人教版八年級數(shù)學(xué)上冊教案(全冊整理版)

目錄第11章145第11章三角形00一、三角形的基本性質(zhì)1、三角形1第頁共132頁CcBbAa腰腰例24x2x㎝。4x4x442、三角形的高、中線與角平分線A2第頁共132頁AEFDCBOA或或或3、三角形的穩(wěn)定性）A21BDC）ABCD3第頁共132頁二、三角形的內(nèi)角與外角1、三角形內(nèi)角和為°。例AAB000從C0000000000000000C是。002、三角形的外角4第頁共132頁三、多邊形1、多邊形的基本性質(zhì)及概念nnn5第頁共132頁畫2、多邊形的內(nèi)角和。ADBC；于6第頁共132頁于；nn。n一EADE1O2B354A12C3O4DBC圖1圖2n一例1例2F1B5CE34DBBAF+∠ABC+∠BAD+∠CDE+∠DEF+∠EFA=6×180°-4×180°CAnnD7第頁共132頁本章小結(jié)高n例1點(diǎn)BHEACD例2沿A8第頁共132頁BED1A2C例3APBC(2)第十二章全等三角形9第頁共132頁1、全等三角形ABCC12第頁共頁2、三角形全等的判定（SSS）12第頁共132頁A與D是第頁共頁中,CD,.1AB=DF，AC=DE，BE=CF，BC與第頁共頁第第頁共頁OBOB111111OAO11OOA于點(diǎn)C11111DD作射線OB，∠AOB1111111DOD11111DCODOD．1111111111第頁共頁A和B中12B第頁共頁圖1A于23第頁共頁第第頁共頁1第頁共頁畫在全?在在A)AAEDBCCB第頁共頁第頁共頁第第頁共頁圖12第頁共頁以為在和AB,ACBD,第頁共頁BCEF,ACDFCABFDE在和第第頁共頁第頁共頁A和O于于12第頁共頁P(yáng)在PEO,,OP,S處PP在和OPOP,PE,PD第頁共頁P(yáng)作P在P第第頁共頁第頁共頁和90,CD,.2第頁共頁與P畫證P在MADPNBC第頁共頁第第頁共頁于第頁共頁與過O與第頁共頁第頁共頁第頁共頁：點(diǎn)第頁共頁L與L312PA與B312PCAPCBRtCL與1與第頁共頁第頁共頁AB1C和D2則LAA第頁共頁第頁共頁LAAL點(diǎn)ALALLLALALL第頁共頁L的LL第頁共頁LBLC使與LC的BLLCLCBLCALCLBLA在LAAP為第頁共頁P(yáng)P作到P作到PPMaaxxxx第頁共頁xy點(diǎn)，右眼為B與Ay軸對稱，則A到y(tǒng)y、11A到x1111114第頁共頁A11y11A22x22Ay1By1Cy1Dy1yAx2Bx2Cx2Dx2xx12xyxx12第頁共頁我們先在坐標(biāo)系中作出AxA作xxMAxx12x212xxxyAy過A作yN則Ayy12y第頁共頁21y2yy例x67第頁共頁AABBCIILLBLL第頁共頁A,BDCCD,AD,,ACAD,AD,1BDC2AD在DCBx的x第頁共頁C交于BDACE交中1PAD,ADC,BDACE））第頁共頁和O第頁共頁0ABOA中BCD1BC,AD,轉(zhuǎn)化成相應(yīng)的EADBC第頁共頁DACB5B的和MACCDBNEDBE(1)(2)A中，AB=AC，BD、CE是△ABCED第頁共頁3412BC1122AEDBCA1122DEBC第頁共頁第頁共頁ABC例BA第頁共頁60P1122于AD21BFECADEAB、AC．△BC第頁共頁A柱⊥ABDC1∴∠B=∠C=2到AD12BCEA于EDBC第頁共頁含第頁共頁AABCBDCD(2)(1)112212ACACBBD至至11225]右圖是屋架設(shè)計(jì)圖的一部分，點(diǎn)DB第頁共頁DAEC11與D221是41122121又21122已△中，AB=AC=2a，∠∠DA而∠DAC是三角形中，BC1214C12在BAD112422第頁共頁1AD2CBA12到BC(1)121A2BDC在(2)CNMACB第頁共頁,MCB,CB,111B1112B11B111在=AC2C11111C1111∴BC=AB=22111第頁共頁個(gè)個(gè)個(gè)個(gè)2㎝㎝6㎝㎝x（））)是中AD則50°或50°EC）BD則DE()第頁共頁)（）,則.6、如圖（6）,△ABC中,DE是,AE=3cm,△ABDAAAEEDBCDBDCBCM為xM67題點(diǎn)CxD在AD第頁共頁BCADBC是ADBCE第頁共頁2225552225527第頁共頁；(34)；(34)；(76)111）×（）；3()101010．(34(aaa)(aaa)(aaaa)aa(mn)a；；；5343322347a是a得3336第第頁共頁第頁共頁234r）3324V=）233）23a）3323個(gè)a）232322）．2222636））））．32343n22）==a．mn））））．33534n77）；）；335n第頁共頁）；）．7734）．3222）mn第2第頁共頁））3435792第頁共頁3）34）334333333344444nnb．nnnbnnnbnnn，nbc．nnnn）．3332433））；；323455）；5；45）；n）]；2232（7）（x）－（x）；8；4463）m32232第頁共頁bnnn第33．333第頁共頁為．2254555x=mx．5224444；223）3b2322123第頁共頁2a第3第頁共頁12223311xy－2xy·（－12xy）252462351a6第頁共頁3AAA322）2223bb33321）22223yy332222y223221934322212xy2312（2ab+b）42223第頁共頁第第頁共頁第頁共頁31242222mn第第頁共頁第頁共頁222121234121234552266422453y53259162x22424455226659ab－25362222426）222244）444488314431117444143111115）．22444441616第頁共頁68?1315?6163?5961?77?1414?6262?6060?2422422第頁共頁第頁共頁2；2；22．22a22．22和a和第頁共頁a2第2第頁共頁22222第頁共頁12121222a22a22a222222把a(bǔ)2222．222第2222第頁共頁a和bab；；；．2222；22222；2222222第頁共頁222222；222．22221a22222．222221；）2232222；22．22222111））222333431．9－211）223311）2233第頁共頁431．9－2．282424ab－）；；22321）；．223；；22；．222x．22222第222第頁共頁第頁共頁2286288；(72)；(7)．(73anm；793；．872425）25nn÷7=7；2－2220；550nn0a000amn第頁共頁y；44623m．20第1mn第頁共頁3；n25322y242yy；b6733244nm第第頁共頁第頁共1頁）22212y）3xy）；452341xyz）÷（－2xyz）；2532324522y23324yyy243322222322第第頁共1頁2第頁共1頁a222）．2222；22222．223第頁共1頁122232t；222．222第頁共1頁和2222bb3263224222222223232223222322232]2222]222）222222322222]222）2222第頁共1頁333第第頁共1頁；；2222949x．22；2；2；．2222；22；2．222第頁共1頁；；222222；．222222a．222；32222mn22mn32．49xa322aa．3；2221x+14xx4a22a．222第第頁共1頁222．2222222222222a2222第頁共1頁；2；442xy；2；222222252224422222xyxy22222222222222n63第2第頁共1頁123222222；222；22；22．222；22第頁共頁2262222m232m4374…5…3579…aabba92）2）1（）22a）2）22）22第頁共1頁xxy．234332第x22，，，.sv7asx第頁共1頁vv=.vv，，，vsvvasABBBAB21x例1.當(dāng)x3x2x當(dāng)mm21mm21012m○○mm1m37419y8y3，y2,,,m205x9x當(dāng)xx3232x5x42當(dāng)x為何xxx12x77xx2x5x3x第頁共1頁與與34152093824與與34152093824AA?CAAC＝＝BB?CBBCb1xyxy22例==2xyac4xyz3xy)3yx2例16xyz52x6aba2323==x3xx3b32abmn226c2mn22第頁共1頁aca=xy1mnmn=bcbyxyx22和3、和5132346128ca11例和和2abbcy1y122[分析]第頁共1頁12ab和和2ababc23x3222.vmabn12abmnn24m22例y2m5n37xxa242a1aa214a42例69yyy)a22y2[分析]122第頁共1頁500、21a21a222222c22ya2b2a2b2cab5xab2bayxy3x3x1()xy()()x4y2xy第頁共1頁b22a()ba6a93aa22例16a242ba9a2b2[分析]ab28xy3x()9ab(4)2xyb32ab28xyb()9ab3===2xyx32ab8xyb22xy9ab3x3216b9232x6(xx2)3x(x=44x4x22x61(xx2)44x4x233xx2(x1(xx2)==(2x)233xx2(x1(xx2)(x2)23(xx2=x23xx2yx2xyyxy228xy()(xyx)2424y6zxxy62第頁共1頁aaaaaaa()bb()bbb2=4=）3=）bbaaaaa()bbbb）ba()bnbcca234()3()()()例224a3ab2ab3cb3b5b)b2(()2=2=2a2a2a4a222y8y3x9x32()3=()2=3x9x3xbxb22(5x)2(ab)(222a3ay)3()33y2c33xy2x22第頁共1頁2xyx32xy()(3)2xy()()()24zyx2zy3x3x()()()2232x2y2第頁共1頁111,,2xy3xy9xy23422例ababba16abababa3a92222x3yx2y2x3yx2y2x2y2x2y211x6x29x362x1x1611x6=x362xx9x32(x(xx22(xx)(x(x6x9)(x2x32====2(xx2(2x6xxxxm2nn2mab5ab4ab7abnmmnnmabababab第頁共1頁yxa2a1a24a)()aa例xyxya2aa4a4222[分析]x2x14x()22x2xx4x4x24xy2xyx4xy422xyxyxy24xy2xyx4xy42xy2xyxy24xy22xyxy=222xyxy22xyxy()()x22xyxy==(xy)(xy)2xy2xy(yx)(xy)(xy)=xy第頁共1頁x24x22xab11()()()abx22xabba321()()a24a2a2a2114()aa2a2a21an=an11第頁共1頁aa（1）同底數(shù)的冪的乘法：amnmn(a)amnmn(ab)abnnnaa（4）同底數(shù)的冪的除法：a(mnmnaabnn()nb0a01.111109aa35a31aaaaa35===mmnna3a2a21aaa35=35=a2a2=a21na=nan例=0(==例y2))332例=2=2=0y)3yy)223223)31第頁共1頁例v1006020＋v20v－＝5第頁共1頁x51x216x214xx4x2x24x223x3x例1x31x1(xx2)第頁共1頁.vv第頁共1頁例例年5vA1AA向B千第頁共1頁ABAAMAMBBMBMaa01anana×anacbdacadbdbcacac