科技英語(yǔ)翻譯句子

●Ablackholeexertsastronggravitationalpullandithasnomatter.黑洞產(chǎn)生很強(qiáng)的吸引力,可是它沒(méi)有物質(zhì)。●Acalorieisdefinedasthequantityofheatrequiredatoneatmospheretoraisethetemperatureofonegramofwaterthrough1℃,usuallyfrom14.5℃to15.5℃.一卡路里定義為在一個(gè)大氣壓力條件下,使一克水溫度增加1℃所需要的熱量,通常是指從14.5℃t提高到15.5℃。●Achickenisasuitablespecimenforthestudyofthegeneralexternalfeaturesofabird.雞是研究禽類(lèi)外部特征的合適范例。●Acollectionofdataiscalledadataset,andasingleobservationadatapoint.一批數(shù)據(jù)叫數(shù)據(jù)集,(而單個(gè)觀測(cè)結(jié)果叫數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)?！馎computerisadevicewhichtakesinaseriesofelectricalimpulsesrepresentinginformation,combinesthem,sortsthem,analysesandcomparestheinformationwiththatstoredinthecomputer.計(jì)算機(jī)是一種裝置,該裝置接受一系列含有信息的電脈沖,對(duì)這些電脈沖進(jìn)行合并,整理,分析,并將它們與儲(chǔ)存在機(jī)內(nèi)的信息進(jìn)行比較?！馎computerworkmanytimesmorerapidlythannervecellsinthehumanbrain.計(jì)算機(jī)工作起來(lái)比人類(lèi)大腦中的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞要快很多倍?！馎corkfloatingonwaterisnotsweptalongwiththewater.Rather,itmovesupanddownwiththewavemotion.漂在水面上的軟木塞沒(méi)有隨波流走。相反,它隨波上下浮動(dòng)。●Adeepwound,wherethesupplyofbloodandoxygenhasbeencutoff,istheperfectplaceforcertainkindsofbacteriatogrow.深的傷口是某些種類(lèi)的細(xì)菌孽生的理想場(chǎng)所,因?yàn)槟抢锏墓┭凸┭醣磺袛唷?譯為原因狀語(yǔ)從句●Adrilledholecanbemadeaccurateandsmoothbya?reamer.鉆好的孔可用鉸刀加工,使其尺寸精確,表面光滑。●AfewpeoplewereinfectedwiththeAIDSvirusthroughbloodtransfusions.曾有少數(shù)人通過(guò)輸血傳染上艾滋病毒?！馎flywheelstoresenergyandevensoutfluctuationsinthespeedoftheengine.飛輪可儲(chǔ)存能量,因此可使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的速度波動(dòng)平穩(wěn)下來(lái)。●Aforceinvolvesdirectionaswellasmagnitude.一個(gè)力不僅有大小,而且有方向。●Aliquidismadetocirculatethroughpipesintherefrigerator,pickingupheatfromthefood.是某種液體在冰箱的管子中環(huán)流,從而帶走食物中的熱量。●Amaterialobjectcannothaveaspeedgreaterthanthespeedoflight.一個(gè)物體的速度絕不會(huì)超過(guò)光速。●Amilkywhitefluidcalledlymphcarriesimpuritiesandwasteawayfromthetissuesandpassesthroughgland-likestructuresspacedthroughoutthelymphaticsystemthatactasfilteringvalves.淋巴,一種乳白色的液體,把(人體各組織內(nèi)的雜質(zhì)和代謝廢物帶走,并通過(guò)腺狀結(jié)構(gòu)——這些腺狀結(jié)構(gòu)分布在所有的淋巴系統(tǒng)內(nèi)——起著過(guò)濾網(wǎng)的作用。●Anewtypeofcarisnowbeingdevelopedpoweredbyanhydrousammonia.目前正在研制一種新型的以無(wú)水氨作為動(dòng)力的汽車(chē)。●Apilotmayhavecrossedsomanytimezones,andtakensomanyirregularbreaks,thathehimselfdoesnotknowwhennaturalnightis.飛行員可能越過(guò)很多時(shí)區(qū),無(wú)規(guī)律的休息過(guò)許多次,因此連他們自己也不知道什么時(shí)候是他們的自然夜間。(when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句●Apolymerisasubstanceofhighmolecularweight,wellabovethesizeofthecompoundsconsideredsofar.聚合物是一種高分子的物質(zhì),其大小遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出迄今所提到的各種化合物?！馎portisaharborwiththenecessaryterminalfacilitiestospeedupthemovingofcargoandpassengers.港口是船只停泊處,有各種必要的終端設(shè)備以加速客貨流通?！馎powerreactorhasnoneedofair,fortheheatgeneratedintheuraniumpileistheresultofunclearfission,notofcombustion.動(dòng)力反應(yīng)堆不需要空氣,因?yàn)樵阝櫠阎挟a(chǎn)生的熱室核裂變而不是燃燒的結(jié)果?！馎secondpanelthatwillvisusllydisplayanyalarmconditioninthebuildingcanbeprovidedintheMechanicalSystemControlOffice.機(jī)械系統(tǒng)控制辦公室有另一個(gè)儀表板,將清楚地顯示樓內(nèi)的任何險(xiǎn)情?！馎specialfundhasbeensetuptohelpthesenationsusenewchemicalsandtechnology.已經(jīng)建立了特殊基金資助這些國(guó)家使用新的化學(xué)品和新技術(shù)?！馎substancewhichconsistsentirelyofthesamekindofatomsiscalledanelement.完全由同一種原子構(gòu)成的物質(zhì)稱(chēng)為元素。●Avaluableinstrumentmaybedamagedbeyondrepairinafewsecondofcarelessness.由于疏忽大意,重要的儀表可在幾秒之內(nèi)被損壞到無(wú)法修復(fù)的程度。●Awavemodelisconsideredasagoodmodelofthewayinwhichlightbehaves.波動(dòng)模型是說(shuō)明光的性能的一個(gè)很好的模型。(省譯了isconsidered●Awiderrangeofmonitorsizesissoughtafterthaneverbefore.與以前相比,人們追求更大范圍的不同的顯示器尺寸?！馎bout20kilometersthick,thisgiantumbrellaismadeupofalayerofozonegas.地球的這一巨型保護(hù)傘由一層臭氧組成,其厚度約為20公里?！馎ccordingtotheperiodictable,thereseemtobestillsomeelementsundiscovered.根據(jù)周期表,似乎還有一些未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的元素?！馎cidrain,ozone,andotherconsequencesofthesepollutantsareaffectingplantandanimallife.酸雨、臭氧和這些污染引起的其他后果正影響著植物和動(dòng)物的生存。●Administrativepersonnelshouldbemathematicallyinformediftheyaretomakewisedecision.管理人員要做出明智的決策,就應(yīng)該懂得數(shù)學(xué)。●Adversetoiron,mercuryisinaliquidstateatordinarytemperature.水銀與鐵不同,在常溫下是液態(tài)。(省譯了in●Aerodynamicsismyfieldofresearch.我的研究領(lǐng)域是空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)。(主表倒譯●Afterallitsmerits,thealloydoesnotmeasureuptotherequirements.這種合金盡管有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn),但還是不符合要求。●Afterthespringhasbeenclosedtoitssolidheight,thecompressiveforceisremoved.彈簧被壓縮到并緊高度之后,就沒(méi)有壓力了?！馎fterthewarmuchofthisknowledgewaspouredintothedevelopingofthecomputers.戰(zhàn)后,這項(xiàng)知識(shí)大量地應(yīng)用于研制計(jì)算機(jī)?！馎llmater,solid,gaseousorliquid,ismadeupofextremelytinyparticlescalledmolecules.一切物質(zhì),不論是固態(tài),氣態(tài)還是液態(tài)都是由及其微小的叫做分子的粒子所構(gòu)成的?！馎llofthechargesresidedonthesurfaceoftheconductor.全部電荷都分布在道題表面。●Alloftheinformationnecessarytobuildawholeorganismresideswithinasinglecell.成長(zhǎng)為整個(gè)生物體所需的全部信息都存在于一個(gè)細(xì)胞內(nèi)。●Allthatcanbedoneistoconvertenergyfromoneformintoanother.只能把能量從一種形式轉(zhuǎn)變成另一種形式。●Allthatweknowasvitamins,andhormonesaswellasdeadlypoisonsareallsortoforganicchemicals.我們所熟知的維生素、荷爾蒙以及致命毒藥都是有機(jī)化學(xué)物質(zhì)?！馎llthesoundsarefedintoacomputerandanalyzed.把所有的聲音輸進(jìn)計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行分析?！馎llthesefactorsplayakeyroleinformulationofthemodel.在擬定模型時(shí),所有這些因素都將起到關(guān)鍵性的作用?！馎llowance,whichissometimesconfusedwithtolerance,hasanaltogetherdifferentmeaning.“余量”盡管有時(shí)和“公差”這個(gè)詞相混淆,但“余量”這個(gè)詞卻有著完全不同的含義。(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)譯為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句●Althoughtheproblemiscomplicated,anapproximationmaybeobtainedbydeterminingthequalitativeandquantitativecompositionofsubstances.雖然問(wèn)題比較復(fù)雜,單雙通過(guò)定性、定量地測(cè)定物質(zhì)的成分,則可以近似求解?！馎luminumisalight,malleableandductilemetal.鋁是一種重量輕,可鍛造,延展性好的金屬?！馎nenginethatconvertsheatenergyintomechanicalworkiscalledaheatengine.把熱能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)械功的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)稱(chēng)為熱力發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)?！馎nentirediskpackmightholdaround300millionbytesorcharacters.一個(gè)整磁盤(pán)可能容納大約3億個(gè)字節(jié)或字符?！馎nincreaseinfinalvelocityisattainablebymeansofthemultistagerocket.最終速度的增加可借助多級(jí)火箭達(dá)到?！馎nincreaseintheoxygencontentofcoalby1percentreducesthecalorificvaluebyabout1.7percent.煤的含氧量每增加1%,其熱值則下降約1.7%?！馎ninsufficientsupplyofairwillpreventcompletecombustion.空氣供應(yīng)不足將會(huì)妨礙完全燃燒?！馎nyresistorstoressomeenergyinitsmagneticfield.任何一個(gè)電阻器都能夠把一部分能量?jī)?chǔ)存于磁場(chǎng)中?！馎saresult,computerhavebecomesmaller,faster,andcheaper.其結(jié)果是計(jì)算機(jī)變得體積小。速度快,價(jià)格便宜。●Asdescribedabove,thelaserbeamismuchmorepowerfulthanotherlightbeams.如上所述,激光束比其他光束要強(qiáng)烈的多。●Asfarasawholeisconcerned,thebodyiselectricallyneutral,whenthetotalnumberofprotonsequalsthetotalnumberofelectrons.當(dāng)質(zhì)子總數(shù)等于電子的總數(shù)時(shí),這個(gè)物體就整體而言是電中性。●Asfarastheimagegoes,theelectronmicroscopeisanalogoustotheordinaryopticalmicroscope.電子顯微鏡就成像而論,與普通光學(xué)顯微鏡相似。●Asheisaskillfuloperator,hewouldworkonboththeboilerandturbo-generator.作為熟練的操作人員,他應(yīng)當(dāng)能夠運(yùn)行蒸汽爐和渦輪式發(fā)電機(jī)。●Asisnotedintheprecedingsection,twoessentialelementsofanycomputerareamemoryandaprocessor.正如前一節(jié)指出的那樣,任何計(jì)算機(jī)的兩個(gè)基本單元是儲(chǔ)存器和處理器。●Asisverynatural,abodyatrestwillnotmoveunlessitisacteduponbyaforce.靜止的物體沒(méi)有外力作用,就不會(huì)移動(dòng),這是很自然的。●Assoonas用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,可譯為“一??就”、“一旦??就”等。如:●Asthenatureofthesoiloftenvariesconsiderablyonthesameconstructionsite,thecapacityofthesoiltosupportloadsalsovaries.即便在同一施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng),由于地基的性質(zhì)有很大差異,土體的承載力也不相同。●Asthespeedofneutronsisreduced,theybecomethermalneutrons.由于中子減速,它們變?yōu)闊嶂凶??！馎swehavementionedabove,coalproductionanduseisaccompaniedbyseriousenvironmentalproblems.正如我們上面所提到的,煤炭的生產(chǎn)和使用伴隨有嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境(污染問(wèn)題?！馎s引導(dǎo)的比較從句很多情況下不能按以上的固定格式翻譯,經(jīng)常要根據(jù)需要靈活翻譯。如:●Atanypointintimetheslavecomputerismirroringtheprocessingofmastercomputer.從屬計(jì)算機(jī)隨時(shí)都在反應(yīng)主計(jì)算機(jī)的處理過(guò)程。●Atthesametime,theinfantmortalitywas40percentlowerthanthatofthe1960.同時(shí),嬰兒的死亡率比1960年降低了40%。●Atthiscriticaltemperature,changesbegintotakeplaceinthemolecularstructureofthemetal.在這種臨界溫度時(shí),金屬的分子結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)始發(fā)生變化。(譯為主語(yǔ)●Atomicpowerstationsneedverylargeamountsofwatertocontinuallyremoveunwantedbeat.核電站需要大量的水來(lái)不斷派出廢熱?！馎utomaticmachines,havingmanyadvantages,canonlydothejobstheyhavebeentoldtodo.自動(dòng)化機(jī)器雖然有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn),但它們只能干人們吩咐它們要干的事。(譯為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句●Automationisnotthesamethingasmechanization.自動(dòng)化和機(jī)械化不是一回事。●BecauseeachgenehasitsuniquesequenceofdifferenceDNAsubunits,theprecisesequencecanberegistered.因?yàn)槊總€(gè)基因的不同的DNA副族都有自己的獨(dú)特的序列,這一精確的序列可以注冊(cè)。●Becauseofitssimplicity,economy,anddurability,theinductionmotorismovewidelyusedforindustrialpurposesthananyothertypeofa.c.motor,especiallyifahigh-speeddriveisdesired.與其他型號(hào)的交流電機(jī)相比,感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)因其簡(jiǎn)單、經(jīng)濟(jì)和耐用而被更廣泛地用于工業(yè),特別是需要告訴驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)更是如此?！馚eforesunshinecanbeusedasasourceofenergythestorageproblemmustbesolved.只有解決了貯存問(wèn)題,陽(yáng)光才能用作能源?！馚eforetheairenterstheturbine,fuelissprayedintoit.在空氣進(jìn)入渦輪之前,燃料就噴進(jìn)去了?！馚eingcheapandeffectivemakes2.4-Daverypopularweedkiller.因?yàn)閮r(jià)格便宜效力高,2.4-D成為深受歡迎的除草劑。(作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)譯為原因狀語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯為主語(yǔ)●Beingeverbulky,thesundoesnotlooklargerthanthemoonfromtheearth.雖然太陽(yáng)體積如此之大,但從地球上看它并不比月球大。●Beingspecialinstructure,thesecompoundshaveaspecialproperty,namelytheinterfacialactivity.由于結(jié)構(gòu)特殊,這些化合物具有一個(gè)特殊性質(zhì),即界面活性?！馚esidesfoodandblankets,theyhadmules,picksandpans.除了帶食物和毯子之外,他們還牽著騾子,扛著鐵鍬,帶著淘金盤(pán)。●Birdsandanimalswhichhuntatnighthaveeyeswhichcontainfewornoconesatall,sotheycannotseecolors.凡是夜間覓食的飛禽走獸,因?yàn)檠劬δ[的視錐細(xì)胞數(shù)量極少或根本沒(méi)有,所以不能辨別顏色。(第二個(gè)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞which轉(zhuǎn)譯成“因?yàn)椤?表示原因●Blackholesactlikehugedrainsintheuniverse.黑洞的作用像宇宙中巨大的吸管?！馚lackholesshowusaworldwhichoperatesinatotallydifferentwayfromourownandtheyquestionourmostbasicexperienceofspaceandtime.黑洞向我們展示出一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律與我們這個(gè)世界完全不同的世界,它使我們對(duì)關(guān)于空間和時(shí)間的最基本經(jīng)驗(yàn)產(chǎn)生懷疑?！馚reedingofhummingbirdstakes?placeinMayandJune.蜂鳥(niǎo)生育繁殖的時(shí)間是每年的五月和六月?！馚ubblememoriesarenotexpensive,consumelittlepower,aresmallinsize,andarehighlyreliable.磁泡存儲(chǔ)器價(jià)格不高,電能消耗少,體積小,可靠性高?！馚utfortheozonelayer,morepeoplewouldgetsunburns,skincancerandcataracts.如果沒(méi)有臭氧層,許多人就會(huì)患上曬斑、皮膚癌、白內(nèi)障等疾病?！馚utthatironwerebrittle,itwouldhavebeenpossibletoforgeit.要是鑄鐵不是脆的,便可以鍛造?！馚utthatyoucuttheengineimmediately,itwouldhaveburnedout.假使你不及時(shí)關(guān)掉發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),那么發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)早就壞了?！馚yconductivitywemeantheabilitytoconductanelectriccurrent.導(dǎo)電性就是指?jìng)鲗?dǎo)電流的能力?！馚yconventionanatomofanelementisrepresentedbyanabbreviationoftheelement’sname.按照慣例,一種元素的原子由該元素名稱(chēng)的縮寫(xiě)來(lái)表示?！馚yitself,concreteisonlygoodatresistingcompression,butitfailsundertension.混凝土本身只能抗壓,不能抗拉。(省譯可under●Byrepeatedrecrystallizationaproteinusuallycanberenderedessentiallypure,inthesenseofbeingfreefromotherproteins.在不摻雜其他蛋白質(zhì)這個(gè)意義上,通過(guò)反復(fù)再結(jié)晶,可以得到基本上純凈的蛋白質(zhì)。(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)被譯為條件狀語(yǔ)●Bythattime,theradioactivecloudhadthinnedouttosuchanextentthatitwasnolongervisible.到那時(shí),放射性云已稀薄到再也看不見(jiàn)的程度了?！馛arbonburnsinoxygenorair,formingcarbondioxide.碳在氧或空氣中燃燒,便形成了二氧化碳。●Carbondioxidedoesnotburnandsupportcombustion.二氧化碳既不自然,也不助燃。●Caremustbeexercisedtopreventthermalstrainsfromintroducingspuriousoutput.必須注意防止熱應(yīng)變引起亂真輸出。(譯為謂語(yǔ)●Carswillbedrivenbyceramicmotorstwiceaslightasthatoftheirsteelcounterparts.汽車(chē)將采用陶瓷發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),重量?jī)H為鋼制發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的一半?！馽autious,able,familiar,available等。如:●Certainsweatglandsemitadistinctiveodorwhenananimalisfrightened.動(dòng)物受驚嚇時(shí),某些汗腺會(huì)放出獨(dú)特的氣味。●Chemicalcontrolwilldomostofthingsinpestcontrol.化學(xué)防治能在病蟲(chóng)害防治中起到主要作用。●Computersareofgreathelptoscientistsandengineers;thatiswhytheyarewidelyusedindifferentbranchesofscienceandengineering.計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)科學(xué)家和工程技術(shù)人員是非常有用的,這就是計(jì)算機(jī)被廣泛應(yīng)用于科學(xué)和工程各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的原因。●Computescomeinawidevarietyofsizesandcapabilities.計(jì)算機(jī)大小不一,能力各異。●Considerasituationinwhichacertainpartcanbemanufacturedattherateof50partsadayonanautomaticscrewmachine.假定在自動(dòng)螺絲車(chē)床上加工每一零件的生產(chǎn)率為每天50件。●Consumerscanworkbythrowingoutdataunimportanttotheoverallqualityoftheimage.壓縮程序能刪除那些對(duì)圖像整體質(zhì)量無(wú)足輕重的數(shù)據(jù)。(省譯了原來(lái)的謂語(yǔ),動(dòng)名詞被轉(zhuǎn)譯成謂語(yǔ)●Contactbetweencopperandaluminumsetsupcorrosiveaction.銅與鋁的接觸引起腐蝕作用?！馛rystalmakingdidnotbecomeaseriousbusinessuntil1902.直到1902年,晶體制造才成為一個(gè)重要的行業(yè).●Curiously,Uranushasalmostnosuchexcessheat.奇怪的是天王星幾乎沒(méi)有這種多余的熱量?！馜efectsinwelds,ifany,canbedetectedbynondestructivetestingmethods.焊縫內(nèi)如有缺陷,可用無(wú)損檢驗(yàn)法探查?！馜epressingpumpsprovideanidealforchemicalapplications.壓縮泵是化工應(yīng)用的理想設(shè)備?！馜esignshouldincorporateprovisionstoavoidaccidentalcollapseofabed.在設(shè)計(jì)中要有各種預(yù)備措施以避免床層的意外崩塌?！馜espitealltheimprovements,rubbersstillhasanumberoflimitations.盡管改進(jìn)了很多,但合成橡膠仍有一些缺陷?！馜evicedminaturizationresultsinreducedcostandinimprovedperformance.器件微小型化可使成本下降、性能改善。●Differentkindsofpetroleumareallmixturesofhydrocarbons.各種石油產(chǎn)品都是烴混合物。●Differentiationcanalsobeexpressedintermsofbiochemicalactivities.分化也可以用生化活動(dòng)來(lái)表達(dá)。●Distillationinvolvesheatingthesolutionuntilwaterevaporates,andthencondensingthevapor.蒸餾就是要把溶液加熱,直到水蒸發(fā),然后再使蒸汽冷凝。●Eachorganismowesitsexistencetogenesitcontains.每個(gè)生物有機(jī)體因其含有基因而存在。(譯為謂語(yǔ)●Eachtransistorintheboxisnotoutoforder.盒里的晶體管并非每一個(gè)都是壞的?！馝insteincametotheconclusionthatthemaximumspeedpossibleintheuniverseisthatoflight.愛(ài)因斯坦得出這樣的結(jié)論,即宇宙中的最大速度是光速?！馝insteinclaimedthatmatterandenergyareinterchangeable,sothatthereisno“absolute”timeandspace。愛(ài)因斯坦宣稱(chēng)物質(zhì)和能量可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換,因此沒(méi)有“絕對(duì)的”時(shí)間和空間。●Einstein’srelativitytheoryistheonlyonewhichcanexplainsuchphenomena.愛(ài)因斯坦的相對(duì)論是解釋這種現(xiàn)象的唯一理論。(直譯●Electriccharges,positiveandnegative,whichareresponsibleforelectricalforce,canwipeoneanotheroutanddisappear.產(chǎn)生電場(chǎng)力的正負(fù)電荷會(huì)相互抵消掉。(省譯了and●Electriclight,electricheatandelectricdrivingpowercanbeproducedwithoutdirtornoisewheretheyareneeded,andcanbequicklyandeasilycontrolled.電力照明、電熱以及電動(dòng)力的供應(yīng)沒(méi)有灰塵和噪音,隨處都能使用,并且能迅速容易地控制。●Electricalenergyisavailablefromasimplecell.就從一節(jié)電池中便可得到電能。●Energyisstoredinitasaspringiscompressedorstretched.當(dāng)彈簧被壓縮或拽長(zhǎng)時(shí),能量便儲(chǔ)存在彈簧上?！馝nginerevolutionshouldnotexceedthemaximumpermissible.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)不應(yīng)超過(guò)所允許的最大數(shù)值?！馝ngineering,whilenotabasicscience,drawsheavilyuponthescientificdisciplineswhenitgoestoanypracticalfield.雖然工程學(xué)不是一門(mén)基礎(chǔ)科學(xué),但是當(dāng)它應(yīng)用于任何一個(gè)世紀(jì)領(lǐng)域時(shí),都會(huì)大量的使用許多學(xué)科的知識(shí)?！馝venifweliveinatemperateclimate,adaymaycomewhenitrainsorsnowsallthetime.即使我們生活在溫帶地區(qū),也可能會(huì)遇到一整天下雨或整天下雪的一天?！馝ventheprotectiveenvironmentisnoinsuranceagainstdeathfromlackofoxygen.即使有防護(hù)設(shè)施,也不能保證因缺氧而死亡的情況?！馝venthoughthecopperwirelooksquitemotionlesstoyourordinaryeye,thereisagreatdealofactivitygoingoninsideit.盡管從肉眼看來(lái)銅線是不動(dòng)的,但它在內(nèi)部卻進(jìn)行著大量的活動(dòng)?！馝veryobject,largeorsmall,hasatendencytomovetowardeveryotherobject.每一個(gè)物體,不論大小,都有向其他物體移動(dòng)的傾向?！馝veryorganismidstructurallyisolatedfromitsenvironmentbysomekindofcoveringsuchasashell,askinoramembrane.每一個(gè)生物體都以某種覆蓋物,如殼體,皮膚或膜,使其與外界隔開(kāi)來(lái)?！馝videntlydiffraction,aswellasinterference,isawaveproperty.顯然,衍射以及干涉都是波的特性?！馝xcessadhesiveshallbecarefullyremovedtopreventrunningtoothersurfaces.擦去多余的粘結(jié)劑要格外的小心,以免流到其他表面上。(動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)●Explosivehardeningprocedurestakeupwhereheattreatmentsleaveoff.不用熱處理的地方,可采用爆炸硬化法。●Failurecanbepreventedbyensuringthatallwiringisproperlyinsulated.防止這種事故的辦法是保證使導(dǎo)線完全絕緣。●Farfromincreasingthereactionrate,hightemperaturesdecreaseit.高溫非但沒(méi)有提高反應(yīng)速率,反而降低速率●Fastfeedsproducelarge,thickchips.快速進(jìn)給產(chǎn)生大而厚的切屑。●Fewbirdsremainthroughouttheyearintheplacewherefoodishardtofind.在很難找到食物的地方?jīng)]有什么鳥(niǎo)能常年棲息?！馞lame-sprayingisthemostversatilewaytoapplyhard-surfacecoatings.火焰噴射法是涂硬表層的最常用的方法?！馞lemingprovedthatpenicillincouldkillnotonlystaphylococcusandbacteriabutotherkindsalso.弗萊明證實(shí),青霉素不僅能殺死葡萄球菌,而且也能殺死其他種類(lèi)的細(xì)菌?！馞luidsandprocesshasfoundapplicationintheproductionoflargesteelcasting.流態(tài)砂法已經(jīng)用于生產(chǎn)大型鋼鐵鑄件。(動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)●Forcertainusesthereisnometalasgoodassteel.就某種用途而言,沒(méi)有哪種金屬比得上鋼。●Formaximumprecision,wecanmakethethermalmeasurementsafterhissuggestion.為了獲得更高的精確度,我們可以依照他的建議進(jìn)行熱測(cè)量?！馞orthepurposeofourdiscussion,letusneglectthefriction.為了便于討論,我們將摩擦力忽略不計(jì)。●Gearsareusedtoincreaseordecreasethespeedandtorqueofshafts.齒輪用來(lái)增大或減小轉(zhuǎn)軸的速度或轉(zhuǎn)速?！馟enemutationisofgreatimportanceinbreedingnewwarieties.在新品種培育方面,基因突變是非常重要的。●Giventheextraordinaryvalueofcertaingeneticmaterialsandtheirsmicroscopicsize,cantheftbefarbehind.鑒于某些遺傳物質(zhì)的價(jià)值異常高,而他們的體積極其微小,竊取基因還會(huì)為時(shí)很遠(yuǎn)嗎?●Glassandrubberarenon-conductorsorinsulators.玻璃和橡膠是非導(dǎo)體,也就是絕緣體。●HadFranklinknownwhatweknowaboutlightninginthosedays,heprobablywouldnothaveundertakensuchadangerousexperiment.如果富蘭克林當(dāng)時(shí)與我們關(guān)于閃電知識(shí)的認(rèn)識(shí)一樣,他可能就不會(huì)進(jìn)行那種危險(xiǎn)的(風(fēng)箏試驗(yàn)了.(what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,what在該從句中作賓語(yǔ)●Handpickshavebeenreplacedbypneumaticpicksandelectricdrills.手鎬已被風(fēng)鎬和電鉆取而代之?！馠ardwheatcomesfromtheprairiezonesoftheUSandCanadahavinglimitedrainfall.硬粒小麥來(lái)自美國(guó)和加拿大的高原地區(qū),這些地區(qū)降雨量有限?！馠ardlydoesthediskenterthemagneticfieldwhenastrongopposingforcetendstostopitalmostinstantly.圓盤(pán)一進(jìn)入磁場(chǎng),一股相反的強(qiáng)力幾乎立即就要使它停止運(yùn)動(dòng)?！馠edevelopedacomputermodelbasedonthedataaccumulatedinthesestudies.他根據(jù)研究中積累的數(shù)據(jù)研制了一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)模型。●Heattransfercoefficientcomprisesconvectiveandradioactivecomponents.熱交換系數(shù)由對(duì)流和輻射兩部分組成?！馠eated,waterwillchangetovapor.水受熱后會(huì)汽化。●Highsteamcarbonratioswererequiredtopreventcarbonformationinthereformertubers.為了防止重整管中碳的形成,蒸氣與碳的比率需要非常高。●Hightechnologyisprovidingvisuallyandhearingimpairedpeoplewithincreasedself-sufficiency.高科技設(shè)備在不斷增強(qiáng)視力和聽(tīng)力損傷者的自理能力?！馠owenergyandmatterbehave,howtheyinteractonewiththeother,andhowwecontrolthemmakeupthesubstanceoftwobasicphysicalsciences,physicsandchemistry.能量和物質(zhì)具有什么特性,他們?cè)鯓酉嗷プ饔靡约拔覀內(nèi)绾慰刂扑麄?這就構(gòu)成了物理和化學(xué)這兩門(mén)基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)的內(nèi)容?！馠umanlegveinsarerepeatedlysqueezedbythelegmusclesaspeoplewalkorrun.當(dāng)人走路或跑步時(shí),人腿靜脈反復(fù)受到腿部肌肉擠壓?！馠umans,accordingtoDrNightingale,mostlyusethesenseoftouchasiftheywererobots.據(jù)奈廷戈?duì)柌┦靠磥?lái),人利用觸覺(jué)多半像機(jī)器人一樣?！馡hopeitwillbefinetomorrow.我希望明天是個(gè)好天氣。●Iceandwaterconsistofthesamesubatanceindifferentforms.冰和水由相同的物質(zhì)構(gòu)成,但形態(tài)不同?！馡falaserbeamwerenotsointense,itwouldnotbeabletomeltmetals.如果激光束不那么強(qiáng)烈,它就不能熔化金屬?！馡fametalspoonisputintoahotliquid,theendoutoftheliquidgetswarm.如果把金屬湯匙放入熱的液體中,露在液體外的一端會(huì)漸漸熱起來(lái)?！馡fonegeneratorisoutoforder,theotherwillproduceelectricityinstead.如果一臺(tái)發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)生故障,另一臺(tái)便代替它發(fā)電。●Ifthebearingwerenotlubricated,theywouldrapidlyoverheat.假如軸承未加潤(rùn)滑油的話,軸承很快就過(guò)熱了?！馡ftherateofthebackwardreactionbecomessignificant,theratelawsbecomemorecomplex.若逆反應(yīng)的速度變大,反應(yīng)速度的規(guī)律就會(huì)變得更復(fù)雜。●Ifthesurfaceissmooth,reflectionisregular;ifthesurfaceisrough,thereflectionisdiffuse.如果表面光滑,則反射規(guī)則:故國(guó)表面不平,則反射發(fā)散?！馡ftheturbinespeedincreases,thegovernorwillautomaticallycomeintooperation.如果渦輪機(jī)速度增大,調(diào)速器會(huì)自動(dòng)開(kāi)始工作?！馡ftheworkpieceisgrabbeddirectlybyhands,itwarpsduetothebodytemperature.如果用手直接抓工件,工件就會(huì)因受到體溫而發(fā)生變形。●Iftherewerenoelectricalpressureinaconductor,theelectronflowwouldnottakeplace.導(dǎo)體上若沒(méi)有電壓,電流就不會(huì)形成?！馡ftwoobjectsdifferinbrightnessbyafactorof20or30,theycannotbephotographedonthesameplate.如果兩個(gè)物體的亮度相差20或30倍,則不能拍攝在同一張底片上?！馡fwecompressagas,itbecomeshot;ifweallowittoexpand,itcools.如果我們壓縮氣體,它會(huì)變熱;如果讓它膨脹,它便會(huì)變冷。●Ifyourfinaloutputisahigh-qualityformat,youwilluselesscompressionandahigherresolution.如果你要求高品質(zhì)效果,則會(huì)選用較低的壓縮率和較高的分辨率?！馡mpuritiesproducedetrimentaleffects.雜質(zhì)會(huì)產(chǎn)生有害的影響?！馡nageneratormechanicalpowerisputinandelectricalpoweristakenout,insteadofelectricalpowergoinginandmechanicalpowercomingoutasinamotor.在發(fā)電機(jī)中是輸入機(jī)械能、輸出電能,而在電動(dòng)機(jī)中則是輸入電能、輸出機(jī)械能?！馡nasensetheatmospherebearsacloseresemblancetoanocean.從某種意義上講,大氣和海洋是非常相似的?！馡nanordinarybeam,thewavesarelikethepopleinacrowdgoingtoafootballmatch,jostlingandbumpingintooneanother.在普通光束中,光波就像成群的人去觀看足球比賽一樣,互相擁擠和碰撞?！馡nanymachineinputworkeaualsoutputworldoneagainstfriction.任何機(jī)器的輸入功率都等于輸出功加上克服摩擦所做的功。●Incasealargeleakageofsteamoccurs,theengineefficiencywillfail.如果蒸汽大量泄漏,引擎效率將會(huì)降低?！馡ndevelopingthedesign,wemustconsiderthefeasibilityofprocessing.在進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),必須考慮加工的可能性?！馡nfact,thehighalloyausteniticsteelsloselittle,ifany,oftheirtoughnessuntilextremelylowtemperaturearereached.事實(shí)上,沒(méi)有達(dá)到極低的溫度前,高合金奧氏體鋼幾乎沒(méi)降低其韌性?！馡nitspurestatealuminumissoftandnotverystrong,soitisnotoftenusedinthisstate.純鋁很軟,且強(qiáng)度不高,所以不常用。●Inlargeramounts,ozoneisunpleasantwithsstrongodorthatirritatesareeyesandlungs.大量的臭氧都帶有一種不舒服的強(qiáng)烈的氣味,對(duì)眼睛及肺部有刺激作用。(譯為定語(yǔ)●Inliquidthemoleculesaremuchclosertogetherthantheyareingases.在液體中,分子之間的距離比在氣體中近得多。●Inselectingamaterial,theengineermusthaveknowledgenotonlyofwhatthematerial’spropertiesare,butalsoofhowtheyaredetermined.在選擇材料時(shí),工程師不僅要知道材料的性能是什么,而且要知道性能是怎樣測(cè)定的。(what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,what在該句中作表語(yǔ)●Insuchcasesanantifrictionbearingmightbeapooranswer.這時(shí)如果用減摩軸承,可不是一種好的解決方法。(形容詞poor具有否定含義●Inthecaseofanelastoplasticstructure,itisnotpertinenttospeakforadesignstress.對(duì)一個(gè)彈塑性結(jié)構(gòu)物來(lái)說(shuō),使用設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)力這個(gè)詞就不恰當(dāng)了。●Inthecaseofthetwirlingball,forexample,centripetalforceisappliedtotheballwhilecentrifugalforceisappliedtothestring.例如,在快速旋轉(zhuǎn)球的情況下,向心力作用于球上,而離心力作用于繩子上。●Increasinglysophisticatedcomputer-controlledrobotsareenteringindustrytocutdownproductioncosts,time,andlaborrequirements.日益完善的由計(jì)算機(jī)控制的機(jī)器人正在進(jìn)入工業(yè)領(lǐng)域,用來(lái)降低生產(chǎn)成本,縮短生產(chǎn)時(shí)間,并且減少對(duì)勞動(dòng)力的需求?！馡nflationcouldnotbecontrolled,butrathergotworseandworse.通貨膨脹沒(méi)有得到控制,反而越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重?！馡nspectingthefirstandlaststagesaswellastheextractioncanbecarriedoutbymeansofanendoscopewithoutdismantlingtherespectivecastings.第一級(jí)和最后一級(jí)以及抽氣口處的葉級(jí)檢查,都無(wú)需揭開(kāi)有關(guān)的汽缸,可用端頭內(nèi)窺鏡來(lái)進(jìn)行。●Inspectionprogramshelptodeterminewhentoreplaceparts.檢驗(yàn)計(jì)劃有助于確定更換零部件的時(shí)間?！馡nstalledintheceilingofthefacilityarefully-controlledlightswhichplaytheroleofthesun.起到光照作用的全控?zé)舭惭b在這個(gè)設(shè)施的天花板內(nèi)?！馡nstructionsandmicroinstructionsdonothavethesameformat.指令和微指令的格式不同。(譯為主語(yǔ)●Instructionsareexecutedinthesequencetheyarestoredinmemory.指令的執(zhí)行時(shí)按照其在存儲(chǔ)器中的存儲(chǔ)順序進(jìn)行的。●Insulatorsarebynomeanslessimportantthanconductors.絕緣體的重要性絕不亞于導(dǎo)體?！馡talsomakesiteasierforpeopletogetinvolvedinthedevelopmentprocess.人們也更容易參與其開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程?！馡tbecamepossibletotreatthevacuumdeviceasacircuitelement.可以把真空器件當(dāng)做電路元件來(lái)處理.(介賓短語(yǔ)作謂語(yǔ)●Itfollowsthatradarisanelectronicsystemforlocatingaircraftofcloudpatterns.由此可見(jiàn),雷達(dá)是用來(lái)測(cè)定飛機(jī)位置或運(yùn)行位置的電子系統(tǒng)?！馡tgoeswithoutsayingthatagricultureengineeringinvolvesboththenaturalsciencesandthebiologicalsciences.不言而喻,農(nóng)業(yè)工程包括自然科學(xué)與生物學(xué)。●Ithasbeenfoundthatthecurrentmechanisminsemi-conductorsisentirelydifferentfromthatinmetalconductors.人們發(fā)現(xiàn),辦法歐體的電流原理與金屬導(dǎo)體的電流原理完全不同?！馡thasbeenproposedthatradioactivewastesbedepositedinabandonedsaltwines.有人建議將放射性廢物存放在廢棄的鹽礦中。●Itisasuccesstoreplacesteamwithmercuryvapor.用水銀蒸氣代替水蒸汽(的實(shí)驗(yàn)是成功的。●Itisbelievedthattheoriginaloxygenwasformedbytheseparationofwaterintohydrogenandoxygenmoleculesintheupperatmosphere.人們認(rèn)為最初的氧是由高層大氣中的水分離為氫和氧分子而形成的?！馡tisdesirabletoperformthegascleaningstepswhilethegasifierisstillhot.在汽化器里。當(dāng)氣體仍然熱著時(shí)實(shí)施氣體凈化非常有必要?！馡tiseasytomanufacturesomepartonautomaticscrewmachine.在自動(dòng)螺絲床上加工某一零件很容易?！馡tiseightfeetsquare.八英尺見(jiàn)方。●Itisforbiddentodismantleitwithoutpermissionsoastoavoidanyapplications.嚴(yán)禁拆卸,以免損壞該設(shè)備的零件●Itisimportantthattheproportionsofairandfueldrawnintothecylinderarecorrect.進(jìn)入氣缸中的空氣和燃料的比例要合適,這一點(diǎn)很重要?！馡tisimportanttorealizethetwopointsaboutforgingandpressing.弄清鍛壓的這兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)是重要的?！馡tisinterestingthatEinstein’stheoryprovidedabasisfortheideaofblackholesbeforeastronomersstartedtofindsomeevidencefortheirexistence.有趣的是愛(ài)因斯坦的理論為關(guān)于黑洞的想法提供了依據(jù)后,天文學(xué)家才開(kāi)始尋找黑洞存在的證據(jù)?！馡tisknowntoallthatmathematicsisthebasisofallotherscience.大家都知道,數(shù)學(xué)是所有其他科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)?！馡tislateautumnnow.現(xiàn)在是深秋?！馡tisnaturalthatphysicsshouldhaveacontinuinginfluenceonphilosophy.物理學(xué)不斷地對(duì)哲學(xué)產(chǎn)生影響,這是很自然的。●Itisnecessarythatthephotoconductorbeshieldedbothfromtheheatandfromdirectlight.必須將光電導(dǎo)體與熱源隔離開(kāi)來(lái),并避免光線的直接照射。(that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句●Itisnecessarytodistinguishbetweenthetemperatureofabodyanditsheat.將物體的溫度和熱量區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)是必要的。(介詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)●Itisnecessarytopreventinductionmotoragainstoverloadandunder-voltage.必須保護(hù)感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī),防止過(guò)載和欠壓。●Itisnotalwayspossibletodistinguishthem(nonheritablevariationsfromheritablevariationswithoutperforminganexperiment.不進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)要將其(不可遺傳變異與可遺傳變異區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)有時(shí)是不可能的。(動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)●Itisnotuntilwiresareconnectedthatthepathiscompleted.直到導(dǎo)線接上后,此電路才接通。●Itisoftendesirabletoknowwhichconductorofahousepowerlineishot.常常需要知道住宅內(nèi)的電線哪一根是火線。(which引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句●Itispossibletodifferentiatethesereactionsowingtotheirdifferenceinintensity.因?yàn)榉磻?yīng)的強(qiáng)度不同,所以要把它們區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)時(shí)完全可能的?！馡tispreferabletostartthepumpwiththedischargevalueopen.啟動(dòng)水泵時(shí),最好開(kāi)著排水閥?！馡tistenmetersinlength.長(zhǎng)度為十米?！馡tisthesedrawbackswhichneedtobeeliminatedandwhichhaveledtothesearchfornewprocesses.正是因?yàn)檫@些缺點(diǎn)需要加以消除,才導(dǎo)致了對(duì)新方法的探求。●Itisunknowntouswhentheybegantomaketransportabletransformers.他們是什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始制造移動(dòng)式變壓器的我們還不知道。(when引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句●Itisunknownwhythepolymerconsistsofalternatesingleanddoublebonds.為什么這種聚合物由單雙鍵交替構(gòu)成尚不清楚。(why引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句●Itisusualforexperimenterstotake5%asastandardlevelofsignificance.實(shí)驗(yàn)者通常把5%看做是一個(gè)重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)量。(介賓短語(yǔ)作謂語(yǔ)●Itiswell-knownthatamovingelectricalchargegeneratesacircularmagneticfieldarounditspath.眾所周知,運(yùn)動(dòng)中的電荷在其路途的周?chē)a(chǎn)生一個(gè)環(huán)形磁場(chǎng)?！馡tiswidelyacknowledgedthatthesematerialscanwithstandstrongstressandhightemperature.普遍認(rèn)為,這些材料能承受強(qiáng)大應(yīng)力和高溫?！馡tmattersmuchtoefficiencywherethemachineissetup.機(jī)器到底安裝在什么地方對(duì)效率關(guān)系極大。(where引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句●Itmattersmuchtoefficiencywherethemachineissetup.機(jī)器到底安裝在什么地方與效率關(guān)系極大?！馡tmeansthatthemassofthecometcannothaveamountedtoasmuchasoneten-thousandthoftheearth.這表明,這顆彗星的質(zhì)量甚至不到地球質(zhì)量的萬(wàn)分之一。●Itmightbethoughtthatcarbondioxidewouldaccumulateintheatmosphere,butthisisnotthecase.人們可能會(huì)認(rèn)為二氧化碳在大氣中會(huì)越級(jí)越多,但事實(shí)并非如此。●Itremainstobeseenifnuclearfusionwillbeeverbecomeapracticalpowersource.核聚變是否會(huì)成為一種實(shí)用的能源,還需拭目以待。(if引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句●Itremainsunknownwhetherthesefaultscanbecorrected.這些缺陷是否可以排除還不清楚。(whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句●Itshouldbeemphasizedthatthelaserisinnosenseanenergysource.應(yīng)當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)指出,激光器并不是一個(gè)能源。(譯為無(wú)主句●Itshouldberealizedthatmagneticforcesandelectricforcesarenotthesame.應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到,磁力和電力是不同的●Ittakestimebeforeozone-depletingchemicalcanbetotallyeliminated.要徹底清除消耗臭氧的化學(xué)品還需要時(shí)間?！馡twasnotuntil1948thatthetransistorwasinvented.直到1948年才發(fā)明晶體管?！馡twasnotuntilMadameCuriediscoveredradiumthatpeoplehaveideaofwhatradioactivitywas.直到居里夫人發(fā)現(xiàn)鐳以后,人們才開(kāi)始了解放射性。●It,too,wassomethingwhichwascompletelyatvariancewiththeknownlawsofnature.那同樣完全不符合當(dāng)時(shí)已知的自然法則?！馡t’simportanttolearnwhentheenvironmentisnotgoodforplantsandanimals,itisnotgoodforman.懂得當(dāng)環(huán)境不利于動(dòng)植