非謂語動詞 學案 三 高一英語初高中銜接課程

非謂語動詞近三年高考主要考查非謂語動詞的作用和形式。在作用方面主要考查作賓語時用不定式還是動名詞；作賓語、狀語、補語時用不定式還是分詞；它們作某一成分時的特殊情況及特殊結構。在形式方面主要考查用一般式還是完成式、主動式還是被動式、現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。題型一、辨別謂語與非謂語動詞1.Beforeyouquityourjob,________(consider)howyourfamilywouldfeelaboutyourdecision.2.Letthoseinneed________(understand)thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.3.________itwithmeshouldbeagoodchoice.Trustme!A．Whenleft B．LeaveC．Ifyouleave D．Leaving4.Pleasedomeafavor—________myfriendMr.SmithtoYouthTheaterat7：30tonight.A．toinvite B．inviting C．invite D．invited【特別提醒】謂語：謂語是對主語動作或狀態(tài)的陳述或說明，指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么樣”，謂語動詞的位置一般在主語之后。非謂語：在句子中充當除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫作非謂語動詞?！局攸c、難點】一、非謂語動詞作狀語1．不定式作狀語不定式作狀語通常表示：(1)原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞后)；(2)目的(可用soasto/inorderto替換，但soasto一般不可置于句首)；(3)結果(常表出乎意料的結果，常為onlytodo)。①Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.(原因)②TogetthereontimeIgotupveryearly.(目的)③Herushedtoschoolonlytofindtherewasnobodythere.(結果)2．現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構成邏輯上的主動關系。Notknowingwhattodo，hewenttohisparentsforhelp.由于不知怎么辦才好，他去找他父母幫忙。(2)過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構成邏輯上的被動關系。Givenmoreattention，thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.如果對這些樹多關心一些，它們本來會長得更好。(3)部分過去分詞來源于系表結構，作狀語時不表示被動關系，其前不用being。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：seated(坐著的)、hidden(躲著)、stationed(駐扎)、lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)、bornin(出身于)、dressedin(穿著)、tiredof(厭煩了)等。Lost/Absorbedindeepthought，hedidn'thearthesound.3．獨立主格結構作狀語如果分詞作狀語的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，須在分詞前面加上它自己的主語，這種結構叫獨立主格結構，其作用相當于狀語從句；有時也用with復合結構(with＋賓語＋賓語補足語)作狀語。(1)名詞/主格代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞名詞/主格代詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主謂關系。Thegirlstaringathim(＝Asthegirlstaredathim)，hedidn'tknowwhattosay.女孩兩眼望著他，他不知道說什么好。(2)名詞/主格代詞＋過去分詞名詞/主格代詞與過去分詞之間是動賓關系。Theproblemssolved(＝Astheproblemsweresolved)，thequalityhasbeenimproved.隨著問題的解決，質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。(3)名詞/主格代詞＋不定式名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主謂關系，且強調(diào)的是一次具體性的動作。Heisgoingtomakeamodelplane，someoldpartstohelp.借助于一些舊零件，他要做一個飛機模型。(4)with復合結構(with＋賓語＋賓語補足語)作狀語，是用現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞還是動詞不定式作賓語補足語，關鍵是看賓語和賓語補足語之間的關系。Withtimepassingby(time和pass之間為主動關系)，healmostforgoteverythinginthepast.隨著時間的流逝，他幾乎忘記了過去所有的事情。Hesatonthechair，withhishandstied(hands和tie之間為被動關系)behindhisback.他坐在椅子上，雙手在背后捆著。1.Anotherreasonforcorn’srise：Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice(improve)waterquality.2.Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica，Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother________(take)goodcareofathome.3.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal_______(create)specialdesigns.4.WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,________(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.5.________(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn'twanttoeatthereagain.6.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly________thatalltheticketshasbeensoldout.A．tobetold B．totell C．told D．telling7.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear，________arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A．havereached B．reaching C．toreach D．tobereaching【特別提醒】1．現(xiàn)在分詞與主句的主語之間是主動關系，用來表時間、條件、原因、伴隨、結果等；第二，過去分詞與主句的主語之間是被動關系；第三，作狀語的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞之前要用分詞的完成時。2．作表語用的過去分詞在許多詞典中已列為形容詞，表示處于某種狀態(tài)，如：crowded，devoted，discouraged，done，dressed，drunk，experienced，frightened，gone，hurt，interested，killed，known，learned，lost，pleased，satisfied，shut，surprised，tired，undressed，worried，astonished，broken，completed，covered等。二、非謂語動詞作主語、表語、賓語1．非謂語動詞作主語(1)Laughinghelpsyourbodystayhealthyandcanevenhelpyoufightpain.(動名詞作主語)(2)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式作主語)(3)Itisimportanttorespectpeople.(不定式短語作主語，it作形式主語)(4)Itisnousecryingoverspitmilk.(動名詞短語作主語，it作形式主語)2．非謂語動詞作表語(1)動名詞作表語時，說明主語的性質(zhì)，回答what引導的問句。(2)不定式作表語時，說明主語尚未發(fā)生的動作或表示將來的動作。3．非謂語動詞作賓語非謂語動詞作賓語的主要是不定式和動名詞(1)afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等動詞后跟不定式作賓語。(2)appreciate，avoid，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，postpone，resist，risk，stand，suggest等動詞后跟動名詞作賓語。(3)以下動詞后接不定式和動名詞作賓語意義不同。動詞接動名詞作賓語接不定式作賓語remember記得曾做過某事記得要做某事forget忘記曾做過某事忘記要做某事try嘗試做某事努力做某事regret對做過的事表示后悔對要做的事表示遺憾mean意味著做某事企圖(打算)做某事can'thelp禁不住做某事不能幫助做某事goon繼續(xù)做未完成的事做完一件事后，接著做另一件事stop中斷正在做的事中斷正在做的事，去做別的事【特別提醒】1．動名詞作賓語時，可以帶邏輯主語。此時，邏輯主語可以是物主代詞、人稱代詞的賓格或所有格。Doyoumindmy/mereadingyourpaper?你介意我看你的考卷嗎？2．作賓語的動名詞和不定式除了一般式和主動式，還有完成式、被動式。完成式表示該動作比謂語動作先發(fā)生。否定式在doing/todo前加not。(1)Iregretnothavingtakenheradvice.(not須放在having前)我感到遺憾，沒有聽從她的建議。(2)Theycouldn'tstandbeingtreatedlikethat.他們不能忍受被那樣對待。(3)HedecidedtohelpmebutIpretendedtohavefinishedmyjob.他決定幫我，但我假裝已經(jīng)完成工作了。非謂語動詞做主語、賓語1.Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoid(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeelchallenged.2.Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;by________(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.3.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,________(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.4.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude________(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.5.________(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.6.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout________(use)electricequipment.7.Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeand________(reduce)toruins,thecitytookonanewlook.8.Iremembered________(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.9.Ican'tstand________withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses________talkingwhilesheworks.A．working;stopping B．towork；stoppingC．working；tostop D．towork；tostop10.Isn'tittimeyougotdownto________thepapers?A．mark B．bemarkedC．beingmarked D．marking【特別提醒】非謂語作主語、賓語的重點(1)it充當動詞不定式的形式主語或形式賓語①ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.對我們來說學好英語是非常重要的。②IthinkitimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.我認為對我們來說學好英語是非常重要的。(2)it作形式主語使用動名詞的句型①Itisnouse/nogood/useless＋doingsthItisnousecrying.哭沒有用。②Itisfun(agreatpleasure,awasteoftime)＋doingsthItisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.設法解釋是浪費時間。非謂語動詞做表語1.Theyarerequired________(process)thefoodthatweeat，torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.2.—Areyousureyou'rereadyforthetest?—Noproblem.I'mwell________(prepare)forit.3.Wegotalittle________(sunburn)，butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn'tmind.4.Theenginejustwon'tstart.Somethingseems________(go)wrongwithit.5.Tomsoundsverymuch________(interest)inthejob,butI'mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.6.Pleaseremain________；thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.A．seating B．seated C．toseat D．tobeseated【特別提醒】非謂語作表語的重點(1)不定式、動名詞與分詞作表語的區(qū)別。不定式和動名詞作表語相當于一個名詞作表語，含義是回答主語“是什么”；分詞作表語相當于形容詞作表語，含義是回答主語“怎么樣”。Ourplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.我們的計劃是讓這件事成為秘密。Theirjobismakingwheelchairsfordisabledpeople.他們的工作是為殘疾人制造輪椅。Themusictheyareplayingsoundsexciting.他們演奏的音樂聽起來令人激動。Thisbeautifulvillageremainsunknowntotherestoftheworld.這個美麗的村莊仍未被外界所知。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語都是用于回答主語“怎么樣”的?，F(xiàn)在分詞說明主語的特征，過去分詞說明主語的狀態(tài)。如：Thisdogisfrightening.這條狗讓人害怕。(說明狗的特征)Thisdogisfrightened.這條狗有些害怕。(說明狗的心理狀態(tài))Climbingistiringandwearecompletelytiredafteraday'sclimbing.爬山是累人的，爬了一天的山我們都全累壞了。(tiring說明climbing的特征，tired說明我們的狀態(tài))三、非謂語動詞作定語1．不定式作定語表未來的動作且后置，它與所修飾的名詞或不定式代詞存在主謂、動賓或同位關系。Youarethethirdonetoentertheroom.(主謂關系)Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.(動賓關系)Hehasnoopportunitytogoabroad.(同位關系)2．動名詞作定語多前置，表示所修飾的事物的性能和用途。areadingroom(＝aroomforreading)3．現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表主動和進行，可轉換為定語從句。Thequestionbeingdiscussed(＝whichisbeingdiscussed)nowisimportant.4．過去分詞作定語表被動和完成，也可轉換為定語從句。Thequestiondiscussed(＝whichwasdiscussed)yesterdayisimportant.非謂語動詞做定語1.．..aTVshowinthemid-1980s，whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter________(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.2.Youcannotacceptanopinion________(offer)toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.3.Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelf________(stand)inthecorner.4.Ifthereisalotofwork________，I'mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.A．todo B．tobedoingC．done D．doing【特別提醒】1．不定式作定語(1)不定式作定語常用于不定代詞或被thefirst/next/only/last等修飾的名詞和其他一些名詞、代詞之后。其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一個將來或經(jīng)常性的動作，完成式則表示該動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。例如：Sheisalwaysthefirst(one)tocomeandthelasttoleave.(2)如果作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞有動賓關系，在不及物動詞后通常要加上適當?shù)慕樵~。例如：Let'sfirstfindaroomtolivein/toputthethingsin.(3)不定式作定語修飾一個在邏輯上是其賓語名詞時，若在句子中能找到該不定式的邏輯主語，則該不定式多用主動表被動，否則，用被動式。例如：Haveyougotanythingtosayatthemeeting?(you...say...anything)HereisalettertobetakentoMr.Li.在therebe句型中，有時用主動式或被動式意思不同。比較：Thereisnothingtodoatpresent.(＝Wehavenothingtodoatpresent.)Thereisnothingtobedoneatpresent.(＝Wecandonothingatpresent.)2．－ing分詞作定語(1)單個的－ing分詞作定語一般前置，說明名詞的性質(zhì)、特征或用途等，－ing短語作定語一般后置；強調(diào)動作的單個－ing分詞也常后置。例如：asleepingcar(＝acarforsleeping)asleepingchild(＝achildwhoissleeping)(2)－ing分詞作定語一般要求其動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或是在說話時該動作正在進行，否則，要用從句作定語。例如：Doyouknowtheboytalking(＝whoistalking)totheteacher?比較：誤：Heisthemanvisitingourclassyesterday.正：Heisthemanwhovisitedourclassyesterday.3．－ed分詞作定語－ed分詞作定語一般表示一個被動或已完成動作，－ing分詞表示一個主動或正在進行的動作，－ing分詞的被動式則表示一個正在被進行的動作。例如：adeveloped/developingcountryHeisastudentlovedbyalltheteachers.ThebuildingbeingbuiltwillbethethirdTeachingBuildingofourschool.4．像定語從句一樣，分詞作定語也有非限制性的，其作用相當于一個非限制性定語從句例如：Thestudents,wearingtheirschooluniforms,marchedintotheplayground.Thesubstance,discoveredalmostbyaccident，hasgreatlychangedtheworld.四、非謂語動詞作賓語補足語1．a(chǎn)dvise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish等動詞后面常用不定式作補語。如：Tellthechildrennottoplayonthestreet.Thepolicewarnedusnottogooutatnight.2．make/let/have等使役動詞后面用不帶to的不定式作補語，但在被動句中則使用帶to的不定式。如：Theymakethestudentsdotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.Thestudentsaremadetodotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.3．感官動詞后面可用不帶to的不定式或分詞作補語。從時間上看，不定式表示發(fā)生或完成；現(xiàn)在分詞強調(diào)正在進行；過去分詞表示完成。從邏輯關系上看，不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語之間存在著主謂關系；過去分詞與賓語之間存在著動賓關系。如：Isawhimcrossthestreet.我看到他穿過了大街。Isawhimcrossingthestreet.我看到他正在穿過大街。Isawhimsurroundedbyagroupofstudents.我看到一群學生圍著他。五、非謂語動詞的否定式、進行式、完成式和被動式1．非謂語動詞的否定式均是在前面加not。Hepretendednottoseeme.Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.Nothavingtriedhisbest，hefailedintheexam.2．不定式的進行式、完成式和被動式。當謂語動詞表示的動作(情況)發(fā)生時，不定式動作正在進行，不定式要用進行式。Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.當不定式的動作在謂語動作發(fā)生時，不定式要用完成式。Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.當不定式的邏輯主語為不定式動作的承受者時，不定式要用被動式。Thepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.3．動名詞的完成式、被動式、完成被動式和帶有邏輯主語的復合結構。Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.4．現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式和被動式。當現(xiàn)在分詞的動作早于謂語動作發(fā)生時，現(xiàn)在分詞要用完成式。Havingdonehishomework，heplayedbasketball.當現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語為其動作的承受者時，現(xiàn)在分詞要用被動式。Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.Havingbeentoldmanytimes，thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.非謂語動詞做賓語補足語1.Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts______(develop)aftergreateffort.2.Whenwesawtheroad________(block)withsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.3.Passengersarepermitted________(carry)onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.4.Theteacheraskedus________somuchnoise.A．don'tmake B．notmakeC．notmaking D．nottomake5.—Excuseme，sir,whereisRoom301?—Justaminute.I'llhaveBob________youtoyourroom.A．show B．shows C．toshow D．showing【特別提醒】非謂語動詞做賓語補足語的要點：(1)主動關系用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動關系用過去分詞，將來的動作用不定式。(2)幾個特別的結構▲have＋賓語＋do/doing/done①“have＋賓語＋dosth”意為“讓/叫/使某人做某事”。此結構中的have是使役動詞，賓語后的dosth是不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。Thebossoftenhasthemworkfor14hoursaday.老板經(jīng)常要他們一天工作14個小時。②“have＋賓語＋doing”意為“叫/讓/使某人做某事或讓某種情況發(fā)生”。賓語后面用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，表示賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動作之間為主動關系，且動作正在進行。Don'thavethedogbarkingmuch,Lilin.李林，別讓狗狂吠不停。③“have＋賓語＋done”意為“讓/叫/使/請別人做某事”或者是“遭受/遭遇了……，此時，主語是無意中的受動者，而不是動作的執(zhí)行者”的意思。賓語后面用過去分詞作賓語補足語，說明賓語與過去分詞表示的動作之間是被動關系。Wehadthemachinemendedjustnow.我們剛才請人把機器修好了。Hehadhisleginjuredwhileplayingfootball.他在踢足球時腿受了傷?！鴊et＋賓語＋todo/doing/done三種結構的意義請參看上述“have＋賓語＋do/doing/done”的意義解釋。Hegothissistertohelphimwithhisclothes.他讓姐姐幫他洗衣服。Canyoureallygetthatoldclockgoingagain.你真的能讓那輛舊鐘再走起來嗎？Dorisgotherbadtoothpulledoutinthehospital.多麗絲在醫(yī)院把壞牙拔了?！鴆atchsbdoingsth逮住某人干某事Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary,she'llbefurious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日記，她會憤怒的?！鴐ake＋oneself＋doneoneself與其后的過去分詞存在著動賓關系，或者說是被動關系Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard.他提高了嗓門為了使別人聽清他的講話。非謂語動詞的固定搭配和句型1.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut________(meet)anevengreaterchallenge.2.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.3.Herprogressinspeakingability,________(tell)thetruth,isabigcomforttome.4.________(fill)withshame,theboyloweredhishead,readyforthepunishmentfromhisdad.【特別提醒】已經(jīng)成為固定用法的非謂語動詞(短語)：常見的有：considering...(鑒于/考慮到……)，judgingby/from...(從……來看，依據(jù)……來判斷),supposingthat...(假定……),providingthat...(假定……),accordingto...(依據(jù)……),including...(包括……),owingto...(由于……),talking/speakingof...(談及……)，given...(考慮到……),providedthat...(如果……)，totellthetruth說實話課后練習一1.Linda,IamafraidthatIwon’tbeinourdormitorytonightbecausemymotherhascomehereseemeandIplantosleepintheroomshehasbookedinanearbyhotel.

2.Allinall,Ithinkmyenthusiasmandfullsenseofresponsibilitywillmakemeaqualifyingteachingassistant.

3.Lastsummer,myparentsandIpaidavisittoEurope.Ittookusabout10hoursflyfromBeijingtoLondon,Britain.

4.Todayallthestudentsinmyschoolhadaheatdiscussionaboutwhetherwestudentsshouldwearschooluniformsornot.

5.SoeverydayafterthatIwouldspendonehourpractisemyoralEnglishonQQ.

6.Comparingwithotherteachers,Mr.Moorepaysmoreattentiontohiswayofteaching.

7.Truefriendshipisthecommunicationoftheheartsandunderstandofthesouls.

8.Atfirst,seenthewavescomingoneafteranother,Iwasafraid.

9.Itwasagreatpleasuretohavesuchadevotingfriend.

10.Iwillavoidfindexcusesforputtingthemoff.

二Passage1Thetruththattreesarevitaltoourlifeisnotasecret.Theyprovideuswithfood,woodandmostimportantly,oxygen.Nowthereisonemorethingwecanaddtothislist—1(block)outharmfulbacteriafromwater.

Thediscoverywasmadebyateam2(consist)ofscientistsfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)andhighschoolstudentswhowereseekinganaturalwaterfilter—onethatwouldhelpcommunitiesin3(develop)countriesthatdonothaveaccesstomodernwaterfiltersystems.

Theresearchers,4(lead)byProfessorRohitKarnik,decided5(turn)totreesforhelpbecausetheycouldallowliquid6(flow)through,whileblockingoutairbubbles.

Theybeganby7(cut)1.5-inch-widesectionsoftreebarkfromthebranchesofawhitepinetree.Thepeople8(relate)thentestedthewood’sfilteringabilitybypouringwater9(contain)reddyeparticlesofdifferentsizesthrough.Totheiramazement,theyfoundthatitwaseffectiveintrappingallthearticles.10(encourage),theteamconductedanotherexperiment,thistimewithwaterthatcontainedbacteria.Sureenough,thesapwoodheldback99%ofthebacteria,allowingonly1%toflowthrough.

Passage2Inthesummerof1848,inGuatemala,aman1(call)AmbrosioTutwentintothejungle,ashedidalmosteveryday.Tutwasagum-collector(樹膠采集者),2(look)forguminthejungle.3(do)this,hehadtoclimbthetrees.Onhisparticularday,hegottothetopofonetreeandsomethingcaughthiseye.Helookedoutacrossthetreesandsawthetopsofsomeoldbuildings.

Tutdidn’treallyknowwhathehadseenbutheknewitwassomethingspecial.Heran4(tell)thelocalgovernor,andtogetherthey5(walk)intothejungle.TheretheyfoundTikal(蒂卡爾),acitythattheMayans(瑪雅人)6(build)manyhundredsofyearsbefore.Thetwomensawtemplesandpyramids,squaresandhouses,andplaceswherekingshadlivedwhentheMayanpeopleruledtheregion.

Foralongtimebeforethatday,localpeoplehadknownthatsomewhereinthejungletherewasanoldMayancity,butnoonehadseenitforcenturies.Between200and900AD,thecityofTikalhadbeenthecenterofMayancivilizationintheregion,butthentheMayansleftthereandnobodyknowswhy!After1000AD,thejunglebegan7(cover)itandpeopleforgotthatitwasthere.

SevenyearsbeforeTutlookedoutforthetrees,twoBritishexplorershadgonetoGuatemalaandhadwrittenareportaboutMayantreasuresinthejungle,buttheydidn’tmentionTikal.Evenearlierthanthis,localIndianshadtoldEuropeantravelersaboutagreatcity8(hide)inthetrees,butnoonewouldlistentothem.Nowthe9(lose)cityhadbeenfoundagain,andarchaeologistswentthereimmediately10(see)it.

答案全解全析題型一、辨別謂語與非謂語動詞1【答案】consider【解析】考查祈使句。句意：你在放棄工作之前，考慮一下你的家人對你的決定的看法。分析句子結構可知，before引導的是時間狀語從句，其后是主句，主句中沒有出現(xiàn)主語，說明這是一個祈使句，應用動詞原形consider。2【答案】understand3【答案】D【解析】句意：把他留給我應該是一個好選擇。相信我。leaving是動名詞作主語。4【答案】C【解析】該題目把祈使句，非謂語動詞以及破折號的作用綜合到一起來進行考查。句意：請幫我個忙——邀請我的朋友史密斯先生今晚7點半到青年劇院。破折號后是一個祈使句?！局攸c、難點】一、非謂語動詞作狀語1答案toimprove解析根據(jù)語境“改善水質(zhì)”是“政府鼓勵農(nóng)民種玉米而不種水稻”的目的，故用動詞不定式作目的狀語。2【答案】taken3【答案】tocreate【解析】句意：熟練的工匠也把硬木和金屬結合在一起制作特殊的圖案。此處為動詞不定式作目的狀語。4【答案】telling【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我小時候，媽媽常常坐在我的床邊給我講故事，一直講到我睡著?？崭袂笆且粋€主干無缺、語意完整的句子，因此一定要使用非謂語動詞。從句子結構分析得知，“給我講故事一直講到我睡著”是作伴隨狀語的。telling可作伴隨狀語，表示動作正在進行。5【答案】Havingeaten6【答案】A【解析】“only”后接不定式表示出人意料的結果。7【答案】B【解析】從句意來分析，主句部分表示油價上漲了百分之三十二，逗號后面的內(nèi)容為油價上漲后的必然結果“達到……記錄”。非謂語動詞做主語、賓語1lookingavoid后接動名詞作賓語。avoiddoingsth.避免做某事。2【答案】eating【解析】考查動詞-ing作介詞賓語。在介詞about，before，after，for，with，by等之后作賓語應該用動詞-ing形式，故用eating。3【答案】laying4【答案】introducing【解析】句意：我的大使職責將包括把英國參觀者介紹給成都的120多只大熊貓及其他一些在碧峰峽霧山中一個研究中心里的熊貓們。include為及物動詞，后面應用動名詞形式作賓語。5答案：Ignoring句意為：忽視這兩種研究結果的差異將是你所犯的最嚴重錯誤之一。分析句子結構可知，句子的謂語部分是willbe，oneoftheworstmistakes是表語，youmake是省略關系代詞的定語從句，修飾mistakes。很顯然，________thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindings是主語部分，結合語境可知設空處用動名詞作主語。答案為Ignoring。6答案：using句意為：除了樸素之美外，令人贊嘆的是這些土坯房具有不使用電氣設備就能自動進行空氣調(diào)節(jié)的能力。介詞without后面用名詞或動名詞作賓語，故填using。7【答案】beingreduced【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在遭遇非常嚴重的地震變成廢墟之后不久，那個城市就呈現(xiàn)出了嶄新的面貌。and為并列連詞，連接after后的兩個賓語sufferingfrom...和beingreducedto...。bereducedto(doing)sth.使淪為，固定結構。8【答案】tolock9【答案】C【解析】stand在這里表示“忍受”，后面要求用動名詞作賓語，而“refuse”要用不定式作賓語。10【答案】D【解析】“gotdownto”中的“to”是介詞，因而要用動名詞作賓語，而動名詞“marking”與其邏輯主語“you”是主動關系。非謂語動詞做表語1【答案】toprocess【解析】分析句子結構可知，此處考查berequiredtodosth.的固定用法。考生要善于分析句子結構，再結合自己的知識儲備才