2018-全國高考英語-真題

2018年高考英語真題試卷（全國卷I含答案）第一節(jié)（共15小題:每小題2分,滿分30分）閱讀下列短文 ,從每題所給的 A、B、C和D四個選項中 ,選出最佳選項。AWashington,D.CBicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworldfamouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington，D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability-andthecherryblossoms-disappear！WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours（4miles）JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.CDuration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents ，Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute（路線）makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactswithandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedreflectivevestsandsafetylights.withWhichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?ACherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.BWashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.CCapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.CDWashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?AMeetfamouspeople.BGotoanationalpark.CVisitwell-knownmuseums.DEnjoyinterestingstories.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide ？ACitymaps.BCameras.CMeals.DSafetylights.GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning，butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget。InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurrossoIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay￡5foraportion（份）,butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves. ”Theeight-partseries（系列節(jié)目 ）,Savemoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney：GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid？ASheenjoysembarrassingherguests.BShehasstartedanewprogramme.CShedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.DShehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusannaAHebuyscookingmaterialsforher.BHepreparesfoodforherkids.CHeassistsherincookingmatters.DHeinvitesguestfamiliesforher.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4 ？ASummarizethepreviousparagraphs.BProvidesomeadviceforthereaders.CAddsomebackgroundinformation.DIntroduceanewtopicfordiscussion.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?AKeepingFitbyEatingSmartBBalancingOurDailyDietCMakingYourselfaPerfectChefDCookingWellforLessCLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers，small，tightlyknit（聯(lián)系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehotwetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersismere6,000,whichthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction( 消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?ATheydevelopedveryfastBTheywerelargeinnumberCTheyhadsimilarpatternsDTheywerecloselyconnected29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2 ?AComplexB.AdvancedCPowerful.DModernHowmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent ？AAbout6,800BAbout3,400CAbout2,400DAbout1,200Whatisthemainideaofthetext？ANewlanguageswillbecreated.BPeople'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.CHumandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.DGeographydetermineslanguageevolution.DWemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（ 裝置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment-andourwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife-fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers，basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndWP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002，beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids ’room,andsuddenlyoneday，youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We ’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices-Wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（ 排放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat'sthesolution（解決方案 ）?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007，buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?ATheyareenvironment-friendly.BTheyarenobetterthantheold.CTheycostmoretouseathome.DTheygooutofstylequickly.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?AToreducethecostofminerals.BTotestthelifecycleofaproduct.CToupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.DTofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?AThebox-setTV.BThetablet.CTheLCDTV.DThedesktopcomputer.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?AStopusingthemBTakethemapartCUpgradethem.DRecyclethem.第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyou'llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesinoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat'sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36 ,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeelOvertheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint. 37、theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere'erreallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.38―,They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39 .Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40 .WhileallofthemareusefulWhateveryou'relookingforIfyou'reexperimentingwithacolorSmallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithit'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesSoitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeColorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的 A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I41theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn'twantto42afewdollars?Morethanthat,I'dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren't43enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour44 wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which 45Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame's46Icouldhardlywaitto47him.

MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis48wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit49 thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto50theclassamongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto51whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand52.toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat53andleanedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe54.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I'mstillputtingtousewhathe55me :“theabsolutemostimportant56thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood57.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto58asituation,processwhatyouropponent（對手）isdoingand59thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions. "Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy60asajournalist.41.A.putforwardB.jumpedatC.triedoutD.turneddownA.wasteA.excitedA.titleA.urgedA.fastestA.wasteA.excitedA.titleA.urgedA.fastestA.interviewA.chanceB.earnB.worriedcompetitorB.demandedB.easiestC.savemovedC.textbookC.heldD.paytiredD.instructorD.meantC.bestD.rarestmeetC.challengeD.beatB.qualificationC.honorD.job50.A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe50.A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe51.A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare52.A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally52.A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally53.A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment53.A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment54.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation54.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situationA.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promisedA.factB.stepC.mannerD.skillA.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.commentsA.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.controlA.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluateA.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears__61__(long)thannon-runners,Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong_62__(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014__66 showedamerefiveto10minuteadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall__67(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...it'sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoft