初中自招閱讀精練

PAGE16頁(yè)初三自招優(yōu)質(zhì)閱讀匯編復(fù)旦附中1.Whatisthethingcalledhappiness?Forcenturies,peopleweretoobusypursuingit39muchtimeanalyzingit.Nowapioneeringbandofresearchershasfinallybaggedtheelusivequarryoratleasttakenitsmeasure.Usingsuchsophisticatednewtools40thefive-itemLifeSatisfactionScaleandtheseven-pointDelighted-terribleScale(Onascaleofonetoseven,howdoyoufeelaboutyourlife?),socialpsychologistshaveplumbedtheheartofhappiness.Andtheiranswertotheage-old41isthatitalldepends.Happiness,thatis,42whatmakesyoufeelhappy,whichiswhypsychologistsoftencallit“subjectivewell-being.”Butfrom43studiesofvariousageandpopulationgroupsintheUnitedStatesandabroad,theyhavereachedsome44atthetopofthechartsisnot,asmanymightexpect,success,youth,goodlooksoranyofthose45assets.Theclearwinnerisrelationship,closeones,followedbyhappymarriage.Supportive,intimateconnectionswithotherpeopleseem46important.Usingsimplesurveyquestions,psychologistDavidMyersfoundthatthe47happypeoplearethoseinunhappymarriages.Happiestarethosewhomarried48their“bestfriend.”39.A.tospendB.spendingC.hasspentD.havespent40.A.likeB.alikeC.asD.forinstance41.A.psychologyB.mysteryC.solutionD.trick42.A.resultsinB.leansagainstC.dependsonD.arrivesat43.A.realisticB.idealisticC.objectiveD.individualistic44.A.endlesslyB.valedictoryC.harmoniouslyD.consistently45.A.enviableB.reliableC.inevitableD.endurable46.A.vastlyB.tremendouslyC.swiftlyD.basically47.A.mostB.bestC.leastD.worst48.A.toB.withC.forD.offAABCCDBBCB解析：too...to結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)句意與時(shí)態(tài)，所以選擇AAB考查詞組辨析C，取決于考查形容詞辨析，從客觀的 明是對(duì)研究的修飾，所以選擇C副詞辨析的考查，Consistently一致地形容詞辨析的考查，從句意可知：成功，年輕，美貌和任何這些可靠的財(cái)富。reliable可BtremendouslyleastC48.marrywithsb.所以選擇B2.SarahAlexandercelebratedthestartofherlastyearatWellsCollegethewaymanyotherseniorsbeforeherhave.SheranacrossthepicturesquetotheshoresofCayugaLake,whereshejumpedintothewater.Sodidmanyofherfellowseniors.Butdozensofstudentsdecidedtostayaway,especiallytherelativelyfewnewlyarrivedmalestudents.WellsCollege,whichsince1868hadeducatedonlywomen,beganacceptingmenthisyearinhopesofbolsteringitsdwindlingenrollment.Formanystudentsandalumnae,itwasacrushingdecision.AfterthecollegeannouncedlastOctoberthatitwouldgocoeducational,abouthalfofthestudentsprotestedandtwofiledalawsuit,whichtheylaterdropped.Thestudents—33menand383women–campuslatemonthBothsexesarenowtryingtonavigatenewsociallandscape.Mr.Phillipssaid“Youcan’tdoguystuff.Everytimeyouwanttositandwatchsportsoragame,itturnsintoamovie.”Thewomenwere“somewhatnasty.”Icouldseethedirtylooksintheireyes,”hesaid.“ButIwasnotgoingtoletthatstopmefromcoming.”Wellswasaplacewherewomendidnothavetofussovertheirappearanceorfighttobetakenseriouslybytheirprofessors.Theycouldenjoythecamaraderieoftheircampussistersandtheirplayfultraditions.Besidesjumpingintothelake,thewomendancearoundthemaypoleeachMayandkissthefeetofthestatueofMinerva,theRomangoddessofwisdom,beforeexams.Ms.Alexandersaid,“Peopletolduswewouldn’tnoticeadifference,butfromthemomentmenarrivedoncampusnotcouldnoticeadifference.Wakingupearlytoputonmakeup,andthat’sodd,”shesaid.HenryWells,afounderofWellsFargoandafriendofCornell’sbenefactor,EzraCornellestablishedthiscollege,whenwomenwerenotconsideredcapableofhigherlearning.“Givehertheopportunity,”hewrote.Thegreat-great-great-greatgranddaughterofHenryWells,StephanieRedmond,18,ofWashingtonState,saidthatearlierthisyearaWellsstudenthadtrackedherdownandaskedhertosupporttheprotest.ButMs.RedmondsaidthemovethemovetoadmitmenhadencouragedhertoenrollatWellsthisyearasafreshman.Sheplansonacareerinengineering,amale-dominatedfield,andsaidattendinganall-women’scollegemighthaveputheratadisadvantage.TheprimaryreasonfortheWellsCollegetoacceptmenisthatitsenrollmentrateisdeclinethecampusislackofvigorandvitalityitwillfacethedestinyofbeingcloseddownall-women’scollegemightputawomanatadisadvantagetypicalbehaviorforseniorstodoisthattheyjogalongthepicturesquecampustheyswitchsportsprogramstoamovietheycelebratetheiryearbyjumpingintoalaketheyswiminCayugaLakeaccompaniedbyfriends51.Thechangeafterturningintoacoedcollegeisthatdirtylooksinwomen’seyeshavedisappearedwomengetupearlytomakeupWomenarewakingupearlytostudywomendancewithmenaroundthemaypole52.Theattitudeoftheauthoristhatsheharesatraditionofall-womenschoolsshecallsonwomeninsupporttheprotestshedislikesthechangeandhopestofilealawsuitsheobjectivelydescribesthenewanduneasycoeducation53.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNottrue?Theenrollmentofmalestudentscausedcontroversy,Thegrandchildrenofthecollegefounderbenefitedmost.Thecurrentpresidentofthecollegewasalsoitsgraduate.Thefounderhopedtogivewomenopportunitiesofhighereducation.答案：ACBDC解析：細(xì)節(jié)考查題，從第三段第一句可知：Wellscollege接收男生的主要原因是為了提高入學(xué)率。所以選擇ACB主旨考查題，作者的態(tài)度是：她客觀地描述著新的和不安的共同教育。C3.Butwhatisteacherquality?Howcanonemeasureitreliably?AnanalysisisissuedasampleofdataaTexasschooldistrict.Expertsargueconvincinglythatteachereffectivenessshouldbemeasuredbystudents’gainsonstandardizedtests:Mr.SmithispresumablyabetterteacherthanMs.Brownifhisstudentsconsistentlyimprovetheirtestscoresmorethanhersdo.Thoughthisapproachisappealing,therearetrickyissues.Forexample,whatifMs.Brownteachesinaschoolwherestudentsscoresohighthereislittleroomforimprovement?Theauthorstrytocorrectforthisproblem,aswellasothersortsofmeasurementissues,togenerateameasurementofteachereffectiveness.Thepaperisprimarilyconcernedwithhowthismeasureisrelatedtootherobservableteachercharacteristics.Thefirstfindingisthatisalargevariationinteachereffectiveness:someteachershavealargerimpactontheirstudents’achievementthanothers.Second,easilyobservablecharacteristicslikehavingamaster’sdegreeorapassingscoreontheteachercertificationexamarenotcorrelatedwithteachereffectiveness.Thenwhatdoesmatter?Themostimportantsingleinfluenceisexperience:first-yearteachersaremuchlesseffectivethanothers.Thesecondyearissignificantlybetter,andbythefourthyear,mostteachershittheirstride.Itisnotentirelyclearwhetherthisexperienceeffectislearningbydoing(themoreyouteach,themoreeffectiveyoubecome)orsurvivalofthefittest(thosewhoarenotgoodatteachingtendtodropoutearly).Frommyreadingofthepaper,botheffectsappearimportantandthereisnosimpleanswer.Thedatadosuggest,however,thatteachereffectivenessisprettyclearbytheendofthesecondyear,sotheinformationtomakeaninformeddecisionisavailableatthattime.Theauthorsalsoinvestigatethecontentiousissueofracialmatchingofstudentsandteachers.Heretheyfindstrongevidencethatminorityteacherstendtobemoreeffectivewithminoritystudents.Again,itisunclearwhetherthisisbecauseofarolemodeleffect(studentsrespondbetteroftheirownrace)oranempathyeffect(teachersempathizebetterwithstudentsoftheirownrace)orsomethingelseentirely.Theauthorsalsolookatteachermobility.Thereissomeevidencethatteacherswhoquitteachingorswitchschoolstendtobebelowaverageineffectiveness.Thisisconsistentwiththesurvival-of-the-fittestmodel.Theschoolmastercoulddecidewiselywhethertofurtheremploytheteacherbytheendofthe .A.thefirstyear B.thesecondyearC.thethirdyear D.thefourthyear55.Thephrase“hittheirstride”mostprobablymeansA.reachtheirnormallevel B.becomeconfidentC.walkwithlongsteps D.getbored56.Theauthorofthispassageholdstheviewthatteacherswillperformbetterwithtimepassingineffectiveteachersshouldleaveearlierratherthanlaterteacher’seffectivenessisapparentafteracoupleofyearsamaster’sdegreewillimproveteacher’seffectivenessWhydoblackteacherstendtobemoreeffectivewithblackstudents?Studentsfeelsecure,sotheyrespondbetter.Teacherssympathizewithstudentsoftheirownrace.Thereareentirelysomeotheridentifiedreasons.Thereasonsarefarfromclearanddefinite.Whichofthefollowingmayserveasthebesttitle?Tenure,TurnoverandtheQualityofTeachingImpactofTeacherQualityonStudentLearningDifferentSortsofMeasurementIssuesSurvival-of-the-fittestModelvs.Learning-by-doingModel答案：BACDA解析：細(xì)節(jié)題，Thedatadosuggest,however,thatteachereffectivenessisprettyclearbytheendofthesecondyearsotheinformationtomakeaninformeddecisionisavailableatthattime.細(xì)節(jié)題，Themostimportantsingleinfluenceisexperience:first-yearteachersaremuchlesseffectivethanothers.Thesecondyearissignificantlybetter,andbythefourthyear,mostteachershittheirstride推斷題，注意題目問(wèn)題是問(wèn)作者觀點(diǎn)，作者文中談到許多影響教師效率的因素，沒(méi)有很DAB太絕對(duì)，不是作者的觀點(diǎn)。細(xì)節(jié)題，Heretheyfindstrongevidencethatminorityteacherstendtobemoreeffectivewithminoritystudents.Again,itisunclearwhetherthisisbecauseof……or……orsomethingelseentirely.響，C強(qiáng)調(diào)衡量方法，D強(qiáng)調(diào)兩種模型4. DietCoke,dietPepsi,dietpills,on-fatdiet,vegetablediet…Weare51bytheword“diet”everywherewelookandlisten.Wehavesoeasilybeenattractedbythepromiseand52ofdietproductsthatwehavestoppedthinkingaboutwhatdietproductsaredoingtous.Wearepayingforproductsthat53uspsychologicallyandphysically(身體上).Dietproductssignificantlyweakenuspsychologically.Ononelevel,wearenotallowingourbrainsto54thatourweightproblemslienotinactuallylosingtheweight,butincontrollingthe55offatty,high-calorie,unhealthyfoods.Dietproductsallowustojumpoverthethinkingstageandsostraightforthescale(秤)instead.Allwehavetodoistoswallowor56theword“diet”infoodlabels.Onanotherlevel,dietproductshavegreaterpsychologicaleffects.Everytimewehaveazero-caloriedrink,wearetellingourselveswithoutour57thatwedon’thavetoworktogetresults.Dietproductsmakepeoplebelievethatgaincomeswithoutpain,andthatlifecanbewithoutresistancea(n)58.Thedangerofdietproductsliesnotonlyinthepsychologicaleffectstheyhaveonus,butalsointhephysicalharmthattheycause.Dietfoodscan59harmourbodiesbecauseconsumingtheminsteadofhealthyfoodsmeanswearepreventingourbodiesfromhaving60nutrients(營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分).Dietfoodsanddietpills61zerocalorieonlybecausethedietindustryhascreatedchemicalstoproducethesewonderproducts.Dietproductsmaynotbe62andthechemicalsthatgointodietproductsarepotentiallydangerous.Nowthatweareawareoftheeffectsthatdietproductshaveonus,itistimeto63 thinkaboutbuyingthem.Losingweightliesinthepowerofminds,notinthepowerofchemicals.64werealizethis,wewillbemuchbetterabletoresistdietproducts,and65preventthepsychologicalandphysicalharmthatcomesfromusingthem.51.A.confusedB.surroundedC.mixedD.fascinated52.A.potentialB.affectionC.obligationD.calculation53.A.weakenB.harmC.enforceD.inspire54.A.admireB.argueC.denyD.admit55.A.assumptionB.digestionC.dissolutionD.consumption56.A.recognizeB.foreseeC.overlookD.research57.A.frustrationB.ignoranceC.awarenessD.emphasis58.A.maintenanceB.efficiencyC.struggleD.setback59.A.indirectlyB.inevitablyC.incrediblyD.innocently60.A.extraB.basicC.organicD.delicate61.A.containB.persistC.excludeD.melt62.A.nutritionalB.poisonousC.ridiculousD.sensitive63.A.stronglyB.enthusiasticallyC.eagerlyD.seriously64.A.UnlessB.WhileC.ThoughD.Once65.A.thereforeB.otherwiseC.meanwhileD.furthermore答案：51——55BABDDACCAB61——65AADDA解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析；根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句DietCoke,dietPepsi,dietpills,on-fatdiet,vegetablediet這個(gè)詞所圍繞；confused使困惑；surround圍繞，包圍；mixed混合；fascinated使著迷。dietproducts的承諾以及潛能所吸引著。因此選A。考查動(dòng)詞辨析；根據(jù)下文Dietproductssignificantlyweakenuspsychologically.，關(guān)鍵詞weaken，所以本句表達(dá)dietproductsB。D。asupondgeondsouoncsupon消耗；butincontrollingthe55offattyhigh-calorieunhealthyfoods.而是控制脂肪，高卡路里及不健康食物的消耗，因此選D。A。foresee預(yù)見(jiàn)，預(yù)知；overlook忽略?？疾槊~辨析；withoutawareness無(wú)意識(shí)地；因此選C。逆流；根據(jù)文章意思“人們以為生活不需要努力斗爭(zhēng)”，因此選C。考查副詞辨析；indirectly間接地；inevitably不可避免地；incredibly難以置信地；innocentlydietproducts會(huì)間接地傷害我們的身體，因此選A。B。熔化?？疾樾稳菰~辨析；nutritional營(yíng)養(yǎng)的；poisonous有毒的；ridiculous可笑的；sensitive敏dietproductsarepotentiallydangerousdietproducts是沒(méi)有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的，因此A。考查副詞辨析；enthusiastically熱心地；eagerly急切地；我們是時(shí)候應(yīng)該要認(rèn)真，嚴(yán)肅考慮該不該買(mǎi)dietproductsDseriously嚴(yán)肅地，認(rèn)真地。dietproducts。因此選D。害，因此選A。Therefore因此。5.ItwasabittercoldeveninginnorthernVirginiamanyyearsago.Theoldman’sbeardwasglazedbywinter’sfrostwhilehewaitedforarideacrosstheriver.Thewaitseemedendless.Hisbodybecamenumbandstifffromthefrigidnorthwind.Itwaslongbeforeheheardthefaint,steadyrhythmofhooves(馬蹄)alongthefrozenpath.Anxiouslywatchingseveralhorsemencomingup,heletthefirstonepassbywithoutanyefforttogethisattention,thenanotherpassedby,andanother.Finally,thelastriderdrewnearwheretheoldmansatlikeasnowstatuewhenoldmancaughthiseyesandsaid,“Sir,wouldyoumindgivinganoldmanaridetotheotherside?”Stoppinghishorse,theriderreplied,“Sure!Jumpaboard.”Seeingtheoldmanunabletolifthishalf-frozenbodyfromtheground,thehorsemangotdowntohelphim.Thehorsemantookhimnotjustacrosstheriver,buttohisdestinationjustafewmilesaway.Astheyapproachedthetinybutcozycottage,thehorseman’scuriositycausedhimtoinquire,“Sir,Inoticedyouletseveralotherriderspassbywithoutmakinganefforttosecurearide.ThenIcameupandyouimmediatelyaskedmeforaride.Iamcuriouswhy,onsuchabitternight,youwouldwaitandaskthelastrider.WhatifIhadrefusedandleftyouhere?”Theoldmanlookedtheriderstraightintheeyesandreplied,“IreckonIknowpeopleprettygood.Ilookedintotheeyesoftheotherridersandimmediatelyfoundnoconcernformysituation.Itwouldhavebeenuselesseventoaskthemforaride.ButwhenIlookedintoyoureyes,yourgentlespiritwouldwelcometheopportunitytogivemeassistanceinmytimeofneed.”Thoseheart-warmingcommentstouchedthehorsemandeeply.“I’msogratefulforwhatyouhavesaid,”hetoldtheoldman.“MayInevergettoobusyinmyownaffairsthatIfailtorespondtotheneedsofotherswithkindnessandcompassion.”Withthat,ThomasJeffersonturnedhishorsearoundandmadehiswaybacktotheWhiteHouse.Whydidn’ttheoldmanaskthepreviousridersforaride?Becausehewaswaitingforthelastrider.Becausehiseffortsfailedtogettheirattention.Becauseheassumedtheyhadnoconcernforhim.Becausehewastoonumbtolifthishalf-frozenbody.Whatcausedthelastridertostopandhelptheoldman?Theoldman’spoorsituation.Theoldman’swarmcomments.Hisownaffairs.Kindnessandsympathy.Whatdoyouknowabouttheoldman?Hejudgedpeoplebylookingintotheireyes.Helivedinacozycottageafewmilesaway.Hegavethelastrideranopportunitytohelp.Herecognizedthepresidentatfirstsight.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthistext?LookintoyoureyesCompassionofagreatmanThelastridertohelpReturntotheWhiteHouse答案：CDAB解析：otherridersandimmediatelyfoundnoconcernformysituation.對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，我們可以選C.細(xì)節(jié)題；MayInevergettoobusyinmyownaffairsthatIfailtorespondtotheneedsofotherswithkindnessandcompassion.因此選D。Ilookedintoyoureyes,yourgentlespiritwouldwelcometheopportunitytogivemeassistanceinmytimeofneed.”因此選A。69.ThomasJefferson幫助他人的事跡，因此B符合。InternationalInternationalBookClubHaveyoueverthoughtofjoiningabookclubandbuyingnewbooksthroughthepost？HereattheInternationalBookClub，wealreadyhavemanymembersbuyingbooksfromusbymail.Immediatebenefits：Asaecaloeouaychooeanyeducedpebooksomournewsavepoundsonthepublishers’prices.Ticktheboxonyourformtoorderafreewatch.?Ifyoureplywithinsevendays，wewillsendyouanotherfreegiftcarefullychosenfromourbooklistbyourstaff.OrderaDVDfromthemanyonofferinourlist，athalftherecommendedretailprice.Whenyou’vejoined：Asamember，you’llenjoysavingsofbetween30%and50%offthepublisher’spriceoneverybookyoubuy，andwhat’smore，they’llcomestraighttoyourdoor.Yourfreeclubmagazinearrivesonceamonth，tokeepyouuptodatewiththelatestbestsellers.Thismeansthateveryyearweofferover1,000bookstochoosefrom.OntheInternet，youcanfindallourtitlesonourexclusivemembers’website.Beingamember：Allweareaskingyoutodowhileyouareamemberistochoosefourbooksduringyourfirstyear.Afterthat，youcandecideonthenumberofbooksyouwishtotake.Ineachofourmonthlyclubmagazines，ourexperiencedstaffchooseaClubChoicebook—aworkoffictionorareferencetitlewhichtheyfeelisparticularlyworthbuying，andwhichisofferedatanextraspecialprice.However，ifyoudonotwantthisbook，justsaysointhespaceprovidedontheform.Wewillalwayssendthebookifwedonotreceivethis.yourapplicationformtoday，buthurry—it’snoteverydaywecanmakeyouanofferlikethis.Toapplytobecomeamember，allyouneedtodoissimplyfillintheenclosedformandreturnitinthepostagepaidenvelopesupplied.Beforeyouknowit，yourbookswillbewithyou.Pleasedon’tsendanyhaveuptoafortnighttodecideifyouwishtokeepthebooksyouhaveordered.Youshouldtheneitherreturnthebooksorsendyourpayment.Whichofthefollowingdoesn’tbelongtothebenefitsofbeingaclubmember?Getfourbooksforfreeinthefirstyear.Orderafreewatch.Getagiftfornothing.OrderaDVDatalowprice.Everymonththeclubprovidesafreeclubmagazineinorderto .letreadersknowthenumberofbookstobesoldkeepreaderswellinformedofrecentbestsellingbooksmakereadersknowtheclub’sdevelopmentD.attractmoreandmorereaderstojointheclub72．Ifabookisworth$100，howmuchwillamemberprobablysaveifhebuysone?A.$20.B.$40.C.$60.D.$70.Whatshouldyoudoifyouwanttojointhebookclub?Justfillinaformwithpersonalinformationandsendtheclubanemail.Askotherclubmemberstorecommendyoutotheclub.Fillinanapplicationformwithneededinformationandreturnittotheclub.Applyforamembershipcard.答案：ABBC解析：watch；notherfreegift；OrderaDVDfromthemanyonofferinourlist...因此只有A選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到。workoffictionorareferencetitlewhichtheyfeelisparticularlyworthbuying，因此得出B符合。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，定位關(guān)鍵句you’llenjoysavingsofbetween30%and50%ofhepubrspceonerybookoubu30%and50%，因此選項(xiàng)B符合。Toapplytobecomeamember，allyouneedtodoissimplyfillintheenclosedformandreturnitinpaidenvelopesupplied.C符合。7.In1789theU.S.governmentpassedalawwhichsaidthatthelandoftheAmericanIndianscouldneverbetakenfromthemwithouttheiragreement.Onehundredyearslater,however,theIndiansonlyhadaverysmallpartofthelandthatoriginallybelongedtothem.Howdidthisgreatinjusticeoccur?After1812whitesettlersbegantomovewestacrossNorthAmerica.Atfirst,thesettlersandtheIndianslivedinpeace.However,thenumberofsettlersincreasedgreatlyeveryyear,andslowlytheIndiansbegantoseethewhitesettlersasadangertotheirsurvival.Tofeedthemselves,thesettlerskilledmoreandmorewildanimals.TheIndians,whodependedontheseanimalsforfood,hadtostruggleagainststarvation.Thesettlersalsobroughtwiththemmanydiseaseswhichwerecommoninwhitesociety,butwhichwerenewfortheIndians.GreatnumbersofIndiansbecamesickanddied.Between1843and1854theIndianpopulationinoneareaofthecountrywentdownfrom100,000to30,000.Morelandwasneededfortheincreasingnumberofwhitesettlers.InWashington,theoldrespectfortherightsoftheIndiansdisappeared.TheoldpromisestotheIndianswerebroken;thegovernmentbegantomovegroupsofIndiansfromtheiroriginalhomelandstootherpoorerpartsofthecountry.SomeIndiansreactedangrilyandviolentlytothistreatment.Theybegantoattackwhitesettlers,andtheIndianwarbegan.For30years,untilthelate1880s,differentgroupsofIndiansfoughtagainsttheinjusticesofthewhiteman.Theyhadafewfamoussuccesses,buttheresultofthestrugglewasneverindoubt.Thereweretoomanywhitesoldiers,andtheyweretoopowerful.ManyIndianswerekilled;thesurvivorsweremovedfromtheirhomelandstodifferentareasofthecountry.Itwasaterriblechapterinthehistoryofacountrythatpromisedfreedomandequalitytoeveryone.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat .thereweremanylawsthatprovidedtherightsofAmericanIndiansthelawwhichwaspassedin1789bytheU.S.governmentwasnotsuccessfullycarriedoutinthe19thcenturynoinjusticesweredoneagainsttheIndiansbytheU.S.governmentthemajorityofwhitesettlerswereopenlyopposedtothelawpassedin1789AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisTRUE?TheIndiansbelievedthatkillingtoomanywildanimalshaddisturbedthebalanceofnature.ThegovernmentbegantohaveabetterunderstandingoftheIndiansinthefiftiesofthe19thcentury.Between1843and1854about70,000Indianswerekilledinthebattle.ThewhitescarriedseriousdiseasesintowheretheIndianslived.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat .theIndianshadmanygreatsuccessesintheIndianswarstheIndianshadnodoubtthattheywouldwinthewarsafterthewartheIndiansstayedwheretheywerebeforetheIndiansweretooweaktowinthestruggleWhatisthewriter’sopinionaboutthetreatmentthattheIndiansreceivedfromtheU.S.government?HebelievedthatthegovernmentalwaysrespectedtherightsoftheIndians.Hebelievedthatthegovernmentcan’tbecriticizedforitstreatmenttotheIndians.HebelievedthatthegovernmenttreatedtheIndiansunjustly.Hebelievedthatthegovernment’sunfairtreatmentagainsttheIndianswasnotonpurpose.BDDC解析：75.解析：從Thesettlersalsobroughtwiththemmanydiseaseswhichwerecommoninwhitesociety,butwhichwerenewfortheIndians.可知白人給印度人所住地帶去了嚴(yán)重的疾病，D正確。77.ManyIndianswerekilled;thesurvivorsweremovedfromtheirhomelandstodifferentareasofthecountry.Itwasaterriblechapterinthehistoryofacountrythatpromisedfreedomandequalitytoeveryone.可知，作者認(rèn)為美國(guó)政府對(duì)印度人的做法是不公平的。8.Thequestionofwhetherourgovernmentshouldpromotescienceandtechnologyortheliberalartsinhighereducationisn’taneither/orproposition(命題)，althoughthecurrentemphasisonpreparingyoungAmericansforSTEM(science,technology,engineering,maths)-relatedfieldscanmakeitseemthatway.Thelatestcongressionalreportacknowledgesthecriticalimportanceoftechnicaltraining,butalsoassertsthatthestudyofthehumanities(人文學(xué)科)andsocialsciencesmustremaincentralcomponentsofAmerica’seducationalsystematalllevels.Botharecriticaltoproducingcitizenswhocanparticipateeffectivelyinourdemocraticsociety,becomeinnovative(創(chuàng)新的)leaders,andbenefitfromthespiritualenrichmentthatthereflectiononthegreatideasofmankindovertimeprovides.Parentsandstudentswhohaveinvestedheavilyinhighereducationworryaboutgraduates’jobprospectsastechnologicaladvancesandchangesindomesticandglobalmarketstransformprofessionsinwaysthatreducewagesandcutjobs.Underthesecircumstances,it’snaturaltolookforwhatmayappeartobethemost“practical”wayoutoftheproblem“Majorinasubjectdesignedtogetyouajob”seemstheobviousanswertosome,thoughthisignoresthefactthatmanydisciplinesinthehumanitiescharacterizedas“soft”often,infact,leadtoemploymentandsuccessinthelongrun.Indeed,accordingtosurveys,employershaveexpressedapreferenceforstudentswhohavereceivedabroadly-basededucationthathastaughtthemtowritewell,thinkcritically,researchcreatively,andcommunicateeasily.Moreover,studentsshouldbepreparednotjustfortheirfirstjob,butfortheir4thand5thjobs,asthere’slittlereasontodoubtthatpeopleenteringtheworkforcetodaywillbecalledupontoplaymanydifferentrolesoverthecourseoftheircareers.Theoneswhowilldothebestinthisnewenvironmentwillbethosewhoseeducationshavepreparedthemtobeflexible.Theabilitytodrawuponeveryavailabletoolandinsight—pickedupfromscience,arts,andtechnology—tosolvetheproblemsofthefuture,andtakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesthatpresentthemselves,willbehelpfultothemandtheUnitedStates.(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTWELVEWORDS.)ThelatestcongressionalreportsuggeststhatWhatisthemainconcernofstudentswhentheychooseamajor?Whatkindofjobapplicantsdoemployerslookfor?Whatsuggestionsdoestheauthorgivetocollegestudents?答案：ThehumanitiesandSTEMsubjectsshouldbegivenequalimportance.Theirchancesofgettingagoodjob.Thosewhohavereceivedawell-roundededucation.Preparingthemselvestobeflexible;achievingeveryavailabletoolandinsight.解析：解析：從第二段第一句thestudyofthehumanities(人文學(xué)科)andsocialsciencesmustremaincentralcomponents可知，報(bào)告認(rèn)為社會(huì)科學(xué)，人文科學(xué)和科學(xué)技術(shù)一樣重要。解析：由“Majorinasubjectdesignedtogetyouajob”seemstheobviousanswertosome可知。選一門(mén)專(zhuān)業(yè)是為了獲得一份工作似乎是一些人明顯的答案。9.ThefreezingNortheasthasn’tbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtimethiswinter，sowhenthechancecameforaweekendtoSarasota，F(xiàn)lorida，mybagswerepackedbeforeyoucouldsay“unshneIetorheandofahandanC(維生素ChnkngofeachsandoagetreesWhenwetoucheddowntoblueskiesandwarmair，Isentupasmallprayerofgratefulness.Swimmingpools，winetasting，andpinksunsets(atnormaleveninghours，not4intheafternoon)filledtheweekend，butthebestpart—particularlytomytaste，dulledbymonthsofcodeaherootegeabes—asa7.adenueoheaoaae’akethatpoedtobemorethanworththeearlywake?upcall.Themarket，whichwasfoundedin1979，setsupitstentseverySaturdayfrom7a．m.to1p．m.，rainorshine，alongNorthLemonandStatestreets.Basketsofperfectredstrawberries；heedpaneddesofheaaDagcoeeuckndostofaheoaoeaazngag，softandroundredtomatoes.Disappointedbymanyabroken，vine?ripened蔓上成熟的)promise，I’verefusedtobuywintertomatoesforyears.Nomatterhowattractivetheylookinthestore，onceIgetthemhomethey’reunfailinglydry，hard，andtasteless.ButIhomedin，withuncertainty，ononeparticulartableattheBrown’sGroveFarm’sstand，fulloffreshandsofttomatoesthesizeofmyfist.Theseweretherealdeal—andatthatmoment，IrealizedthatthebestpartofSarasotainwinterwasgoingtobeeatingthingsthatbackhomeinNewYorkIwouldn’tbeexperiencingagainformonths.DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight，myhappinessdeepenedwhenIlearnedthatBrown’sGroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty，anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton，where—luckilyforme—Iwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.Withoutevenseeingthemenu，IknewI’dbeorderingeverytomatoonit.lifeinNewYork?A．Exciting. B．Boring.C．Relaxing. D．Annoying.答案B解析推理判斷題。由第一段中的“ThefreezingNortheasthasn’tbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtimethiswin