雅思閱讀材料之養(yǎng)狗的家庭寶寶更健康

智課網(wǎng)IELTS備考資料雅思閱讀材料之養(yǎng)狗的家庭寶寶更健康出國(guó)英語(yǔ)考試有哪些雅思6.5是什么水平雅思閱讀評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)托福閱讀評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)雅思和托福的區(qū)別Adogcouldbeababy'sbestfriend,accordingtoastudyinthemedicaljournalPediatrics。醫(yī)學(xué)雜志《兒科學(xué)》(Pediatrics上發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告顯示,狗可能是嬰兒最好的朋友。Infantslivinginhouseholdswithdogswerehealthierandhadfewerearinfectionsthanthosewithoutadog,thestudyfound.Researchersalsofoundthatcatsappearedtooffersomeprotection,butthelinkwasn'tasstrong.該研究發(fā)現(xiàn),養(yǎng)狗家庭的嬰兒比無(wú)狗家庭的嬰兒更健康,并且也較少患耳部炎癥。研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn),貓似乎能提供一些保護(hù),但兩者的關(guān)聯(lián)沒那么強(qiáng)。Thestudy,postedonlineMondayandbasedon397childrenwholivedinruralandsuburbanpartsofFinland,examinedwhethercontactwithdogsandcatsduringababy'sfirstyearoffersanyprotectionfromrespiratorytractinfections,suchascoldsandresultingcommonearinfections.'Thechildrenhavingdogsathomewerehealthier,theyhadlessearinfectionsandtheyneededlessantibiotics,'saidEijaBergroth,thestudy'sleadauthorandapediatricianaffiliatedwithKuopioUniversityHospitalinKuopio,Finland.這份7月9日上線的研究報(bào)告追蹤了生活在芬蘭鄉(xiāng)村和郊區(qū)的397名兒童,考查了嬰兒一歲以內(nèi)與貓狗的接觸是否能保護(hù)其免遭呼吸道感染的侵害,例如感冒和常見的并發(fā)耳部感染。報(bào)告首席作者、芬蘭庫(kù)奧皮奧大學(xué)醫(yī)院(KuopioUniversityHospital的兒科大夫艾嘉?伯格羅斯(EijaBergroth說(shuō),養(yǎng)狗家庭的小孩更健康,他們患耳炎的情況較少,需要的抗生素也比較少。Onemeasureshowedchildrenwithdogswerereportedasbeinghealthyforabout73%ofthetime,basedonweeklyquestionnaires,comparedwithabout65%ofchildrenwithnodogcontactathome.Whilethestudytrackedjustunder400babies,theresearcherssaidtheresultswerestatisticallysignificantbecauseitreliedonweeklyquestionnairesfilledoutbyparents.該研究中基于每周問卷調(diào)查的統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示,養(yǎng)狗家庭小孩約73%的時(shí)間都是健康狀態(tài),而無(wú)狗家庭小孩的這一比例約為65%。盡管研究只追蹤了不到400名小孩,但研究者稱這些結(jié)果在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上具有顯著意義,因?yàn)樗揽康氖羌议L(zhǎng)們填寫的每周問卷。Dr.Bergrothexplainedthatchildrenwholivedinhouseholdswheredogsspent18ormorehoursadayoutside,showedthemosthealthydays,fewerfeversandtheleastuseofantibioticscomparedwithbabieswithnodogathome.Onetheoryisdogsthatspendalotoftimeoutsidelikelybringmoredirtandbacteriainsidethehomecomparedwithdogsandcatsthatspendmoretimeindoors,shesaid.Researchersbelievethatexposuretodirtandbacteriabuildsupbabies'immunesystems.伯格羅斯博士解釋說(shuō),與無(wú)狗家庭的小孩相比,那些每日在戶外時(shí)間18小時(shí)以上的狗所屬家庭的小孩健康的天數(shù)最多,更少發(fā)燒,抗生素的使用也最少。她說(shuō),一種理論是,長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在戶外活動(dòng)的狗可能比常在室內(nèi)的狗和貓帶回更多塵土和細(xì)菌。研究人員認(rèn)為接觸塵土和細(xì)菌會(huì)增強(qiáng)寶寶的免疫系統(tǒng)。Researchersfoundthat97%ofbabies-whosemotherswereenrolledinthestudyduringpregnancy-hadarunnynoseatsomepointduringthestudy,mosthadacoughandabout40%hadanearinfection.Nearlyhalfofthechildrenneededantibiotics.研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),97%的寶寶──他們的母親在懷孕期間就加入了這項(xiàng)研究──在研究期間出現(xiàn)過流鼻涕的癥狀,大部分寶寶患過咳嗽,約40%患過耳炎。將近一半的寶寶需要使用抗生素治療。Earlierstudiesusingsmallersamplesofchildrenhaveshownconflictingresultsontheimpactofanimalexposureoninfectionsandallergies,thoughastudyfundedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthshowedchildrenexposedtotwoormoredogsorcatsintheirfirstyearhadlowerchancesoflaterdevelopingallkindsofallergiesthanchildrenexposedtooneornopets.早前以較少兒童做樣本的研究得出過相反的結(jié)論,認(rèn)為接觸動(dòng)物對(duì)炎癥和過敏有不良影響,不過一項(xiàng)由美國(guó)國(guó)立衛(wèi)生研究院(NationalInstitutesofHealth資助的研究顯示,一歲以前接觸兩只或更多的狗或貓的小孩日后罹患各類過敏癥的幾率比只接觸一只或不接觸寵物的小孩要低得多。Dr.Bergroth'sstudyinvolvedchildrenwhowerebornatKuopioUniversityHospitalinFinlandbetweenSeptember2002andMay2005.Thechildren'sparentsweregivenweeklyquestionnairesfromthetimetheirbabieswerenineweeksolduntiltheywere1yearold.Thequestionnairesaskedifthechildrenhadbeen'haleandhearty'inthepastsevendays.Ifthechildwasn'thealthyparentswereaskedtodocumentailmentslikefever,cough,runnynose,earinfection,diarrhea,urinarytractinfectionorrash.Familieswerealsoaskedeachweekiftheyhadadogoracatathomeandhowmuchtimetheanimalsspentoutside。伯格羅斯博士研究中的小孩是2002年9月至2005年5月之間在芬蘭庫(kù)奧皮奧大學(xué)醫(yī)院出生的。從孩子九周至一歲,他們的父母每周會(huì)收到問卷,調(diào)查小孩在過去七天里是否“生龍活虎”。如果孩子不健康,父母被需要記錄下他們的病情,比如發(fā)燒、咳嗽、流鼻涕、耳部炎癥、腹瀉、尿路感染或皮疹。問卷同時(shí)還問及這些家庭是否養(yǎng)狗或養(yǎng)貓,以及寵物在戶外的活動(dòng)時(shí)長(zhǎng)。Thestudyresultsweretabulatedlookingatresponsesontheweeklyquestionnairesratherthanindividualchildren.Researchersanalyzedthedataindifferentwaystoruleoutotherfactorsthatcouldinfluen