模因論視角下的看馮小剛八部喜劇電影中的言語幽默

模因論視角下的看馮小剛八部喜劇電影中的言語幽默獨(dú)創(chuàng)性聲明本人聲明所呈交的學(xué)位論文是本人在導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的研究工作和取得的研究成果,除了文中特別加以標(biāo)注和致謝之處外,論文中不包含其他人已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過的研究成果,也不包含為獲得丞洼王些太堂或其他教育機(jī)構(gòu)的學(xué)位或證書而使用過的材料。與我一同工作的同志對(duì)本研究所做的任何奉獻(xiàn)均已在論文中作了明確的說明并表示了謝意。學(xué)位論文作者簽名:匙嘶窗簽字日期咖弓年弓月十日學(xué)位論文版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書本學(xué)位論文作者完全了解丞洼王些太堂有關(guān)保存、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定。特授權(quán)丞洼王些太堂可以將學(xué)位論文的全部或局部內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行檢索,并采用影印、縮印或掃描等復(fù)制手段保存、匯編以供查閱和借閱。同意學(xué)校向國家有關(guān)部門或機(jī)構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和磁盤。保密的學(xué)位論文在解密后適用本授權(quán)說明學(xué)位論文作者簽名:恕磷唁簽字日期:訟I弓年弓月牛日導(dǎo)師簽名:琊爭、簽字日期:hJ三年3月斗曰學(xué)位論文的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)一、本文在結(jié)合Suls的二階段模型和模因論的主要觀點(diǎn),并對(duì)語料進(jìn)行分析后,得出分析馮小剛電影言語幽默的理論模型。二、本文總結(jié)了馮小剛喜劇電影中的臺(tái)詞為何能成為生活中的流行模因的七個(gè)原因。AclmowledgementsFirstly,1would10VetogiVemysincerethankstomyschool?_TianjinPolytechnicUniVerS時(shí)andtheistitutewhreIhaVestudiedforhalfand觚oyearS_一SchoolofFreignLaguages,withoutwhich1wuldhaVenochancetonnishthisthesis.Secondly,Ishouldexpressmy舒atitudeomysupeⅣthedeanoftheSchoolofForeignLaguages,heisalwaysoVerscheduled,buthealsomadetimetocollrectmydraRagainadagainwith礦eatpience.Heinstnlctedmehowtoreadandwriter,andmoreimporrtanthowtothink.Thirdly;sincerethanksshouldalsobegiVentothosegreatteacherswhohaVebeenimpartingknowledgetome,instructingandencouragingmeduringtheperiodofmypostgraduatestdy.Fourthly,1wouldalwaysbeVe巧gratefultomy24classmates,whogaVemeltsofhelpbothinlifeandstudy.LaStbutnotheleast,Imustthankmyparents,withouttheirunderstandingencouragement,thisthesiswouldneVerhaVebeenfinished,andtheirnfiniteloVemakesmewhoIam。Thisworkisdedicatedtohem.AbstractThisthesisselectsFengXiaogang’seightcomedymoViesastheresearchmaterial.Takingthememeticsastheguidancea11dwi廿1thehelpoftheIncongmity-ResolutionThery,thispapermainlyanalyzesthehumormechanismofthehumorouslinesinFengXiaogang’scomedymoVies,characteristicsandtransmissionmodefthehumorouslallguagememes,andthereasonwhysomelanguagememesmhisfilmscanbecomethcatchwordsindailylife.Theresearchshowsthathehumorouse仃.ectinthefilmiscausedbytheresolutionoftwopairsofincon鏟uousfactors.Oneistheintemalfctor,namely,formandcontent,andtheotheristhextemalfctor,n鋤ely,thedefaultcontextandnewcontext.Languagememesarepreadinthemodeofgenotypeorpheno夠pe,anditisduringthetransmissionthattheinhaHnoniousfactorscomeup.TheprocesswhenpeopleresolVethincongmitywiththeknowledgeoflanguagewhichteyhaVealreadyhadisjusttheonewhenhumorisperceiVed.Thisp印erconnectsSuls’two?Stagemodelwiththerelatedknowledgeinmemeticstoanalyzethresearchmaterial,andproposesatheoreticalmodelformeanalysisoftheVerbalhumorinFengXiaogang’scomedymoVies.nalsosummarizessixcharacteristicsofthehumorouslanguagememesinFengXiaogang’scomedymovies,listssomelanguagememesin也efilmwhichbecomesthecatchwordsinpeople’sdailylif’eandgiVesseVenreasonswhytheycangetpopularamongpeople.ItishopedthatthroughtheintensiVetudyofthelanguageinhisfilms,thiseiscouldhelpmeaudienceunderstandand印preciateFengXiaogang’scomedymoViesbtteraswellasrealizethskillsandcharnlofthe1anguageinhisnlms.KeyWords:memeticslinesinFengXiaogang’scomedymoVieslanguagememeS摘要本文以馮小剛的八部喜劇電影為研究素材,以模因論為指導(dǎo),并結(jié)合乖訛消解論分析了馮小剛喜劇電影中幽默話語的幽默機(jī)制,幽默語言模因的特點(diǎn)和傳播模式,以及為何電影中的某些語言模因能夠成為人們生活中的流行語。研究結(jié)果說明,電影中幽默的產(chǎn)生源自于兩對(duì)不協(xié)調(diào)因素的消解,一是語言模因的內(nèi)部因素,即內(nèi)容與形式,二是語言模因的外部因素,即缺省語境與新語境。語言模因以基因型或表現(xiàn)型進(jìn)行復(fù)制和傳播,在此過程中,不協(xié)調(diào)因素會(huì)出現(xiàn),而人們利用對(duì)語言的已有認(rèn)知來對(duì)乖訛進(jìn)行消解的過程正是幽默被感知的過程。論文將Suls的二階段模型與模因論的有關(guān)知識(shí)相結(jié)合,在分析了大量的語料之后,提出了分析馮小剛喜劇電影中言語幽默的理論模型,同時(shí)總結(jié)了馮小剛幽默電影中幽默語言模因的六大特點(diǎn),并以詞、句子和段落為分類依據(jù)列舉了電影里那些成為人們生活中流行語的語言模因以及提出了它們能夠成為流行語的七種原因。希望通過本論文的研究,觀眾可以認(rèn)識(shí)到馮小剛喜劇電影臺(tái)詞的語言技巧和魅力,以便更好的理解和欣賞他的喜劇電影。關(guān)鍵詞:模因論馮小剛喜劇電影臺(tái)詞語言模因ContentsAcknowledgementsAbstract摘要Chapter1Introduction??11.2DataCollectionandResearchMetodology??.11.3Pu印oseandSignificanceofthStudy??.21.40rganizationoftheStudy2Chapter2LiteratureReview一52.1DefinitionofHumor??..52.2V色rbalHumorResearches72.2.1IntroductiontoV|erbalHumor..72.2.3PreviousLinguisticSudiesonVerbalHumor..112.3PreviousResearchesonFngXiaogang’sComedyMoVies14Chapter3Theo化ticalFrame?l73.1DefjnitionofMeme??..173.2FeaturesofaSuccessfulMeme?183.3FourStagesofMemeRplication?.203.4TheRelationshipbetweenMmeandLanguage??..213.5ReplicationndTransmissionPattemfLanguageMems22Chapter4MemeticStudyofFeng’sComedyMoVies254.1hcongmity?ResolutionTheoUintheInte印retationofVrerbalHumor.254.2VerbalHumofandIncongruityofLanguageMems??一284.3VerbalHumorCausedbyGenotypeandPhenotype?334.3.1LanguageMemesReplicatedandTransmittedbyGenotype??334.3.2LanguageMemesReplicatedandTransmittedbyPhnotype..384.4CharacteristicsoftheHumorousLanguageMemes?454.4.1DialectsBo盯owing??454.4.2CatchwordsorCatchphrasesBorrowing??..484.4.4ForeignLaguagesBorrowing??.534.4.6WbrdsBon.owingofPoliticalorMiita拶Style564.5ClassicalLinesandPopularLnguageMemes.594.6ReasonsforthePopularityofSomeMovieLines??634.6.1Practicalitv一644.6.2RationalitV?644.6.3SaIience??.654.6.4Authoritativeness..664.6.5Coherence?664.6.6Ani咖??一674.6.7Humorousness??674.7Summarv??68Chapter5Conclusion??7l5.1M旬orFindings??715.2SignmcanceofmStudy??715.3LimitationsandSuggestionsf-ortheFurtherStudy?.72Worl‘sCited?.73發(fā)表論文和參加科研情況IIChapterlIntroductionChapter1Introduction1.1BackgroundoftheStudyTbfindouthereasonfbrcontinuousvariationinculturalbehaviors.severalscholarshaVetriedtomakeacomparatiVesudybasedonthetheoryofnaturaleVolutionandselectionsncetheearly1970s.Amongthoseauthors,RichardDawkins,whocreatedhetenn‘‘meme’’ontheaaIogyfthehereditaryunitinbiology,thegene,popularizedthememticapproach.Sincethen,thisinventedterm“meme’’hasbeenwidelyusedinVariouscontexts,affbctinglotsofdsciplines.TherearemanyotherscholarssuchasSusanBlackmore,DouglasHof’StadterndDanielDennett,whobecomesupportersofmemeticsandmadegreatef佑rtsomakeittowhatiisnow.Thoughthetimef’oritsdeVelopmentisshon,thisneldeVenhasthescienti行cjoumalandiswidelyusedincomputersciencememeticalgorthmsandmarketingviralmarketing.SusanBlackmorewrotehebasicbooknmemetics,7協(xié)P^勿聊PA如c廳f,?Pandmorercently,KateDistinwrote7瀝P&f肛咖^彘聊巴以Cr豇七訂f尺P以ssPssmP胛f.“Theconceptofmemecanbedennedasaninf.onnationpattern,heldinanindiViduaI’smemo叫,whichiscapableofbeingcopiedtoanotherindividual’smemoU.Memeticscanthenbedennedasthetheoreticalandempiricalsiencethatstudiesthereplication,spreadandeVolutionofmemes’’HeylighenandClilens2021:3205.Sincethestabl.shmentofthedisciplineofmemes,Iotsofsudieshavebeendoneindif詫rentacademicsectors,andithasalsocaughttheattentionoflinguistics.ThisthesisisjustastudyonlanguagememesinFengxiaogang’seightcomedymoVies.FengXjaogangisoneofthebestmoViedirectorsinChina.Amonghismovies,comediesenjoythehighestpopularity.ApartfromtheimportantelementssuchastheactingleVelofactorsoractresses,storydesign,themeandscne,movie1.nesplaysasignincantroleinthesuccessofamoVie,especiallyforacomedymovie.SothispaperselectsthelinesinFengXjaogang’scomedymoViesasthelanguagemtrial.1.2DataCo¨ectionandResearchMethodology天津工業(yè)大學(xué)頌士學(xué)位論文ThedataofthisthesisaretheIinesf.rolllFengXiaogang’seightcomedymoVies.Andtheightmoviesare砌PD旭日聊心c,o‖1997甲方乙方,眈砌P旭or忱勛“伽1998不見不散,勛刪B口吵1999沒完沒了,B喀鼬o,每砌刀P廠以,2001大腕,Qff尸加玎P2003,彳%r肼晰f辦。們砌耙ws2004天下無賊,礦場“伽砌P鋤P,2021非誠勿擾Iand礦碭“伽砌Pp聆PⅣ2021非誠勿擾JI.Asforthemethodology,thispapermanlyreliesonthemethodofqualitatiVeanalysis.QualitatiVenalyssrequiresdataandideas.DatacnnotbeanaIyzedwithoutideas.Inthemeantime,ideasmustbeshapedandtestedbydata.Therefore,thepresentresearchisf.ocusedonthetheoreticalexplanatiollndataanalysis.1.3PurposeandSignificanceoftheStudyThispaperintendstoanalyzethIanguagememephenoInenolliFengXiaogang’scomedymoVies,explainthegeneration111echanismofVerballlullloru11derthetheoreticaIdrectionofincongruity?resolutiontheryandmemetics,illustratethetransmissionpattemoflanguagememesandsummarizethefeaturesoflanguagememesinhisnlms.Beingappreciatedbymanyaudiences,FengXiaogallg’smoViesdennitelyhavethevalueofresearch,especiallythehumorouslinesparedwithp
IpersstudyinghisfilmsfomtheperspectiVeofliteraturetheorya11dfillllology,theonesrelatedolinguisticsarerelatiVelyfw,andamongtheselimitedrsearches,onecanhardlynndtheapplicationofmemeticsinthisarea.Becauseofthisreason,thisp叩eristryingtoapplythistheorytotheFengXiaogang’s行l(wèi)manaysis,hopingtoprovideanewangletoenrichteresearchesonmemeticsandFellgXiaogang’scomedy6lms.1.4organizationoftheStudylnthispaper,therearenVeparts,namely,introductioll,literaturereView,theoreticalfraInework,memeticstudyoft11eVerbalhumorinFengXiaogang’seightcomedvmoiesandconclusion.Chapteroneisageneralintroductionofhjspaper,includingbackgroundofthestudy;purposeandsigni行canceofthestudyaswellastheorganizationofthestudy.ChapterwoistheliteraturereViewwhichpresentst11edennitionofhumor,verbalhumoranditsresearch,threeclassicaltheoriesnhumorstudy,preVious2ChapterlIn仃oductionlinguisticudiesonVerbalhumorandpreViousstudiesonFengXiaogang’seightcomedymoVies.ChapterheegiVesadescriptionofthetheoreticalflrameworkinthispaper,includingthede行nitionofmeme,featuresofasuccessfulmeme,fourstagesofmemerepIication,therelationshipbetweenmmeandlanguage,replicationandtrnsmissionpattemoflanguagemems.Chapterfouristhemainpartwhichadoptstheincongruity-resolutionthe巧andmemeticstoexplainVerbalhumorinFengXiaogang’scomedymoVieswiththehelpofexamples,illustratestwotransmissionmodesof1anguagememesinhisnIm,summarizesthecharacteristicsofthehumorouslanguagememesandiscussesthrelationshipbetweenclassicallinesandpopularnguagemems.Chapter行Vemaksaconclusionofthispaper,whichshowsthemajornndingsandthesignincanceofthestudy,pointsuthelimitationsandgiVessuggestionsfbrfurtherstudy.3天津工業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文Chapter2LiteratureReViewChapter2LiteratureReView2.1DennitionofHumorHumorpermeateseVryaspectofsocietyandhasdonesof.orthousandsofyears.PeoplenowexperienceitdailythoughteleVision,newspapers,literatureandcontactwithothers.AsArthurAsaBe唱ersays,“itnsinuatesitslfintoeve呵aspectofour1.Vesandsticksitbignoseinwherewdon’twanti,’Be略er1993:1.Theterm“hLImor’’derivesfromthe‘‘humoralmedicineoftheancientGreeks,,1whichmeans“bodyfluid〞.Itholdsthathehumanbodywasfilledwithfourbasicsubstances?blood,phlegm,yellowbicholer,andbackbilemelancholy,andeachofthemiscaIledakindofhumor.Whenthefourkindsofhumorsaeinbalance.apersonishealthy.Thewordwasnotusedasanaestheticconeptionuntilthelate17‘hcenturV.Sincethenrsttimethattheword“humor,’hasarouedthecuriosityofpeople,therehaVebeenmanygreatmindsstudyingonit,from“AristotleandKanttoBe略sonandFreud.1thasalsof.ascinatednplayedanimportantprintheworkofourgreatestwriterssuchasCerVantes,Shakespeare,Moliere,Swiftand7rwain〞Bergerl993:2.Althoughhlmorisacommonphenomenoninsociallife,aswllasanimportantissueinartmakingpracticeandartisticappreciation,thereisstillagatdealofcontroVersyaboutwhathumorisaRerthousandsofyearsofresearches,becauseitisdifnculttomakeclearitsconnotationndenotation.TheE91.shdramatistWlliamCongreVealsosighsthat‘’’roDe行neHumour,perhaps,weresdi儂cult,asDenneWit;forlikethat,itsinfiniteVariety.TbEnumeratetheseveralHumoursofMen,wereaWorkasendless,astosumuptheirseVeralOpinions’’LindsayandErskine?Hill1989:91.Althoughdenningthetenn“humor,’isnoteay,lotsofdomesticandoverseasscholarsstillgiVedefinitionsohumorf-omtheirownpointsofView.InAttardo’sView,“humorisatemlincluding“an〞hingthatisormaybe’’Seeb!!乜:』』§!!:型iKi乜
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5天津工業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文consideredtobe“funny,amusing,orlaughable〞.Attardo20ll:l35Apte,theAmericanscholara唱uesthat“humorispeopIe’sunconsciousexperience〞Aptel985:l4,anditisthe‘‘exte“orwold〞thatmakeshumorfhlIofhappinessandjoy.AlisonRossgivesabroaddennitionhathumoris“somethjllgthatmakesapersonlaughorsInjle〞Ross1998:1.AccordingtPalmer,humorisanythjngthatistrulyorpotentially“funnyorlau曲able’’PaImerl994:3,anditisaIsotheprocessbywhichthe“funlliness’’occurs.11111isvieW,umorreasonleadstofunyresult,thatisosay,humorcanbeseenasageneraItermofthoseindepelldente11titieshatcausef-unniness,orratherlaughter.Raskinproposesto‘‘usethetenll‘hulnor’intheleastrestrictedsense,interchangeablywith‘thefunn〞’Raskinl985:8.SinceLinYutangintroduced‘‘humor’’in1924,therehaVebeenmanyChinesescholarsgiVingtheirownexplanationstohumor,amongwhomLinmustbet11enrsttobementioned.Heclaimsthathumorhasitsbroadmeaningadnarrowmeaning.Thebroadhumoristhosethingswhicllmakepoplelaugh,andeVentheVulgarjokesareincluded;inthenarrowsense,humorjsdiferentf的mwit,ironyandsatire,andt11epositiVeaspectsinthebroadhumoraremphasized.Lin2007:l39LaoShefbcusesonthepsychosocialsideofpeopIe.Heholdsthat行rstofal,huInorisastateofmind?ahumorousperonwritesthefunnypointsofaffairsnhuInanlifesk川fullyaRerperceivingthem.Hesesthedenciencyoftheworld,andiswill.ngtoshowittoothers.Headmitsthedefectsofhumanbeing,soeVeryoneisamusing,andheisnottheexceptionparedwithone’snnitelifespan,hisinnniteatemptsarecontradictoryand“diculous,soIaughtercntainssympathy.Laol999:258ComparedwithtedennitionsgiVenbytheWestemscholars,thenarrowsenseisprefbrredbythetraditionalViewofhumorinChina.Itpaysattelltiontothesocialmeaning,humanisticspirt,cultureandaesthetics,butexpelstheabsurd,waggery,witandsatire.Thisistheoreticallyundisputable,butthboundarybetweenhumorandthelatterisnotclearintheactualpractice,whichisagreedbymanyChineselinguistsandwriters.ThescholarChenWangdaoholdsthatinfact,purehumorandpureironyarenotmuch,andtheyarealwaysmixingtogetherC11en1980:83.1nLaoShe’spointofvieW,thereareobviousdifrerencesbetweensatireandhumori11theanalysis,butthey6Chapter2LiteratureReViewcanbeneVerstrictlyseparatedinapplication.SunShaozhenaIsosaysthatwaggeryandhumorhaVealmostthesamesemanticmsmatch;therefore,waggerycanbeconsideredasthef、oundationofhumorSunand7rang1998:50.HouBaolin,awell?knownmasterofcrosstalkellsuthatwitandhumorareinseparable;f.romalargenumberoffactsinourlifeandworksoronthestage,wecanalsonndthatwitcontainshumorandViceverseHoul987:2.Inrecentyears,thebroaddennitioniswidelyadoptedinthelinguisticresearch.Therefore,consideringtheoperabilityorthegeneraIacceptabilityofhumorresearchpreViousresearches,thispaperboadlyenneshumoras:workswhichanmakesb.1aughtroughacenainfbrmoflanguageincludingspokenandwrittenfIonlls.Thisde6nitionissimilarwithtatwhichisgiVenbyAlisonRoss,andRossalsopointsoutthat“l(fā)ikeallstraightfbn^,arddennitions,exceptionscanbf.ound’’Rossl998:1.Itispossibletoconsidersomethingasf-unny,eVenthoughtherewasnobodylaughingatthetime;anditisalsothefactthatsomethingcacausepeoplelaugh,butsomeonedoesn’tthinkitishumorous.“Smilingandlaughtercanalsobeasignoffearorembarrassment.Despitethseobjections,theresponseisanimportantfctorincountingsomethingashumour’’Ross1998:1.Thede6nitionhghlightstwocharacteristicsofhumor:ontheonehand,itcanmakepeoplelaugh,whichisnotownedbylotsofotherVerbalforms.Laughis,fromthecommonsense,apracticalstartingpointtodennehumour_??_though“notasufncientorecessarycondition’’Ross1998:2.0ntheotherhand,humorisexpressedthroughcertainf’ormsoflanguagesspokenorwritt,andnonVerbalonessuchasmimes,acircuscomic,comicpicturesetc.arenothestudyobjectofhispaper.2.2VbrbaIHumorResearchesForthequestionthathowmanydifrerentkindsofhumorarethereintheworld,criteriajuststheydennehumorfromdif詫rentperspectives.Someclassincationsarebasedonitsrelationshipwithlanguages,ontheintensionofthehumormaker,andon7天津工業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文itsemanticcontentsandsoon.Accordingtotherelationshipbetweenhumorandlanguage,humorcanbedividedintoverbalhumorandnon?verbalhumor.Theformerisexpressedby111eallsofalinguisticsystem,while,insomestuations,humorcanbealsoachieVedt11roughthelatterf-0m1.Themosttypicalnon?VerbalhumormustbeCharlieChaplin’ss訂entmovie,inwhichhumorisexpressedthroughhisfUnnybehaViors.Thedulnbshow‘‘?豳ff,曙C向fc七P胛’’perf.0rmedbyWangJingyuonthestageoftheSpringFestiValGainl983isalsoanexampleofthenon?VerbaIhumor.Apartf-romthosedynamicones,namely,physicalations,thestaticones,suchasanamusingpicture,afunnydress,acaricatureandsoonareaIsonon?vel.baI11umor.Andinthethesis,onlytheVerbalhumorwillbediscussed.Verbalhumorisalwaysmistakenasthewholeofhumorbecauseitissowidelyused.AccordingtoTanDaren,itcanbegroupedintotwocategoriesaccordillgtotherolethatlanguagepIaysinhumor,11amely,humorexpressedorcreate