2015職稱英語綜合類B真題及答案

2015職稱英語綜合類B真題及答案（完整版）第1部分詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1~15題，每題1分，共15分）下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。Theorganizationwasboldenoughtofacethepress.A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.sensibleIwillnottoleratethatsortofbehaviorinmyclass.A.acceptB.controlC.observeD.regulateIrealizedtomyhorrorthatIhadforgottenthepresent.AlimitB.fearC.powerD.foolMostpeoplefindrejectionhardtoaccept.A.excuseB.clientC.destinyD.refusalShe'sextremelycompetentandindustrious.A.hardworkingB.honestC.objectiveD.independentThedoctorsdidnotrevealthetruthtohim.A.hideB.handleC.discloseD.establishHetriedtoassemblehisthoughts.A.clearB.shareC.gatherD.spareThelawcarriesapenaltyofuptothreeyearsinprison.A.messageB.punishmentC.guiltD.obligationPrisonerswerekeptinthemostappallingconditions.A.flexibleB.terribleC.reasonableD.seriousTheseproductsareinferiortothosewebroughtlastyear.A.poorerthanB.narrowerthanC.largerthanD.richerthanThepoliticalsituationintheregionhasdeterioratedrapidly.A.improvedB.changedC.worsenedD.developedTherewasasimultaneoustrialtakingplaceinthenextbuilding.A.coexistingB.fairC.fullD.pubicThey'repetitioningforbetterfacilitiesforthedisabledonpublictransport.A.requestingB.planningC.preparingD.lookingHesaidsomeharshwordsabouthisbrother.A.unkindB.properC.normalD.unclearWewereattractedbythelureofquickmoney.A.amountB.supplyC.sumD.temp第2部分:閱讀判斷（第16-22題,每題1分,共7分）下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A:如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B;如果該句的信息問中沒有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。LivingHistoryatJamestownSettlementAwomaninNativeAmericanclothesissittinginthesun,sewingadressfromskin.Insideabuilding,acolonistismakingawoodenchair,usingverysimpletools.Andallaround,touristsaretakingpictureswiththeirdigital（數(shù)碼的）cameras.ThisisJamestownSettlementtoday.Jamestown,Virginia,wasoneofthefirstplacesintheworldwherepeoplefromEurope,America,andAfricacametogetherin1608.Today,itisalivinghistorymuseum,wherechildrenandadultscometoexperiencehistory.Inalivinghistorymuseum,actorswearclothesfromthepastanddemonstratemanyoftheactivitiesofdailylifebackthen.Theactorsalsotalktothevisitorsandexplaineverythingtheydo.AtaLivingHistorymuseum,therearealwaysmanythingstotouch,hear,andsmellVisitorsatJamestownSettlementcanwalkthroughcopiesofthethreesmallsailingshipsthatcarriedcoloniststoVirginiaandevenliedowninacolonist'sbed.Thecolonistsstayedonthecrowed,dangerousshipsformorethanfourmonths.WhentheygottoVirginiatheybuiltanareaofhouseswithahighwallarounditintodaysfort（堡壘），youcanseehouses,achurch,andevenagardenwithfoodsthatthecolonistsate.Womeninlongdressesworkinsidetheirhomes,andvisitorscanhelpthemwiththeirsewingandcooking.ThereisalsoanIndianVillageatJamestownSettlement,anditlooksverydifferentfromthefort.ItshowshowtheIndianslivedinlonghousesandgrewcornandothercropsinlargefields.Actorstheremakepottery（陶器）andteachvisitorshowtoplayIndiangames.YoucanevenhelpthemmakeanIndianboatfromatree.TodaythelivinghistorymuseumofJamestownisverypopular,especiallywithchildrenandfamilies.Peoplecomeheretohavefun,butalsotolearn.Manyschoolclassesvisittoexperienceoldwaysofgettingthingsdone.Alivinghistorymuseumisthebestwaytounderstandhowpeoplelivedinthepast.TouristsliketotakepicturesinJamestownSettlementtoday.ARightBwrongCNotmentionedinJamestownSettlement,peoplefromthreedifferentculturescametogetherin1608.ARightBwrongCNotmentionedAtalivinghistorymuseum,visitorscannottouchanyofthethingsondisplay.ARightBwrongCNotmentionedThefirstcoloniststoJamestownSettlementwerefromEngland.ARightBwrongCNotmentionedTheactorsworkingatthemuseumexplainwhattheytodothevisitors.ARightBwrongCNotmentionedinJamestown,visitorscanwalkthroughtherealshipsthecolonistsused.ARightBwrongCNotmentionedChildrenandfamiliesenjoyplayingIndiangames.ARightBwrongCNotmentioned第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23-30題，每題1分，共8分)下面的短文后有兩項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中未第2~5段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題;(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。TeachingIs“OneoftheLeastPopularJobsintheUK ”TheUKgovernmenthasjustpublishedareportonthefutureofsecondary-schoolteaching(pupilsaged11~16),andtheconclusionofthereportisthatmanysecondaryschoolsnowfacegreatdifficultiesinfindingpeoplewhowanttobeteachers.Sincethe1980s,thenumberofgraduateswhosaytheywould “seriouslyconsider”teachingasacareerhasfallensharply,from64%in1982tojust17%today.Thereportsuggeststhaturgentactionneedstobetakeninordertoencouragemoreintelligentyounggraduatesintoteaching.Themaindrawbackofsecondaryteaching,accordingtothereport,isthelowsalary.Earningsinteachingaremuchlowerthaninmanyotherjobs,andthismeansthatfewerandfeweryoungpeopledecidetobeteachers.JoanneManners,24isagoodexample.graduatedinmathslastyear,andIwasthinkingofdoingateachertrainingcoursetobecomeamathsteacher —butwhenIlookedintothedetails,itbecameclearthatteachingisn 'taverylucrative(賺錢的)jobthesedays.IsawIcouldearntwiceasmuchifIworkedinmarketingoradvertising,andsoIdecidednottobecomeateacher. ”It'snotjustaboutthemoney,however.Thesurveyconcludedthatanotherreasonwhypeopledon 'twanttobeteachersisthatsometeenagersbehaveverybadlyinschool.Alotofschoolshaveproblemswithdiscipline,anditseemsclearthatchildrendonothavethesamerespectforteachersasinthepast.Here 'stheviewofDaveHallam,anaccountantfromLondon:”Ithinkparentsaretoblame.Theyshouldhavestricterruleswiththeirchildrenathomeandalsoteachtheirchildrentohavemorerespectforteachers. ”“Itmakesmefeelsoproud.”SaysBrianJones,whoworksinasecondaryschoolinLondon.Sowhatdoeshethinkthegovernmentshoulddotoencouragemorepeopletobecometeachers? ”“Myviewisthatthegovernmentshouldreducetheburdenofworkonteachers.IfindthatIalwayshavetoomuchworktodo. ”Thereportisclearthattheproblemofteachershortageisaveryseriousone.Itsaysthatthegovernmentshouldraiseteachers 'paysignificantly,tocatchupwithworkersinotherprofessions.Italsosuggeststhatthegovernmentcouldlaunchanationwidepublicitycampaign,withsomeadvertisementsonTVandinthenewspapers,toshowthepositivesidesofteachingtoyoungpeople.Anothersolutioncouldbesetamaximumnumberofhoursperweekthatteacherscanwork,inordertoreducestressonteachers. “Hopefully,”thereportconcludes,“thesesolutionscanimprovethepoorimageofsecondaryteaching,andincreasethenumberofyoungpeoplewhowanttobecometeachersinthefuture.【題干】Paragraph1 Paragraph2 Paragraph3 Paragraph4 【選項(xiàng)】Students'badbehaviorandlackofdisciplineImprovementofchildrenbehaviorHeavyworkloadonteachersTheproblemoflowsalaryAreportonteachershortageAnationwidepublicitycampaign【題干】MoreandmoreyoungpeopleareheldbackfromTOC\o"1-5"\h\zteaching .Parentsareencouragedtobacktheteacherupwhenthereare Thegovernmentshouldreducetheworkloadonteacherstoease .Thegovernmentshouldpromoteteachingasacareerbyadvertising .【選項(xiàng)】ItsbenefitsTheirchildhoodmemoriestheirstressmoretrainingdisciplineproblemsbecauseofitslowpay第4部分閱讀理解（第31-45題，每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。第一篇WhyBuyShade-GrownCoffee?Whenpeopleargueaboutwhethercoffeeisgoodforhealth,they'reusuallythinkingofthehealthofthecoffeedrinker.Isitfoodforyourheart?Doesitincreasebloodpressure?Doesithelpyouconcentrate?However,coffeeaffectsthehealthofthehumanpopulationinotherways,too.Traditionally,coffeebusheswereplantedunderthecanopy（ 樹冠）oftallerindigenous（土生土長(zhǎng)的）trees.However,moreandmorefarmersinLatinAmericaaredeforestingthelandtogrowfull-suncoffees.Atfirst,thisincreasesproductionbecausemorecoffeebushescanbeplantediftherearen'tanytrees.Withincreasedproductioncomeincreasedprofits.Unfortunately,deforestingforcoffeeproductionimmediatelydecreaseslocal-wildlifehabitat.Nativebirdsnestandhidefrompredators（捕食者）inthetalltreesandmigratingbirdsrestthere.Furthermore,inthelongterm,thefull-sunmethodalsodamagestheecosystembecausemorechemicalfertilizersandpesticidesareneededtogrowthecoffee.Thefertilizersandpesticideskillinsectsthateatcoffeeplant,butthenthebirdseatthepoisonedinsectsandalsodie.Thechemicalskillorsickenotheranimalsaswell,andcanevenenterthewaterthatpeoplewilleventuallydrink.Fortunately,farmersinCentralandSouthAmericaarebeginningtogrowmorecoffeebushesintheshade.Wecansupportthesefarmersbybuyingcoffeewithsuchlabelsas"shadegrown"and"birdfriendly.Sure,thesevarietiesmightcostalittlemore.Butwe'repayingforthehealthofthebirds,theland,ourselves,andtheplanet.Ithinkit'sworthit.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?Farmersarechangingthewaytheygrowcoffee.Coffeeisbecomingmoreexpensivetoproduce.Shade-growcoffeeismoreexpensivethansun-growcoffee.Peopleshouldbuyshade-growncoffee.Thefunctionoftheword"Traditionally"inParagraph2istoshow thepositiveeffectsofcoffee.achangeofcoffeegrowth.somethingthatisthemostimportant.howcoffeeproductionusedtobe.Whatdoesincreasedproductionoffull-suncoffeebringabout?Moreinsects.Betterqualitycoffee.Largerfarms.Higherprofits.Howdofarmersfindmorelandforgrowingfull-suncoffee?Theybuymorelandfromotherfarmers.Theycutdowntrees.Theymovetoanothercountry.Theyturngrasslandintofarmland.Thefull-sunmethodmayaffectthefollowingEXCEPT fullsuninsects.air.birdshumans第二篇WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguageAnanimalthatinfluencedscientificthoughthasdied.AchimpanzeenamedWashoeandborninAfricadiedofnaturalcauseslatelastmonthattheageof42ataresearchcenterintheAmericanstateofWashington.WashoehadbecomeknowninthescientificcommunityandaroundtheworldforherabilitytouseAmericanSignLanguage.Shewassaidtobethefirstnon-humantolearnahumanlanguage.Herskillsalsoledtodebateaboutprimatesandtheirabilitytounderstandlanguage.ResearchscientistsAllenandBeatrixGardnerbeganteachingWashoesignlanguagein1966.In1969,theGardnersdescribedWashoe'sprogressinascientificreport.ThepeoplewhoexperimentedwithWashoesaidshegrewtounderstandabout250words.Forexample,Washoemadesignstocommunicatewhenitwastimetoeat.Shecouldrequestfoodslikeapplesandbananas.Shealsoaskedquestionslike,"Whoiscomingtoplay?"OncethenewsaboutWashoespread,manylanguagescientistsbeganstudiesoftheirownintothisnewandexcitingareaofresearch.Thewholedirectionofprimateresearchchanged.However,criticsarguedWashoeonlylearnedtorepeatsignlanguagemovementsfromwatchingherteachers.Theysaidshehadneverdevelopedtruelanguageskills.Evennow,therearesomeresearcherswhosuggestthatprimateslearnsignlanguageonlybymemory,andperformthesignsonlyforprizes.YetWashoe'skeepersdisagree.RogerFoutsisaformerstudentoftheGardeners.HetookWashoetoaresearchcenterinEllensburg,Washington.There,Washoetaughtsignlanguagetothreeyoungerchimpanzees,whicharestillalive.ScientistslikeprivateresearcherJaneGoodallbelieveWashoerprovidednewinformationaboutthementalworkingsofchimpanzees.Today,therearenotasmanyscientistsstudyinglanguageskillswithchimps.Partofthereasonisthatthiskindofresearchtakesaverylongtime.Debatecontinuesaboutchimpsunderstandingofhumancommunication.Yet,onethingissure-WashoechangedpopularideasaboutthepossibilitiesofanimalintelligenceTheGardeners'experimentwithWashoe beganin1969wonabigprizelastedthreeyearsinfluencedprimateresearchThesecondparagraphmainlydiscusses areportaboutWashoe 'sprogressinlearningsignlanguagethewholedirectionofprimateresearchnewprimateresearchesconductedbymanylanguagescientificanexperimentwithWashoeataresearchcenterinAfrica.TheGardeners'experimentwithWashoewascriticizedbecause .justasksomesimplequestiononlycopyteachers'signlanguageonlymemorizeabout250wordsjustrepeatshortsentences.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?RogerFoutstaughtsignlanguagetothreeyoungerchimpanzees.WashoewasthefirstchimptouseAmericanSignLanguageAchimpanzeediedofnaturalcausesinAfricaataresearchcenterNowadaystherearestilllotsofscientistsexperimentingwithchimpanzeesWecandrawaconclusionfromthelastparagraphthat .WhetherchimpscanlearnahumanlanguageremainsunansweredprimatehavetheabilitytospeakalanguageanimalscannotlearnahumansignWashoeisasintelligentashumans第三篇ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEnglandAmoderateearthquakestruckpartsofsoutheastEnglandon28April2007,topplingchimneysfromhousesandrousingresidentsfromtheirbeds.SeveralthousandpeoplewereleftwithoutpowerinKentCounty.Onewomansufferedminorheadandneckinjuries."Itfeltasifthewholehousewasbeingslidacrosslikeafun-fairride,"saidthewoman.TheBritishGeologicalSurveysaidthe4.3-magnitudequakestruckat8:19a.m.andwascenteredundertheEnglishChannel,about8.5milessouthofDoverandneartheentrancetotheChannelTunnel.Witnessessaidcracksappearedinwallsandchimneyscollapsedacrossthecounty.Residentssaidthetremorhadlastedforabout10to15seconds."Iwaslyinginbedanditfeltasifsomeonehadjustgotupfrombednexttome."saidHendrickvanEck,27,ofCanterburyabout60milessoutheastofLondon."Ithenheardthesoundofcracking,anditwasgettingheavierandheavier.Itfeltasifsomeonewasattheendofmybedhoppingupanddown."Therearethousandsofmoderatequakesonthisscalearoundtheworldeachyear,buttheyarerareinBritain.TheApril28quakewasthestrongestinBritainsince2002whena4.8-magnitudequakestruckthecentralEnglandcityofBirmingham.Thecountry'sstrongestearthquaketookplaceintheNorthSeain1931,measuring6.1ontheRichterscale.BritishGeologicalSurveyscientistRogerMussonsaidthequaketookplaceon28AprilinanareathathadseenseveralofthebiggestearthquakesevertostrikeBritain,includingonein1580thatcauseddamageinLondonandwasfeltinFrance.MussonpredictedthatitwasonlyamatteroftimebeforeanotherearthquakestruckthispartofEngland.However,peopleshouldnotbescaredtoomuchbythisprediction,Mussonsaid,asthemodernearthquakewarningsystemofBritainshouldbeabletodetectaforthcomingquakeandannounceitseveralhoursbeforeittakesplace.Thiswouldallowtimeforpeopletoevacuateandreducedamagetotheminimum.ThebiggestearthquaketookplaceinBritain .Ain1931Bin1580Cin2002Din2007Theword“collapsed”inparagraph4mostprobablymeans .FellapartFlewoffShookupBlewoutThephrase“thisscale”inparagraph6refersto 4.8-magnitudequake4.3-magnitudequake5.8ontheRicherscaleD6.1ontheRicherscaleThefollowingstatementsaretrueExcept thequakecausedapowerfailureinKentCountrythetremorlastedfor10-15seconds.peopleinCanterburyfeltstrongquakethequakewascenteredundertheChannelTunnel.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthat moderateearthquakesoftenstrikeLondoninthehistoryearthquakewarmingsystemofBritaincanpredicttheforthcomingquakeanotherearthquakeispredictedtooccurinEnglandtheFrenchalsofelttheearthquaketakingplaceon28,April第5部分補(bǔ)全短文（第46-50題，每題1分，共5分）下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)原貌。SavingaCity'sPublicArtAvoidingtrafficjamsinLosAngelesmaybeimpossible,butthecity'scolorfulfreewaymurals（壁畫）canbrighteneventheworstcommute.Paintingsthatdepict（描述）famouspeopleandhistoricalscenescoverofficebuildingsandfreewaywallsallaccessthecity.Withacollectionofmorethan2,000murals,LosAngelesistheunofficialmuralcapitaloftheworld.Butthecombinationofgraffiti（ 涂鴉）,pollution,andhotsunhasleftmanyL.A.muralsinterriblecondition. （46）inthepast,expertssay,littleattentionwasgiventocaringforpublicart.Artistswereevenexpectedtomaintaintheirownworks,notaneasytaskwithcarsracingbyalongthefreeway. (47)Theworkstartedin2003.Sofar,16wallshavebeenselectedandmoremaybeaddedlater.Untilabout1960,publicmuralsinLosAngeleswererare.Butinthe1960sand1970s,youngL.A.artistsbegantostudyearly20th-centuryMexicanmuralpainting (48)ThemostfamousmuralinthecityisJudithBaca's"TheGreatWall,"a13-foot-high(4-meter-high)paintingthatrunsforhalfamile(0.8kilometer)inNorthHollywood, (49)ittookeightyearstocomplete—400underprivilegedteenagerspaintedthedesigns —andisprobablythelongestmuralintheworld.OneofthemuralsthatwillberestorednowisKentTwitchell's"SeventhStreetAltarpiece."whichhepaintedfortheLosAngelesOlympicsin1984. (50)Twitchellsaid,"itwasmeantasakindofgatewaythroughwhichthetravelertoL.A.mustdrive.Theopenhandsrepresentpeace."Artistsoftencallmuralsthepeople'sart.Alongabusyfreewayorhiddeninaquietneighborhood,muralscanteachpeoplewhowouldneverpaymoneytoseefineartinamuseum,"Muralsgiveavoicetothesilentmajority,"saidoneartist.Thecitytryingtostopthespreadofgraffiti,haspaintedoversomeofthemuralscomplete.ThisstrikingworkdepictstwopeoplefacingeachotheronoppositesidesofthefreewayneardowntownLosAngeles.ArtistslikemuralsbecausetheyliketheworkofMexicanartists.Nowthecityisbeginningahugeprojecttorestorethecity'smurals.ThemuralrepresentsthehistoryofethnicgroupsinCalifornia.Soon,theirmuralsbecameasymbolofthecity'sculturalexpressionsandashowcaseforL.A.'sculturaldiversity.第6部分：完形填空(第51~65題，每題1分，共15分)下面短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)TheInternetHouseAleadingBritishbuildinganddesigncompanyhasjustannouncedtheirplansforthehomeofthefuture.Thenewdesign, (51)asthe“InternetHouse,hasfivebed