非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 學(xué)案 三 高一英語(yǔ)初高中銜接課程

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞近三年高考主要考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的作用和形式。在作用方面主要考查作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用不定式還是動(dòng)名詞；作賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)用不定式還是分詞；它們作某一成分時(shí)的特殊情況及特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。在形式方面主要考查用一般式還是完成式、主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式、現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞。題型一、辨別謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1.Beforeyouquityourjob,________(consider)howyourfamilywouldfeelaboutyourdecision.2.Letthoseinneed________(understand)thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.3.________itwithmeshouldbeagoodchoice.Trustme!A．Whenleft B．LeaveC．Ifyouleave D．Leaving4.Pleasedomeafavor—________myfriendMr.SmithtoYouthTheaterat7：30tonight.A．toinvite B．inviting C．invite D．invited【特別提醒】謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的陳述或說(shuō)明，指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么樣”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的位置一般在主語(yǔ)之后。非謂語(yǔ)：在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語(yǔ)以外的句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式叫作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?！局攸c(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)】一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)1．不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)通常表示：(1)原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)等的形容詞后)；(2)目的(可用soasto/inorderto替換，但soasto一般不可置于句首)；(3)結(jié)果(常表出乎意料的結(jié)果，常為onlytodo)。①Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.(原因)②TogetthereontimeIgotupveryearly.(目的)③Herushedtoschoolonlytofindtherewasnobodythere.(結(jié)果)2．現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。Notknowingwhattodo，hewenttohisparentsforhelp.由于不知怎么辦才好，他去找他父母幫忙。(2)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Givenmoreattention，thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.如果對(duì)這些樹(shù)多關(guān)心一些，它們本來(lái)會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。(3)部分過(guò)去分詞來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，其前不用being。這樣的過(guò)去分詞及短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：seated(坐著的)、hidden(躲著)、stationed(駐扎)、lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)、bornin(出身于)、dressedin(穿著)、tiredof(厭煩了)等。Lost/Absorbedindeepthought，hedidn'thearthesound.3．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)如果分詞作狀語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)，須在分詞前面加上它自己的主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其作用相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句；有時(shí)也用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)。(1)名詞/主格代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞名詞/主格代詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主謂關(guān)系。Thegirlstaringathim(＝Asthegirlstaredathim)，hedidn'tknowwhattosay.女孩兩眼望著他，他不知道說(shuō)什么好。(2)名詞/主格代詞＋過(guò)去分詞名詞/主格代詞與過(guò)去分詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Theproblemssolved(＝Astheproblemsweresolved)，thequalityhasbeenimproved.隨著問(wèn)題的解決，質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。(3)名詞/主格代詞＋不定式名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主謂關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一次具體性的動(dòng)作。Heisgoingtomakeamodelplane，someoldpartstohelp.借助于一些舊零件，他要做一個(gè)飛機(jī)模型。(4)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)，是用現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞還是動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，關(guān)鍵是看賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。Withtimepassingby(time和pass之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系)，healmostforgoteverythinginthepast.隨著時(shí)間的流逝，他幾乎忘記了過(guò)去所有的事情。Hesatonthechair，withhishandstied(hands和tie之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系)behindhisback.他坐在椅子上，雙手在背后捆著。1.Anotherreasonforcorn’srise：Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice(improve)waterquality.2.Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica，Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother________(take)goodcareofathome.3.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal_______(create)specialdesigns.4.WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,________(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.5.________(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn'twanttoeatthereagain.6.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly________thatalltheticketshasbeensoldout.A．tobetold B．totell C．told D．telling7.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear，________arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A．havereached B．reaching C．toreach D．tobereaching【特別提醒】1．現(xiàn)在分詞與主句的主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用來(lái)表時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨、結(jié)果等；第二，過(guò)去分詞與主句的主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系；第三，作狀語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前要用分詞的完成時(shí)。2．作表語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞在許多詞典中已列為形容詞，表示處于某種狀態(tài)，如：crowded，devoted，discouraged，done，dressed，drunk，experienced，frightened，gone，hurt，interested，killed，known，learned，lost，pleased，satisfied，shut，surprised，tired，undressed，worried，astonished，broken，completed，covered等。二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)1．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)(1)Laughinghelpsyourbodystayhealthyandcanevenhelpyoufightpain.(動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ))(2)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式作主語(yǔ))(3)Itisimportanttorespectpeople.(不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，it作形式主語(yǔ))(4)Itisnousecryingoverspitmilk.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，it作形式主語(yǔ))2．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，回答what引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句。(2)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。3．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)的主要是不定式和動(dòng)名詞(1)afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等動(dòng)詞后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。(2)appreciate，avoid，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，postpone，resist，risk，stand，suggest等動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。(3)以下動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意義不同。動(dòng)詞接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)接不定式作賓語(yǔ)remember記得曾做過(guò)某事記得要做某事forget忘記曾做過(guò)某事忘記要做某事try嘗試做某事努力做某事regret對(duì)做過(guò)的事表示后悔對(duì)要做的事表示遺憾mean意味著做某事企圖(打算)做某事can'thelp禁不住做某事不能幫助做某事goon繼續(xù)做未完成的事做完一件事后，接著做另一件事stop中斷正在做的事中斷正在做的事，去做別的事【特別提醒】1．動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以帶邏輯主語(yǔ)。此時(shí)，邏輯主語(yǔ)可以是物主代詞、人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格或所有格。Doyoumindmy/mereadingyourpaper?你介意我看你的考卷嗎？2．作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞和不定式除了一般式和主動(dòng)式，還有完成式、被動(dòng)式。完成式表示該動(dòng)作比謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作先發(fā)生。否定式在doing/todo前加not。(1)Iregretnothavingtakenheradvice.(not須放在having前)我感到遺憾，沒(méi)有聽(tīng)從她的建議。(2)Theycouldn'tstandbeingtreatedlikethat.他們不能忍受被那樣對(duì)待。(3)HedecidedtohelpmebutIpretendedtohavefinishedmyjob.他決定幫我，但我假裝已經(jīng)完成工作了。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)1.Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoid(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeelchallenged.2.Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;by________(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.3.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,________(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.4.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude________(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.5.________(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.6.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout________(use)electricequipment.7.Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeand________(reduce)toruins,thecitytookonanewlook.8.Iremembered________(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.9.Ican'tstand________withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses________talkingwhilesheworks.A．working;stopping B．towork；stoppingC．working；tostop D．towork；tostop10.Isn'tittimeyougotdownto________thepapers?A．mark B．bemarkedC．beingmarked D．marking【特別提醒】非謂語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的重點(diǎn)(1)it充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)①I(mǎi)tisimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是非常重要的。②IthinkitimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.我認(rèn)為對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是非常重要的。(2)it作形式主語(yǔ)使用動(dòng)名詞的句型①I(mǎi)tisnouse/nogood/useless＋doingsthItisnousecrying.哭沒(méi)有用。②Itisfun(agreatpleasure,awasteoftime)＋doingsthItisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.設(shè)法解釋是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做表語(yǔ)1.Theyarerequired________(process)thefoodthatweeat，torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.2.—Areyousureyou'rereadyforthetest?—Noproblem.I'mwell________(prepare)forit.3.Wegotalittle________(sunburn)，butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn'tmind.4.Theenginejustwon'tstart.Somethingseems________(go)wrongwithit.5.Tomsoundsverymuch________(interest)inthejob,butI'mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.6.Pleaseremain________；thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.A．seating B．seated C．toseat D．tobeseated【特別提醒】非謂語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)的重點(diǎn)(1)不定式、動(dòng)名詞與分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。不定式和動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞作表語(yǔ)，含義是回答主語(yǔ)“是什么”；分詞作表語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞作表語(yǔ)，含義是回答主語(yǔ)“怎么樣”。Ourplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.我們的計(jì)劃是讓這件事成為秘密。Theirjobismakingwheelchairsfordisabledpeople.他們的工作是為殘疾人制造輪椅。Themusictheyareplayingsoundsexciting.他們演奏的音樂(lè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)令人激動(dòng)。Thisbeautifulvillageremainsunknowntotherestoftheworld.這個(gè)美麗的村莊仍未被外界所知。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)都是用于回答主語(yǔ)“怎么樣”的?，F(xiàn)在分詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，過(guò)去分詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。如：Thisdogisfrightening.這條狗讓人害怕。(說(shuō)明狗的特征)Thisdogisfrightened.這條狗有些害怕。(說(shuō)明狗的心理狀態(tài))Climbingistiringandwearecompletelytiredafteraday'sclimbing.爬山是累人的，爬了一天的山我們都全累壞了。(tiring說(shuō)明climbing的特征，tired說(shuō)明我們的狀態(tài))三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)1．不定式作定語(yǔ)表未來(lái)的動(dòng)作且后置，它與所修飾的名詞或不定式代詞存在主謂、動(dòng)賓或同位關(guān)系。Youarethethirdonetoentertheroom.(主謂關(guān)系)Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)Hehasnoopportunitytogoabroad.(同位關(guān)系)2．動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)多前置，表示所修飾的事物的性能和用途。areadingroom(＝aroomforreading)3．現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行，可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語(yǔ)從句。Thequestionbeingdiscussed(＝whichisbeingdiscussed)nowisimportant.4．過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)和完成，也可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語(yǔ)從句。Thequestiondiscussed(＝whichwasdiscussed)yesterdayisimportant.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)1.．..aTVshowinthemid-1980s，whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter________(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.2.Youcannotacceptanopinion________(offer)toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.3.Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelf________(stand)inthecorner.4.Ifthereisalotofwork________，I'mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.A．todo B．tobedoingC．done D．doing【特別提醒】1．不定式作定語(yǔ)(1)不定式作定語(yǔ)常用于不定代詞或被thefirst/next/only/last等修飾的名詞和其他一些名詞、代詞之后。其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一個(gè)將來(lái)或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，完成式則表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。例如：Sheisalwaysthefirst(one)tocomeandthelasttoleave.(2)如果作定語(yǔ)的不定式與被修飾的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，在不及物動(dòng)詞后通常要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。例如：Let'sfirstfindaroomtolivein/toputthethingsin.(3)不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾一個(gè)在邏輯上是其賓語(yǔ)名詞時(shí)，若在句子中能找到該不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，則該不定式多用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，否則，用被動(dòng)式。例如：Haveyougotanythingtosayatthemeeting?(you...say...anything)HereisalettertobetakentoMr.Li.在therebe句型中，有時(shí)用主動(dòng)式或被動(dòng)式意思不同。比較：Thereisnothingtodoatpresent.(＝Wehavenothingtodoatpresent.)Thereisnothingtobedoneatpresent.(＝Wecandonothingatpresent.)2．－ing分詞作定語(yǔ)(1)單個(gè)的－ing分詞作定語(yǔ)一般前置，說(shuō)明名詞的性質(zhì)、特征或用途等，－ing短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)一般后置；強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的單個(gè)－ing分詞也常后置。例如：asleepingcar(＝acarforsleeping)asleepingchild(＝achildwhoissleeping)(2)－ing分詞作定語(yǔ)一般要求其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或是在說(shuō)話時(shí)該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，否則，要用從句作定語(yǔ)。例如：Doyouknowtheboytalking(＝whoistalking)totheteacher?比較：誤：Heisthemanvisitingourclassyesterday.正：Heisthemanwhovisitedourclassyesterday.3．－ed分詞作定語(yǔ)－ed分詞作定語(yǔ)一般表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)或已完成動(dòng)作，－ing分詞表示一個(gè)主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，－ing分詞的被動(dòng)式則表示一個(gè)正在被進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如：adeveloped/developingcountryHeisastudentlovedbyalltheteachers.ThebuildingbeingbuiltwillbethethirdTeachingBuildingofourschool.4．像定語(yǔ)從句一樣，分詞作定語(yǔ)也有非限制性的，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句例如：Thestudents,wearingtheirschooluniforms,marchedintotheplayground.Thesubstance,discoveredalmostbyaccident，hasgreatlychangedtheworld.四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1．a(chǎn)dvise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish等動(dòng)詞后面常用不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如：Tellthechildrennottoplayonthestreet.Thepolicewarnedusnottogooutatnight.2．make/let/have等使役動(dòng)詞后面用不帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，但在被動(dòng)句中則使用帶to的不定式。如：Theymakethestudentsdotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.Thestudentsaremadetodotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.3．感官動(dòng)詞后面可用不帶to的不定式或分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。從時(shí)間上看，不定式表示發(fā)生或完成；現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表示完成。從邏輯關(guān)系上看，不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在著主謂關(guān)系；過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：Isawhimcrossthestreet.我看到他穿過(guò)了大街。Isawhimcrossingthestreet.我看到他正在穿過(guò)大街。Isawhimsurroundedbyagroupofstudents.我看到一群學(xué)生圍著他。五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式、進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式1．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式均是在前面加not。Hepretendednottoseeme.Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.Nothavingtriedhisbest，hefailedintheexam.2．不定式的進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式。當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作(情況)發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，不定式要用進(jìn)行式。Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式要用完成式。Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)為不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)式。Thepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.3．動(dòng)名詞的完成式、被動(dòng)式、完成被動(dòng)式和帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.4．現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式和被動(dòng)式。當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作早于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞要用完成式。Havingdonehishomework，heplayedbasketball.當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為其動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞要用被動(dòng)式。Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.Havingbeentoldmanytimes，thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts______(develop)aftergreateffort.2.Whenwesawtheroad________(block)withsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.3.Passengersarepermitted________(carry)onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.4.Theteacheraskedus________somuchnoise.A．don'tmake B．notmakeC．notmaking D．nottomake5.—Excuseme，sir,whereisRoom301?—Justaminute.I'llhaveBob________youtoyourroom.A．show B．shows C．toshow D．showing【特別提醒】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的要點(diǎn)：(1)主動(dòng)關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過(guò)去分詞，將來(lái)的動(dòng)作用不定式。(2)幾個(gè)特別的結(jié)構(gòu)▲have＋賓語(yǔ)＋do/doing/done①“have＋賓語(yǔ)＋dosth”意為“讓/叫/使某人做某事”。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的have是使役動(dòng)詞，賓語(yǔ)后的dosth是不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Thebossoftenhasthemworkfor14hoursaday.老板經(jīng)常要他們一天工作14個(gè)小時(shí)。②“have＋賓語(yǔ)＋doing”意為“叫/讓/使某人做某事或讓某種情況發(fā)生”。賓語(yǔ)后面用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示賓語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Don'thavethedogbarkingmuch,Lilin.李林，別讓狗狂吠不停。③“have＋賓語(yǔ)＋done”意為“讓/叫/使/請(qǐng)別人做某事”或者是“遭受/遭遇了……，此時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是無(wú)意中的受動(dòng)者，而不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者”的意思。賓語(yǔ)后面用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Wehadthemachinemendedjustnow.我們剛才請(qǐng)人把機(jī)器修好了。Hehadhisleginjuredwhileplayingfootball.他在踢足球時(shí)腿受了傷?！鴊et＋賓語(yǔ)＋todo/doing/done三種結(jié)構(gòu)的意義請(qǐng)參看上述“have＋賓語(yǔ)＋do/doing/done”的意義解釋。Hegothissistertohelphimwithhisclothes.他讓姐姐幫他洗衣服。Canyoureallygetthatoldclockgoingagain.你真的能讓那輛舊鐘再走起來(lái)嗎？Dorisgotherbadtoothpulledoutinthehospital.多麗絲在醫(yī)院把壞牙拔了?！鴆atchsbdoingsth逮住某人干某事Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary,she'llbefurious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日記，她會(huì)憤怒的?！鴐ake＋oneself＋doneoneself與其后的過(guò)去分詞存在著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，或者說(shuō)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard.他提高了嗓門(mén)為了使別人聽(tīng)清他的講話。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配和句型1.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut________(meet)anevengreaterchallenge.2.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.3.Herprogressinspeakingability,________(tell)thetruth,isabigcomforttome.4.________(fill)withshame,theboyloweredhishead,readyforthepunishmentfromhisdad.【特別提醒】已經(jīng)成為固定用法的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))：常見(jiàn)的有：considering...(鑒于/考慮到……)，judgingby/from...(從……來(lái)看，依據(jù)……來(lái)判斷),supposingthat...(假定……),providingthat...(假定……),accordingto...(依據(jù)……),including...(包括……),owingto...(由于……),talking/speakingof...(談及……)，given...(考慮到……),providedthat...(如果……)，totellthetruth說(shuō)實(shí)話課后練習(xí)一1.Linda,IamafraidthatIwon’tbeinourdormitorytonightbecausemymotherhascomehereseemeandIplantosleepintheroomshehasbookedinanearbyhotel.

2.Allinall,Ithinkmyenthusiasmandfullsenseofresponsibilitywillmakemeaqualifyingteachingassistant.

3.Lastsummer,myparentsandIpaidavisittoEurope.Ittookusabout10hoursflyfromBeijingtoLondon,Britain.

4.Todayallthestudentsinmyschoolhadaheatdiscussionaboutwhetherwestudentsshouldwearschooluniformsornot.

5.SoeverydayafterthatIwouldspendonehourpractisemyoralEnglishonQQ.

6.Comparingwithotherteachers,Mr.Moorepaysmoreattentiontohiswayofteaching.

7.Truefriendshipisthecommunicationoftheheartsandunderstandofthesouls.

8.Atfirst,seenthewavescomingoneafteranother,Iwasafraid.

9.Itwasagreatpleasuretohavesuchadevotingfriend.

10.Iwillavoidfindexcusesforputtingthemoff.

二Passage1Thetruththattreesarevitaltoourlifeisnotasecret.Theyprovideuswithfood,woodandmostimportantly,oxygen.Nowthereisonemorethingwecanaddtothislist—1(block)outharmfulbacteriafromwater.

Thediscoverywasmadebyateam2(consist)ofscientistsfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)andhighschoolstudentswhowereseekinganaturalwaterfilter—onethatwouldhelpcommunitiesin3(develop)countriesthatdonothaveaccesstomodernwaterfiltersystems.

Theresearchers,4(lead)byProfessorRohitKarnik,decided5(turn)totreesforhelpbecausetheycouldallowliquid6(flow)through,whileblockingoutairbubbles.

Theybeganby7(cut)1.5-inch-widesectionsoftreebarkfromthebranchesofawhitepinetree.Thepeople8(relate)thentestedthewood’sfilteringabilitybypouringwater9(contain)reddyeparticlesofdifferentsizesthrough.Totheiramazement,theyfoundthatitwaseffectiveintrappingallthearticles.10(encourage),theteamconductedanotherexperiment,thistimewithwaterthatcontainedbacteria.Sureenough,thesapwoodheldback99%ofthebacteria,allowingonly1%toflowthrough.

Passage2Inthesummerof1848,inGuatemala,aman1(call)AmbrosioTutwentintothejungle,ashedidalmosteveryday.Tutwasagum-collector(樹(shù)膠采集者),2(look)forguminthejungle.3(do)this,hehadtoclimbthetrees.Onhisparticularday,hegottothetopofonetreeandsomethingcaughthiseye.Helookedoutacrossthetreesandsawthetopsofsomeoldbuildings.

Tutdidn’treallyknowwhathehadseenbutheknewitwassomethingspecial.Heran4(tell)thelocalgovernor,andtogetherthey5(walk)intothejungle.TheretheyfoundTikal(蒂卡爾),acitythattheMayans(瑪雅人)6(build)manyhundredsofyearsbefore.Thetwomensawtemplesandpyramids,squaresandhouses,andplaceswherekingshadlivedwhentheMayanpeopleruledtheregion.

Foralongtimebeforethatday,localpeoplehadknownthatsomewhereinthejungletherewasanoldMayancity,butnoonehadseenitforcenturies.Between200and900AD,thecityofTikalhadbeenthecenterofMayancivilizationintheregion,butthentheMayansleftthereandnobodyknowswhy!After1000AD,thejunglebegan7(cover)itandpeopleforgotthatitwasthere.

SevenyearsbeforeTutlookedoutforthetrees,twoBritishexplorershadgonetoGuatemalaandhadwrittenareportaboutMayantreasuresinthejungle,buttheydidn’tmentionTikal.Evenearlierthanthis,localIndianshadtoldEuropeantravelersaboutagreatcity8(hide)inthetrees,butnoonewouldlistentothem.Nowthe9(lose)cityhadbeenfoundagain,andarchaeologistswentthereimmediately10(see)it.

答案全解全析題型一、辨別謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1【答案】consider【解析】考查祈使句。句意：你在放棄工作之前，考慮一下你的家人對(duì)你的決定的看法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，before引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其后是主句，主句中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明這是一個(gè)祈使句，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形consider。2【答案】understand3【答案】D【解析】句意：把他留給我應(yīng)該是一個(gè)好選擇。相信我。leaving是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。4【答案】C【解析】該題目把祈使句，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以及破折號(hào)的作用綜合到一起來(lái)進(jìn)行考查。句意：請(qǐng)幫我個(gè)忙——邀請(qǐng)我的朋友史密斯先生今晚7點(diǎn)半到青年劇院。破折號(hào)后是一個(gè)祈使句?！局攸c(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)】一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)1答案toimprove解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“改善水質(zhì)”是“政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種玉米而不種水稻”的目的，故用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。2【答案】taken3【答案】tocreate【解析】句意：熟練的工匠也把硬木和金屬結(jié)合在一起制作特殊的圖案。此處為動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。4【答案】telling【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：我小時(shí)候，媽媽常常坐在我的床邊給我講故事，一直講到我睡著。空格前是一個(gè)主干無(wú)缺、語(yǔ)意完整的句子，因此一定要使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析得知，“給我講故事一直講到我睡著”是作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的。telling可作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。5【答案】Havingeaten6【答案】A【解析】“only”后接不定式表示出人意料的結(jié)果。7【答案】B【解析】從句意來(lái)分析，主句部分表示油價(jià)上漲了百分之三十二，逗號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容為油價(jià)上漲后的必然結(jié)果“達(dá)到……記錄”。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)1lookingavoid后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。avoiddoingsth.避免做某事。2【答案】eating【解析】考查動(dòng)詞-ing作介詞賓語(yǔ)。在介詞about，before，after，for，with，by等之后作賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞-ing形式，故用eating。3【答案】laying4【答案】introducing【解析】句意：我的大使職責(zé)將包括把英國(guó)參觀者介紹給成都的120多只大熊貓及其他一些在碧峰峽霧山中一個(gè)研究中心里的熊貓們。include為及物動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)。5答案：Ignoring句意為：忽視這兩種研究結(jié)果的差異將是你所犯的最嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤之一。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的謂語(yǔ)部分是willbe，oneoftheworstmistakes是表語(yǔ)，youmake是省略關(guān)系代詞的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾mistakes。很顯然，________thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindings是主語(yǔ)部分，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知設(shè)空處用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。答案為Ignoring。6答案：using句意為：除了樸素之美外，令人贊嘆的是這些土坯房具有不使用電氣設(shè)備就能自動(dòng)進(jìn)行空氣調(diào)節(jié)的能力。介詞without后面用名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故填using。7【答案】beingreduced【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在遭遇非常嚴(yán)重的地震變成廢墟之后不久，那個(gè)城市就呈現(xiàn)出了嶄新的面貌。and為并列連詞，連接after后的兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)sufferingfrom...和beingreducedto...。bereducedto(doing)sth.使淪為，固定結(jié)構(gòu)。8【答案】tolock9【答案】C【解析】stand在這里表示“忍受”，后面要求用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，而“refuse”要用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。10【答案】D【解析】“gotdownto”中的“to”是介詞，因而要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，而動(dòng)名詞“marking”與其邏輯主語(yǔ)“you”是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做表語(yǔ)1【答案】toprocess【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查berequiredtodosth.的固定用法?？忌朴诜治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)，再結(jié)合自己的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備才