上海高中語法第11講閱讀寫作及翻譯技巧2

realworld,theopinionsofsuchpowerfulpeoplestillinfluencethejournalistsandeditorswhoworkforthem.55. Incountrieswherethenewsisnotofficiallycontrolled,itmaybeprovidedbycommercialorganizationswhodependonadvertising.Thenewshastoattractviewersandmaintainitsaudienceratings.Isuspectthatsomestoriesgetair-timejustbecausetherehappentobeexcitingpicturestoshow.InBritain,wehavethetabloidnewspaperswhichmillionsofpeoplereadsimplyforentertainment.Thereisprogressivelylessroomforhistoricalbackground,orstatistics,whicharehardertopresentasasensationalstory.56. Thereisanargumentthatwithspreadingaccesstotheinternetandcheaptechnologyforrecordingsoundandimageswewillallbeabletofindexactlytheinformationwewant.Peoplearoundtheworldwillbeabletopublishtheirowneye-witnessaccountsandcompetewiththewidely-acceptednews-gatherersonequalterms.Butwhatitwillmeanalsoisthatwe'llbesubjectedtoastillgreateramountofnonsenseandlies.Anyweblogmaycontainthelatestinformationoftheyear,orequally,amade-upstorythatyouwillneverbeabletocheck.57. Maybethetimehascometodosomethingaboutit,andIdon'justmeanchangingyourchoiceofTVchannelornewspaper.Inaworldwhereeveryonewantsyoutolistentotheirversion,youonlyhavetwochoices:switchoffaltogetherorstartlookingforsourcesyoucantrust.Theinvestigativejournalistofthefutureiseveryonewhowantstoknowthetruth.a）【六選五綜合評(píng)析】這類題型主要是考查學(xué)生快速閱讀找到主旨的能力，因此學(xué)生要快速瀏覽每一段的首尾句，看看本段其他句子是否是擴(kuò)展句，如果是的話，后面就不要看了。如果遇到有兩個(gè)備選答案差不多的話，則需要再去仔細(xì)閱讀，作出判斷。一定要學(xué)生記?。罕绢}時(shí)間不得超過 3分鐘，否則，整體時(shí)間不夠用，導(dǎo)致試卷做不完。本題答案：76.B77.E78.F79.C80.DHumanremainsofancientsettlementswillbereburiedandlosttoscienceunderalawthatthreatensresearchintothehistoryofhumansinBritain,agroupofleadingarcheologists（考古學(xué)家）says.Inaletteraddressedtothejusticesecretary,KenClarke,40archaeologistswriteoftheir“deepandwidespreadconcern"abouttheissue.ItcentersonthelawintroducedbytheMinistryofJusticein2008whichrequiresallhumanremainsunearthedinEnglandandWalestobereburiedwithintwoyears,regardlessoftheirage.Thedecisionmeansscientistshavetoolittletimetostudybonesandotherhumanremainsofnationalandculturalsignificance.“Yourcurrentrequirementthatallarchaeologicallyunearthedhumanremainsshouldbereburied,whetherafterastandardperiodoftwoyearsorafurtherspecialextension,iscontrarytobasicprinciplesofarchaeologicalandscientificresearchandofmuseumpractice, "theywThelawappliestoanypiecesofboneuncoveredataround400digsites,includingtheremainsof60orsobodiesfoundatStonehengein2008thatdatebackto3,000BC.Archaeologistshavebeengrantedatemporaryextensiontogivethemmoretime,buteventuallytheboneswillhavetobereturnedtotheground.ThearrangementsmayresultinthewasteoffuturediscoveriesatsitessuchasHappisburghinNorfolk,wherediggingiscontinuingafterthediscoveryofstonetoolsmadebyearlyhumans950,000yearsago.IfhumanremainswerefoundatHappisburgh,theywouldbetheoldestinnorthernEuropeandthefirstindicationofwhatthisspecieswas.Underthecurrentpracticeofthelawthoseremainswouldhavetobereburiedandeffectivelydestroyed.Before2008,guidelinesallowedfortheproperpreservationandstudyofbonesofsufficientageandhistoricalinterest,whiletheBurialAct1857appliedtomorerecentremains.TheMinistryofJusticeassuredarchaeologiststwoyearsagothatthelawwastemporary,buthassofarfailedtoreviseit.MikeParkerPearson,anarchaeologistatSheffieldUniversity,said: shavebeenArchaeologistextremelypatientbecausewewereledtobelievetheministrywassortingoutthisproblem,butwefeelthatwecannotwaitanylonger. ”Theministryhasnoguidelinesonwhereorhowremainsshouldbereburied,oronwhatrecordsshouldbekept.Accordingtothepassage,scientistsareunhappywiththelawmainlybecause.itisonlyatemporarymeasureonthehumanremainsitisunreasonableandthusdestructivetoscientificresearchitwasintroducedbythegovernmentwithouttheirknowledgeitisvagueaboutwhereandhowtoreburyhumanremains59.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?Temporaryextensionoftwoyearswillguaranteescientistsenoughtime.HumanremainsoftheoldestspeciesweredugoutatHappisburgh.Humanremainswillhavetobereburieddespitetheextensionoftime.Scientistshavebeenwarnedthatthelawcanhardlybechanged.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheBritishlawgoverninghumanremains?TheMinistryofJusticedidnotintendittoprotecthumanremains.TheBurialAct1857onlyappliedtoremainsuncoveredbefore1857.Thelawonhumanremainshasn'tchangedinrecentdecades.TheMinistryofJusticehasnotdoneenoughaboutthelaw.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?Newdiscoveriesshouldbereburied,thegovernmentdemands.Researchtimeshouldbeextended,scientistsrequire.Lawonhumanremainsneedsthoroughdiscussion,authoritiessay.Lawcouldburyancientsecretsforever,archeologistswarn.Everyoneinbusinesshasbeentoldthatsuccessisallaboutattractingandretaining（留?。ヽustomers.Itsoundssimpleandachievable.But,50,wordsofwisdomaresoonforgotten.Oncecompanieshaveattractedcustomerstheyoften51thesecondhalfofthestory.Intheexcitementofbeatingoffthecompetition,negotiatingprices,securingorders,anddeliveringtheproduct,managerstendtobecomecarriedaway.Theyforgetwhattheyregardastheboringsideofbusiness——52_thatthecustomerremainsacustomer.53toconcentrateonretainingaswellasattractingcustomerscostsbusinesshugeamountsofmoneyannually.Ithasbeenestimatedthattheaveragecompanylosesbetween10and30percentofitscustomerseveryyears.Inconstantlychanging54,thisisnotsurprising.Whatissurprisingisthefactthatfewcompanieshaveanyideahowmanycustomerstheyhavelost.Onlynowareorganizationsbeginningtowakeuptothoselostopportunitiesandcalculatethe55implications.Cuttingdownthenumberofcustomersacompanylosescanmakeabig56initsperformance.ResearchintheUSfoundthatafivepercentdecreaseinthenumberofdefecting(流失的)customersledto57increasesofbetween25and85percent.IntheUS,Domino'sPizzaestimatesthataregularcustomerisworthmorethan$5,000overtenyears.Acustomerwhoreceivesapoorqualityproductorserviceontheirfirstvisitand58neverreturns,islosingthecompanythousandsofdollarsin59profits(moreifyouconsiderhowmanypeopletheyarelikelytotellabouttheirbadexperience).Thelogicbehindcultivatingcustomer60isimpossibletodeny."Inpracticemostcompaniesmarketingeffortisfocusedongettingcustomers,withlittleattentionpaidto61them"saysAdrianPayneofCornfieldUniversitySchoolofManagement."Researclsuggeststhatthereisacloserelationshipbetweenretainingcustomersandmakingprofits.62customerstendtobuymore,arepredictableandusuallycostlesstoservicethannewcustomers.Furthermore,theytendtobelessprice63,andmayprovidefreeword-of-mouthadvertising.Retainingcustomersalsomakesit64forcompetitorstoenteramarketorincreasetheirshareofamarket.A.inparticular B.inreality C.atleast D.firstofall【參考答案】B【考查要求】短語辨析【思路解析】根據(jù)連詞but我們可以看出這里是轉(zhuǎn)折，與上文意思形成對(duì)比。根據(jù)上文意思可判斷選擇B.A.emphasize B.doubt C.overlook D.believe【參考答案】 C【考查要求】詞語辨析【思路解析】 根據(jù)很快這些好聽的話就會(huì)被忘記"，可以推斷出商人只在乎吸引顧客而會(huì)忽略保留顧客這條。A.denying B.ensuring C.arguing D.proving【參考答案】 B【考查要求】詞語辨析【思路解析】根據(jù)上下文的理解可以推斷出，在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)勝利的時(shí)候也要保證顧客的利益。65.A.MovingB.HopingC.StartingD.Failing【參考答案】【考查要求】詞語辨析【思路解析】根據(jù)第一段中提到忽略顧客,可以推斷本段講的是忽視顧客的后果是怎樣的?！舅悸方馕觥扛鶕?jù)第一段中提到忽略顧客,可以推斷本段講的是忽視顧客的后果是怎樣的。因此選擇D。A.markets B.tastes C.prices D.expensesTOC\o"1-5"\h\z【參考答案】 A【考查要求】詞語辨析【思路解析】 文章提到的是商業(yè)，因此與商業(yè)有關(guān)的不斷變化的是市場(chǎng)。A.culture B.social C.financial D.Economical【參考答案】 C【考查要求】詞語辨析【思路解析】 商業(yè)中關(guān)注的是財(cái)政的得失。因此可判斷是 financialoA.promise B.plan C.mistake D.difference【參考答案】 D【考查要求】詞語辨析【思路解析】根據(jù)文章意思減少公司客戶的損失數(shù)量會(huì)給公司帶來很大的不同。 "A是作出承諾，B是做計(jì)劃，C是犯錯(cuò)誤。A.cost B.opportunity C.profit D.budget【參考答案】 C【考查要求】詞語辨析【思路解析】 文章提到的應(yīng)該是美國(guó)調(diào)查表明，減少流失客戶量 5%可以帶來25%到85%的利潤(rùn)?！盇.asaresult B.onthewholeC.inconclusion D.onthecontrary【參考答案】 A【考查要求】詞語辨析【思路解析】 根據(jù)上下文理解，可看出這里表示結(jié)果。71.A.hugeB.potentialC.extraD.reasonable

71.A.hugeB.potentialC.extraD.reasonable【參考答案】B【考查要求】詞語辨析【思路解析】客戶不滿意而不在光顧，失去的不僅僅是一次的利潤(rùn)，而是更多潛在的利潤(rùn)。A.beliefs B.loyalty C.habits D.interestTOC\o"1-5"\h\z【參考答案】 B【考查要求】詞語辨析【思路解析】 從上下文理解可看出，培養(yǎng)顧客的忠誠(chéng)度是很重要的，是不可否認(rèn)的。A.altering B.understandingC.keeping D.attracting【參考答案】 C【考查要求】詞語辨析D.Unexpected【思路解析】 與文章第一段相呼應(yīng)，實(shí)際上，公司只注意吸引顧客而忽略留住客源。D.UnexpectedA.Assumed B.Respected C.Established【參考答案】 C【考查要求】詞語辨析【思路解析】 根據(jù)上下文理解這里應(yīng)該是已經(jīng)建立的客戶。A.agreeable B.flexible C.friendly D.sensitive【參考答案】 D【考查要求】詞語辨析【思路解析】根據(jù)文章理解，顧客對(duì)公司滿意就會(huì)減低對(duì)價(jià)格的敏感度。A.unfair B.difficult C.essential D.convenient【參考答案】 B【考查要求】詞語辨析【思路解析】根據(jù)文章意思理解，維持客戶源也可以讓對(duì)手感到有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，有很大的困難?！铩就晷翁羁站C合評(píng)析】此題較難，主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文正確理解語篇并且完成語篇的能力。本文還主要考查了學(xué)生的詞匯及短語的掌握及理解辨析的能力?！疽粚?duì)一教學(xué)啟示】讓學(xué)生掌握解題技巧，和做題時(shí)的分析方法。要通讀全文，掌握大意；逐句細(xì)讀，確定選項(xiàng)；復(fù)讀全文，核對(duì)檢查（最后一步很關(guān)鍵）。同時(shí)要讓學(xué)生注意細(xì)節(jié),比如：連詞，文章、段落結(jié)構(gòu)及上下文之間的聯(lián)系。StepII.作文部分模式I.用于文章主題句.不用說????Itgoeswithoutsayingthat子句=(Itis)needlesstosay(that)子句=Itisobviousthat子句=Obviously,.?是不可能的；無法…ThereisnoVing=ThereisnowayofVing.=ThereisnopossibilityofVing.=ItisimpossibletoV.=ItisoutofthequestiontoV.=NoonecanV.=WecannotV.例：不可否認(rèn)的？成功的關(guān)鍵在于努力的工作。Thereisnotdenyingthatsuccessliesinhardwork..我深信…Iamconvinced(that)子句=Iamgreatlyassured(that)子句.在各種…之中？…Amongvariouskindsof…，??二Ofallthe…，…例：在各種運(yùn)動(dòng)中疑尤其喜歡游泳。Amongvariouskindsofsports,Ilikeswimminginparticular..?是很容易證明的。Itcanbeeasilyproved(that)子句.??無論如何強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過 …cannotbeoveremphasized例：食品安全的重要性無論如何強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過。Theimportanceoffoodsafetycannotbeoveremphasized..就我的看法？…；我認(rèn)為1?Inmyopinion,??二Tomymind,???.=AsfarasIamconcerned, ???=Iamoftheopinonjthat.(A)每個(gè)人都知道?Everyoneknows(that)子句TOC\o"1-5"\h\zB)就我所知？…Asfarasmyknowledgeisconcerned, ….毫無疑問地?Thereisnodoubt(that)子句.根據(jù)我個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)????Accordingtomypersonalexperience, ….在我認(rèn)識(shí)白人當(dāng)中也許沒有一個(gè)人比…更值得我尊敬。OfallthepeopleIknow,perhapsnonedeservesmyrespectmorethan -例：在我認(rèn)識(shí)的人當(dāng)中也許沒有一個(gè)人比我的英文老師張老師更值得我尊敬。OfallthepeopleIknow,perhapsnonedeservesmyrespectmorethanMissChang,myEnglishteacher..我忘不了???Iwillneverforget ….(A)隨著人口的增加？3Withtheincrease/growthofthepopulation, …(B)隨著科技的進(jìn)步,???Withtheadvanceofscienceandtechnology, ….(A)在這信息的年代？…扮演重要的角色。

Intheageofinformationandcommunication,(B)在今日工業(yè)社會(huì)中？??是生命不可或缺的。…playsanimportantrole.Intoday'sindustrialsociety, ……playsanimportantrole..在討論…?一個(gè)人不得不承認(rèn)…。Indealingwith…，onecannotbutadmit(thOl)例：在討論未來的職業(yè)k個(gè)人不得不承認(rèn)盡早決定未來的職業(yè)很重要。Indealingwithone'sfuturecareer,onecannotbutadmitthatitisveryimportanttodecideone'sfuturecareerasearlyaspossible..世上沒有什么比…更令我高興。Nothingintheworldcandelightmesomuchas ….…是必要的ItisnecessarythatS(should)V…是重要的Itisimportant/essentialthatS(should)V…是適當(dāng)?shù)腎tisproperthatS(should)V…是緊急的ItisurgentthatS(should)V.每當(dāng)我聽到…？我就忍不住感到興奮。 WheneverIhear…，Icannotbutfeelexcited.每當(dāng)我看到…我就忍不住感到驚訝。 WheneverIsee…，Icannotbutfeelsurprised..據(jù)說…Itissaid(that)子句一般認(rèn)為…Itisthought(that)子句大家都知道Ttisknowntoall(that)子句據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)???Itisreported(that)子句一般預(yù)料…Itisexpected(that)子句一般估計(jì)Ttisestimated(that)子句一般相信Ttisbelieved(that)子句20.?的主要理由是?Themainreasonwhy???..is(that).俗語說得好：「…」。Wellgoesanoldsaying," ???"=Asanoldsayinggoes(runs,says)," …"=Anoldsayinggoes," ???"=It'sanoldsaying(that)子句例：俗話說得好：「誠(chéng)實(shí)為上策」。Asanoldsayinggoes,"Honestyisthebestpolicy.".(A) 用下列方法 inthefollowingways.(B)?有三個(gè)主要理由。 ???forthreemajorreasons.(C)要?一？至少我們可做三件事。 To???,thereareatleastthreethingswecando.例：(A)我用下列方法增加信心。.那就是(說)…；亦即…Thatistosay,??二Thatis,??二Namely,….(A)基于這個(gè)理由？3Forthisreason, 為7(B)個(gè)目的？iForthispurpose,例：基于這個(gè)理由般已決定把行醫(yī)作為未來的職業(yè)。Forthisreason,Ihavedecidedtotakepracticingmedicineasmyfuturecareer..我們有理由相信 ?Wehavereasonstobelieve(that)子句.事實(shí)上？…Asamatteroffact, ???=Infact,…例：事實(shí)上微康才是最重要。 Asamatteroffact,itishealththatcounts..(A)例如？…Forexample, …卷)?做例子Take…forexample..此外疑們不應(yīng)忽視?Besides(Inaddition),weshouldnotneglect ….相反地？…onthecontrary,???=bycontrast,….另一方面????ontheotherhand,….然而看艮可惜的是…However,itisapitythat子句例：然而看艮可惜的是他總是臨時(shí)抱佛腳。.換言之？…inotherwords,=toputitdifferently例：換言之艱會(huì)盡最大的努力達(dá)成我的目標(biāo)。Inotherwords,Iwilltrymybesttoliveuptomygoal..別人可能認(rèn)為這是事實(shí)澗我不是。我認(rèn)為…Itmaybetrueasassumedbyothers,butIdon't.Ibelievethat子句.從此之后娥已發(fā)現(xiàn)…Eversincethen,Ihavefoundthat子句.這樣說來才民如...君然毫無疑問地…。Inthislight,if ???,therecansurelybenodoubF(that)例：這樣說來？(民如我們能善用時(shí)間*然毫無疑問地我們會(huì)成功。Inthislight,ifwecanmakegooduseoftime,therecansurelybenodoubtthatwewillbesuccessful..更嚴(yán)重的是？…。Whatismoreseriousis(that)子句例：更嚴(yán)重的是祗們不珍惜野生動(dòng)物。Whatismoreseriousisthatwedonotcherishthewildlife..鑒于社會(huì)的實(shí)際需要？…。Inviewofthepracticalneedofsociety, ???.例：鑒于社會(huì)的實(shí)際需要 據(jù)來愈多人對(duì)學(xué)英語有興趣。Inviewofthepracticalneedofsociety,therearemoreandmorepeopleinterestedinlearningEnglish.III.用于文章結(jié)論句.如果能實(shí)踐這三點(diǎn)？…。Ifonecanreallyputthethreepointsintoaction(practice), ….做這些簡(jiǎn)單之事疑們一定可以…。Bydoingthesesimplethings,wesurelycan例：做這些簡(jiǎn)單之事艱們一定可以快樂出門平安回家。.如此城相信…。Inthisway,Ibelieve(that)子句.實(shí)踐這些？…。Byputtingthem(theabove)intopractice, ???..(A)唯有符合此三項(xiàng)要求娥們才能…。Onlybylivinguptothethreerequirements,canwe（B）唯有通力合作跋們才能,…。Onlywithcombinedefforts,canwe …..最后？（且并非最不重要？…。Lastbutnoleast,???,.這證據(jù)顯示?的重要性在怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過。Thisevidenceshowsthattheimportanceof?cannotbeoveremphasized..由于這些理由祗…。Forthesereasons,I???..總而言之？…。Inconclusion,??二Tosumup,….因此疑們能下個(gè)結(jié)論哪就是…。Wecan,therefore,cometotheconclusion（that）子句.如果我們能做到如上所述星無疑問地？…。Ifwecandoasmentionedabove,therecanbenodoubt（that）子句例：如果我們能做到如上所述星無疑問地祗們就能精通英語。Ifwecandoasmentionedabove,therecanbenodoubtthatwecanmasterEnglish.因此花就是…的原因。Thus,thisisthereasonwhy ???.例：因此花就是我重感冒的原因。Thus,thisisthereasonwhyIcaughtabadcold..所以砥們應(yīng)該了解…。Therefore,weshouldrealize（that）子句例：因此？論上列的討論我們可以明了毅力可以克服任何困難。We,therefore,canmakeclearfromtheabovediscussionthatperseverancecanovercomeanydifficulty.51.1.從?觀點(diǎn)來看？…。Fromthe?pointofview, ???.2.根據(jù)?白看法？…。Accordingto?pointofview, ???.例：從經(jīng)濟(jì)的觀點(diǎn)來看花是一個(gè)很復(fù)雜的問題。Fromthefinancialpoint,thisisacomplicatedproblem.Itistime+S+過去式（該是 的時(shí)候了）例句：Itistimetheauthoritiesconcernedtookproperstepstosolvethetrafficproblems.該是有關(guān)當(dāng)局采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧﹣斫鉀Q交通問題的時(shí)候了。Sparenoeffortto+V （不遺余力的）Weshouldsparenoefforttobeautifyourenvironment.我們應(yīng)該不遺余力的美化我們的環(huán)境。bringhometo+人+事（讓 明白 事）例句：Weshouldbringhometopeoplethevalueofworkinghard.我們應(yīng)該讓人們明白努力的價(jià)值。doone'sutmostto+V=doone'sbest（盡全力去 ）例句：Weshoulddoourutmosttoachieveourgoalinlife.我們應(yīng)盡全力去達(dá)成我們的人生目標(biāo)。 the+~est+名詞+（that）+主詞+haveever+seen（known/heard/had/read,etc） themost+形容詞+名詞+（that）+主詞+haveever+seen（known/heard/had/read,etc）Mr.ChangisthekindestteacherthatIhaveeverhad.張老師是我曾經(jīng)遇到最仁慈的教師。Nothingis+ erthanto+VNothingis+more+形容詞+thanto+V例句：Nothingismoreimportantthantoreceiveeducation.沒有比接受教育更重要的事。TOC\o"1-5"\h\zAnadvantageof isthat+句子（ 的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是 ）例句：Anadvantageofusingthesolarenergyisthatitwon'tcreate（produce）anypollution.使用太陽能的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它不會(huì)制造任何污染。Thereasonwhy+句子 isthat+句子（ 的原因是 ）Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycansupplyfreshairforus.我們必須種樹的原因是它們能供應(yīng)我們新鮮的空氣。So+形容詞+be+主詞+that+句子（如此 以致于 ）例句：Sopreciousistimethatwecan'taffordtowasteit.時(shí)間是如此珍貴，我們經(jīng)不起浪費(fèi)它。Adj+as+Subject（主詞）+be,S+V （雖然 ）例句：Richasourcountryis,thequalitiesofourlivesarebynomeanssatisfactory.（bynomeans=innoway=onnoaccount一點(diǎn)也不）雖然我們的國(guó)家富有，我們的生活品質(zhì)絕對(duì)令人不滿意。The+~er+S+V, the+~er+S+V TOC\o"1-5"\h\zThe+more+Adj+S+V, the+more+Adj+S+V （愈 愈 ）例句：Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyoumake.你愈努力，你愈進(jìn)步。By+Ving,??can??（借著 ,能夠 ）例句：Bytakingexercise,wecanalwaysstayhealthy.借著做運(yùn)動(dòng)，我們能夠始終保持健康。Onnoaccountcanwe+V （我們絕對(duì)不能 ）例句：Onnoaccountcanweignorethevalueofknowledge.我們絕對(duì)不能忽略知識(shí)的價(jià)值。Thosewho （ 的人 ）例句：Thosewhoviolatetrafficregulationsshouldbepunished.違反交通規(guī)定的人應(yīng)該受處罰。Thereisnoonebut （沒有人不 ）例句：Thereisnoonebutlongstogotocollege.沒有人不渴望上大學(xué)。be+forced/compelled/obliged+to+V（不得不 ）例句：Sincetheexaminationisaroundthecorner,Iamcompelledtogiveupdoingsports.既然考試迫在眉睫，我不得不放棄做運(yùn)動(dòng)。Itisconceivablethat+句子 （可想而知的）Itisobviousthat+句子 （明顯的）Itisapparentthat+句子 （顯然的）例句：Itisconceivablethatknowledgeplaysanimportantroleinourlife.可想而知，知識(shí)在我們的一生中扮演一個(gè)重要的角色。Thatisthereasonwhy （那就是 的原因）例句：Summerissultry.ThatisthereasonwhyIdon'tlikeit.夏天很悶熱。那就是我不喜歡它的原因。Getintothehabitof+Ving=makeitaruleto+V（養(yǎng)成 的習(xí)慣）例句：Weshouldgetintothehabitofkeepinggoodhours.我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成早睡早起的習(xí)慣。Dueto/Owingto/Thanksto+N/Ving, （因?yàn)?）例句：Thankstohisencouragement,Ifinallyrealizedmydream.因?yàn)樗墓膭?lì)，我終于實(shí)現(xiàn)我的夢(mèng)想。Whata+Adj+N+S+V!=How+Adj+a+N+V!（多么……！）例句：Whatanimportantthingitistokeepourpromise!Howimportantathingitistokeepourpromise!遵守諾言是多么重要的事！Leavemuchtobedesired（令人不滿意）例句：Theconditionofourtrafficleavesmuchtobedesired.我們的交通狀況令人不滿意。Haveagreatinfluenceon （對(duì) 有很大的影響）例句：Smokinghasagreatinfluenceonourhealth.抽煙對(duì)我們的健康有很大的影響。dogoodto（對(duì) 有益）,doharmto（對(duì) 有害）例句：Readingdoesgoodtoourmind.讀書對(duì)心靈有益。Overworkdoesharmtohealth.工作過度對(duì)健康有害。Poseagreatthreatto??（對(duì) 造成一大威脅）例句：Pollutionposesagreatthreattoourexistence.污染對(duì)我們的生存造成一大威脅。組段（有效使用語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)有緊湊感，連貫性）并列補(bǔ)充關(guān)系： whatismore,besides,also,aswell,moreover,furthermore,inaddition..轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系： but,however,yet,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,although,incontrastto,despite,inspiteof,whereas,unlike,nevertheless…因果關(guān)系:since,as,because（of）,for,so,thus,therefore,asaresult,sothat,thanksto,dueto???條件關(guān)系:if,ontheconditionthat,aslongas,unless …表時(shí)間關(guān)系：when,after,before,until,assoonas,later,afterwards,soon,lately,recently,fromthenon,eventually,inthemeantime,atthesametime,earlythismorning,allofasudden,atpresent,inafewdays,tobeginwith, …換——種方式表達(dá)：inotherwords,thatistosay,toputitanotherway…陳述事實(shí):infact,actually,asamatteroffact,totellyouthetruth…舉例說明：forinstance,forexample,like,suchas,take ???forexample…總結(jié):onthewhole,inshort,allinall,general,inaword,inconclusion,inclosing,insummary--?比較關(guān)系: besimilarto,similarly,thesameas,incontrast,comparedwith,justlike,justas …目的:forthisreason,forthispurpose,sothat,inorderto,soasto…強(qiáng)調(diào):indeed,infact,surely,certainly,nodoubt,withoutanydoubt,truly,強(qiáng)調(diào)句概括歸納:inaword,inshort,inbrief,onthewhole,generallyspeaking,inmyopinion,asfarasIknow,asweallknow,ashasbeenstated,asIhaveshown,atlast,insummary,inconclusion,finally …特定的順序關(guān)系：aboveall,firstofall,firstly,first,secondly,thenext,finally,intheend,atlast,lastbutnotleast例如：你班將組隊(duì)參加學(xué)校組織的集體舞比賽(groupdancingcooipetition),班長(zhǎng)希望大家積極參加。對(duì)此談?wù)勀愕目捶?。你的文章必須包括以下?nèi)容：你是否會(huì)參加比賽你做出該決定的具體理由I'mverygladthataclassteamwillbeorganizedtotakepartinthegroupdancingcompetitionbyourschoolandthemonitorexpectsalltobeactive.I'vedecidedtojointheteamandwinthetophonorwithmyclassmates.First,inthepasttwoyearsthegroupdancinghasbeenintroducedalloverthecampuswiththeadoptionofapracticalpolicyissuedbythenationaleducationalauthority.Aswellasothersocialactivitiessuchascharitycontribution,touringaroundtheorphanagesandnurseriesandservingthepublicintheneighborhood,thegroupdancinghasbecomemoreandmorepopularamongus.Second,thegroupdancingis