【2022】高一英語(yǔ)各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及重難點(diǎn)解析Unit21-22

上輕松學(xué)網(wǎng)（上輕松學(xué)網(wǎng)（），下英語(yǔ)精品資料！為了本站發(fā)展請(qǐng)幫忙點(diǎn)擊站內(nèi)廣告本資料由輕松學(xué)（本資料由輕松學(xué)（）收集整理歡迎投稿高一英語(yǔ)各單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及重難點(diǎn)解析Unit21-22☆重點(diǎn)句型☆I(lǐng)thasbeenalongday.Ican'tkeepmyeyesopen.Wecanlearnalotaboutwhatapersonisthinkingwatchinghisorherbodylanguage.Inmanycountries,shakingone'sheadmeans"no"noddingmeans"yes".Awayofraying"Iamhungry"ispattingthestomachbeforeameal.Unliketraditionalamusementparks,themeparkswanttoteachvisitorssomething.Whattheyallhaveincommonisthattheycombinewiththeopportunitytolearn,something.Visitorscangoonexcitingrideswheretheycanfeelwhatitisliketodothethingstheyhaveseenheroesdointhemovie.Newthemeparksarebeingbuiltallovertheworld.☆重點(diǎn)詞匯☆unfairadj.不公正的，不公平的customern.顧客；主顧avoidvt.避免；消除incredibleadj.難以置信的managevt./vi.做成(某事)；管理；經(jīng)營(yíng)foldvt.折疊；合攏；抱住crazyadj.瘋狂的；狂熱的firmadj.指動(dòng)作)穩(wěn)定而有力的；牢固的handshaken.握手bendvt./vi.彎曲；專心于；屈服gentlyadv.輕輕地；逐漸地occurvi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)focusn.(興趣活動(dòng)等的)中心；焦點(diǎn)specificadj.具體的；特有的amusementn.消遣；娛樂(lè)(活動(dòng))souvenirn.紀(jì)念物；紀(jì)念品attractionn.吸引人的事物；吸引(力)collectionn.收集；搜集；聚集thrilln.興奮；激動(dòng)；(使)激動(dòng)；(使)膽戰(zhàn)心驚minorityn.少數(shù)民族；少數(shù)educatevi./vt.教育；培養(yǎng)；訓(xùn)練conservationn.自然資源的)保護(hù)；管理；保存dividevt./分；劃分；分開(kāi)；隔開(kāi)sectionn.部分；區(qū)域shuttlen.往返汽車；航天飛機(jī)riskvt.冒……的險(xiǎn)injuryn.傷害；受傷處helicoptern.直升飛機(jī)achievementn.成就；功績(jī)civilizationn.文明；殲化preventvt./vi.防止；妨礙twistn.扭曲；盤旋扭彎；纏繞imaginationn.想像(力)；空想；想像的事物designern.設(shè)計(jì)家；制圖師darknessn.黑暗；漆黑短語(yǔ)闖關(guān)下列短語(yǔ)都是這兩個(gè)單元學(xué)過(guò)的重要短語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)5分，80能過(guò)關(guān)，你一定能過(guò)關(guān)，做好了闖關(guān)的準(zhǔn)備嗎那么我們就開(kāi)始吧?ahead 在空間或時(shí)間上比某人、某物)前；更早give/lendsba 給某人幫助get 通過(guò)；渡過(guò)；到達(dá)tear 弄倒某物；拆除某物hold 舉起；拿起；舉出 aface對(duì)某人)做鬼臉；扮怪相 order按順序；整齊cut

切掉，切斷；壅然中止自由落體車乘 eyecontact避免目光接觸 to至于……；就……來(lái)看feel 情緒低落；感到低沉combine.. 把……與……結(jié)合起來(lái)large of大量收集的 one'sway一路尖叫a park主題公園go rides乘車兜風(fēng)18.base... 以……為基礎(chǔ)……19. acablecar乘纜車2O.have 消遣；玩得高興☆重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)☆givesb.ahand給某人幫助aheadof在空間或時(shí)間上比某人、某物)更前；更早getthrough通過(guò)；度過(guò)；到達(dá)；完成teardown弄倒某物；拆除某物holdup舉起；拿起；舉出attheNorthPolo在北極inorder按順序；整齊cutoff切掉；切斷；突然中止eyecontact眼神接觸asto關(guān)于；就……而言holdupone'shead昂起頭combine...with...把……與……相結(jié)合fromculturetoculture從一種文化到另一種文化feeldown情緒低落communicatewith與……交流havefun玩耍，消遣avarietyof一系列的inspace在太空ontheoceanfloor在大洋底learnabout了解☆交際用語(yǔ)☆ShallIhelpyouwiththat?Wouldyoulikesomehelp?Couldyougivemeahandwiththis?IsthereanythingelseIcandoforyou?CouldyouhelpmewithmyEnglish?No,thankyou.Thanksforallyourhelp.No,thanks.Icanmanageitmymlf.That'sveryniceofyou.Excuseme,canyoutellmewheretherollercoasteris?Gostraightdownthisroad,andthenturnleft.Gothebridge.Excuseme.AmIgoingintherightdirection?It'sinthatdirection.【單詞聚焦】【考點(diǎn)1】ahead的用法▲搭配：①aheadof在……前頭；早于；超過(guò)，優(yōu)于②aheadoftime/schedule提前getahead(of...)勝過(guò)，超過(guò)Goahead!前進(jìn)，有進(jìn)展，請(qǐng)便⑤lookahead(喻)為未來(lái)著想或打算，未雨綢繆⑥pushahead向前進(jìn)。推進(jìn)【考例1】[2004天津]Theothergirlsrushed me.IfeltashamedasIfellfartherandfartherbehind.A.frombehind B.aheadofC.nextto D.closeto[考查目標(biāo)]ahead義。[答案與解析]B aheadof表示“在……前面、“超過(guò)”．可以表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，也可以表示一些抽象意義。amusement[u]n.[C]n.事；娛樂(lè)品)Thelittlegirllookedatmeinamusement.小女孩饒有趣味地看著我。Toourgreatamusement,theteachersangafunnysonginclass.老師在課堂上唱了一首滑稽的歌，令我們非常愉快。Therewerelots0famusementsatthefair.在展覽會(huì)上有許多有趣的東西。[拓展]amusement的動(dòng)詞“使……快樂(lè)，逗笑；給……提供娛樂(lè)。其用法如下：amusesb./oneself(with...)Herstowamusedthechildrengreatly.她的故事逗得那些小孩十分開(kāi)心。beamusedat/by/with以……為樂(lè)Theaudiencewasamusedbvthemalcician'stricks.觀眾被魔術(shù)師的戲法逗樂(lè)了。beamusedtodosth.做……取樂(lè)Iwasverymuchamusedtoseethesealperformitstricks.我被海豹的特技表演逗樂(lè)了?！炬溄印勘硎厩楦械膭?dòng)詞的用法大致相同。besurprisedat...因……而吃驚besurprisedtodosth.吃驚地干……beexcitedat...因……而興奮beexcitedtodosth.興奮地干……bedisappointedat...因……而失望bedisappointedtodosth.失望地干……bepleasedat...因……而高興bepleasedtodosth.高興地干……bedelightedat...因……而高興bedelightedtodosth.高興地干……attractvt.(以魅力等)吸引(人)，引誘；引起(注意、開(kāi)心)[構(gòu)成]attract+n.或attract+n.+to+n.把(人等)吸引到……。Theconcertattractedagreatnumberofpeople.那場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)吸引了許多人。(物理的性質(zhì))吸引住……，構(gòu)成：attract+n.Magnetsattractiron.磁石吸引鐵。attractionn.魅力，吸引人之物；吸引(力)attractiveadj.有魅力的，吸引人的，引人注目的contact[U]接觸，觸碰TheLombexplodesoncontact.那顆炸彈一觸碰就會(huì)爆炸。[U](與人的)接觸，交往，關(guān)系；聯(lián)絡(luò)，聯(lián)系(with連用)Haveyoubeenincontact/touchwithhimrecently?你最近與他有來(lái)往嗎?I’vebeentryingt0getincontact/touchwithyousinceyesterday.我從昨天起就一直試著與你聯(lián)絡(luò)。makecontactwith與……聯(lián)絡(luò)[拓展]keepincontactwith=keepintouchwith與……持聯(lián)系comein/intocontactwithsb.與某人接觸．碰面losetouchwith=losecontactwith與……失去聯(lián)系(be)outoftouch=(be)outofcontact斷聯(lián)絡(luò)【考點(diǎn)9】detail的用法▲構(gòu)詞：detailedadj.詳細(xì)的．逐條的▲搭配：①forfurtherdetails為了知道詳細(xì)情況go/enterintodetails詳述，逐一細(xì)說(shuō)③indetail詳細(xì)地④detailbydetail逐一【考例9】[2005鄭州模擬]Inanextraordinary expositionAucklandMuseumpayshonortothisgreatNewZealander,...A.simple B.largeC.detailed D.great[考查目標(biāo)]detail[答案與解析]Cdetailed這一過(guò)去分詞的意思是“詳細(xì)的。dividev.分，分割，把……分成(若干部分)into或from連用。Thecountryisdividedinto12provinces.這個(gè)國(guó)家劃分為十二個(gè)省。Alowwalldividesourgardenfromourneighbour'sgarden.一堵矮墻把我家的花園和鄰居的花園隔開(kāi)來(lái)。between，among，with連用。Theprizemoneywillbedividedamongthethreewinners.獎(jiǎng)金將由三名優(yōu)勝者均分。by，into連用。15dividedby3is5.十五除以三等于五。experiencen.經(jīng)歷，感受，體驗(yàn)Childasheis,hehasexperienceddefeat.盡管是個(gè)孩子，但他已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過(guò)失敗。Ourcountryhasexperiencedgreatchangesinthelast30years.過(guò)去三十年里，我們國(guó)家經(jīng)歷了巨大的變化。[U]n.經(jīng)驗(yàn)Asateacherwith5yearsexperience,sheisgoodatmakingfriendswithherstudents.作為一個(gè)有五年教師工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人，她擅長(zhǎng)和她的學(xué)生交朋友。[C]n.經(jīng)歷，閱歷Ourjourneybycamelwasquiteanexperience.騎駱駝旅行真是一種令人難忘的經(jīng)歷。[提示]experience的形容詞為experienced，?？蓸?gòu)成短語(yǔ)：beexperiencedin/at對(duì)……有經(jīng)驗(yàn)Heisveryexperiencedinplanting他對(duì)種樹(shù)很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。[拓展]experience...as感受……是……，其中as后可跟形容詞，分詞。Thetheoryisexperiencedasveryadvanced.這個(gè)理論被認(rèn)為是很先進(jìn)的。expressvt.(以言語(yǔ)、表情)表達(dá)……；敘述……[構(gòu)成]express+n.或express+n.+tosb.(對(duì)某人表達(dá))或expmss+wh-從句。Hisfaceexpressedhisdisappointment.他臉上浮現(xiàn)出失望的表情。Ican'texpress(toyou)howencouragingyourletterwas.你的來(lái)信多么令人鼓舞，我無(wú)法用言語(yǔ)表達(dá)。[拓展]expressadj.明確的；特殊的；快速的Itwasherexpresswishthatyoushouldhaveherhouseafterherdeath.她明確表示她死后會(huì)把她的房子留給你。Icameherewiththeexpresspurposeofseeingyou.我特來(lái)此地看你。anexpresstrain快車【考點(diǎn)2】manage的用法▲構(gòu)詞：managementn.經(jīng)營(yíng)，管理，處理，操縱，駕駛，手段②managern.經(jīng)理，管理人員，管理器▲搭配：①managetodosth完成……；設(shè)法辦到……managewith以……設(shè)法應(yīng)付③managewithout在沒(méi)有……的情況下應(yīng)付過(guò)去【考例2】[2004湖北]The22-year-oldstudent tostopherbythesideoftheroadinthewinternightandopenedthetrunk.A.afforded B.wantedC.allowed D.managed[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查manage的詞義和基本用法。[答案與解析]D manage后接不定式，表示“努力并成功地做了某事。meanvt.(言詞，事情等)意味著……，有……的意思[構(gòu)成]mean+n./pron.或mean+that或doingsth.或meanwhat...。Whatdoesthewordmeaninthiscontext?在上下文中，這個(gè)詞是什么意思?Thesignmeans(that)theroadisblocked.這個(gè)標(biāo)志表示此路不通。(2)(某人)意欲，意圖，打算[構(gòu)成]mean+n.或meantodosth.或meansb.todomeausb.sth.。Wesometimeshurtpeople'sfeelingswithoutmeaningit.我們有時(shí)會(huì)在無(wú)意中傷害別人的感情。ShesaidIignoredher,butIdidn'tmeanto.她說(shuō)我忽視了她，但我并沒(méi)有這個(gè)意思。Imeanhernoharm.=Imeannoharmtoher.我對(duì)她并無(wú)惡意。(3)(對(duì)某人而言)有……的意義[構(gòu)成]mean+n.+tosb.。Hisgirlfriendmeanstheworldtohim.他的女朋友對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)實(shí)在太重要，。Famedoesn'tmeanmuchtome.名聲對(duì)我而言無(wú)足輕重?！究键c(diǎn)8】occur的用法▲搭配：①sthoccurstosb.浮現(xiàn)在某人的腦海中；……被某人想到②It(never)occurredtosb.that...某人(從未)想到／起【考例8】[2005江蘇鹽城模擬]Aneclipseofthesun whenthemoonpassesbetweentheearththesun.A.happened B.occurredC.appeared D.rose[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查occur的詞義以及它和一些近義詞的區(qū)別。[答案與解析]B occur可以表示“突然發(fā)生但不意外。oppositeadj.相反的；相對(duì)的，對(duì)面的；反對(duì)的Wetookseatsoppositetothedirectors.我們坐在董事們的對(duì)面。HeandIareonoppositesidesinthisdebate.在這個(gè)辯論里，他和我站在相對(duì)的立場(chǎng)。[拓展]opposite不但用作形容詞，還用作：n.[C]相反的事物，多和of連用。Sweetandsaltyareopposites.甜與咸正好相反。prep.在……的對(duì)面Thepostofficeisoppositethestation.郵局在車站的對(duì)面。adv.在對(duì)面，在相反的位置Thereisabaropposite.對(duì)面有一家小酒吧。risk v.使冒危險(xiǎn)，作賭注Youareriskingyour你在以你的健康作賭注。冒……之險(xiǎn)Heriskedhisparents'angerbylivingalone.他冒可能惹他父母生氣之險(xiǎn)獨(dú)自生活。Ifyouputmoneyintothestockmarket,youwillrisklosingit.如果你把錢投入股市就要冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！究键c(diǎn)10】risk的用法▲搭配：①atrisk在危險(xiǎn)中；有危險(xiǎn)②atall/anyrisks無(wú)論冒什么危險(xiǎn)；無(wú)論如何③attheriskof(=atriskto)冒……之險(xiǎn)；不顧；之風(fēng)險(xiǎn)④atone'sownrisk(損失、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等)負(fù)責(zé)自負(fù)；自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)⑤run/takerisks/arisk冒險(xiǎn)run/taketheriskofdoingsth冒險(xiǎn)做某事riskdoingsth冒……的危險(xiǎn)riskone'sfortune/health/life命的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)⑨It's(not)worththerisk(不)值得冒這個(gè)險(xiǎn)【考例10】Whenchildrenstartsmoking,theydon'treal-izethatthey'retheirhealth.A.cost B.care C.risk D.keep[考查目標(biāo)]本題主要考查risk作動(dòng)詞的用法。[答案與解析]C riskone'shealth意為“拿自己的健去冒險(xiǎn)。【考點(diǎn)4】step的用法▲搭配：①stepin走進(jìn)；調(diào)停，排解，介入，干涉②stepthisway請(qǐng)這邊走!請(qǐng)跟我來(lái)!③keepstep(with…)(與……)步調(diào)一致④instep(with...)齊步；(和……)步凋一致⑤outofstep(with...)(和……)步調(diào)不一致⑥missone'sstep失足⑦takestepstodosth設(shè)法；采取措施干某事⑧mind/watchone'sstep小心地行走；謹(jǐn)慎行事⑨stepbystep一步一步地；逐步地；逐漸地【考例4】[NMET1998]"Lookatthem!They'realloutof exceptmyJohn!Isn'thethebest!”A.sight B.order C.mind D.[考查目標(biāo)]step構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)的意思。[答案與解析]D outofstep的意思是“步法混亂這是母親溺愛(ài)兒子指責(zé)別人的一句話。【考點(diǎn)5】tell的用法▲搭配：①tellsbsth=tellsthtosb告訴某人……②tellsbof/aboutsth告訴某人……③tellsbtodosth吩咐某人……tell(of)談起／說(shuō)過(guò)⑤tellthetime(鐘)報(bào)時(shí)⑥tell...(apart)from...分清，區(qū)分forwhatIcantell據(jù)我所知⑧I(can)tellyou(=letmetellyou)我敢說(shuō)；確實(shí)⑨Itoldyouso.我早就跟你說(shuō)過(guò)了。(意指我沒(méi)說(shuō)錯(cuò)，你偏不聽(tīng))Thereisnotelling.無(wú)法知道；難以預(yù)料。⑩Youcannevertell.(=Younevercantell.)誰(shuí)也不知道；誰(shuí)也沒(méi)把握?！嫖觯簍ell；inform這組近義詞的一般含義是“把某消息或某件事轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)給別人”。tell最通用，最不正式。它的含義是“把某事告訴某人”。它也含有給人“指示”的意思，即“叫某人做某事”。例如：Glancingatherscornfully,hetoldherthatthedresswassold.他輕蔑地看了她一眼，告訴她說(shuō)那件衣服被賣了。Whilewewerewaitingtoland,theairhostesstoldustokeepcalm.當(dāng)我們等待著陸的時(shí)候，一位飛機(jī)乘務(wù)員叫我們保持鎮(zhèn)靜。它的含義可以是“講述某件事”。inform的含義是“向某人傳遞信息。雖然它可以表示個(gè)詞特別適用于告知所發(fā)生的情況或有關(guān)資料。例如：Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommyoldschoolinfor—mingmethatmyformerheadmaster,Mr．ReginaldPage,willberetiringnextweek.信，通知我說(shuō)我的老校長(zhǎng)雷金納德·佩奇先生將于下星期退休?！亚樘崾荆篿nform可以用于上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)，也可以用于下級(jí)對(duì)上級(jí)的通知?！究祭?】[2004 全國(guó)卷Ⅳ]Alicereturnedfrommanager'soffic, methatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce．A.havingtold B.tellsC.t0tell D.telling[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查tell的詞義和語(yǔ)法變化。[答案與解析]D用法，tell在本句的句意是“告訴havingtold表示的則是“前提【考點(diǎn)3】touch的用法▲構(gòu)詞：touchingadj.的▲搭配：①getintouchwith和……取得聯(lián)系②keep/stayintouchwith和……保持聯(lián)系 ，③losetouchwith和……失去聯(lián)系，對(duì)……變得生疏④outoftouchwith同……失去聯(lián)系，無(wú)……的消息【考例3】[2004重慶]She theburnedsideherface.A.pointed B.showedC.wiped D.touched[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查touch的意思。[答案與解析]D touch意思是“觸摸的意思。本句句意是“她觸摸了她滾燙的臉。varyvt.&vi.變化，改變，變更；相異Agooddrivervariesthespeedofhiscaraccordingtotheconditionofroads.優(yōu)秀的司機(jī)會(huì)依照路況變換車子的速度。Thesesweatersvaryinsize/color.這些毛衣有各種不同的尺寸／顏色。Opinionsonthismattervaryfrompersontoperson.對(duì)于這件事，人人意見(jiàn)不一。MydoctorsaidIshouldvarymydietmore.醫(yī)生說(shuō)我應(yīng)該使日常飲食更為多樣化。[拓展]variousadj.各種各樣的，形形色色的varietyn.多變性，多樣性；種種【考點(diǎn)6】warn的用法▲構(gòu)詞：warningn.材，教訓(xùn)▲搭配：warnsbof/aboutsth提醒／警告某人有……warnsbagainststh提醒／警告某人提防……③warnsbagainstdoingsth提醒／警告某人不要……④warnsb(not)todosth提醒／警告某人(不要)……⑤warnsbthat-clause提醒／警告／預(yù)先通知某人……givesbwarning預(yù)先通知某人(等)⑦withoutwarning突然【考例6】[NMET1996]Thepatientwaswarned oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnot B.eatingnotC.nottoeat D.noteating[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查warn的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)形式。[答案與解析]C warn是一個(gè)常規(guī)動(dòng)詞，后面接動(dòng)的不定式形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。【考點(diǎn)7】wish的用法▲搭配：①wish(sb)todosth.希望／想要(某人)……②wishthat-clause但愿……(從句用were型虛擬語(yǔ)氣)③wishfor希望得到，渴望【考例7】[NME1991]We eachotherbestofluckintheexamination.A.hoped B.wantedC.expected D.wished[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查wish的詞義以及它和近義詞的區(qū)別。[答案與解析]D wish可以表示“祝愿后接代詞(詞)賓語(yǔ)，然后接名詞(或形容詞)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。[牛刀小試1]用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：(ahead,vary,touch,manage,step,tell,warn,detail,wish,risk)NextI'llaskMr.Greentogivesomeintroductionin .Thetwinslookthesame,soIcan't fromeachother.WhenIleft.Tomandhisfather in.Ihave younottobelatemanytimes,youarethistime.Thisboxisnotheavy;Ican myself.Whenwesawthefilm,allofuswere .Best toallofyou,mygoodfriends!Anyonetravelling withouta passport runs the ofbeingarrested.Fewofusknewtherewasabigbridge500meters【短語(yǔ)歸類】cutoff切斷、斷絕、割掉Manytownsandvillageshadtheirwatersupplycutoffbecausetherewasnoelectricity.由于沒(méi)電，許多城市及鄉(xiāng)村的水源被切斷了。Theykilledthebison,cutofftheskinsandleftthebodiesbehindtorot.他們殺死野牛，剝?nèi)テと纹涫w腐爛。[相關(guān)短語(yǔ)]cutdown砍伐，削減，壓縮cutout刪掉，戒掉cutshort打斷，中斷，縮短cutthrough穿過(guò)Wemustcutdownourexpenses.我們必須削減開(kāi)支。You'dbettercutOUttheunimportantdetailsofthearticle.你最好刪掉文章中那些無(wú)關(guān)緊要的細(xì)節(jié)。Hecutshorthistourabroadandreturnedhome.他縮短了國(guó)外行程，回到了國(guó)內(nèi)。InChina,theTropicofCancercutsthroughGuangdongprovince.在中國(guó)，北回歸線穿過(guò)廣東省?！究键c(diǎn)3】含cut的短語(yǔ)①cutdown砍倒，減少，降低②cutin插話，打斷③cutup切碎，挫傷④cutoff切斷，斷絕，隔絕⑤cutthrough抄近路穿⑥cutout割掉，刪掉[例句]Hewasasking$400fortheca,butwecuthimdownto$350.這輛汽車他要價(jià)400美元，但是我們把價(jià)殺到350美元。Thechildkeptcuttinginwhileltalkedwithhisfather.這個(gè)小孩在我與他父親講話時(shí)，老插話。Thetreescutsoffourviewofthesea.們看大海的視線。【考例3】(2005湖南)IwasjusttalkingtowhenJackson .cutincutdowncutoutcutup[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查cut短語(yǔ)的用法。[答案與解析]A 根據(jù)句意“我正與瑪格麗特談著話，杰克遜突然插嘴(cutin)了?！眂utdown“砍倒”，cut“剪下”“cutup“切碎均與句意不符。getthroughvt.做完；讀完；寫(xiě)完；吃完Howlongdoesittakeyoutogetthroughaletter?你寫(xiě)一封信要花多少時(shí)間?通過(guò)(考試、議案等)Hegotthroughthedrivinglicensetestlastweek.上周他通過(guò)了駕駛執(zhí)照考試。穿越；穿過(guò)Thealleyaheadisnarrow,soatruckcan'tgetthroughit.前面的巷子很窄，所以卡車沒(méi)辦法通過(guò)。給……接通電話Alittlepatience,andI'llgetyouthrough.耐心一點(diǎn)，我就給你接通電話。[拓展]getthrough也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“(電話)接通”。Icalledalldayyesterday,butIcouldn'tgetthrough(toyou).昨天我打了一天電話，但是都沒(méi)辦法聯(lián)絡(luò)到你?！究键c(diǎn)2】含give的短語(yǔ)①givesb.ahand給某人幫個(gè)忙giveaconcert開(kāi)音樂(lè)會(huì)③giveup放棄④givein讓步，投降⑤givebirthto生(孩子)giveoff發(fā)出(蒸汽，光)⑦giveout分發(fā)，用完，耗盡⑧giveaway分發(fā)，泄露．放棄⑨giveback還，恢復(fù)[例句]Hegaveuphisseattoanoldwoman.他把座位讓給一個(gè)老太太。Theauthoritiesshowednosignsofgivingintothekidnapper'sdemands.當(dāng)局對(duì)綁架者的要求沒(méi)有絲毫讓步的跡象。Marx'sideasgavebirthtocommunism.孕育了共產(chǎn)主義。【考例2】(2002京、蒙、皖春招)--Smokingisbadforyourhealth.--Yes,Iknow.ButIsimplycan't .A.giveitup B.giveitinC.giveitOut D.giveitaway[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查give短語(yǔ)的用法。[答案與解析]Agiveup放棄，戒掉；givein屈服，讓步；giveout分發(fā)；giveaway“但我只是戒不掉。【考點(diǎn)4】含hold的短語(yǔ)holdon等一等，不掛斷holdonto抓住……不放holdasportmeeting舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)④holdup舉起，拿起，延誤，耽擱⑤holdback阻止，抑制⑥holddown壓制，壓低⑦h(yuǎn)oldoff拖延⑧holdout伸出，擺出，支持⑨holdto堅(jiān)持[例句]Holdon,everythingwillbeallright.堅(jiān)持下去，一切都會(huì)好的。Constructionofnewplantshasbeenheldup.新工廠的建設(shè)擱淺了?！究祭?】(NMET2002)Wethoughtofsellingthisoldfurniture,butwe'vedecidedto it.Itmightvaluable.A.holdonto B.keepupwithC.turnto D.lookafter[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查四個(gè)短語(yǔ)的辨析。[答案與解析]A holdonto不要放棄；keepupwith跟上；turnto轉(zhuǎn)向；lookafter照看。本句話的意思“們本想把這件舊家具賣掉，但是我們決定還是不賣它，它可能有價(jià)值。lookintovt.注視……的內(nèi)部，往……里面看Shelookedintotheroomandsaw她往房間里窺視，但什么也沒(méi)看見(jiàn)。Themanlookedintothegirl'seyesandwantedtosaysomething.那人盯著女孩的眼睛，想要說(shuō)些什么。調(diào)查，檢查Thecommitteeislookingintothecauseoftheaccident.委員會(huì)正在調(diào)查事故的原因。morethanmorethan“(數(shù)量)超過(guò)……以上”Peoplemorethan18yearsofagehavetherighttovoteinChina.在中國(guó)年滿18歲的人擁有選舉權(quán)。[提示]morethanone后接單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，在語(yǔ)意上雖為復(fù)數(shù)，但用單數(shù)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Morethanonehousewasburntdowninthefire.不止一間房屋在火災(zāi)中被燒毀。[拓展]morethan+名詞可譯為“不只是only；morethan+形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞可譯為“很，非常"very；morethan+can譯為“不TomandJackaremuchmorethanclassmates.Theyareclosefriends.湯姆和杰克兩人遠(yuǎn)不只是同學(xué)，他們還是知心朋友。Whattheydidmorethansatisfiedus.他們所做的事使我們非常滿足。Thecoldwasmorethanthechildrencouldbear.寒冷是孩子們不能忍受的。upanddownadv.&prep.上上下下Theboyswentupanddownthestonesteps.那些男孩在那段石階上走上走下。backandforthbackwardsandforwards。Theteacherwalkedupanddown(in)theclassroom,withabookunderhisarm.那位老師在教室里踱來(lái)踱去，胳膊底下挾著一本書(shū)。hereandIhavelookedforitupanddown．我到處都找過(guò)了。comeandgoInthestreet,carsarebusyrushingupanddown.大街上，車輛來(lái)來(lái)往往。【考點(diǎn)1】含“動(dòng)詞+through"構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)①gothrough通過(guò)，經(jīng)受，仔細(xì)檢查②getthrough用完，完成某事，及格，接通，渡過(guò)難關(guān)lookthrough仔細(xì)檢查，快速閱讀④putthrough完成，達(dá)成。供某人上(學(xué)校)⑤carrythrough貫徹／進(jìn)行到底[例句]Let'sstart;there'salotofworktogetthrough.開(kāi)始吧，有大批工作要做呢。Thegovernmentisputtingthroughsomeradicalsocialreforms.政府正在實(shí)行某些徹底的社會(huì)改革。Alwayslookyourworkthroughbeforehandingitin.作業(yè)前一定要仔細(xì)檢查。【考例1】(2005浙江)Icouldn't .Thelinewasbusy.gobygoaroundgetingetthrough[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考查四個(gè)短語(yǔ)的辨析。[答案與解析]D 用來(lái)表示電話接通的短語(yǔ)是getthrough。goby可以指“走過(guò)，路過(guò)“流逝”；getin意為“進(jìn)入、參加、收獲、插入”；goaround意為“流傳。[牛刀小試2]They allthedetailsoftheplantimeandagaintomakesurethattheprojectwentsmoothly.gotthrough B.wentthroughC.gotover D.dippedinto--What'sthematterwithyou?--Afterthe long walk,mylegs couldn'tgoanyfurther.gaveout B.gaveoffC.gavein D.gaveupIftrafficmovesatlowspeeds,thenumberofdentsis .pulledback B.cutdownC.cutoff D.turnedoffOurflightwas bythethickfog.Sowedidn'tattendthemeetingontime.brokenoff B.keptupC.takenup D.heldup☆詞語(yǔ)比較☆divide,separatedivide側(cè)重于把原來(lái)的整體分成若干部分；separate把原來(lái)聯(lián)合在一起的或靠近的人或物分離開(kāi)來(lái)。separate多與from一起搭配使用。[提示]divide構(gòu)成的習(xí)慣搭配；dividesth.inhalf/intohalves把……分成兩半OnlyanarrowstraitseparatesNorthAmericaAsia.僅僅一條海峽把北美洲與亞洲分開(kāi)了。DividelineAintosixequalparts.將線段A分為六等份。emotion,feeling這兩個(gè)名詞的一般含義都是“感情。emotion也具feeling的含義，但是它的“感情卻多了一層“動(dòng)的意義。是表示喜怒哀樂(lè)等強(qiáng)烈的“感情或者“情緒emotion=strong。Asmilecanopendoorsandteardownwalls,anditcanbeusedtoexpresalmostanyemotion.一個(gè)笑容可以開(kāi)啟封閉的門戶，可以拆除阻隔的障礙，可以表達(dá)幾乎所有的感情。Thefilmarousedtheemotionoftheaudience.那部電影激起了觀眾們的情緒。feeling一般表示“感覺(jué)”，feeling用復(fù)數(shù)形式表示“感情”。feelings所表示的“感情”可以足愉快的或痛苦的，也可以是喜愛(ài)的或厭惡的，而且這種反應(yīng)既可能足精神的也可能是肉體的。除非根據(jù)上下文或者修飾語(yǔ)，一般看不出feeling的心理反應(yīng)的性質(zhì)。Youwillhurtherfeelingsbadlyifyousayso.如果你這樣說(shuō)，你會(huì)深深地傷害她的感情的。AlltheChinesehaveverystrongfeelingsonthatsubject.所有中國(guó)人在這個(gè)問(wèn)題方面都有強(qiáng)烈的情緒。☆句型詮釋☆I(lǐng)nFrance,apersonseeingthesanlegesturewillitmeanszero.在法國(guó)，一位看到這一相同手勢(shì)的人會(huì)認(rèn)為它的意思是零。seeingthesamegesturewhoseesthesamegesture。中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中，常用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)應(yīng)置之后。Thegirllookedatthefallingleavesandwassadherself.女孩看著正在飄落的樹(shù)葉，暗自傷神．．ThepowerstationbeingbuiltnowwillbeoneofthelargestinChina.現(xiàn)在正在建設(shè)著的發(fā)電站將是中國(guó)最大的發(fā)電站之一。Whiletherearemanydifferentinterpretationsofbodylanguage,somegesturesseemtobeuniversal.盡管對(duì)身勢(shì)語(yǔ)有許多不同的解釋，有些動(dòng)作卻好像是全球化的。while此處不是引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，作“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”講，也不是表對(duì)比，作“而，然而……”講，而是引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“盡管；雖然”。MybrotherisverytallwhileIamsoshort.我弟弟很高而我卻這么矮。(表對(duì)比)HetookabathwhileIwaspreparingdinner.他在洗澡的時(shí)候我正在準(zhǔn)備晚餐。(當(dāng)……時(shí)候)Whileshewascooking,thechildrenwereplayingoutside.她做飯時(shí)，孩子們?cè)谕饷嫱妗?與……同時(shí))WhileIunderstandyourviewpoint,Idon'tagreewithyou.雖然我了解你的見(jiàn)解，我卻不同意你。(雖然，盡管)Manypeoplecometothemeparkslookingforandentertainment.許多人來(lái)到主題公園尋找刺激和娛樂(lè)。句中l(wèi)ookingforthrillsandentertainment用作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨情況。Thechildrenrailaway，runningandlaughing.這些孩子連跑帶笑地走r。Theystoodthereforanhour．watchingthegame.他們站在那兒看了一個(gè)小時(shí)的比賽。【現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)特別提示】現(xiàn)在分洲在句中還可以表示以下幾種情況：①時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Walkingaroundthecity,wewereimpressedbythecity'snewlook.在城里走時(shí)，城市的新容給我們留下深刻印象。②條件狀語(yǔ)：Stayinghereforsometime,you'llfindthepeopleherearefriendly.若在此呆上一段時(shí)間，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這里的人們很友好。③原因狀語(yǔ)：Thinkinghemightbeathome.Itelephonedhim.考慮到他可能在家，我就給他打了電話。HavingenjoyedtheridesattheHeadland,visitorstaketheshuttletothelow-land.在海角游玩了騎馬之后，旅游者們可以乘火車去低地。HavingenjoyedtheridesattheHeadland是現(xiàn)在分詞enjoytake之前發(fā)生。Havingwateredthevegetables,theybegantopicktheapples．他們澆完了蔬菜之后就開(kāi)始摘蘋(píng)果。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.已經(jīng)被告訴好幾次了。他仍然不能理解它?！揪湫蜌w納】1】Andifwealefeelingdownorlonely,thereisnothingbetterthantoseethesmilingfaceofagoodfriend.看到好友的笑臉更好的了。該句巾的nothingbetter表示最高級(jí)。例如：Thereisnothingbetterthantobewiththepersonwhoyouloveverymuch.沒(méi)有比與自己非常喜歡的人在一起更好的了。【考例1】(NMET1996)Howbeautifullyshesings!havenever .A.thebettervoice B.agoodvoiceC.thebestvoice D.abettervoice[考查目標(biāo)]形容詞的比較級(jí)表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義。[答案與解析]D 句子中的never+better=best。該表示的是“ThisisthebestvoicethatIhaveeverheard.”2】WalkpasttheBigTowerFree-fallRideandrollercoasterwillbeonyourleft.走過(guò)大樓自由落體車乘。過(guò)ft車就在你的左邊。該句中的“祈使句walkpast...+and+句子(常用…一般將來(lái)時(shí))”為一個(gè)固定句型?！捌硎咕?and+句子”，句子中的祈使句相當(dāng)于if條件狀語(yǔ)從句。句子中的“and”還可以用“or”。“andI/or”也可以用破折號(hào)代替。還要注意祈使句的其他用法。例如：Workhardandyouwillachievesuccessintime.=IfyouworkhardwillachieveSuccessintime.努力學(xué)習(xí)，你將來(lái)一定會(huì)取得成功。Workhardoryou'llregretsomedayinthefuture.=Ifyoudon'tworkhard．youwillregretsomedayinthefuture.如果你不努力學(xué)習(xí)，你將來(lái)一定會(huì)后悔的?！究祭?】(2004湖北) straightonandyou'llseeachurch.A.Go B.GoingC.Ifyougo D.When[考查目標(biāo)]祈使句。[答案與解析]A 句子的意思是“一直往前走，你就會(huì)看到一座教堂”。應(yīng)該用go構(gòu)成祈使句。3】Itseemsthatpeoplejustcan'tgetenoughofscaryridesandexcitingadventures.魄的兜風(fēng)和刺激冒險(xiǎn)永遠(yuǎn)玩不夠。該句中的itseemsthat為形式主語(yǔ)的固定句型。例如：ItseemsthatthereisnowayOutofourdifficulty.我們似乎無(wú)法擺脫困境。it作形式主語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的固定句型有：Itbe+名詞+thatclauseItbe+形容詞+thatclauseItbe+過(guò)去分詞+thatclauseItseems/happened/turnedout/oceurredtosbthatclauseItdoesn'tmakeanydifferences/doesn'tmatterthatclause(6)It+vt+sb+thatclause其中在(1)與(2)句型中有時(shí)也可以用不定式或v-ing短語(yǔ)代替that從句作真正的主語(yǔ)?！究祭?】(NMET1995) isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.There B.This C.That D.[考查目標(biāo)]形式主語(yǔ)。[答案與解析]D 根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，需要一個(gè)形式語(yǔ)。所以選it?！究键c(diǎn)4】Insteadofrolling,twistingandloopingliketherollercoasters,thrillridesusetechnologyandspecialeffectstogiveyouathrill.“動(dòng)感電影不像過(guò)ft車。并不該句中的insteadof為復(fù)雜介詞，表示“而不是，代替，替代。insteadofwinginplaceofin-stead是一個(gè)副詞，單獨(dú)使用。insteadinsteadof可以互換，但要注意結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)序大不相同。例如：Insteadofsmiling,eachofthemnladeaface.他們每個(gè)人不是笑嘻嘻的．而是做了一個(gè)鬼臉。ShewillvisittheGreatWallinsteadofthePalaceMu—seum.她將去游覽長(zhǎng)城，而不是故宮。Hedidn'tbuyareferencebook.Heboughtadictionary,instead.=Heboughtadictionaryinsteadofareferencebookyesterday.他昨天買了一本字典，而不是一本參考書(shū)。Theyhavebeenplayingallafternooninsteadofgettingonwiththeirstudy.=Theyhaven'tbeengettingonwiththeirstudyallafternoon.Theyhavebeenplaying,instead.他們整個(gè)下午一直玩，而不是在學(xué)習(xí)?！究祭?】(NMET1998)短文改錯(cuò)：Wemustkeepinmindthatweplayfortheteaminsteadourselves.(92題)[考查目標(biāo)]instead與insteadof的區(qū)別。[答案與解析]instead后加of nstead后有反身代詞需要介詞。句子意思是“我們必須記住我們是為整個(gè)隊(duì)比賽，而不是我們自己。[牛刀小試3]l.Infact isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch,(2001上海A.this B.thatC.there D.It bloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.(2001上海春招)Giving B.GiveC.Given D.TogiveStandoverthere you'llbeabletoseeitter.(2004天津)or B.whileC.but D.andBorishasbrains.Infact,Idoubtanyoneinthehas IQ.(2002)ahigh B.ahigherC.thehigher Dothehigher【交際速成】【考點(diǎn)1】Makingoffersandrequests提供和請(qǐng)求幫助(2000年上海)一Shalllhelpyouwiththatsuitcase?-- .It'sallright,thanksYes,goaheadpleaseIdon'twanttotroubIeyoutoomuchNo,pleasedon'tdoit[答案與解析]A 本題考查提供幫助的應(yīng)答用語(yǔ)。A項(xiàng)是謝絕提供幫助的答語(yǔ)。B項(xiàng)正確說(shuō)法應(yīng)為：Yes，please.C項(xiàng)屬漢化用語(yǔ)，D項(xiàng)正確說(shuō)法應(yīng)為：No,thankyou.或No,don'tbother.【歸納】提供和請(qǐng)求幫助的常見(jiàn)用語(yǔ)有：(提供幫助)①Can/ShallIhelpyouwiththat?②wouldyouIikemeto...?③WhatcanIdoforyou?④IsthereanythingeIseIcandoforyou?⑤Letmetakeyoubag.⑥wouldyoulikesomehelp?⑦Doyouneedsomehelpwiththat?(請(qǐng)求幫助)①Couldyouplease...?②Can/Couldyougivemeahandwiththis?③Wouldyoudomeafavor?④MayIaskafavorofyou?⑤Couldyouhelpmewith...?⑥D(zhuǎn)omethefavortodosth.(接受提供的幫助)①That'sveryniceofyou.②Yes,please.③Yes,thanks.④Thankyou.Thatwouldbenice/fine.⑤Thankyouforyour/thehelp.(謝絕提供的幫助)①No,thanks/thankyou.②Thankyouallthesame.③That'sverykindofyou,butlcanmanageitmyself.④No,it'sallright.Icanmanage.⑤Pleasedon'tbother/trouble.2】Askingandgivingdirection女問(wèn)路和指路 ,butcarlyouteIlmehowtogettotheoffice?A.I'msorry B.DomeafavorC.Excuseme D.Pardon[答案與解析]C本題考查問(wèn)路時(shí)的功能用語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)ExcusemeC合語(yǔ)境。【歸納】英語(yǔ)中表示問(wèn)路的用語(yǔ)有：①Excuseme.Where'sthewashroom?②Canyoutellmehowtogetthepostoffice?③Excuseme.WhichbusgoestotheworldPark?④Exeuseme.WhichthewaytotheBankofChina?⑤Excuseme.Couldyoutellmethewaytothestation,please?⑥HoweanlgettoN0.4MiddleSchool?⑦Excuseme.AmIgoingIntherightdirection?⑧Doesthisroedleadto...,please?⑨WherecanIfind...,please?表示指路的用語(yǔ)有：①It'sinthatdirection.②Godown/upthispath/street/road...③It'ssouth/northofthe...④Turnleft/rightatthefirst/secondcrossing/cor—ner.Youcan'tmissit.⑤It's