新概念英語聽課筆記

新概念英語聽課筆記新概念英語聽課筆記新概念英語聽課筆記xxx公司新概念英語聽課筆記文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設計，管理制度新概念英語聽課筆記主講老師：屈慧貞使用教材：新概念英語第二冊QQ:654409503概述：1Vocabulary2GrammarUnit1句子結構；事態(tài)語態(tài)Unit2定語從句；同位語從句Unit3非謂語動詞；獨立主格Unit4倒裝；虛擬語氣3Listeningandspeaking5ReadingandWriting6Assistanceinexaminations詞類：1名詞2動詞3形容詞4副詞5介詞6冠詞7代詞8數(shù)詞9連詞10嘆詞基本句型：主語+不及物動詞Thetelephonerang.主語+系動詞+表語Igotveryangry.主語+及物動詞+賓語ILoveanimals.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語Heisfindingthistripveryexciting.主語+及物動詞+雙賓語HelenteabookHelentabooktome.詞匯：Private–adj.1個人的；私人的2私營的；私立的同義詞：personal反義詞：Public–adj.公開的；公共的；公立的短語：inpublic（公開地）inprivate（私下里；單獨地）Seat–n.座位（抽象的作為）vt.使就坐短語：Have/Takeaseat,pleaseIsthisseattaken?Seatoneself常用beseated形式：Shewasseatedatthetable.辨異：bench長椅couch沙發(fā)Angry生氣Grouchy不高興的Cross/annoyed(angry)生氣的Mad/furious-adj.狂怒的；暴怒的Areyoumadatme,orsomething你生我氣了嗎？Attention注意短語：PayattentiontoPaygreatattentionto非常注意Paynoattentionto一點不注意Bear1.v忍受；容忍2.v生育例句：Icanbearyou.注意：bear表示“生育”用于被動語態(tài)是，過去分詞用born而不是borne.同義詞：Stand;PutupwithBusiness–n.事；事情例句：ItisnoneofyourbusinessMindyourownbusinessThatismybusiness其他搭配：GotothetheatreGotothecinemaGotoschool’GotohospitalGotochurch去做禮拜BeinterestedinIwasinterestedintheplainTakean/greatinterestin對XXX感興趣（書面語）Enjoydoingsth(enjoy享受)Ayoungcouple一對年輕情侶Aheadof(動態(tài)概念)9/8/20091:07:13PMGive、lead、send接雙賓語Find、make、feel可接賓補副詞一般不作賓補Get、become、turn變得Turnaround、round轉身Lookat可以當成及物動詞詞組Notice強調(diào)感官注意到Playattentionto心理上重視Intheend（不用于句子中）=atleast=finallyAgain=onceagain=oncemore=onemoretimeLesson2Until1.Prep直到2.conj直到Wetalkeduntilmidnight.WetalkeduntiltherainstoppedNot……until……到**時才/再From……until……從……到……FromMondaytoFridayMondaythroughFridayTill……（不用于句首）upto……Sofar=untilnow=uptonowSofarsogood直到現(xiàn)在一切都好Ringv.（鈴，電話等）響。n.戒指，指環(huán)狀物rangrung可當及物與不及物JustthenthetelephonerangPleaseringthebellifyouneedhelpRingabell有印象，依稀記得Itdoesnotringabellwithme.Iwillring/callyoutonightIwillgivearing/calltonightAuntn.姑，姨，嬸子，舅母Unclen.叔，伯，姑父，姨夫Nephewn.侄子，外甥Niecen.侄女，外甥女Cousinn.堂兄弟姐妹，表兄弟姐妹Brunchn.早午飯It虛主語，多指時間，天氣，環(huán)境，距離It’soneo’clockIt’scold/hottodayIt’sdarkoutsideIt’s2milesfrommyhometotheschool時間頻率副詞never/rarely/seldom/sometimes/often/usually/always……副詞再句子中，多位于實意動詞（表示具體動作）之前，助動（do/be/have）和情態(tài)動詞（can/may/must/should/will……）之后YoushouldnevertrusthimDoyoualwaysgetupsolate?Sleeplate睡到很晚才起Gotobedlate睡的很晚Stayup熬夜Stayinbed呆在床上Lieinbed躺在床上Remaininbed躺再床上Sometime一段時間Sometime某個時候Sometimes有時候IwillcallyousometimenextweekIwillbeawayforsometimeThis/that/next/last前面不加介詞Outof反義詞into感嘆句結構一What+a/an(+形容詞)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)（+主+謂）Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!結構二What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞（+主語、謂語）Whatlovelychildren(theyare)!Whatterribleweather(itis)!結構三How+形容詞/副詞（+主語+謂語）Howhandsome(theboyis)!Howbeautiful(thegirlis)!結構四How+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)（+主語+謂語）Howcuteaboy(heis)Howinterestingastory(itis)!現(xiàn)在進行時肯定句S.+be+(am/is/are)+doing否定句S.+be+not+doing一般疑問句Be+S.+doing特殊疑問句疑問句+be+S.+doing表示現(xiàn)在進行的動作表示即將發(fā)生的動作IammovingthisweekendHe’smeetingthemanagertomorrowJustthen=atthatmoment（正在那時）Justadv.剛剛（句子中位置同時間頻率副詞）英式用于現(xiàn)在完成時（如本文）美式用于一般過去時問時間What’stimeisit?

Havegotthetime?Gotthetime?Doyouhavethetime?Lesson3SendV.寄，送（sent,sent）雙賓語SendsthtosbdSendsbdsth郵寄：英：post美:mailSpoilv.損壞、毀掉、寵壞=ruinRuinone’slifeSheisspoiled她被寵壞了。Damagev.損壞（物）Destroyv.徹底摧毀（物）Thebridgewasdamaged/destroyedInjurev.使人受到身體的傷害（事故）Woundv.使人受到刀傷或槍傷Thewounded傷員Hurtv.使人受到身體、精神上的傷害Youhurtmyheart.你傷了我的心。Friendlyadj.有好的、親切的N+ly=adj.像……一樣的Manly有男子氣概的、（女）像男人的Womanly有女子氣概的、像女人的Miserly吝嗇的（misern.守財奴）Cowardly膽小的（cowardn.懦夫）Lendv.借給（lent.lent）區(qū)分：borrowv.借（入）句型：borrowsthfromsbd無borrowsbdsth結構Decisionn.決定句型：、MakeadecisionReachadecisionArriveatadecisionCometoadecisionShemadeadecisiontomarrytheyoungman.同義：Decidetodo……Makeupone’smindtodo下定決心ImadeupmymindtostudyabroadSingle1.Adj.唯一的、單一的2.Adj.單身的，未婚的。=availableAsinglebed單人床Asingleticket(美用aone–wayticket)單程票Doubleadj.兩個的、雙倍的Adoublebed/roomThirdadj.三個的、三倍的Engaged訂婚的Married結婚的Divorced離婚的過去時時間過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)過去一段時間內(nèi)的習慣，反復發(fā)生的動作結構一般動詞。S(主語)+Ved(動詞一般過去式)否定：s+didn’tv(原型)疑問：did+s+v(原型)……

be動詞s（主語）+was/were否定：s+wasn’t/weren’t疑問：was/were+s……

補充：一般過去式經(jīng)常和表示過去時間的狀語連用如:yesterday;lastweek;twoyearsago;in1999等。9/8/200910:07:01PMIt’sGreektome我一點也聽不懂。Everydaylife日常生活Thinkof原來不知道，但是現(xiàn)在想到了想到Thinkabout想著Pass=goby=flyHowtimeflies!時間過的真快??！Bysthforsbd=bysbdsth用for的：buymakedofindcall(Iwillcallataxiforyou.)Spend……onsthSpend……（In）Allday=thewholedayPay錢tosbdforsthLesson4Excitingadj.令人興奮的ExcitingnewsIfoundthegameveryexcitingExcitedadj.感到興奮的TheexcitedaboutExciteexcitementInterestinginterestedSurprisingsurprisedSatisfyingsatisfiedReceivev.接受、受到、得到Receivealetter/agiftReceivegoodeducationReceiveawarmwelcomeReceive……from……Ireceivedaletter/aphonecallfrommymotherthismorning.Get=receiveIgotaletter/aphonecallfrommymotherthismorning.Sendv.寄、送acceptv.接受（更強調(diào)主觀上的接受）Isenthimagift,buthedidn’treceiveit.Ireceivedaninvitation,butIdidn’tacceptit.Differentadj.不同的AisdifferentfrombAisdifferentthanb(am.e)SameAisthesameasba和b相同Indifferentadj.冷漠的Heisindifferenttoallpeople.Indifferencen.冷漠Loveme,orhateme,butshownoindifference.Abroadadv.到國外、在國外Goabroad出國LiveabroadStudyabroadTravelabroadForeignadj.國外的Overseasadj.&adv.大洋彼岸的Foreign/overseasstudentsWorkoverseas/abroadAboardadv.上船、車、飛機，在船、車、飛機上Allaboard全體上車Welcomeaboard！歡迎加盟現(xiàn)在完成時的構成肯：S.+have/has+done否：S.+haven’t/hasn’t+done疑：have/has+S.done使用條件：1表示一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。2動作在過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生，但對現(xiàn)在的影響依然存在，二具體發(fā)生時間不明，一旦有具體發(fā)生的時間，就必須用一般過去時?，F(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞：句子中出現(xiàn)下列時間狀語常常提示我們應該使用現(xiàn)在完成時：Just(英式),lately,recently,yet,already,ever,never,sofar,uptonow,before,for…,since…,…同位語（appositive）：如果一句話中兩個句子成分所指內(nèi)容相同，則后者成為前者的同位語。JohnSmith,afriendofmine,hasjustcalled.主系表表語：補充說明主語，常由名詞；形容詞；副詞；介賓或句子組成。注意：不可延續(xù)性動詞不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。Die,marry,come,arrive,leave,go,finish,buy,etc.Mydoghasdiedforthreeyears.×Mydoghasbeendiedforthreeyears.Workfor+公司W(wǎng)orkas+職務+for+公司Heisworkingasanengineerforabigfirm.I’mworkingasanEnglishteacherforneworientalschool.表示“已經(jīng)……”在肯定句中用“already”多位于句中；在否定和疑問句中用“yet”，（否定句中翻譯為“還（沒有）……”）多位于句尾。Anumberof…一些；若干……Agreatnumberof…大量的……Leaveto把某物遺贈給某人Leavefor為某人留下什么Flyto=byplane/airGoto…inahurry=hurryto匆忙的Beforeadv.以前（單獨使用，位于句尾，現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)標志詞之一）Agoadv.…以前(不能單獨使用，用于一般過去時)IsawhimtwodaysagoFind+賓語+賓補覺得、認為某人某物……Ifindthebookveryuseful.Ifindthegirlcleveranddiligent.IfindEnglishdifficultbutveryinteresting.Mary在英國住了三年MaryhaslivedinEnglandfor3yearsMary還沒有去英國Maryhasn’tgonetoEnglandyet.Mary以前從來沒有去過英國MaryhasneverbeentoEnglandbefore.區(qū)分havegoneto/havebeentoInthisway=bythismeansBytheway順便問一下，對了Onthe/one’swayto…去……的路上Onthe/mywaytoworkOnthe/mywayhomeInthe/one’sway擋（某人的）路Thereisamotorcycleinmyway/onmywaytothestation.Inaway從某種程度上講。Inaway,heisverysuccessful.Lesson6定冠詞aantheA/an不定冠詞，只修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。The定冠詞，可修飾任何名詞。A/an用于第一次出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn)的人或物前，用a還是an取決于后面單詞的第一個音標；如是元音用an，輔音用a。定冠詞the常見的三種用法1用于特指的人或物前Thewatchismine.2用于世界上獨一無二的事物前Thesun/earth/moonTheGreatWallTheEuropeanUnion3用于上文中提到過的人或物前地理名詞（江河海山川等<湖例外>）前要加定冠詞the，如：TheThamesTheRockyMountainsThePacificOceanTheMiddleEast湖前常不加定冠詞：LakeGeneva日內(nèi)瓦湖但人名國家名城市名前一半不加冠詞。少數(shù)國家例外，如：TheUnitedStatesTheUnitedKingdomThePeople’sRepublicofChina拿首字母代替一般可以不加the，但是全寫要加。ThePhilippinesTheNetherlandsTheDemocraticPeople’sRepublicofKorea朝鮮民主主義共和國表示很多個同名同姓的人中的一個時，人名之前需要加a/an。表示事物種類的方法一不可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞二可數(shù)名詞有三種形式1名詞復數(shù)2the+單數(shù)名詞3a/an+單數(shù)名詞Horsesarebeautifulanimals.ThehorseisabeautifulanimalAhorseisabeautifulanimal.Lession7Expectv.期待、等待Iamexpectingapresentfromhim.Ididn’texpectthatyoucamesoearly.Expectsbdtodosth期待某人做某事ExpectsthtobedoneIstillexpectthepolicetofindmybag.Istillexpectybagtobefoundbythepolice.Valuableadj.貴重的，寶貴的AvaluableringValuableadviceDon’twasteyourvaluabletime.Valuen.價值Valuelessadj.一錢不值的Invaluable價值高的無法估計的，值錢的。Pricelessadj.無價的，值錢的Precious寶貴的Diamondn.鉆石閱讀詞匯（了解詞匯）Ruby紅寶石Emerald綠寶石Sapphire藍寶石Platinum鉑金Stealv.偷（stole,stolen）Stealsth(fromsbd)Athiefstolemybag(fromme)Robv.搶Robsbd/sp(ofsth)Arobberrobbedmeofmybag.要點：steal的賓語是東西，rob的賓語是人或地點。HiswalletwasstolenHishousewasrobbedGuardn.1警戒，首位2警衛(wèi)員Beonguard很警惕，在站崗Twomenareonguardatthegate.Beoffguard不警惕Catchsbdoff-guard讓某人很驚訝Yourarrivalreallycaughtmeoff-guard.Bodyguardn.保鏢Lifeguardn.救生員Safeguardv.保護，捍衛(wèi)Punctual準時的Punctuality準時過去進行時態(tài)時間：表示過去某時或末階段正在進行的動作。結構：S+was/were+doing…否定:S+wasn’t/weren’t+doing疑問：Was/were+S+doing…

過去進行時經(jīng)常用于、when、while及as引導的時間狀語從句中。WhileIwassleeping,thetelephonerang.YesterdaywhenIwaswalkingdownthestreet,ImetSusan.Callthepolice打電話報警Gotothepolice去報警Tellpolice報警Trytodo努力去做Trydoing嘗試做某事以下詞類不用于進行時態(tài)1短暫性動詞。2靜態(tài)動詞。Love/have/exist/think/understand區(qū)分Theother另一個（指兩個中另一個）Hecameinwithanappleinonehandandanorangeintheother.Another另一個（多指三個以上中）Givemeanotherone.Ineedanothertwodays.Others代詞，常用語some…(the)others結構Somepeoplecamebackwhiletheothersdidn’tOther其他的，常作形容詞。OtherstudentsWhereismyothershoe?Therest其他的，其余的。Toone’s+N.Befullof裝滿了，充滿了Befilledwith充滿著動詞短語賓語的位置及物動詞詞組的賓語若是名詞可放中間可放末尾，若是代詞只能放中間；不及物動詞詞組的賓語無論名詞代詞只能放末尾。Lesion8Competitionn.1比賽、競賽2競爭AchesscompetitionAbeautycompetitionCompetitioninthemarketCompetewith…與……競爭比賽Competitorn.競爭者，對手Competitiveadj.競爭性的Competitivenessn.競爭力China’scompetitivenessininternationalmarketsMatch/game2名運動員或2支球隊的比賽Aball/boxingmatch/gameContest由裁判打分的比賽Abeauty/singing/dancingcontestRace競速比賽Acar/swimming/horseraceTheOlympicGamesPathn.小路，小徑Thepathtosuccess/victory/freedom…Road泛指道路Street城市里的街道Avenue/boulevard林蔭大道（多用于街道的名字）FifthAvenueChang’anBoulevardHighway城市間的公路Motorway/freeway高速路Expressway高速路形容詞的比較級最高級英語中大多數(shù)形容詞副詞有三種形式：原級、比較級、最高級。比較級，最高級變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，單音節(jié)詞和以y結尾的雙音節(jié)詞詞尾加-er構成比較級，加-est構成最高級。一般情況+-er/esthardharderhardest以-e結尾+r/-stlargelargerlargest以輔音字母+y結尾把y變成i再加-er/estbusybusierbusiest以一個元音字母+一個輔音字母結尾比較級最高級變化規(guī)則2多音節(jié)詞（通常大于等于兩個音節(jié)）的比較級最高級分別為：More+原級themost+原級原級比較級最高級GoodwellbetterbestBadbadlyillworseworstMuchmanymoremostLittlelessleastFarfarther(具體的遠)farthest（具體的遠）Further（抽象的遠）furthest(抽象的遠)Oldolderelderoldesteldest形容詞最高級前必須加the，副詞最高級前的the可以省略。在表示范圍的詞前加In，在表示群體的詞前加of或among。Mr.YuistherichestmaninBeijing.ThegirlspeaksEnglish(the)bestof/amongus.Enterforsomething報名參加比賽、考試Signupforsomething報名參加課程Nearly100studentssignedupfortheEnglishcourse.Joinin/takepartin/participateinsomething參加（活動、比賽、會議等）Joinsomething參加某個組織Winwonwon贏得……Wefinallywonthegame.Ifinallywonhisheart.BeatbeatbeatenDefeatdefeateddefeatedWefinallybeat/defeatedthatteam.形容詞副詞比較級+than…1MaryismorebeautifulthanJane.2MaryismorebeautifulthanJaneis.Grow/raisesomething種植（花、蔬菜、水果、莊家……）Raisesomething還可表示“養(yǎng)殖家禽、家畜”Plantsomething種花、種樹（不表示培育）系動詞后可跟形容詞Itgrewdark.天變得黑了Growup長大成人Build=make建造Gardeningisahardjob.Gardeningishardwork.Job可數(shù)work不可數(shù)Thanksfor因為Lesson91n.歡迎v.歡迎adj.受歡迎的Acold/warmwelcomeWereceivedawarmwelcome我們受到熱烈的歡迎Welcome!WelcometoBeijing.Youarewelcome.不客氣：NotatallYouarewelcomeIt’smypleasure.It’snothingDon’tmentionit.Anytime.Sure.Gatherv.聚集Acrowdofpeoplegatheredatthegate.Gathercrops收割莊稼Thedarknessgathered.夜色漸濃Gatherrosebudswhileyoumay花開堪折直須折，莫待無花空折枝。Cometogether到一起來，聚集Collect聚集Refusev.拒絕Refuse+n./pron.Refuse+todo…Sherefusedthegift/present.Ineverrefusetohelpoldfriends.Refusaln.拒絕Hisrefusalhurtsfeelings.Turndown拒絕Don`tturn6medown別拒絕我Sayno(to……)拒絕Hesaidnotoanysuggestions.Declinev.婉言謝絕Hedeclinedtheinvitation.Rejectv.拒絕接受（尤指申請……）Hisapplicationwasrejected.Itonlyacceptsstudentsrejectedbyuniversities.介詞：In/at/onIalwayscallmymomintheevening.IalwayscallmymomonSaturdayevenings.Onacoldwintermorning.OnthenextnightOnawindynightOn+天特定某天的某個時間。NewYear`seve新年前夜ChineseNewYear`seveChristmasEveHalloweenEve萬圣節(jié)前夜Crowd>group/party/band一群（人）Gang一幫（壞人）GangofFour四人幫People=personsStrike–struck–struck(鐘)打點、報時In20minutes在二十分鐘后In+一段時間年、月、四季大地點ThemorningTheafternoonTheeveningAt+時間點小地點NoonNightDawnDuskHearfromsomebody收到某人的來信Hearofsomebody/something聽說SomethinghappenAcaraccidenthappenedtohim.Pastprep./advPassv.Cross/acrossIcrossedthestreet/Iwalkedacrossthestreet.Begintodo=BegindoingStarttodo/doingStoptodo停下來去做一件事stopdoing停下正在做的事Lessons10Keyn.1(琴、打字機、電腦)鍵Keyboard鍵盤2鑰匙、答案、關鍵ThekeytothedoorThekeytothequestionEnglishhasnowbecomeaninternationallanguage.Therefore,ifyouhaveagoodcommandofthislanguage,youholdthekeytosuccessTheanswertothequestionTheentrancetothebuildingThepathtosuccess成功之路ThesolutiontotheproblemShockvt.使震驚（多為不好的事）Shockedadj.感到震驚的Shockingadj.令人震驚的Beshockedat/by…對……感到震驚Shockn.震驚那個消息讓我很震驚:ThenewsshockedmeIwasshockedatthenewsThenewswasshocking(tome)ThenewsgavemeashockShockvt.只指壞的，程度重Surprisevt.可好可壞，程度不重Astonishvt.使驚訝（難以置信）Amazevt.使驚訝（令人迷惑）Amazingadj.棒極了Languageisthemostastonishingbehaviorintheanimalkingdom.Allowsomebodytodo允許某人去做PermitsomebodytodoGivesomebodypermissiontodoForbidsomebodytodo/fromdoingHeisforbiddentoleavethecountryFromleavingthecountryProhibitsomebodyfromdoingBansomebodyfromdoingBan強調(diào)立法禁止被動語態(tài)A+DO+BB+be+done(+bya)被動語態(tài)的不同事態(tài)體現(xiàn)在be動詞上時態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在am/is/are+done一般過去was/were+done現(xiàn)在進行am/is/are+being+done過去進行was/were+being+done現(xiàn)在完成has/have+been+done過去完成had+been+done一般將來will+be+done過去將來would+be+done被動語態(tài)多用于以下場合1不知道動作的執(zhí)行者Thetemplewasbuiltin18002沒必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者Thetempleisbeingrepaired3強調(diào)動作的承受者Brucewashitbyacar比較：AcarhitBruceCallABBemadein在某地制造Bemadefrom由……制造Bemadeof由……制造ThewineismadefromgrapesBemadeinto…被做成……Theclothwasmadeintoadress.BemadeforThecoffeewasmadeforyou.Keepvt.放置（強調(diào)狀態(tài)）Put/placevt.放置（強調(diào)動作）Heput/placedthekeysinhispocket.Healwayskeepsthekeysinhispocket.livingroom客廳sittingroom客廳bathroom廁所restroom公共廁所bedroom臥室kitchen廚房diningroom餐廳garage車庫study書房attic閣樓basement地下室balcony陽臺yard院子storeroom儲藏室guestroom客房BelongtoBelongingsPlaythe+樂器So……that……太……以至于……Afatherofmyfather`s(friends)Oneofmyfather`sfriends（雙重所有格）Lesson12Luckn.幸運、運氣（不可數(shù)）Goodluck!WishmeluckBetterlucknexttime!Luckyadj.幸運的Eightismyluckynumber.Luckyyou!/Luckyme!It`syour/myluckyday!Youshouldthankyourluckystars.Sailv.乘船航行Sailfrom…to…Drivefrom…to…Flyfrom…to…Goto…byboat/ship/car/train/plainGoto…bywater/sea/land/airGoto…onfootProudadj.驕傲的Heisasproudasapeacock.Beproudof…對……感到驕傲Takepridein…對……感到驕傲Prideoneselfon…以……而驕傲Heisproudofhiswork.Hetakesprideinhiswork.Heprideshimselfonhiswork.Modestadj.謙虛的Bemodestabout…對……謙虛Heisverymodestabouthisachievements.Modestyn.謙虛、謙遜Goodbye./Bye./Bye-byeByefornow.Seeyou(later/around/soon)Seeyoulater,alligator.Afterawhile,crocodile.Solong.(很長時間都不會再見了)Ta–Ta一路順風Haveanice/goodtrip/journey!Happylandings!Bonvoyage!一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況肯定句S.+will/shall+do否定句S.+will/shall+not+do或者S.+won`t/shan`t+do疑問句will/shall+S.+doShall只用于第一人稱（Iwe），當代英語多用will代替之。Meetsomebody在約定場所與某人見面See/wavesomebodyoff向某人告別Johnwenttothedoortosee/waveheroff.Say/wavegoodbyetosomebody.Wave/kisssomebodygoodbyeEarlyinthemorning在凌晨IntheearlymorningLateintheafternoon在傍晚InthelateafternoonSailacrosstheAtlantic橫渡大西洋FlyacrosstheEnglishChannel飛躍英吉利海峽動詞+across+賓語Cross+賓語+方式狀語CrosstheAtlanticbyboatCrosstheEnglishChannelbyplaneWalkacrossthecountryCrossthecountryonfoot四大洋TheAtlantic(Ocean)大西洋ThePacific(Ocean)太平洋TheIndianOcean印度洋TheArctic(Ocean)北冰洋啟程、出發(fā)Setout/offStartout/offPlentyof充足的、綽綽有余的（修飾可數(shù)、不可使）Plentyof=enough充足的、足夠的：AmpleAbundantSayhi（to…）向某人問好Saynoto…Saynotodrugs拒絕毒品Lesson13將來進行時態(tài)結構Willbedoing…1表示將來某時將正在做的事。Whatwillyoubedoingat8o`clocktomorrowmorning?

Iwillbesleeping.2表示將要做的事，類似于一般將來，比一般將來更強調(diào)一個動作的有計劃性和安排行。將來進行時尤其用于可預見性的將來或詢問別人的計劃打算時Iwillbegoingabroadnextyear.Willyoubehavingdinnerwithustonight?

洗衣服：DothelaundryWouldyouspeakEnglish

Amusingadj.令人好笑的Amuseadj.感到好笑的Amusev.令……感到好笑Thestoryamusedme.Iwasamusedbythestory.Thestorywasamusing.Amusementn.娛樂、消遣Amusementpark游樂場Experience1.n.經(jīng)歷（c）2.N.經(jīng)驗(u)AhappyexperienceWeshouldlearnfrompastexperience.Experienceisthemotherofwisdom經(jīng)驗是智慧之母Experiencev.經(jīng)歷某事Ihaveneverexperiencesuchathing.Experiencedadj.有經(jīng)驗的AnexperienceteacherLifen.搭便車Give/offersomebodyalift/ride讓某人搭便車，用車順便送某人Asksomebodyforalife/ride請求搭某人的便車Thumb/hitchalift/ride搭某人的便車Hitchhikev.搭便車IhitchhikedtoTianjinduringmysummervacation.Reply/answer/respond辨析Iaskedhimaquestionbuthedidn`treply/answer/respond.Hedidn`treplytomyquestionAnswermyquestionRespondtomyquestion.ThereplytothequestionTheanswertothequestionTheresponsetothequestion過去完成時使用條件：表示動作發(fā)生在過去某時之前，即一定強調(diào)“過去的過去”過去完成時的構成肯定句S.+had+done否定句S.+hadnot/hadn`t+done疑問句Had+S.+doneIn/on/tothesouthof…表示地理方位：In在內(nèi)部On接壤To不接壤Shanghaiisinthesouthofchina.Vietnamisonthesouthofchina.Indonesiaistothesouthofchina.Waveto/at(遠：to近：at)向……揮手Shout/yell幾個接連發(fā)生的動作用and或but連接時多用一般過去時Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandsatdownatthetable.Iaskedhimaquestionbuthedidn`tanswer.Assoonasconj.剛一……就……引導時間狀語從句，位于主句前后均可，當主句用一般過去時時，從句中用一般過去時（更常見）或過去完成時均可。跟在連詞之后的是從句Themoment/minute=assoonas=immediatelyGetinto/outof上、下小汽車Geton/off上、下公車TheytalkedinEnglish/French/Chinese/Spanish…Pleasewriteitinpencil/ink.Hepaidincash/dollars.Hepaidbycheque(check)/creditcard.Apartfrom/asidefrom…除了1除了……之外還有……=beside/inadditionto…HecanspeakEnglishapartfrom/besides/inadditiontoChinese.2除了……，不包括……=except/exceptfor…Weallwentthereapartfrom/exceptjohnExcept/exceptfor1在句首時用exceptfor.Exceptforme,everyonewaslate.2在句子中時，前后若同類用except,前后不同類用exceptfor.IgotoschooleverydayexceptSunday.YourcompositionisgoodexceptforsomewrongwordsThisdressisbeautifulexceptforthebuttons.Neitherof…兩個都不……Noneof…三個以上都不……Bothof…兩個都……Allof…三個以上都……Eitherof…兩個中任何一個……Eachof…三個以上中任何一個……When引導的句子，若主句用過去完成時態(tài)或過去進行時態(tài)，則把when翻譯為：“這時”，為了強調(diào)從句中的動作。Learn(of/about)something.獲悉、得知Lesson15直接引語與間接引語直接引語間接引語都是賓語。直接引語即一字不差地引用別人的話，需放在引號（單引號）內(nèi)；間接引語則是用自己的話轉述別人的話，不用引號。直接引語變間接引語時須注意人稱和時態(tài)的變化：人稱的變化：按照中文作相應的改變。時態(tài)的變化：1若當即轉述別人的話，動詞（如say、tell等）用一般現(xiàn)在時，則直接引語中的時態(tài)不用作任何改變。2若過了一段時間在轉述別人的話，動詞用一般過去時態(tài)（said，told等），則時態(tài)需作如下變化：直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般過去時過去完成時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時情態(tài)動詞對應的過去式賓語從句的時態(tài)需和主句保持一致：1若主句用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，則從句可用任何時態(tài)；2若主句用過去時態(tài)，則從句必須用過去的某種時態(tài)（客觀真理除外）。SaysomethingSaytosomebodySaysomethingtosomebodySay(that)…TellsomebodysomethingParkvi.停放（汽車）Don`tparkyourcarhere.WherecanIpark?

NoparkingNosmoking/nospitting/nofishing/nocamping…Parkn.公園=publicgarden2carpark(停車場)Trafficn.交通；路上的車輛（u）Thereisalotoftrafficontheroad.Thetrafficisveryheavyduringtherushhour.Trafficlight/rules/accident/jam/policeman…Signn.1指示牌Street/roadsignsAno-smokingsign2屬相、星座屬相：animalsign星座：starsignSignature簽名Signfor簽收Signupfor報名參見……課程Remindern.提醒（C）Thisnoteisonlyareminder.Remindvt.提醒，使想起Remindsomebodytodo…提醒某人做……Pleaseremindmetocallmymomthisafternoon.Remindsomebodyof….使某人想起……Youremindmeofoneofmyclassmates.Rubsomebodyof….搶某人的…………Warnsomebodyof…警告某人……Informsomebodyof….通知某人……Convincesomebodyof…說服某人……Failtodo…1忘記，疏忽做某事Ifailedtowashthedishes.2沒能做成某事Theletterfailedtoarrive.Thedoctorfiledtosavetheboy`slife.Failvt./vi.失利、考試不及格Hefailedtheexam.Hefailedintheexam.Failsomebody令……失望=letsomebodydownHefailedhisparentsbecausehefailedtheexam.條件狀語從句If引導的田間狀語從句1真實條件句2非真實條件句（即虛擬語氣）If引導的真實條件句的結構If從句主句現(xiàn)在時態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在進行，現(xiàn)在完成）一般將來時或情態(tài)動詞或祈使句切忌：if從句不能用將來時態(tài)?？谠E：主將從現(xiàn)，主情從現(xiàn)，主祈從現(xiàn)Ifyoumove,Iwillshootyou.Ifheissleeping,don`twakehim.Ifyouhavefinishedthehousework,youcanseethemovie.狀語從句都可以放在主句前、主句后。Ifyoumarryme,Iwillmakeyouhappy.Ifitdoesnotraintomorrowraintomorrow,wecanclimbtheFragrantHills.沒有單數(shù)：PolicepeoplecattleLetsomebodydo讓某人做某事Makesomebodydo使、強迫某人做某事Enjoyone`sstay在……過得愉快（尤其指對外國人、外地人）EnjoyyourstayinBeijing.Payattentionto…Takenoticeof…Cannotcan`tcannotFailtodo沒能……Cannotfailtodo一定能、會……Neverfailtodo總是能、總會……Catsneverfailtofascinatehumanbeings.WheneverIamintrouble,myfriendneverfailstohelpme.May,might,could,must均可表示推測；Must語氣最強，翻譯為：一定，否定需要用can`tMay/might/could/must若表示對過去的推測，后用完成形式。即：musthavedoneYoumusthavebeenillyesterday.Shouldhavedone本來該做，其實沒有做以下情況一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)里have之后可以加got：1擁有2生病3havetoLesson20Catchv.抓住caughtcaughtTheearlybirdcatchestheworm.Catchfire著火Catchabus趕公車Catchacold得感冒Catchsightof……看見……Catchsomebody`seye吸引某人的目光Thatfancycarreallycaughtmyeye.Catchupwith…趕上……Yougofirst.I`llcatchup(withyou).Becaughtin…趕上（壞天氣，塞車等）。Iwascaughtinastorm/trafficjamthismorning.Wasten.浪費Hastemakeswaste欲速則不達It`sawasteof……這是浪費Itisawasteoftime/money/effort/breath…這是浪費時間、金錢、經(jīng)歷、唇舌Wastesomethingon…把……浪費在……Don`twasteyourmoneyonthatjunk.Somethingiswastedonsomebody某人不珍惜某物Youthiswastedontheyoung年輕人虛擲了青春Wasteadj.廢棄的WastepaperWastepaperbasketRealizevt.1意識到，明白……Hehasn`trealizedhismistakeyet2實現(xiàn)=fulfil/fulfillRealizeone`sdream/hope…Lesson21現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作在進行；動名詞作定語表示功能。Bottomsup!舉杯Makeuseof利用Hemadethevestuseofhistalent.MusthavedoneMusthavebeendoneHome/house/familyOffersomebodysomethingOffersomethingtosomebodySomebodybeofferedsomethingSomethingbeofferedtosomebodyProbablymaybeperhaps句子中間句子開頭句子開頭Lesson22Dreamv.做夢，夢想（dreamed或dreamt）n.夢、夢想Ihaveadream.AlIhavetodoisdream.Dreamof/about…Dreamthat…Idreamedofbecomingabillionaire.IdreamedthatIbecomeabillionaire.Dreamadream做了一個夢只有用它本身做賓語時才及物。Idreamedasweetdreamlastnight.Dreamon做夢吧、不可能Dreamboat夢中情人Nightmaren.噩夢Haveanightmare切記：介詞之后出現(xiàn)動詞用動名詞。Lesson25Railwayn.鐵路=railroad(美國)火車站：RailwaystationrailroadstationtrainstationLightrailway(lightrail美國)輕軌Underground(subway美國)地鐵Severaladj.幾個，若干多指三個以上，但不是很多，只修飾可數(shù)名詞。Hecanspeakseverallanguages.Pron.幾個，若干個Severalofushaveseenthemovie.Anumberof類似several,只修飾可數(shù)名詞Some修飾可數(shù)不可數(shù)均行Afew很少幾個，相當于asmallnumberof只修飾可數(shù)Acoupleof一對，一雙，兩三個，只修飾可數(shù)。Wonderv.感到奇怪IwonderedWonderat/aboutIwonderedatseeinghimthere.v.想知道Iwaswonderingifyoucoulddomeafavor.n.奇跡TheSevenWondersoftheWorldWonderfuladj.奇跡般的，棒極了Onlythegooddieyoung好人不長命Prettyface,poorfate紅顏薄命Eventually最終Ultimately最終表示原因：Becauseassincefor(不用于句首)(連詞)Notonly…but…aswellNeither…nor…就近原則Either…or或者……或者……就近原則主謂一致1可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。2oneof,each