新GRE Argument題庫翻譯(已將所有重題合并)

新GRE-Argument全翻譯1.WovenbasketscharacterizedbyaparticulardistinctivepatternhavepreviouslybeenfoundonlyintheimmediatevicinityoftheprehistoricvillageofPaleaandthereforewerebelievedtohavebeenmadeonlybythePaleanpeople.Recently,however,archaeologistsdiscoveredsucha"Palean"basketinLithos,anancientvillageacrosstheBrimRiverfromPalea.TheBrimRiverisverydeepandbroad,andsotheancientPaleanscouldhavecrosseditonlybyboat,andnoPaleanboatshavebeenfound.Thusitfollowsthattheso-calledPaleanbasketswerenotuniquelyPalean.一種具有獨(dú)特花紋的編織籃子以前只在史前村莊Palea的臨近地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)過,因而被認(rèn)為是Palea居所獨(dú)有的。然而最近,考古學(xué)家在一個(gè)與Palea隔著一條叫做Brim河的村莊Lithos發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)這樣的Palea籃子。Brim河很深很寬,所以古代Palea人只能坐船穿過它,但沒有證據(jù)表明Palea人擁有船只。這表明那種所謂的Palea籃子并不是那里所獨(dú)有的。2.Thefollowingappearedaspartofalettertotheeditorofascientificjournal."Arecentstudyofeighteenrhesusmonkeysprovidescluesastotheeffectsofbirthorderonanindividual'slevelsofstimulation.Thestudyshowedthatinstimulatingsituations(suchasanencounterwithanunfamiliarmonkey,firstborninfantmonkeysproduceuptotwiceasmuchofthehormonecortisol,whichprimesthebodyforincreasedactivitylevels,asdotheiryoungersiblings.Firstbornhumansalsoproducerelativelyhighlevelsofcortisolinstimulatingsituations(suchasthereturnofaparentafteranabsence.Thestudyalsofoundthatduringpregnancy,first-timemothermonkeyshadhigherlevelsofcortisolthandidthosewhohadhadseveraloffspring."最近一項(xiàng)對恒河猴的調(diào)查揭示了出生順序?qū)τ趥€(gè)體刺激水平的影響。調(diào)查顯示在受到刺激的環(huán)境下(例如遇到一個(gè)不熟悉的猴子,頭胎小猴的皮質(zhì)醇分泌會翻倍,這樣增加了它及其兄弟姐妹的身體靈活度。人類的頭胎孩子在遇到刺激(例如父母外出回家時(shí)也會分泌出相對濃度的皮質(zhì)醇。研究同時(shí)還發(fā)現(xiàn)在懷孕期間,第一次為人母的猴子的皮質(zhì)醇要比生過幾次孩子后的猴子水平高很多。3/171.ThefollowingappearedasalettertotheeditorfromtheownerofaskateshopinCentralPlaza."TwoyearsagothecityvotedtoprohibitskateboardinginCentralPlaza.Theyclaimedthatskateboarduserswereresponsibleforthelitterandvandalismthatwerekeepingothervisitorsfromcomingtotheplaza.Inthepasttwoyears,however,therehasonlybeenasmallincreaseinthenumberofvisitorstoCentralPlaza,andlitterandvandalismarestillproblematic.SkateboardingispermittedinMonroePark,however,andthereisnoproblemwithlitterorvandalismthere.InordertorestoreCentralPlazatoitsformerglory,then,werecommendthatthecityliftitsprohibitiononskateboardingintheplaza."兩年前,市里投票禁止了在中央廣場玩滑板。他們認(rèn)為是滑板愛好者的廢棄物和損毀公物的行為使游客遠(yuǎn)離了廣場。然而在過去兩年中,中央廣場的游客卻只有少數(shù)增加,而且廢棄物和損毀公物的行為依然存在?；暹\(yùn)動在M公園就被允許,但是那里卻沒有任何的廢棄物和損毀公物的行為。為了能讓中央廣場重新煥發(fā)生機(jī),我們建議市里應(yīng)該取消廣場禁止滑板的限令。4.Thefollowingappearedinaletterfromahomeownertoafriend."Ofthetwoleadingrealestatefirmsinourtown—AdamsRealtyandFitchRealty—AdamsRealtyisclearlysuperior.Adamshas40realestateagents;incontrast,Fitchhas25,manyofwhomworkonlypart-time.Moreover,Adams'revenuelastyearwastwiceashighasthatofFitchandincludedhomesalesthataveraged$168,000,comparedtoFitch's$144,000.HomeslistedwithAdamssellfasteraswell:tenyearsagoIlistedmyhomewithFitch,andittookmorethanfourmonthstosell;lastyear,whenIsoldanotherhome,IlisteditwithAdams,andittookonlyonemonth.Thus,ifyouwanttosellyourhomequicklyandatagoodprice,youshoulduseAdamsRealty."在本市的兩家最大的房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)公司--AdamsRealty和FitchRealty--之中,Adams顯然更優(yōu)秀一些。Adams有40名房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人,而Fitch只有25個(gè),且很多是兼職工作。而且,Adams去年的收入是Fitch的兩倍,其平均房價(jià)為$168000,而Fitch僅為$144000。在Adams銷售的房屋賣得也更快:十年前,我把我的房產(chǎn)交給Fitch,它用了四個(gè)多月才賣出去;去年,我在Adams賣了另一處房產(chǎn),僅用一個(gè)月就售出了。因此,要想讓你的房產(chǎn)賣的更快更好,你應(yīng)該選擇Adams。5/159/173.ThefollowingappearedinalettertotheeditoroftheBalmerIslandGazette."OnBalmerIsland,wheremopedsserveasapopularformoftransportation,thepopulationincreasesto100,000duringthesummermonths.Toreducethenumberofaccidentsinvolvingmopedsandpedestrians,thetowncouncilofBalmerIslandshouldlimitthenumberofmopedsrentedbytheisland'smopedrentalcompaniesfrom50perdayto25perdayduringthesummerseason.Bylimitingthenumberofrentals,thetowncouncilwillattainthe50percentannualreductioninmopedaccidentsthatwasachievedlastyearontheneighboringislandofSeaville,whenSeaville'stowncouncilenforcedsimilarlimitsonmopedrentals."b島的人口在夏季達(dá)到了100000,而助力車則是島上一種非常普遍的交通方式。為了減少由助力車和行人引發(fā)的事故,b島市政府應(yīng)該限制島上夏季助力車租賃公司的租車數(shù)量,從原來的每天50量減少到25量。通過限制出租數(shù)量,市政府將會實(shí)現(xiàn)助力車事故減少50%的目標(biāo),就像去年鄰近s島市政府在實(shí)施了同樣的政策后所取得的效果。6.ArcticdeerliveonislandsinCanada'sarcticregions.Theysearchforfoodbymovingovericefromislandtoislandduringthecourseoftheyear.Theirhabitatislimitedtoareaswarmenoughtosustaintheplantsonwhichtheyfeedandcoldenough,atleastsomeoftheyear,fortheicetocovertheseaseparatingtheislands,allowingthedeertotraveloverit.Unfortunately,accordingtoreportsfromlocalhunters,thedeerpopulationsaredeclining.Sincethesereportscoincidewithrecentglobalwarmingtrendsthathavecausedtheseaicetomelt,wecanconcludethatthepurporteddeclineindeerpopulationsistheresultofthedeer'sbeingunabletofollowtheirage-oldmigrationpatternsacrossthefrozensea.北極鹿生活在加拿大極地區(qū)域的島嶼上。它們?nèi)甓纪ㄟ^冰塊在島嶼間移動來尋找食物。它們的棲居地局限在那些溫暖得足以維持它們所需的植物生長,并且在一年的至少某些時(shí)候冷到足以讓?shí)u嶼間的海面結(jié)冰以使它們能夠在島嶼間旅行的地方。然而,根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)孬C人的報(bào)告,鹿的數(shù)量正在下降。由于這一報(bào)告正好與最近導(dǎo)致海洋冰面融化的全球變暖趨勢同時(shí)發(fā)生,我們可以得出結(jié)論:北極鹿數(shù)量的下降是它們無法按它們原有的遷移習(xí)慣穿越結(jié)冰海面的結(jié)果。7/98/99.ThefollowingisarecommendationfromtheBoardofDirectorsofMonarchBooks."WerecommendthatMonarchBooksopenacaféinitsstore.Monarch,havingbeeninbusinessatthesamelocationformorethantwentyyears,hasalargecustomerbasebecauseitisknownforitswideselectionofbooksonallsubjects.Clearly,openingthecaféwouldattractmorecustomers.Spacecouldbemadeforthecafébydiscontinuingthechildren'sbooksection,whichwillprobablybecomelesspopulargiventhatthemostrecentnationalcensusindicatedasignificantdeclineinthepercentageofthepopulationunderageten.OpeningacaféwillallowMonarchtoattractmorecustomersandbettercompetewithRegalBooks,whichrecentlyopeneditsowncafé."我們建議m書店在電內(nèi)開設(shè)一個(gè)咖啡廳。M書店在目前的店址上已經(jīng)經(jīng)營了20多年,并由于其廣泛的圖書種類而擁有了龐大的客戶群體。很明顯,新開設(shè)的咖啡廳會吸引更多的客戶,空間可以通過撤出兒童書籍柜臺來獲得,因?yàn)樽罱淮稳珖{(diào)查顯示10歲以下兒童的比率顯著下降,所以兒童書就可能沒以前那么暢銷。開設(shè)新咖啡廳將會使m吸引更多客戶并更好的與最近剛開設(shè)了咖啡廳的r書店展開競爭。8.ThefollowingappearedinamemofromthedirectorofstudenthousingatBuckinghamCollege."Toservethehousingneedsofourstudents,BuckinghamCollegeshouldbuildanumberofnewdormitories.Buckingham'senrollmentisgrowingand,basedoncurrenttrends,willdoubleoverthenext50years,thusmakingexistingdormitoryspaceinadequate.Moreover,theaveragerentforanapartmentinourtownhasriseninrecentyears.Consequently,studentswillfinditincreasinglydifficulttoaffordoff-campushousing.Finally,attractivenewdormitorieswouldmakeprospectivestudentsmorelikelytoenrollatBuckingham."為滿足我們學(xué)生的住房需求,Buckingham學(xué)院應(yīng)該建造一幢新的宿舍。Buckingham的報(bào)名人數(shù)正在增加,而且按照現(xiàn)有趨勢,報(bào)名人數(shù)將會在未來50年中增加一倍,從而導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)有住宅不能滿足要求。而且,我們鎮(zhèn)上公寓的平均租金在近幾年間上漲了。因此,學(xué)生將會越來越發(fā)現(xiàn)難于負(fù)擔(dān)校外住宿費(fèi)用。最后,一幢引人注目的新宿舍將會使未來的學(xué)生更愿意報(bào)考Buckingham。9/88/90.Nature'sWay,achainofstoressellinghealthfoodandotherhealth-relatedproducts,isopeningitsnextfranchiseinthetownofPlainsville.Thestoreshouldprovetobeverysuccessful:Nature'sWayfranchisestendtobemostprofitableinareaswhereresidentsleadhealthylives,andclearlyPlainsvilleissuchanarea.Plainsvillemerchantsreportthatsalesofrunningshoesandexerciseclothingareatall-timehighs.Thelocalhealthclubhasmoremembersthanever,andtheweighttrainingandaerobicsclassesarealwaysfull.Finally,Plainsville'sschoolchildrenrepresentanewgenerationofpotentialcustomers:theseschoolchildrenarerequiredtoparticipateinafitness-for-lifeprogram,whichemphasizesthebenefitsofregularexerciseatanearlyage.NW是一家專賣保健食品及其他相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的連鎖店,準(zhǔn)備將其下一家店鋪開在Plainsville。這家店一定會很成功:因?yàn)槲覀兊纳痰暝谀切┚訉】瞪罡叨汝P(guān)注的地區(qū)是盈利最多的。很明顯,plainsville就是這樣的地方。Plainsville的商家報(bào)告說運(yùn)動鞋和運(yùn)動衣的銷售處于歷史高點(diǎn)。當(dāng)?shù)匾患铱刁w俱樂部現(xiàn)在的會員比以往任何時(shí)候都多,減肥訓(xùn)練和有氧運(yùn)動班總是滿員。另外,我們還可以預(yù)見到新生代的顧客群:Plainsville的在校學(xué)生被要求參加一個(gè)叫做"終生健康"的項(xiàng)目,它強(qiáng)調(diào)從小開始經(jīng)常鍛煉的好處。10/21/23.Twentyyearsago,Dr.Field,anotedanthropologist,visitedtheislandofTertia.Usinganobservation-centeredapproachtostudyingTertianculture,heconcludedfromhisobservationsthatchildreninTertiawererearedbyanentirevillageratherthanbytheirownbiologicalparents.Recentlyanotheranthropologist,Dr.Karp,visitedthegroupofislandsthatincludesTertiaandusedtheinterview-centeredmethodtostudychild-rearingpractices.IntheinterviewsthatDr.Karpconductedwithchildrenlivinginthisgroupofislands,thechildrenspentmuchmoretimetalkingabouttheirbiologicalparentsthanaboutotheradultsinthevillage.Dr.KarpdecidedthatDr.Field'sconclusionaboutTertianvillageculturemustbeinvalid.SomeanthropologistsrecommendthattoobtainaccurateinformationonTertianchild-rearingpractices,futureresearchonthesubjectshouldbeconductedviatheinterview-centeredmethod.20年前,知名人類學(xué)F博士訪問了T島,并從他的觀察中得出結(jié)論:T島的孩子是由整個(gè)村子撫養(yǎng)長大而不是他們的親生父母。然而,另一位人類學(xué)家K最近對生活在T島以及周邊一些島嶼的兒童采訪顯示,他們在談話中談到他們呢雙親的時(shí)間遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于談到村莊里其他成年人。K博士的這次研究證明F博士關(guān)于T島鄉(xiāng)村文化的結(jié)論是錯(cuò)的,一些人類學(xué)家建議要想以進(jìn)一步獲取準(zhǔn)確的T島的兒童成長規(guī)律,未來應(yīng)該采用采訪為主的方法。11.ThecouncilofMapleCounty,concernedaboutthecounty'sbecomingoverdeveloped,isdebatingaproposedmeasurethatwouldpreventthedevelopmentofexistingfarmlandinthecounty.Butthecouncilisalsoconcernedthatsucharestriction,bylimitingthesupplyofnewhousing,couldleadtosignificantincreasesinthepriceofhousinginthecounty.ProponentsofthemeasurenotethatChestnutCountyestablishedasimilarmeasuretenyearsago,anditshousingpriceshaveincreasedonlymodestlysince.However,opponentsofthemeasurenotethatPineCountyadoptedrestrictionsonthedevelopmentofnewresidentialhousingfifteenyearsago,anditshousingpriceshavesincemorethandoubled.Thecouncilcurrentlypredictsthattheproposedmeasure,ifpassed,willresultinasignificantincreaseinhousingpricesinMapleCounty.M市政府十分擔(dān)心M市過度開發(fā),正在討論一項(xiàng)阻止開發(fā)本市現(xiàn)有耕地的提議。但市政當(dāng)局也同樣擔(dān)心這樣通過限制新房供地的舉措12.Fifteenyearsago,OmegaUniversityimplementedanewprocedurethatencouragedstudentstoevaluatetheteachingeffectivenessofalltheirprofessors.Sincethattime,Omegaprofessorshavebeguntoassignhighergradesintheirclasses,andoverallstudentgradeaveragesatOmegahaverisenby30percent.Potentialemployers,lookingatthisdramaticriseingrades,believethatgradesatOmegaareinflatedanddonotaccuratelyreflectstudentachievement;asaresult,OmegagraduateshavenotbeenassuccessfulatgettingjobsashavegraduatesfromnearbyAlphaUniversity.Toenableitsgraduatestosecurebetterjobs,OmegaUniversityshouldterminatestudentevaluationofprofessors.15年前,Omega大學(xué)實(shí)施了一項(xiàng)新措施,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生對所有教授的教學(xué)效果進(jìn)行評價(jià)。從那以后,Omega的教授開始給予學(xué)生更高的分?jǐn)?shù),Omega的學(xué)生成績總平均上升了30%。未來的雇主顯然認(rèn)為Omega的分?jǐn)?shù)貶值了,無法反映出學(xué)生的真實(shí)能力。因此,Omega的畢業(yè)生找工作時(shí)沒有鄰近的Alpha大學(xué)畢業(yè)生成功。為使Omega畢業(yè)生找到好工作,我們應(yīng)立即停止學(xué)生對教授的評價(jià)。13.Inanattempttoimprovehighwaysafety,PruntyCountylastyearlowereditsspeedlimitfrom55to45milesperhouronallcountyhighways.Butthisefforthasfailed:thenumberofaccidentshasnotdecreased,and,basedonreportsbythehighwaypatrol,manydriversareexceedingthespeedlimit.PruntyCountyshouldinsteadundertakethesamekindofroadimprovementprojectthatButlerCountycompletedfiveyearsago:increasinglanewidths,resurfacingroughhighways,andimprovingvisibilityatdangerousintersections.Today,majorButlerCountyroadsstillhavea55mphspeedlimit,yettherewere25percentfewerreportedaccidentsinButlerCountythispastyearthantherewerefiveyearsago.為了提升高速公路的安全性,p市去年把所有高速公路的限速由55降到了45。但是這樣的努力嘗試失敗了,事故發(fā)生的數(shù)量沒有下降,并且根據(jù)高速巡警的報(bào)告很多司機(jī)都超速駕駛。所以p市應(yīng)該采用b市5年前相同的道路改善計(jì)劃:增加車道寬度,重新鋪設(shè)不平路面以及改善危險(xiǎn)交叉路口的能見度。今天,b市的主要道路依然是55限速,但上報(bào)的事故率卻比5年前減少了25%。14/118.Thefollowingappearedaspartofanarticleinabusinessmagazine."Arecentstudyrating300maleandfemaleMentianadvertisingexecutivesaccordingtotheaveragenumberofhourstheysleeppernightshowedanassociationbetweentheamountofsleeptheexecutivesneedandthesuccessoftheirfirms.Oftheadvertisingfirmsstudied,thosewhoseexecutivesreportedneedingnomorethan6hoursofsleeppernighthadhigherprofitmarginsandfastergrowth.Theseresultssuggestthatifabusinesswantstoprosper,itshouldhireonlypeoplewhoneedlessthan6hoursofsleeppernight."最近一項(xiàng)根據(jù)每天平均睡眠時(shí)間,對300名m市廣告公司男女高管調(diào)查顯示出了高管們所需的睡眠時(shí)間與他們公司成功與否的關(guān)聯(lián)。根據(jù)對這些廣告公司的研究,那些公司高管報(bào)告說每天睡眠不足6小時(shí)的公司利潤更高并且發(fā)展更快。這些結(jié)果表明如果公司想蓬勃發(fā)展,他們就必須只雇傭那些每天睡眠不足6小時(shí)的管理人員。15/51/130/131/133..ThefollowingmemorandumisfromthebusinessmanagerofHappyPancakeHouserestaurants."Recently,butterhasbeenreplacedbymargarineinHappyPancakeHouserestaurantsthroughoutthesouthwesternUnitedStates.Thischange,however,hashadlittleimpactonourcustomers.Infact,onlyabout2percentofcustomershavecomplained,indicatingthatanaverageof98peopleoutof100arehappywiththechange.Furthermore,manyservershavereportedthatanumberofcustomerswhoaskforbutterdonotcomplainwhentheyaregivenmargarineinstead.Clearly,eitherthesecustomersdonotdistinguishbutterfrommargarineortheyusetheterm'butter'torefertoeitherbutterormargarine."HappyPancakeHouse在美國西南部的餐廳用人造黃油代替了天然黃油。但是這種改變對顧客的影響非常小因?yàn)橹挥写蠹s2%的顧客投訴,這說明100個(gè)人中有98人對于這種替換是樂于接受的。而且,很多服務(wù)生報(bào)告說很多仍然要了天然黃油的顧客在被給予人造黃油的時(shí)候并沒有投訴。顯然,這些顧客要么分不清天然黃油和人造黃油,要么是用"天然黃油"這個(gè)詞匯來指天然黃油或人造黃油。16.InsurveysMasonCityresidentsrankwatersports(swimming,boating,andfishingamongtheirfavoriterecreationalactivities.TheMasonRiverflowingthroughthecityisrarelyusedforthesepursuits,however,andthecityparkdepartmentdevoteslittleofitsbudgettomaintainingriversiderecreationalfacilities.Foryearstherehavebeencomplaintsfromresidentsaboutthequalityoftheriver'swaterandtheriver'ssmell.Inresponse,thestatehasrecentlyannouncedplanstocleanupMasonRiver.Useoftheriverforwatersportsis,therefore,suretoincrease.Thecitygovernmentshouldforthatreasondevotemoremoneyinthisyear'sbudgettoriversiderecreationalfacilities.調(diào)查顯示m市的老百姓把水上運(yùn)動(游泳,劃船及垂釣作為最受歡迎的娛樂活動。貫穿m市的M河很少被用于水上運(yùn)動,然而城市公園部門很少投入資金去維護(hù)沿河的活動設(shè)施。這么多年居民們一直投訴河水的質(zhì)量及味道。為了回應(yīng)這一投訴,當(dāng)局最近宣布了清理M河的計(jì)劃,因此M河的水上活動使用將會增加。所以市政府應(yīng)該增加對河岸活動設(shè)施的資金投入。17/93.ThefollowingappearedinamemorandumfromthemanagerofWWACradiostation."Toreverseadeclineinlistenernumbers,ourownershavedecidedthatWWACmustchangefromitscurrentrock-musicformat.Thedeclinehasoccurreddespitepopulationgrowthinourlisteningarea,butthatgrowthhasresultedmainlyfrompeoplemovinghereaftertheirretirement.Wemustmakelistenersofthesenewresidents.Wecouldswitchtoamusicformattailoredtotheirtastes,butacontinuingdeclineinlocalsalesofrecordedmusicsuggestslimitedinterestinmusic.Insteadweshouldchangetoanewsandtalkformat,aformofradiothatisincreasinglypopularinourarea."為了扭轉(zhuǎn)觀眾流失的局面,WWAC的老板們決定必須要摒棄目前的搖滾樂風(fēng)格。盡管我們廣播區(qū)域內(nèi)人口增加,收聽人數(shù)依然下降。但增加的人口主要是一些退休后移居本地的。我們必須要抓住這些新的聽眾,我們可以轉(zhuǎn)變音樂風(fēng)格來迎合他們,但最近本地音樂銷量的持續(xù)走低表明他們對音樂沒什么興趣。所以,我們可以變?yōu)樾侣務(wù)勗掝惖男问絹硖嵘覀冸娕_在本地的人氣。18/20.Thefollowingisamemorandumfromthebusinessmanagerofatelevisionstation."Overthepastyear,ourlate-nightnewsprogramhasdevotedincreasedtimetonationalnewsandlesstimetoweatherandlocalnews.Duringthisperiod,mostofthecomplaintsreceivedfromviewerswereconcernedwithourstation'scoverageofweatherandlocalnews.Inaddition,localbusinessesthatusedtoadvertiseduringourlate-nightnewsprogramhavecanceledtheiradvertisingcontractswithus.Therefore,inordertoattractmoreviewerstoournewsprogramsandtoavoidlosinganyfurtheradvertisingrevenues,weshouldexpandourcoverageofweatherandlocalnewsonallournewsprograms."去年,我們的深夜新聞節(jié)目投入了更多的時(shí)間播放全國新聞,較少的時(shí)間播放天氣預(yù)報(bào)和地方新聞。在同一時(shí)期,我們從觀眾那里獲得的投訴大部分是關(guān)于電視臺對于天氣和地方新聞的播放的。而且,若干曾經(jīng)在我們深夜新聞節(jié)目播放廣告的地方企業(yè)剛剛?cè)∠撕臀覀兊膹V告契約。因此,為吸引更多的電視觀眾觀看我們的新聞節(jié)目并避免失去未來的廣告收入,我們應(yīng)該在我們所有的新聞節(jié)目中增加天氣和地方新聞的播報(bào)。19.Twoyearsago,radiostationWCQPinRockvilledecidedtoincreasethenumberofcall-inadviceprogramsthatitbroadcast;sincethattime,itsshareoftheradioaudienceintheRockvillelisteningareahasincreasedsignificantly.GivenWCQP'srecentsuccesswithcall-inadviceprogramming,andcitinganationwidesurveyindicatingthatmanyradiolistenersarequiteinterestedinsuchprograms,thestationmanagerofKICKinMedwayrecommendsthatKICKincludemorecall-inadviceprogramsinanattempttogainalargeraudienceshareinitslisteningarea.兩年前,R地區(qū)的WCQP電臺決定增加在其廣播節(jié)目的電話參與節(jié)目。此后,其在R地區(qū)的聽眾覆蓋率急劇增加。鑒于WCQP這種措施的成功,同時(shí)也根據(jù)一項(xiàng)全國范圍的調(diào)查顯示很多的觀眾比較喜歡這樣的電話參與節(jié)目,M地區(qū)的Kick電臺的經(jīng)理建議Kick也應(yīng)該增加類似的電話參與節(jié)目以來擴(kuò)大在其地區(qū)的聽眾占有率。22/119/120/138.Accordingtoarecentreport,cheatingamongcollegeanduniversitystudentsisontherise.However,GrovetonCollegehassuccessfullyreducedstudentcheatingbyadoptinganhonorcode,whichcallsforstudentstoagreenottocheatintheiracademicendeavorsandtonotifyafacultymemberiftheysuspectthatothershavecheated.Groveton'shonorcodereplacedasysteminwhichteacherscloselymonitoredstudents;underthatsystem,teachersreportedanaverageofthirtycasesofcheatingperyear.Inthefirstyearthehonorcodewasinplace,studentsreportedtwenty-onecasesofcheating;fiveyearslater,thisfigurehaddroppedtofourteen.Moreover,inarecentsurvey,amajorityofGrovetonstudentssaidthattheywouldbelesslikelytocheatwithanhonorcodeinplacethanwithout.Thus,allcollegesanduniversitiesshouldadopthonorcodessimilartoGroveton'sinordertodecreasecheatingamongstudents.通過最近一次報(bào)告,大學(xué)作弊現(xiàn)象顯著增加。然而G大學(xué)卻通過采取誠信制度的方式使該校學(xué)生作弊現(xiàn)象減少。該制度要求同學(xué)同意在學(xué)業(yè)中不作弊,并且但他們懷疑別人作弊是告知老師。G大學(xué)的誠信制度取代了原有的老師嚴(yán)密監(jiān)管的老體制,在老體制中平均每年有30起作弊被上報(bào)。而在實(shí)施新制度后的第一年,學(xué)生上報(bào)了21起。五年后,這一數(shù)字更是下降到14起。另外,最近一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示,G大學(xué)絕大多數(shù)學(xué)生表示有了誠信制度以后比以前更不可能作弊了。因此,所有的大學(xué)都應(yīng)該采取與G大學(xué)類似的誠信制度來降低學(xué)生作弊現(xiàn)象。24.Arecentlyissuedtwenty-yearstudyonheadachessufferedbytheresidentsofMentiainvestigatedthepossibletherapeuticeffectofconsumingsalicylates.Salicylatesaremembersofthesamechemicalfamilyasaspirin,amedicineusedtotreatheadaches.Althoughmanyfoodsarenaturallyrichinsalicylates,food-processingcompaniesalsoaddsalicylatestofoodsaspreservatives.Thetwenty-yearstudyfoundacorrelationbetweentheriseinthecommercialuseofsalicylatesandasteadydeclineintheaveragenumberofheadachesreportedbystudyparticipants.Atthetimewhenthestudyconcluded,food-processingcompanieshadjustdiscoveredthatsalicylatescanalsobeusedasflavoradditivesforfoods,and,asaresult,manycompaniesplantodoso.Basedonthesestudyresults,somehealthexpertspredictthatresidentsofMentiawillsufferevenfewerheadachesinthefuture.最近一項(xiàng)20年關(guān)于M地區(qū)百姓頭痛的研究正在探尋水楊酸的潛在治療作用。水楊酸酯和用來治療頭痛的藥物--阿司匹林是同一類化合物。盡管很多食品天然富含水楊酸酯,食品加工公司仍然在食品中加入它來作為防腐劑。這種水楊酸酯在商業(yè)上的使用被發(fā)現(xiàn)與我們?yōu)槠?0年研究的參加者所報(bào)告的頭痛發(fā)病的平均數(shù)量下降是相關(guān)的。但研究結(jié)束時(shí),食品加工公司卻剛剛發(fā)現(xiàn)水楊酸酯也可以被用作食品香料,因此很多公司準(zhǔn)備這樣添加。依據(jù)以上的研究,一些健康專家預(yù)期Mentia居患頭痛癥的數(shù)量將會持續(xù)穩(wěn)步下降。25/100/102/164..Thefollowingwaswrittenasapartofanapplicationforasmall-businessloanbyagroupofdevelopersinthecityofMonroe."AjazzmusicclubinMonroewouldbeatremendouslyprofitableenterprise.Currently,thenearestjazzclubis65milesaway;thus,theproposednewjazzclubinMonroe,theC-Note,wouldhavethelocalmarketalltoitself.Plus,jazzisextremelypopularinMonroe:over100,000peopleattendedMonroe'sannualjazzfestivallastsummer;severalwell-knownjazzmusiciansliveinMonroe;andthehighest-ratedradioprograminMonroeis'JazzNightly,'whichairseveryweeknightat7P.M.Finally,anationwidestudyindicatesthatthetypicaljazzfanspendscloseto$1,000peryearonjazzentertainment."在Monroe建立爵士樂俱樂部將會是非常盈利的產(chǎn)業(yè)。當(dāng)前,最近的爵士俱樂部也在65英里以外;因此,我們籌建的俱樂部CNote將會占有全部的本地市場。而且,爵士樂在Monroe非常流行:去年夏天10萬多人參加了Monroe的爵士音樂節(jié),若干知名爵士音樂家居住在Monroe,Monroe獲評價(jià)最高的廣播節(jié)目是平時(shí)每天播出的JazzNightly。最后,一項(xiàng)全國性研究表明典型的爵士愛好者每年花費(fèi)近1000元用于爵士娛樂。26/28.ThefollowingappearedinthesummaryofastudyonheadachessufferedbytheresidentsofMentia."Salicylatesaremembersofthesamechemicalfamilyasaspirin,amedicineusedtotreatheadaches.Althoughmanyfoodsarenaturallyrichinsalicylates,forthepastseveraldecades,food-processingcompanieshavealsobeenaddingsalicylatestofoodsaspreservatives.Thisriseinthecommercialuseofsalicylateshasbeenfoundtocorrelatewithasteadydeclineintheaveragenumberofheadachesreportedbyparticipantsinourtwenty-yearstudy.Recently,food-processingcompanieshavefoundthatsalicylatescanalsobeusedasflavoradditivesforfoods.Withthisnewuseforsalicylates,wecanexpectacontinuedsteadydeclineinthenumberofheadachessufferedbytheaveragecitizenofMentia."水楊酸酯和用來治療頭痛的藥物--阿司匹林是同一類化合物。盡管很多食品天然富含水楊酸酯,過去幾十年中食品加工公司仍然在食品中加入它來作為防腐劑。這種水楊酸酯在商業(yè)上的使用被發(fā)現(xiàn)與我們?yōu)槠?0年研究的參加者所報(bào)告的頭痛發(fā)病的平均數(shù)量下降是相關(guān)的。最近,食品加工公司發(fā)現(xiàn)水楊酸酯也可以被用作食品香料。根據(jù)這種水楊酸酯的新用途,我們可以預(yù)期Mentia居患頭痛癥的數(shù)量將會持續(xù)穩(wěn)步下降。27/29.Thefollowingappearedinalettertotheeditorofalocalnewspaper."Commuterscomplainthatincreasedrush-hourtrafficonBlueHighwaybetweenthesuburbsandthecitycenterhasdoubledtheircommutingtime.Thefavoredproposalofthemotorists'lobbyistowidenthehighway,addinganadditionallaneoftraffic.Butlastyear'sadditionofalanetothenearbyGreenHighwaywasfollowedbyaworseningoftrafficjamsonit.AbetteralternativeistoaddabicyclelanetoBlueHighway.Manyarearesidentsarekeenbicyclists.Abicyclelanewouldencouragethemtousebicyclestocommute,andsowouldreducerush-hourtrafficratherthanfosteringanincrease."乘客抱怨在郊區(qū)與市中心的B高速公路的更長交通高峰期使他們在路上的時(shí)間多花了一倍。一個(gè)駕駛協(xié)會的不錯(cuò)建議是拓寬高速公路,修建一條附加機(jī)動車道。但去年但臨近的G高速采用了相同的方法后交通狀況更加惡化。一種更好的建議是在B高速上修一條自行車道。很多的當(dāng)?shù)厝硕际亲孕熊噽酆谜?。一條新的自行車道將會激勵(lì)他們騎自行車外出,這樣的方式照比駕駛協(xié)會的建議會減少高峰時(shí)間而不是延長。30.Thefollowingappearedasarecommendationbyacommitteeplanningaten-yearbudgetforthecityofCalatrava."Thebirthrateinourcityisdeclining:infact,lastyear'sbirthratewasonlyone-halfthatoffiveyearsago.Thusthenumberofstudentsenrolledinourpublicschoolswillsoondecreasedramatically,andwecansafelyreducethefundsbudgetedforeducationduringthenextdecade.Atthesametime,wecanreducefundingforathleticplayingfieldsandotherrecreationalfacilities.Asaresult,wewillhavesufficientmoneytofundcityfacilitiesandprogramsusedprimarilybyadults,sincewecanexpecttheadultpopulationofthecitytoincrease."我們市的出生率正在降低:事實(shí)上,去年的出生率只是5年前的一半。因此學(xué)生的入學(xué)人數(shù)將會急劇下降,我們可以放心的削減未來10年的教育經(jīng)費(fèi)。與此同時(shí),我們也可以減少對操場和其他活動設(shè)施的經(jīng)費(fèi)。所以,我們可以有充足的費(fèi)用去扶持城市設(shè)施及其他的成人項(xiàng)目,因?yàn)槲覀冾A(yù)測未來城市里面的成人人口將會增加。31/105/106.ThefollowingappearedinalettertotheeditorofParsonCity'slocalnewspaper."InourregionofTrillura,themajorityofmoneyspentontheschoolsthatmoststudentsattend—thecity-runpublicschools—comesfromtaxesthateachcitygovernmentcollects.Theregion'scitiesdiffer,however,inthebudgetaryprioritytheygivetopubliceducation.Forexample,bothasaproportionofitsoveralltaxrevenuesandinabsoluteterms,ParsonCityhasrecentlyspentalmosttwiceasmuchperyearasBlueCityhasforitspublicschools—eventhoughbothcitieshaveaboutthesamenumberofresidents.Clearly,ParsonCityresidentsplaceahighervalueonprovidingagoodeducationinpublicschoolsthanBlueCityresidentsdo."在我們t地區(qū),政府用于公立學(xué)校教育的開支大部分都是從各地市政府征收的稅收而來的。然而,依據(jù)總體稅收比率及相關(guān)政策來看,該地區(qū)不同城市對于公立教育的重視程度是不同的。例如,p城市用于公立學(xué)校的預(yù)算是b市的2倍,盡管兩個(gè)城市居民的數(shù)量基本相同。所以,p城市百姓顯然比b市居民更加關(guān)注公立教育。32/104/167.ThefollowingappearedinamemofromavicepresidentofQuiotManufacturing."Duringthepastyear,QuiotManufacturinghad30percentmoreon-the-jobaccidentsthanatthenearbyPanoplyIndustriesplant,wheretheworkshiftsareonehourshorterthanours.Expertssaythatsignificantcontributingfactorsinmanyon-the-jobaccidentsarefatigueandsleepdeprivationamongworkers.Therefore,toreducethenumberofon-the-jobaccidentsatQuiotandtherebyincreaseproductivity,weshouldshorteneachofourthreeworkshiftsbyonehoursothatemployeeswillgetadequateamountsofsleep."在過去,Q工廠的工傷事故比鄰近的Panoply工廠多30%,Panoply的每班工作時(shí)間比我們的短一個(gè)小時(shí)。專家相信導(dǎo)致很多工傷事故的重要因素就是工人的疲勞和睡眠不足。因此,為減少Q(mào)的工傷事故數(shù)量并提高生產(chǎn)效率,我們應(yīng)該把我們的三個(gè)班次的工作時(shí)間每個(gè)都減少一小時(shí),從而我們的雇員將有更充足的睡眠。33.Thefollowingappearedinamemorandumfromtheplanningdepartmentofanelectricpowercompany."Severalrecentsurveysindicatethathomeownersareincreasinglyeagertoconserveenergy.Atthesametime,manufacturersarenowmarketingmanyhomeappliances,suchasrefrigeratorsandairconditioners,thatarealmosttwiceasenergyefficientasthosesoldadecadeago.Also,newtechnologiesforbetterhomeinsulationandpassivesolarheatingarereadilyavailabletoreducetheenergyneededforhomeheating.Therefore,thetotaldemandforelectricityinourareawillnotincrease—andmaydeclineslightly.Sinceourthreeelectricgeneratingplantsinoperationforthepasttwentyyearshavealwaysmetourneeds,constructionofnewgeneratingplantswillnotbenecessary."一些最近的調(diào)查表明,房主越來越強(qiáng)烈地希望節(jié)省能源,并且生產(chǎn)商現(xiàn)在正在推出很多比十年前的電器幾乎節(jié)能兩倍的家用電器,比如冰箱和空調(diào),這些電器要比10前出售的節(jié)能50%。而且,更好的房屋隔熱和被動式太陽能采暖的新技術(shù)已經(jīng)可以用于減少家庭采暖所需的能源。因此,我們預(yù)計(jì)我們地區(qū)的用電需求總量不會增加,而可能有輕微下降。由于我們的已經(jīng)運(yùn)作了20年的三座發(fā)電站總能夠滿足需求,我們無需建造新的發(fā)電廠。34/58/94.ThevicepresidentofhumanresourcesatClimpsonIndustriessentthefollowingrecommendationtothecompany'spresident."Inanefforttoimproveouremployees'productivity,weshouldimplementelectronicmonitoringofemployees'Internetusefromtheirworkstations.EmployeeswhousetheInternetfromtheirworkstationsneedtobeidentifiedandpunishedifwearetoreducethenumberofworkhoursspentonpersonalorrecreationalactivities,suchasshoppingorplayinggames.Byinstallingsoftwaretodetectemployees'Internetuseoncompanycomputers,wecanpreventemployeesfromwastingtime,fosterabetterworkethicatClimpson,andimproveouroverallprofits."為提高我們的員工的生產(chǎn)效率,我們應(yīng)該在員工的電腦上加裝電子監(jiān)控來監(jiān)視員工對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的使用。如果我們要減少用于私人以及娛樂活動,比如購物或玩游戲的工作時(shí)間,那些在電腦上不正當(dāng)使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的員工必須要被確認(rèn)并且受到懲罰。通過在公司電腦上安裝檢測員工使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的軟件,我們可以防止員工浪費(fèi)時(shí)間,并培養(yǎng)C公司更好的工作氛圍,以及提高我們的整體利潤。35/52/128/129.ThefollowingappearedinaletterfromtheowneroftheSunnysideTowersapartmentcomplextoitsmanager."Onemonthago,alltheshowerheadsinthefirstthreebuildingsoftheSunnysideTowerscomplexweremodifiedtorestrictmaximumwaterflowtoone-thirdofwhatitusedtobe.Althoughactualreadingsofwaterusagebeforeandaftertheadjustmentarenotyetavailable,thechangewillobviouslyresultinaconsiderablesavingsforSunnysideCorporation,sincethecorporationmustpayforwatereachmonth.Exceptforafewcomplaintsaboutlowwaterpressure,noproblemswithshowershavebeenreportedsincetheadjustment.IpredictthatmodifyingshowerheadstorestrictwaterflowthroughoutalltwelvebuildingsintheSunnysideTowerscomplexwillincreaseourprofitsevenmoredramatically."一個(gè)月前,Sunnyside塔樓最低的五層的所有淋浴噴頭被調(diào)節(jié)成水壓只有以前的大約三分之一。盡管