2021-2022學(xué)年廣東省揭陽(yáng)市普寧市高一（下）期末英語(yǔ)試卷（附答案詳解）

2021-2022學(xué)年廣東省揭陽(yáng)市普寧市高一（下）期末英語(yǔ)

試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）AWherearePeopleTravelingThisSummer?Asummervacationshouldbethebesttravelofyouryear,anopportunitytoenjoysunshine,exploreexcitingnewdestinations,discovernewculturesandrelaxinfinerestaurants.Herearesomeofthewonderfulplacesyoucanflyforthissummervacation.Takealookatthemandconsiderwhichonesuitsyoubest.FlytoChicagoThereareplentyofreasonstofollowtheirexamplethissummerifyouarelookingforanexcitingcitybreak.VisitorsflocktoNavyPier,abustling1.5mile-longboardwalkthatisfulloffamily-friendlyattractions.FlytoLondonAtransatlantictriptothecapitaloftheUKbringsyoutoacitythatcombinesancienthistorywithalively,modemurbanculture.SummervisitorscanvisitBuckinghamPalace,hometotheQueen,theHousesofParliament,TowerofLondonandothernationalmonuments.FlytoOrlandoAtriptoOrlandothissummerbringsyoutoavacationwonderlandwithafantasticconcentrationoftouristattractions.ConsistentlyoneofthemostpopulardestinationsofthesummeritwillbeinthetoptentraveldestinationsforAmericansthisyear.Choosefromfamily-friendlyOrlandoresortsandthingstodothatincludeUniversalOrlandoResort,WaltDisneyWorldResortandSeaWorldOrlando.FlytoNewYorkSpendyoursummervacationcyclingaroundCentralPark,takingintheviewofManhattanfromtheferrytotheStatueofLibertyorenjoyingcraftbeerandeclecticcuisineinBrooklyn.Thesummerbringsmusicandfilmeventstomanyofthecity'spublicspaces,includingBryantPark,alongsidefoodeventslikeNYCRestaurantWeekattheendofJuly.FeelinglikevisitingBuckinghamPalace,whichplaceshouldyouflyto?A.Chicago.B.London. C.Orlando.D.NewYork.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbedoneifyouflytoNewYork?CyclearoundCentralPark.TakeintheviewofManhattan.Choosefromfamily-friendlyOrlandoresorts.EnjoycraftbeerandeclecticcuisineinBrooklyn.Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanyoureadthetext?A.Citytoursandtips B.HobbiesoftheGermans.C.Lifearoundtheworld. D.Fashionontheearth.BParentseverywherearepraisingoneFloridamomaftersheshowedherdaughtertrueloveearlierthismonthinalessonaboutbeinggrateful.HaleyHasselwasshoppingfbrback-to-schoolsupplies.ShewantedtosurpriseherdaughterPresleighwithapencilcase,whichsheknewherdaughterwouldbehappyabout.Hasselwassurprised,however,whenherlittlegirlthrewthecaseinthegarbageandstormedintoherbedroom,slammingthedoorbehindher."Sheyelled,'That'sstupid.Everyoneinmyclasshasthat...Idon*twantitanymore!,MHasselexplainedinaFacebookpost.Hasselsaidshedidn'timmediatelyreactbecauseshewantedtodealwiththeangerproperly."Sobythetimetherewasprobablysmokecomingoutofmyears,IwastryingreallyhardnottocompletelyloseitwiththiskidwhomIhaveworkedsohardtocompletelytakecareofonmyown,'*shewrote."IthoughtIhadalwaystaughthertobegratefulandknowhowluckyshewas,!HHasselgrabbedaplasticsandwichbag,wrotePresleigh'snameonitandhandedittoher."Itoldhertogetthepencilcaseoutofthetrashandthatwewouldgiveittoonewhosemommyanddaddydon'thavemoneyforanyschoolsuppliesorsomeonewhomaynotevenhaveamommyordaddy.MShecontinued,UIexplainedtohershe'snotentitledto（享有）anythingspecialandsheistakingfbrgrantedhowluckysheis.Sofornowshewillbeusingabagandwillpersonallybedeliveringtheniceboxtoachildthatcouldbenefitfromit.*'WhatdidHassefsdaughterdoaftershereceivedthepencilcase?A.Putitintoherbaghappily. B.Threwthecaseinthegarbage.C.SentHasselagiftinreturn. D.HuggedandkissedHassel.WhatcanweinferfromtheHassefsexplanationsinaFacebookpost?Presleighwasastupid.Presleighhopedforsomethingspecial.Presleighhatedhermothersomuch.Presleighrefusedtoacceptanygiftthathermotherboughther.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceHbutsheneededasmallwakeupcal!"mean?Butsheneededtobuyhersomethingspecial.Butsheneededtocallherdaughtertowakeupeveryday.Butsheneededatimelyremindforherdaughtertobegrateful.Butsheneededtobuyheranalarmclocktowakeherupeveryday.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeHassel?A.Patientandcalm. B.Out-goingandactive.C.Funnyandbrave. D.Hardworkinganddetermined.cTheRussia-Ukraineconflict（俄烏沖突）couldleadtoaglobalfoodcrisis（危機(jī)）thatwillhitdevelopingcountriesthehardest,UnitedNations（UN）Secretary-GeneralAntonioGuterreswarnedinStockholmonWednesday.TheRussia-Ukraineconflictiscreatingsufferingand"mustendnow,'*Guterressaidatapressconferenceafterthemeeting.Healsocalledforswiftdecisionstoresolvethefoodcrisisthatcouldarisefromtheconflict,puttingdevelopingcountriesmostatrisk.Thesituationisfueling"aglobalcrisisforfood,energyandfinance"thatisaffecting"themostvulnerablepopulations,countriesandeconomies,"hewarned."A"perfectstorm1'isthreateningtodestroytheeconomiesofmanydevelopingcountries,*'headded.ThefoodcrisiscannotberesolvedeffectivelyunlessRussia'sfertilizersandfoodproduction,andUkraine'sfoodproductioncanreachworldmarketsagain,heemphasized.AccordingtotheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization（FAO）,RussiaandUkrainearetheworld'slargestandfifth-largestwheatexporters,respectively（分別地）.Together,theyprovide19percentoftheworld'sbarleysupply,!4percentofwheatand4percentofcom,makingupmorethanonethirdofglobalgrainexports.InUkraine,whichisknownasthebreadbasketofEurope,theconflicthasleftunharvestedwheatthatwasplantedmonthsago,whilecomsandsunflowerssown（播種）whentheconflictbrokeoutwereleftunfertilized.ltisestimatedthatUkraine'sgrainproductionmayfallbymorethan50percentinthecurrentseason.Moreover,Russiaistheleadingproduceroffertilizers,accountingfor13percentofglobalproduction.LimitingRussianfertilizerexportsduetotheUS'sanctions（制裁）hasledtoariseinglobalfertilizerprices.ThishasforcedfarmersinBrazil,theUnitedStatesandothermajoragriculturalcountriestoreducetheiruseoffertilizers,whichcouldaffectfutureharvests.WhatistheGuterres,attitudetowardsendingtheRussia-Ukraineconflict?A.Hesitant.B.Disagreed.C.Uncertain.D.Certain.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph6?Foodcrisiswillbecomeabigworry.Priceswillbeabletochangeourfoodpatterns.Cornandwheatwillbethemostimportantfood.Theybothplayanimportantroleingrainexportsintheworld.WhichoneisNOTtheUkraine'sproblemscausedbytheRussia-Ukraineconflict.Theconflicthasleftunharvestedwheat.Comsandsunflowerswereleftunfertilized.LimitingRussianfertilizerexportshasledtoariseinglobalfertilizerprices.Ukraine'sgrainproductionmayfallbymorethan50percentinthecurrentseason.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?HowtoSolvetheFoodCrisisEffectively.TheFoodCrisisCannotBeResolvedEffectively.CallsIncreaseforEndingtheRussia-Ukraineconflict.UNWarnsofPotentialGlobalFoodCrisisDuetoRussia-UkraineConflict.DIfyouthoughtrunningwasjustgreatforthebody,thenthinkagain.Scientistshavefoundthatthesportnotonlykeepspeoplefitbutalsoimprovesyourbrainpower（腦力）.Theresearchfoundthatpeoplewhokeepfitaremorelikelytohavelargerbrains,bettermemoriesandclearerthinking.Theyalsofoundthatunfitpeopletendedtohavesmallerbrainsandreducedcognitiveskills.Thefindingsaddtoagrowingbodyofevidencewhichlinksexercisewithhelpingprotectthebrainagainstageing（老化）andalsohelpingitreplacedyingcells（死細(xì)胞）.ThismightreducetheriskofmanyillnessesanddiseasessuchasAlzheimer's.第4頁(yè)，共21頁(yè)OneresearchpaperwithinitslatestissueseesscientistsatKentuckyUniversityputting30adultsaged59-69onatreadmill（跑步機(jī)）.TheirheartandlungcapacitywasmeasuredandanMRIscannerwasusedtoassessthebloodflowtotheirbrains.Thosewhowerelessfithadsmallerbrainscomparedtothefittervolunteerswhohadlargerbrains.ScientistsinGermanyfollowed21adultsagedbetween60-77.Astheywentthroughathree-monthfitnessprogram,theysawimprovementsintheirmemory.Researchersarenotyetsurewhyexercisehelpstoprotectbraincellsbutsomeresearchinmicehasproducedresults.Mice,examinedattheNationalInstituteonAgeing,inBaltimore,foundthatcellsinthehippocampus（海馬體），anareaofthebrainusedformemory,wereactivelyreproducingwhiletheirfatterpeerswereindecline.LindaClare,professorofclinicalpsychologyofageinganddementiaatExeterUniversityandamemberoftheGlobalCouncilonBrainHealthtoldTheSundayTimes：''Moderateintensityaerobic（有氧的）activitysuchaswalking,cyclingorrunningcanproducechangesinbrainstructureandfunction.1'Whotendtohavelargerbrains,bettermemoriesandclearerthinking?A.Peoplewhoarehealthy. B.Peoplewhoarethin.C.Peoplewhoareunhealthy. D.Peoplewhoarefat.Whatdowelearnfromtheexperimentinparagraph3?Thosewhowerelessfithadlargerbrains.Thosewhowerefitterhadsmallerbrains.Exercisehelpspeopleimprovetheirmemory.Oldpeopledoingexerciseimprovememorybetterthanyoungpeople.AccordtoLindaClare,whatkindofactivitycanNOTproducechangesinbrainstructureandfunction?A.Walking.B.Singing. C.Cycling. D.Running.What'stheauthorspurposeinwritingthetext?Totellyousportimprovesyourbrainpower.Tointroducesomegoodwaystokeephealthy.Toteachyouhowtobestspendtimeindoingsports.Tointroduceseveralwaystoimproveyourmemory.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）HowtoKeepYourPetHealthyYouloveyourpets,andofcourse,youwanttokeepthemhappyandhealthy.Ifsimportanttoprovideagoodenvironment.Also,makesureyourpetsstayshealthy.(1).(21.Dietisthebeginningofkeepingyourpethealthy.Whenyoufirstgetapet,doyourresearchtofindoutthemostsuitabledietanddoyourbesttofollowitstrictly.Forexample,catsarecarnivores,sotrytopickthefoodwiththehighestlevelsofprotein.Provideplentyoffreshwatereveryday.(3).Formostpets,thatmeansprovidingabowlordishofwaterthatyouchangeoutatleastonceaday.Petsneedtostayhydratedtobehealthy.Providebathsasneeded.Bathingkeepsyourpetclean,andforanimalsthatlikewater,itcanmakethemmuchhappiertoprovidebathsasneeded.Howoftenyoubatheyourpetreallydependsonthespecies.(4).Otheranimals,likebirds,mayneedbathsorshowersseveraltimesaweekoreveneveryday.Seeyourveterinarian(獸醫(yī))foracheckupandvaccinations(接種疫苗).Justlikeyouneedtogotothedoctorforregularcheckups,yourpetdoes,too.Providingregularcheckupsallowsyourvettocatchproblemsearlybeforetheydevelopintoworseconditions."(5).Talktoyourvetaboutwhichonesareproperforyourpet.A.ProvideasuitabledietB.ExerciseishealthyforyourpetC.HerearesomewaystokeepyourpetshealthyD.Forexample,dogsoftenneedbathsatleastonceamonthE.Besides,vaccinationscanhelpkeepyourpethappyandhealthyF.Nomatterwhatkindofpetyouhave,itwillneedwaterinsomeformG.Whileyourpetwillplaywithtoysonitsown,itwillenjoyplayingwithyoumuchmore16.A.AEF.FB.BG.Gc.cD.DE.17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.G18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.G

A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E F.FA.AB.BC.CD.DE.E F.FA.AE F.FG.GB.B C.CG.GD.D E.三、完形填空(本大題共15小題，共15.0分)ThesonofMr.Smith,arichneighbor,usedtocometoseetheblacksmith(鐵匠)everydayandforhoursandhourshewouldenjoyhimself(21)howheworked."Youngman,whydon'tyoutryyourhandto(22)tomakeshoetacks(鞋釘)？"saidtheblacksmith."Whoknows,oneday,itmaybeofusetoyou."Thelazyboybegantoseewhathecoulddo.Butafteralittle(23)hefoundthathewasbecomingveryskilled(熟練的)andsoonhewasmakingsomeofthe(24)tacks.OldMr.Smithdiedandthesonlostallhis(25)becauseofthewar.Hehadto(26)homeandwasforcedtoliveinanothercountry.ltsohappenedthatinthis(27)thereweremanyshoemakerswhowerespendingalotof(28)tobuytacksfortheirshoesandevenattimeswhentheypaidhighpricestheywerenotalwaysableto(29)whattheywanted,becauseinthatpartofthecountrytherewasa(30)demandforsoldiers'shoes.YoungMr.Smith,whowasfindingit(31)toearnhisdailybread,rememberedthatonceuponatimehehadlearnedtheartofmakingtacksandhadthesudden(32)ofmakingabargainwiththeshoemakers.Hetoldthemthathewouldmakethetacksiftheywouldhelptogethim(33)hisworkshop.Theshoemakerswereonlytoogladofthe(34).Andafterawhile,YoungMr.Smithfoundthathewassoonmakingthefinesttacksinthevillage.“(35),“heusedtosay,"makingtackscanbringabigfortune.Mytradeismoreusefultomethanallmyformerfortune.M21.A.helpingB.watchingC.spottingD.ignoring22.A.reachB.breakC.learnD.replace23.A.practiceB.adventureC.hesitationD.operation24.A.finestB.worstC.longestD.shortest25.A.breakB.shoesC.benefitD.goods26.A.returnB.escapeC.comeD.leave27.A.villageB.houseC.cityD.town28.A.moneyB.requestC.economyD.emotion29.A.enjoyB.getC.pursueD.desire30.A.positiveB.impossibleC.toughD.high31.A.funnyB.excitingC.difficultD.particular32.A.joyB.ideaC.testD.choice33.A.satisfiedwithB.concernedaboutC.settledinD.experiencedin34.A.helpB.goalC.offerD.attitude35.A.IllegallyB.SurprisinglyC.EventuallyD.Slowly四、語(yǔ)法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)36.ThehomecrowderuptedwhenChina'sEileenGuwonthewomen'sbigairfreeskiinggoldinBeijing.Gu(1)(jump)intothetoppositionwithherthirdrun,scoring94.50.Hertotalscorewas188.25intheevenfsdebutattheWinterOlympics.Guisan18-year-oldgirl(2)isafreestyleskier,modelandgrade-Astudentwith⑶AmericanfatherandaChinesemother.ShegrewupintheUnitedStates.ltwastherethatshegrewtoloveskiing.By2018,shewasrepresentingtheUS(4)theworldcupfbrthesport.Then,shedecidedtoswitchfromrepresentingtheUStorepresentingChina.Thedecisionmadeherfanshockedand(5)(confuse),butGuwasdetermined,(6)(share)herreasoningonInstagramatthetime."Thiswasan⑺(extreme)toughdecisionformetomake...Throughskiing,!hopetounitepeople,promotecommonunderstand)ng,createcommunication,andforge(8)(friendship)betweennations...Pmtryingmybesttomaketheworlda(9)(good)placeinmyownway.*'saidGu.uIfIcanhelptoinspireoneyounggirl(10)(break)aboundary,mywisheswillhavecometrue.11sheadded.五、書(shū)面表達(dá)(本大題共2小題，共40.0分).假定你是李華，2022年9月100,你市將舉辦中秋節(jié)文化活動(dòng)。你校外教Abbott對(duì)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化很感興趣，請(qǐng)你給他寫(xiě)一封信，邀請(qǐng)他一起來(lái)參加，內(nèi)容包括：1.寫(xiě)信目的；2.活動(dòng)時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)；3.活動(dòng)內(nèi)容和意義。注意：(1)詞數(shù)80左右；(2)可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)以使行文連貫。.Lastweek,asIwashavingbreakfastinmytruck,Inoticedaboy,sittingbytheroadwithhisdog.Hewasholdingasignaskingformoneyorfoodtohelpfeedhimandhisdog.Peopledrovepastignoringthem.WhenIfinishedmybreakfast,!decidedtobuysomefoodforthem.AsIwasleaving,!pulledupbesidehimandhandedhimabagofbreakfastandasmallbagofdogfood.Iaskedhimifhewouldbewillingtoworkhardforthepay.HeimmediatelysaidthathecouldbethehardestworkerIhadeverseen.Thenextdayhecarriedwoodaroundandfetchedtoolsformealldaywithoutcomplainingonce.Hisdogsimplyfollowedhim.DuringthedayIlearnedabouthissadexperiences.Whentheboywas15yearsold,hismotherbecamecriticallyill.Hisfather,whotookcareoftheboy'smother,couldnotgoouttowork,andthepoorboyhadtodropoutofschoolbecauseofbeingunabletoaffordhisschooltuition.Beingtooyoung,hefailedtofindajob.hehadtobegnearhishometohelphisparents.Amonthlater,Ipaidhim$2000,thelookonhisfacewaswellworthit.Myaimlessactofkindnessseemedtoputspark(活力)backinhiseyes.注意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。AfterthatIcontinuedtoofferhimsomeworkandpayhim.Tearsofjoyfloodedtheboy'seyes.答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、C、A［解析】（1）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FlytoLondon部分SummervisitorscanvisitBuckinghamPalace,hometotheQueen,theHousesofParliament,TowerofLondonandothernationalmonuments.（夏季游客可以參觀白金漢宮、女王故居、議會(huì)大廈、倫敦塔和其他國(guó)家紀(jì)念館。）可知，如果想?yún)⒂^白金漢宮，你應(yīng)該飛往倫敦。故選B。（2）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)FlytoNewYork部分SpendyoursummervacationcyclingaroundCentralPark,takingintheviewofManhattanfromtheferrytotheStatueofLibertyorenjoyingcraftbeerandeclecticcuisineinBrooklyn.（暑假期間，你可以在中央公園周?chē)T自行車(chē)，欣賞曼哈頓的景色，乘渡輪去自由女神像，或在布魯克林品嘗手工啤酒和各色美食。）可知，如果你飛到紐約，你可以在中央公園周?chē)T自行車(chē)、欣賞曼哈頓的景色并在布魯克林享受手工啤酒和各種美食，文中沒(méi)有提及選擇家庭友好型奧蘭多度假村。故選C。（3）A.文章類(lèi)型題o根據(jù)第一段Asummervacationshouldbethebesttravelofyouryear,anopportunitytoenjoysunshine,exploreexcitingnewdestinations,discovernewculturesandrelaxinfinerestaurants.Herearesomeofthewonderfulplacesyoucanflyforthissummervacation.（暑假應(yīng)該是你一年中最好的旅行時(shí)間，是一個(gè)享受陽(yáng)光、探索令人興奮的新目的地、發(fā)現(xiàn)新文化和在高檔餐館放松的機(jī)會(huì)。這里有一些很棒的地方，你可以在這個(gè)暑假飛到那里去。）可知，本文主要介紹了適合暑假去旅行的一些城市，文章可能出自網(wǎng)站的城市旅游和建議部分。A.Citytoursandtips城市旅游和小貼士；B.HobbiesoftheGermans德國(guó)人的愛(ài)好；C.Lifearoundtheworld世界各地的生活；D.Fashionontheearth地球上的時(shí)尚。故選A。本文是一篇廣告布告類(lèi)閱讀，主要介紹了適合暑假去旅行的一些城市。做這類(lèi)題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)填寫(xiě)出正確答案。4~7.【答案】B、B、C、A【解析】（1）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Hasselwassurprised,however,whenherIttegirlthrewthecaseinthegarbageandstormedintoherbedroom,slammingthedoorbehindher.（然而，當(dāng)她的小女兒把鉛筆盒扔進(jìn)垃圾桶，然后沖進(jìn)臥室，把門(mén)重重地關(guān)上時(shí)，Hassel感到很驚訝。）可知，Hassel的女兒在收到鉛筆盒時(shí)，把鉛筆盒扔進(jìn)了垃圾桶。故選B。B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"Sheyelled,That'sstupid.Everyoneinmyclasshasthat..Idon'twantitanymore!"HasselexplainedinaFacebookpost.（"她喊道，"這太患蠢了。我班上每個(gè)人都有.....我不想要了!”Hassel在臉書(shū)上解釋道。）可推斷，Hassel的女兒希望得到一些特別的東西。故選B。C.推理判斷題。劃線句子的前一句IthoughtIhadalwaystaughthertobegratefulandknowhowluckyshewas.（我以為我一直教她要感恩，要知道她有多幸運(yùn)。）可知，她一直覺(jué)得自己教育得很好，讓孩子知道感恩，而女兒的這一反應(yīng)讓她很震驚也很失望。再根據(jù)下文Shecontinued,"Iexplainedtohershe'snotentitledto（享有）anythingspecialandsheistakingforgrantedhowluckysheis.Sofornowshewillbeusingabagandwillpersonallybedeliveringtheniceboxtoachildthatcouldbenefitfromit.（她繼續(xù)說(shuō)道："我向她解釋說(shuō)，她沒(méi)有權(quán)利享有任何特別的東西，也不應(yīng)該認(rèn)為自己的幸運(yùn)是理所當(dāng)然的。所以現(xiàn)在她需要用一個(gè)袋子，并親自把這個(gè)漂亮的盒子送給可能從中受益的孩子?？芍?，她覺(jué)得應(yīng)該給孩子敲敲警鐘，提提醒，讓孩子要懂得感恩。故選C。A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"Sobythetimetherewasprobablysmokecomingoutofmyears,Iwastryingreallyhardnottocompletelyloseitwiththiskidwhom1haveworkedsohardtocompletelylakecareofonmyown,"shewrote.（她寫(xiě)道："所以當(dāng)我火冒三丈的時(shí)候，我非常努力地不讓自己完全失去對(duì)這個(gè)孩子的感情，我這么努力地要自己完全照顧這個(gè)孩子。"）可推斷她很有耐心；再根據(jù)第二段Hasselsaidshedidn'timmediatelyreactbecauseshewantedtodealwiththeangerproperly.（Hassel說(shuō)，她沒(méi)有立即做出反應(yīng)，因?yàn)樗肭‘?dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)對(duì)憤怒。）可推斷，她遇事很冷靜。故選A.本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位母親教育自己的孩子要知道感恩的故事。閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷：或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。8?11.【答案】D、D、C、D【解析】（1）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段TheRussia-Ukraineconflictiscreatingsufferingand"mustendnow,"Guterressaidatapressconferenceafterthemeeting.（古特雷斯在會(huì)后的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上說(shuō)，俄烏沖突正在造成癰苦，”現(xiàn)在必須結(jié)束"。）可知，古特雷斯對(duì)結(jié)束俄烏沖突持肯定的態(tài)度。A.Hesitant"猶豫的"；B.Disagreed“反對(duì)的”；C.Uncertain”不確定的"；D.Certain”肯定的"。故選D。(2)D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段AccordingtotheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO),RussiaandUkrainearetheworld'slargestandfifth-largestwheatexporters,respectively.Together,theyprovide19percentoftheworld'sbarleysupply,14percentofwheatand4percentofcom,makingupmorethanonethirdofglobalgrainexports.(根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織(FAO),俄羅斯和烏克蘭分別是世界上最大和第五大小麥出口國(guó)。加在一起，它們提供了全球19%的大麥供應(yīng)、14%的小麥和4%的玉米，占全球糧食出口的三分之一以上。)可知，俄羅斯和烏克蘭都在世界糧食出口中發(fā)揮著重要作用。故選D。(3)C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段InUkraine,whichisknownasthebreadbasketofEurope.theconflicthasleftunharvestedwheatthatwasplantedmonthsago,whilecomsandsunflowerssownwhentheconflictbrokeoutwereleftunfertilized.ltisestimatedthatUkraine'sgrainproductionmayfallbymorethan50percentinthecurrentseason.(在被稱為歐洲糧倉(cāng)的烏克蘭，沖突導(dǎo)致數(shù)月前種植的小麥未經(jīng)收割，而沖突爆發(fā)時(shí)播種的玉米和向日葵則未施肥。據(jù)估計(jì)，烏克蘭的糧食產(chǎn)量在當(dāng)前季節(jié)可能下降50%以上。)可知，C選項(xiàng)邛艮制俄羅斯化肥出口導(dǎo)致全球化肥價(jià)格上漲?！辈皇嵌頌鯖_突引起的烏克蘭問(wèn)題。故選C。(4)D.標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章第一段TheRussia-Ukraineconflictcouldleadtoaglobalfoodcrisisthatwillhitdevelopingcountriesthehardest,UnitedNations(UN)Secretary-GeneralAntonioGuterreswarnedinStockholmonWednesday(聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)安東尼奧?古特雷斯周三在斯德哥爾摩警告說(shuō)，俄羅斯?烏克蘭沖突可能導(dǎo)致全球糧食危機(jī)，對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的打擊最為嚴(yán)重。)，結(jié)合本文隨后分析了俄烏沖突可能導(dǎo)致全球糧食危機(jī)的原因和影響可知，D選項(xiàng)”聯(lián)合國(guó)警告俄羅斯?烏克蘭沖突可能引發(fā)全球糧食危機(jī)。"適合作本文的標(biāo)題。故選D。本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章強(qiáng)調(diào)俄烏沖突可能導(dǎo)致全球糧食危機(jī)，并分析了其原因和影響。閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。12~15.【答案】A、C、B、A］（1）A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Theresearchfoundthatpeoplewhokeepfitaremorelikelytohavelargerbrains,bettermemoriesandclearerthinking.（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，保持健康的人更有可能擁有更大的大腦、更好的記憶力和更清晰的思維）可知，健康的人可能擁有更大的大腦、更好的記憶力和更清晰的思維。故選A。C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Astheywentthroughathree-monthfitnessprogram,theysawimprovementsintheirmemory.（當(dāng)他們進(jìn)行為期三個(gè)月的健身計(jì)劃時(shí)，他們的記憶力有所改善）可知，從實(shí)驗(yàn)中可以得知，鍛煉有助于人們提高記憶力。故選C。B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Moderateintensityaerobicactivitysuchaswalking,cyclingorrunningcanproducechangesinbrainstructureandfunction.（中等強(qiáng)度的有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)，如步行、騎自行車(chē)或跑步，可以改變大腦結(jié)構(gòu)和功能）可知，步行、騎自行車(chē)或跑步可以改變大腦結(jié)構(gòu)和功能，沒(méi)有提及唱歌。故選B。A.寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段Scientistshavefoundthatthesportnotonlykeepspeoplefitbutalsoimprovesyourbrainpower.（科學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅能讓人保持健康，還能提高你的腦力）以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅可以讓人保持健康，還可以提高人們的腦力，作者寫(xiě)作的目的是告訴你，運(yùn)動(dòng)可以提高你的腦力。故選A。這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅可以讓人保持健康，還可以提高人們的腦力。做這類(lèi)題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。做題時(shí)要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。16~20.【答案】C、A、F、D、E【解析】（1）C.邏輯關(guān)系題。Also,makesureyourpetsstayshealthy.（此外，確保你的寵物保持健康。）說(shuō)明要讓寵物保持健康，C項(xiàng)：Herearesomewaystokeepyourpetshealthy（以下是一些保持寵物健康的方法。）承接上文，引出下文內(nèi)容，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。A.標(biāo)題歸納題。下文Dietisthebeginningofkeepingyourpethealthy.Whenyoufirstgetapet,doyourresearchtofindoutthemostsuitabledietanddoyourbesttofollowitstrictly.（飲食是保持寵物健康的開(kāi)始。當(dāng)你第一次養(yǎng)寵物時(shí)，要研究并查明最合適的飲食，并盡量嚴(yán)格遵守。）說(shuō)明要研究合適的飲食以保持寵物健康，A項(xiàng)：Provideasuitablediet（提供合適的飲食。）總結(jié)下文內(nèi)容，可以作為本段標(biāo)題句。故選A。F.邏輯關(guān)系題。下文Formostpets,thatmeansprovidingabowlordishofwaterthatyouchangeoutatleastonceaday.（對(duì)于大多數(shù)寵物來(lái)說(shuō)，這意味著提供一碗或一盤(pán)水，你每天至少換一次。）說(shuō)明要給寵物提供水，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中water是關(guān)鍵詞，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)：Nomatterwhatkindofpetyouhave,itwillneedwaterinsomeform（無(wú)論你養(yǎng)什么樣的寵物，它都需要某種形式的水。）引出下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。D.推理判斷題。上文Howoftenyoubatheyourpetreallydependsonthespecies.（你給寵物洗澡的頻率實(shí)際上取決于物種。）說(shuō)明要定期給寵物洗澡，D項(xiàng)：Forexample,dogsoftenneedbathsatleastonceamonth（例如，狗通常每月至少需要洗一次澡。）說(shuō)明寵物狗需要每個(gè)月至少洗澡一次，承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。E.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。Seeyourveterinarianforacheckupandvaccinations.（請(qǐng)看獸醫(yī)檢查并接種疫苗。）說(shuō)明要看獸醫(yī)并接種疫苗，以及下文Talktoyourvetaboutwhichonesareproperforyourpet.（和你的獸醫(yī)談?wù)勀男┻m合你的寵物。）說(shuō)明要和獸醫(yī)談?wù)撃姆N疫苗適合自己的寵物，E項(xiàng)中vaccinations是關(guān)鍵詞，E項(xiàng)：Besides,vaccinationscanhelpkeepyourpethappyandhealthy（此外，接種疫苗可以幫助寵物保持快樂(lè)和健康。）承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了保持寵物健康的方法?！捌哌x五”選擇題，主要目的在于考查考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。解題時(shí)最主要的兩個(gè)步驟就是L理清文章的邏輯和結(jié)構(gòu)，2.在所給的原文中找出關(guān)鍵詞或者說(shuō)是線索詞。文章的整體思路能幫助你在答案中篩選出符合邏輯的選項(xiàng)，關(guān)鍵詞則能幫助你確定更多的細(xì)節(jié)，排除相近的選。得出正確的答案。21~35.【答案】B、C、A、A、D、D、A、A、B、D、C、B、C、C、B【解析】（1）B.考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.helping幫助；B.watching觀看：C.spotting發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.ignoring忽略。句意:一個(gè)富有的鄰居史密斯先生的兒子過(guò)去每天都來(lái)看鐵匠，一個(gè)小時(shí)又一個(gè)小時(shí)地看著他如何工作。結(jié)合空格前的"everydayandforhoursandhours”和空格后的“howheworked”可知史密斯先生的兒子應(yīng)該是“看“鐵匠如何工作。故選BoC.考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.reach到達(dá)；B.break中斷；C.learn學(xué)習(xí)；D.replace更換。句意：年輕人，你為什么不試試你的手來(lái)學(xué)做鞋釘？結(jié)合空格前的"whydontyoutryyourhand"可知是鐵匠詢問(wèn)年輕人為什么不學(xué)做鞋釘。故選C。A.考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.practice練習(xí)；B.adventure冒險(xiǎn)；C.hesitation猶豫;D.operation操作。句意：但經(jīng)過(guò)一點(diǎn)練習(xí)后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己變得非常熟練，很快他就開(kāi)始制作一些最好的鞋釘。結(jié)合前文”Thelazyboybegantoseewhathecoulddo."和后文"hefoundthathewasbecomingveryskilled”可知經(jīng)過(guò)一點(diǎn)練習(xí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己變得非常熟練。故選AoA.考查形容詞最高級(jí)及語(yǔ)境理解。A.finest最好的：B.worst最差的；C.longest最長(zhǎng)的：D.shortest最短的。句意：但經(jīng)過(guò)一點(diǎn)練習(xí)后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己變得非常熟練，很快他就開(kāi)始制作一些最好的鞋釘。結(jié)合前文"hefoundthathewasbecomingveryskilled"可知很快他就開(kāi)始制作一些最好的鞋釘。故選A。D.考查名詞詞義辨析。A.break休息，暫停;B.shoes鞋子；C.benefit利益；D.goods商品，私人財(cái)產(chǎn)。句意：由于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，老史密斯先生去世了，兒子失去了所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)。結(jié)合前文"OldMr.Smithdied"和空格后的"becauseofthewar”推斷因?yàn)楦赣H去世和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，兒子失去了所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)。故選D。D.考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.retum返回;B.escape逃生；C.come來(lái)；D.leave離開(kāi)。句意：他不得不離家，被迫住在另一個(gè)國(guó)家。結(jié)合空格后句子"wasforcedtoliveinanothercountry",可知是被迫離開(kāi)家。故選D。A.考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.village村莊；B.house房屋；C.city城市；D.town城鎮(zhèn)。句意：碰巧在這個(gè)村子里，有很多鞋匠花了很多錢(qián)買(mǎi)鞋釘，甚至有時(shí)他們付高價(jià)時(shí)，也不能總是得到他們想要的東西，因?yàn)樵谶@個(gè)國(guó)家的那個(gè)地區(qū)，士兵的鞋子需求量很大。根據(jù)(14)空后的"Andafterawhile,YoungMr.Smithfoundthathewassoonmakingthefinesttacksinthevillage."可知Village是同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，這里表示碰巧在這個(gè)村子里。故選A。A.考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.money金錢(qián)；B.request要求；C.economy經(jīng)濟(jì)：Demotion情感。句意：碰巧在這個(gè)村子里，有很多鞋匠正在花大量的錢(qián)買(mǎi)鞋釘，甚至有時(shí)他們付高價(jià)時(shí)，也不能總是得到他們想要的東西，因?yàn)樵谶@個(gè)國(guó)家的那個(gè)地區(qū)，士兵的鞋子需求量很大。結(jié)合空格前的“spending”和空格后的“buytacks”推斷是有很多鞋匠正在花大量的錢(qián)買(mǎi)鞋釘。故選A。B.考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.enjoy享受;B.get獲得：C.pursue追求；D.desire期望。句意：碰巧在這個(gè)村子里,有很多鞋匠正在花大量的錢(qián)買(mǎi)鞋釘,甚至有時(shí)他們付高價(jià)時(shí)，也不能總是得到他們想要的東西，因?yàn)樵谶@個(gè)國(guó)家的那個(gè)地區(qū)，兵的鞋子需求量很大。結(jié)合前文"evenattimeswhentheypaidhighpricestheywerenotalwaysableto”可以推斷是有時(shí)花高價(jià)錢(qián)也不能得到他們想要的東西。故選B。D.考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.positive積極的，肯定的：B.impossible不可能的：C.tough堅(jiān)韌的；D.high高的。句意：碰巧在這個(gè)村子里，有很多鞋匠正在花大量的錢(qián)買(mǎi)鞋釘，甚至有時(shí)他們付高價(jià)時(shí)，也不能總是得到他們想要的東西，因?yàn)樵谶@個(gè)國(guó)家的那個(gè)地區(qū)，士兵的鞋子需求量很大。結(jié)合前文提到有很多鞋匠正在花大量的錢(qián)買(mǎi)鞋釘，甚至有時(shí)他們付高價(jià)時(shí)，也不能總是得到鞋釘，可知用ahighdemandfor,意為"高的需求”，表示士兵的鞋子需求量很大。故選D。C.考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.funny有趣的；B.exciting令人興奮的:C.difficult困難的；D.particular特別的。句意：年輕的史密斯先生發(fā)現(xiàn)每天都很難謀生，他記起了從前他學(xué)會(huì)了做鞋釘?shù)氖炙?，突然想到要和鞋匠討價(jià)還價(jià)的主意。結(jié)合前文提到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，人們花高價(jià)買(mǎi)鞋釘，可推斷年輕的史密斯先生很難謀生。故選C。B.考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.joy快樂(lè);B.idea想法；C.test測(cè)試：D.choice選擇。句意：年輕的史密斯先生發(fā)現(xiàn)每天都很難謀生，他記起了從前他學(xué)會(huì)了做鞋釘?shù)氖炙?，突然想到要和鞋匠討價(jià)還價(jià)的主意。結(jié)合空格前的"rememberedthatonceuponatimehehadlearnedtheartofmakingtacks"和空格后的"ofmakingabargainwiththeshoemakers"可知是他記起了從前他學(xué)會(huì)了做鞋釘?shù)氖炙?，突然想到要和鞋匠討價(jià)還價(jià)的主意。故選B。C.考查固定短語(yǔ)及語(yǔ)境理解。A.satisfiedwith對(duì).…感到滿意；B.concernedabout對(duì).…擔(dān)心；C.settledin定居，安頓下來(lái)；D.experiencedin在.....經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富。句意：他告訴他們，如果他們能幫他在他的車(chē)間安頓下來(lái)，他就做鞋釘。結(jié)合空格后的賓語(yǔ)"hisworkshop"可知settledin表示"安頓下來(lái)"符合題意。故選C.C.考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.help幫助；B.goal目標(biāo)：C.offer報(bào)價(jià)，提議；D.attitude態(tài)度。句意：鞋匠們對(duì)這個(gè)提議非常高興。結(jié)合前文的“Hetoldthemthathewouldmakethetacksiftheywouldhelptogethim(13)hisworkshop."可知是鞋匠們對(duì)這個(gè)提議非常高興。故選C。B.考查副詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.legally非法地；B.Surprisingly令人驚訝地，出乎意料地：C.Eventually最終地；D.Slowly緩慢地。句意："出人意料的是，"他常說(shuō)，"做鞋釘可以帶來(lái)很大的財(cái)富。我的生意對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)比我以前所有的財(cái)富都有用。"結(jié)合后文"makingtackscanbringabigfortune.Mytradeismoreusefultomethanallmyformerfortune.“可知做鞋釘能夠帶來(lái)巨大財(cái)富這件事是出人意料的。故選B。本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了年輕的史密斯先生學(xué)會(huì)了一門(mén)做鞋釘?shù)氖炙?，后?lái)父親去世，因?yàn)閼?zhàn)爭(zhēng)他失去了所有的東西，但是當(dāng)他不得不離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)謀生時(shí)，他的這門(mén)手藝卻給他帶來(lái)了財(cái)富和驚喜。完形填空是在單項(xiàng)填空的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來(lái)的介于單項(xiàng)填空和閱讀理解之間的一種題型。它題材廣泛，體裁多樣。文章內(nèi)容新穎、有趣、可讀性強(qiáng)，具有鮮明的時(shí)代感，包括社會(huì)生活、風(fēng)土人情、人文環(huán)境、人物傳記等。.【答案】【小題I]jumped【小題2】who/that【小題3]an【小題4]in【小題5]confused【小題6]sharing【小題7]extremely[小題8]friendships【小題9]better【小題10]tobreak【解析】(1)jumped.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:谷愛(ài)凌以第三跳94.50分的高分躍居榜首。結(jié)合本文描述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的冬奧會(huì)的事情，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞jump用過(guò)去式j(luò)umped。故填jumped。who/that.考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：谷愛(ài)凌是一個(gè)18歲的女孩，她是一名自由式滑雪運(yùn)動(dòng)員、模特和一名成績(jī)優(yōu)異的學(xué)生，父親是美國(guó)人，母親是中國(guó)人。空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是an18-year?oldgirl,且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指人用that或who引導(dǎo)。故填who/thatoan.考查冠詞。句意：谷愛(ài)凌是一個(gè)18歲的女孩，她是一名自由式滑雪運(yùn)動(dòng)員、模特和一名成績(jī)優(yōu)異的學(xué)生，父親是美國(guó)人，母親是中國(guó)人。結(jié)合and之后的aChinesemother,可知空格處缺少不定冠詞表示泛指,American以元音音素開(kāi)頭，用an