高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀之說(shuō)明文訓(xùn)練（含答案）

PAGEPAGE122022高考英語(yǔ)閱讀之說(shuō)明文訓(xùn)練（含答案）(A)Oneoutofthreekidsinourcountryarenowconsideredobese(過(guò)度肥胖的)．Lifeisdifferentnowfromwhenwegrewup.Thedaysofallowingourchildrentoridetheirbikesandplayoutsidearenearlygone.Withtheaveragekidspendingsevenhoursadayonallscreenmediacombined(TV，videos，DVDs，computertimeoutsideofschoolwork，andvideogames)，ourchildrenarenotgettingtheminimumrequirementofonehourofexerciseperdaythattheyneed.Thisneedstobechanged，butwheredowestart?Weleadbyexample.Ifyoudon'tworkout，yourchildrenmostlikelywon'teither.Childrenwillmimicwhatyoudomorethanthey'lleverlistentowhatyousay.Howmanytimeshaveyouthought，“Mychildisjustlikeme？”Manyofuswaittohavetheperfecttimetoexercise，butweneedtodeliberatelymakethetime.Ifnecessary，exercisingfor10minutesthreetimesadayisagreatwaytogetstarted.Afterall，someactivityisalwaysbetterthannone.Agreatwaytoensurethatyourwholefamilybenefitsfromfitnessactivitiesistodoactivitiesthatyourwholefamilycandotogether.Youcantakewalksafterdinner，playinthebackyard，putonaZumbavideoanddancewithyourkids，signyourchildrenandyourselfupforclassesatthelocalgym，andhike，bike，andswimontheweekends.Iknowyou'rebusy.Butweallgetthesame24hoursinaday，andweneedtomakethemcount.Theexcuseof“Idon'thaveenoughtime”isaveryrealone，butwithawareness(意識(shí))ofourtimemanagementandplanning，wecanalldobetter.Organizeyourlife，livebyaschedule，andmodelthebehavioryouwanttoseeinyourchildren.1．Whatcontributestochildhoodobesityintheauthor'sopinion?A．Children'shobbies.B．Parents'habits.C．Thelivingenvironment.D．Theschoolrequirements.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mimic”probablymean?A．Copy. B．Wonder.C．Approve. D．Suspect.3．Accordingtothetext，weshouldmakethetimetoexerciseby________.A．limitingscreentimeB．schedulingitinadvanceC．consultingourgymcoachD．talkingwithourfamilymembers4．Whydoestheauthoradviseparentstodevelopthehabitofexercising?A．Tofightagainstageing.B．Tocontroltheirweight.C．Toimprovetheirfitness.D．Tosetanexampletotheirkids.(B)MeetsomeofthenativesofHawaiianstodayandyoumayjustfindthatnotmuchhaschangedintheirnature-lovingculture.ManyHawaiiansshowinterestandactivelytakepartintheancientartsandcraftsoftheirancestors.Theyareenthusiasticaboutpreservingtheircultureandtheirtraditions，whichmakesthemoneofthemostlong-lastingandperseveringculturesintheworld.PerhapsitisbecauseoftheirclosetieswithandrespectfornaturethattheHawaiiansholdonsotightlytotheirways.Perhapsthemostheart-warmingaspectofHawaiiancultureissimplytheirinviting，welcomingandhospitable(好客的)spirit.Kindnesscanbeseeninthesmilesontheirfacesandtheuniquegreeting“Aloha！”“Aloha”iscommonlyusedtosay“hello”or“goodbye”．Onadeeperlevel，however，thisisalsoagreetingthatismeanttoexpressaspiritofharmony(和諧)，positivityandgoodnessamongoneanother.WhennativeHawaiiansgreetyou“Aloha”，theyareexpressingtheirlove，respectandgoodwishes.Inmanyways，thesimplicityoftheword“Aloha”anditsdeepmeaningreflect(反映)thebeautyoftheHawaiianislandsanditspeople.Thethemehereseemstobethatthebeautyisinthedetails.TheHawaiiancultureisinfluencedjustasmuchbysocial，politicalandeconomicfactorsasitisbythechangingtides，risingmountains，livingforestsandshinningstars.IfyouplanontakingavacationtoHawaii，remembertotakesometimetorelaxandgettoknowthepeopleandthespiritof“Aloha”．You'resuretotakepleasureinenjoyingeverylittledetailofHawaii－itscultureanditspeople.1．WhydoHawaiianstakeanactivepartintheancientartsandcrafts?A．Toattractmoretourists.B．Topreservetheirculture.C．Tolearnabouttheirearlyhistory.D．Toshowrespecttotheirancestors.2．Whatisthemostheart-warmingaspectofHawaiianculture?A．Theirloveofnature.B．Theirsimplewayofliving.C．Theirkindnesstovisitors.D．Theirspecialwayofgreeting.3．WhatcanwelearnabouttheHawaiians'uniquegreeting“Aloha”？A．Itsmeaningiscomplexandunclear.B．Itismainlyusedtoexpressthefeelingoflove.C．Itisusuallyusedtogreetpeopleforthefirsttime.D．IthasadeepspiritualmeaningtonativeHawaiians.4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．TheHawaiianculture.B．ThebeautyofHawaii.C．ThenativesofHawaiians.D．ThegoodspiritofHawaiians.(C)Whileyoumightnotrealizeit，theenvironmentwhereyousleepcanmakeagreatdifferenceintheactualqualityofsleepthatyougeteverynight.Withafewsimplelifestylechanges，youcancreateahealthysleepenvironmentthathelpsimproveyoursleepquality.Gotobedandgetupatthesametimeeveryday，evenonweekends，holidaysanddaysoff.Studiesshowthatpeoplewhodosoaremorerestedthanthosewhosleepirregularly(不規(guī)律地)．Gotosleeponlywhenyoustarttofeelsleepy.Ifyoudon'tfallasleepwithinabout15minutes，getupanddosomethingrelaxing.Gobacktobedwhenyouaretired.Payattentiontowhatyoueatanddrink.Don'tgotobedeitherhungryorstuffed.Yourdiscomfortmightkeepyouup.Avoidcaffeine(咖啡因)6hoursbeforeyousleep.Havingacupofcoffeewithinafewhoursofbedtimecankeepyouawakeforhourswhenyouaretryingtosleep.Coffeeisn'ttheonlyproductcontainingcaffeine.Avoidchocolateandtea，too.Alsolimit(限制)howmuchyoudrinkbeforebedtopreventtripstothetoiletatnight.ManypeopleturnontheTVbeforetheygotobed.TVinfluencesyournaturalsleephabitsbymakingyoustayuplongerthanyouusuallywould，especiallyifyouarewatchingsomethingexciting.InsteadofturningontheTV，readabook.Lightreadingbeforebedcanhelpyoufallintoadeepsleepquickly.Ifyousufferfromserioussleepproblems，gotoyourdoctor.Yourdoctorwillhelptreattheproblemormayadviseyoutoseeasleepspecialist.1．Whatshouldyoudotomakesureyouhaveagoodsleepatweekendsaccordingtothetext?A．Getupabitlaterthanusual.B．Gotobedataregulartime.C．WatchsomerelaxingTVprograms.D．Avoiddrinkingcoffeeorteaintheday.2．Whatdoestheauthoradviseyoutodoifyoucan'tfallasleepafterlyinginbedfor15minutes?A．Todrinksomewater.B．Todosomelightreading.C．Tolistentolightmusic.D．Togetupandrelax.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stuffed”inParagraph4mean?A．Havingslepttoomuch.B．Havingeatentoomuch.C．Feelingtoosad.D．Feelingtotired.4．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Whattodobeforegoingtobed.B．Theimportanceofsleepingwell.C．Howtoimproveyoursleepquality.D．Therelationshipbetweensleepandlifestyle.(D)Isyourbedroomreallyhot?Ifitis，itmaybeaffectingyourmemory，andotherthinkingskills.Newresearchshowsthatsleepinginahotroomcanaffectthethinkingabilityofevenhealthyyoungadults.ThisfindingcomesfromHarvardUniversity.Researcherstherelookedat24studentsbefore，duringandafteraheatwavefor12days.Ofthe24students，foursleptinroomswithair-conditioning，alsocalled“AC”forshort.And20sleptinroomswithoutAC.JoseGuillermoledthestudy.Hesaidtheyalsousedtoolsthatrecordedphysicalactivity，includingheartrate，sweat，andsomesleepconditions.Theresearchersalsonotedhowmuchwaterthestudentsdrankandhowmuchtimetheyspentoutside.Basically，theyfoundgreatharmtothethinkingabilityofthestudyparticipants(參與者)inroomswithoutAC.Duringtheheatwave，studentsinbuildingswithoutACperformedonaverage13percentworseattheteststhanthoseincoolerrooms.Specifically，thestudentswhosleptwithoutACduringaheatwavewereslowertorespondandhaddifficultymakingquickdecisions.DaisyChang(whowasnotpartofthisstudy)isapsychologistatMichiganStateUniversity.Shesaystherecouldbeotherreasonsfortheirpoorperformance.“Alotofreasonscouldpotentiallyexplainthiskindofexposureeffect.It'snotnecessarilydirectlyexposuretoheat.Theheatcouldhaveaffectedtheirsleepqualitysothey'relessrested—theyhavelessenergy，ormentalresources，orabilitytofocus.”TheroomswithoutAChadfansandopenwindows.So，theywerelouderatnight.Thiscouldhavemadesleepingdifficult.Ontheotherhand，airconditionedroomscanholdhigherlevelsofcarbondioxide.Thiscanalsoaffectaperson'sabilitytothink.However，thestudentssleptbetterinacoolerroom.1．Accordingtotheresearch，whatisnegativelyaffectedifyourbedroomisreallyhot?A．Heartrate. B．Waterintake.C．Bloodpressure. D．Thinkingability.2．WhydoestheauthormentionDaisyChang?A．Toshowhowtheheatwaveaffectspeople.B．Toexplainwherethefindingcanbeapplied.C．Toindicatethefindingneedstobefurtherinvestigated.D．Toexplainthereasonsfortheeffectofexposuretoheat.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”referto?A．TheroomswithoutAC.B．Thefansandopenwindows.C．Theairconditionersthemselves.D．ThestudentsinroomswithoutAC.4．Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?A．Hotweatheraffectsat-riskpopulations.B．Thestudyitselfwascarelesslyprepared.C．Itsfindingiscontradictoryandconfusing.D．Sleepinginhotroomsisbadforthebrain.（E)WhenonethinksofValentine'sDay，he/shethinksoftheholidayoflove.However，theoriginsofthisdayactuallyhaveadarkbackground.AccordingtoH，inaround270A．D.，therewasafertility(生育)festivalcalledLupercalia.Tostartthefestivalthepriestswouldsacrifice(祭祀)agoatforfertility.Thepriestswouldthencutthegoatskinintostrips，dipthemintobloodandgoaroundthestreetsslapping(抽打)womenwiththegoatskin.TheRomanwomenwelcomedtheslapsbecausetheybelieveditwouldmakethemmorefertileinthenextyear.Thesecondpartofthefestivalwasaceremony.Alloftheyoungwomenwouldputtheirnamesinapotandtheunmarriedmenwouldpicktheirpairfortheyearandthewell-matchedpairusuallyendedinmarriage.Itwasn'tuntiltheMiddleAgesthatValentine'sDaybecameconnectedwithlove.InFranceandEngland，F(xiàn)eb.14wasthebeginningofthebirds'mating(交配)season，whichaddedtotheideaofromance.Anditwasn'tuntilthe17thcenturythatitbecamecommonforfriendsandloverstoexchangesmallgiftsornotes.However，intoday'ssocietytherearetwodifferentviewsonthedayoflove.ThefirstisthatValentine'sDayisjustaholidaythatiscreatedbythecard，flower，andjewelleryindustries.ThesecondisthatValentine'sDayisadaytolovethosewhoarehelddeartoone'sheart.Valentine'sDayisamajorholidaythatmillionsofpeoplespendacertainamountofmoneyonforthepeopletheylove.TheapproximateamountofmoneythatisexpectedtobespentonValentine'sDayis$19.7billion.EventhoughValentine'sDayintoday'ssocietyisacelebrationoflove，itoncestartedoutasaholidaycelebratingfertility.1．Whoweremostaffectedby“Lupercalia”inancientRome?A．Children. B．Priests.C．Farmers. D．Women.2．WhatareresponsibleforValentine'sDayinitsmodernsense?A．Religiousactivities. B．Naturalphenomena.C．Politicalsystems. D．Culturalexchanges.3．Whatcanweconcludefromthelastbutoneparagraph?A．Valentine'sDayiscausingdisagreementsamongpeople.B．Valentine'sDayisgoingtobecelebrateddifferently.C．Valentine'sDayisbecomingabigdayforbusiness.D．Valentine'sDayisgraduallylosingitspopularity.4．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ThedarkhistoryofValentine'sDayB．AmajorfestivalinancientRomeC．Valentine'sDayintheMiddleAgesD．Aromanticdayforlovers（F)E-wasteisgrowing，andwiththatcomestheneedforeffectiveelectronicsrecyclingprograms.PeoplearelookingforinformationonTVrecycling，computerrecycling，andotherprogramsthatwillhelpthemresponsiblygetridofunwantedequipment.Withnewcheapdevices(設(shè)備)，societyhasgainedgreatbenefits.However，theyhaveledtoarapidlygrowingissueofend-of-life(EOL)electronicsore-waste.Accordingtoonereport，nearly75percentofoldelectronicscontinuetobestoredathomebecauseoftheunavailabilityofconvenientrecyclingprograms.TheseEOLelectronicdevicesincludesuchitemsasold-fashionedcomputerequipment，televisionsandmobilephones.Suchitemscanoftenberecycled，yetalargeamountstillfindsitswaytothelandfill(垃圾填埋地)．Recentrecyclingisunabletocatchupwiththerapidgrowthofe-waste.Forexample，for2009，theU．S.EPAreportedthatonly8percentofcellphoneswererecycledbyweight，alongwith17percentoftelevisions，and38percentofcomputers.Electronicsrecyclingisessential.Electronicsarearichsourceofrawmaterials.Internationally，only10-15percentofthegoldine-wasteissuccessfullyrecoveredwhiletherestislost.However，electronicwastecontainspreciousmetalevaluatedtobebetween40and50timesricherthanores(礦石)fromtheearth.Additionally，oldelectronicdevicescontainpoisonoussubstances.Properprocessingisessentialtoensurethatthesematerialsarenotreleasedintotheenvironment.Howcanconsumersrecycletheiroldelectronicdevices?Thebestchoiceistodonatecomputerequipmentthatcanbereused.OtherrecyclingopportunitiesincludeelectronicsrecyclerlocationsorelectronicsrecyclingprogramssuchasthoseofferedbyBestBuy.Also，otherprogramsareavailabletohelpuswiththerecyclingofcellphones，suchasthroughCall2Recycle.1．Whatcausedtherapidincreaseofe-waste?A．Thegrowthofnewcheapdevices.B．Thepoorstorageconditionsathome.C．Theunavailabilityofrecyclingprograms.D．Thelackofrelatedenvironmentalpolicies.2．WhatdoestheexampleinParagraph3show?A．Cellphonesarehardtorecycle.B．Theelectronicsrecyclingrateisstilllow.C．EOLelectronicdevicesincludevariousitems.D．Manyelectronicscan'tfindtheirwaytothelandfill.3．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingParagraph4?A．Toshowhowtorecycleelectronicseffectively.B．Toshowwhyitisimportanttorecycleelectronics.C．Todrawpeople'sattentiontoelectronicsrecycling.D．Toaskmorepeopletojoininelectronicsrecycling.4．Weknowfromthelastparagraphthatconsumers________.A．a(chǎn)remorewillingtodonatetheirusedequipmentB．helpCall2RecyclealotinelectronicsrecyclingC．haveanumberofrecyclingopportunitiesD．hopetohavemorerecyclingprograms（G)OldProblem，NewApproaches Whilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarningwillcontinueforsomedecadesafterCO2emission(排放)peak.Soevenifemissionweretobegindecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimate.HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation. Whenitcomestoadaptation，itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard，buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.Thisiswhy,inpartatleast，theUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:“Thereisno‘one-sizefitall’adaptation.”Nevertheless，therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost. Aroundtheworldpeopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsomepoorcountries.FloodshavesomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserverasfloatinglibraries,schools,andhealthclinics,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicatingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity(連接)toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstopreventstarvationduringthewetseason.ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.ChewangNorphellivesinamountainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Thelossofglaciers(冰川)thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.Withouttheglaciers,waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhenitcandamagecrops.Norphel’sinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation(灌溉)water.Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves,Norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3ofwater.Climatechangeisacontinuingprocess,soNorphel’sicereserveswillnotlastforever.Warmingwillovertakethem.Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,beabletofindothermeansofadapting.IncreasingEarth’sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthesuddenincreaseofgreenhouses(whichreflectlightbacktospace)haschangedthewarmingtrendlocally,andactuallycooledtheregion.WhileSpainasawholeisheatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.Thisexampleshouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite,citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess.InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear.ButtheWorldBankhasinclude