新gre閱讀真題與解析維上校

新GRE閱 &解C上?！ぞ?-獻(xiàn)給

還在夢想的，苦苦追尋的你【Preface寫面日子久了，慢慢懂得，生命里，快樂是一種能力：Part1新GREOG閱讀部 Part2新GREPracticebook閱讀部 Part3新GREPPII閱讀部 Part4新GRE閱讀解 待【注】由于ppII中，第二部分的內(nèi)容會取決于你做第一部分的正確率，Part1GREOG閱讀部SampleQuestionQuestions1to3arebasedonthefollowingreadingRevivingthepracticeofusingelementsofpopularmusicinclassicalcomposition,anapproachthathadbeeninhibernationintheUnitedStatesduringthe1960s,composerPhilipGlass(born1937)embracedtheethosofpopularmusicwithoutimitatingit.GlassbasedtwosymphoniesonmusicbyrockmusiciansDavidBowieandBrianEno,.butthesymphonies’soundisdistinctively5his.PopularelementsdonotappearoutofplaceinGlass’sclassicalmusic,whichfromitsearlydayshassharedcertainharmoniesandrhythmswithrockmusic.YetthisuseofpopularelementshasnotmadeGlassacomposerofpopularmusic.Hismusicisnotaversionofpopularmusicpackagedtoattractclassicallisteners;itishighartforlistenerssteepedinrockratherthantheSelectonlyoneanswerThepassageaddresseswhichofthefollowingissuesrelatedtoGlass’suseofpopularelementsinhisclassicalcompositions?AHowitisregardedbylistenerswhopreferrocktotheBHowithasaffectedthecommercialsuccessofGlass’sCWhetherithascontributedtoarevivalofinterestamongothercomposersinusingpopularelementsintheircompositionsDWhetherithashadadetrimentaleffectonGlass’sreputationasacomposerofclassicalmusicEWhetherithascausedcertainofGlass’sworkstobederivativeinConsiderConsidereachofthethreechoices yandselectallthatThepassagesuggeststhatGlass’sworkdisplayswhichofthefollowingAAreturntotheuseofpopularmusicinclassicalBAnattempttoelevaterockmusictoanartisticstatusmorecloselyapproximatingthatofclassicalmusicCAlong-standingtendencytoincorporateelementsfromtwoapparentlydisparatemusicalstylesSelectthesentencethatdistinguishestwowaysofintegratingrockandclassicalReadingReadingComprehensionQuestions:ForeachofQuestions1to9,selectoneanswerchoiceunlessotherwise whoagreestoserveasmediatorbetweentwowarringfactionsattherequestofbothabandonsbysoagreeingtherighttotakesideslater.Totakesidesatalaterpointwouldbetosuggestthattheearlierpresumptiveimpartialitywasasham.ThepassageaboveemphasizeswhichofthefollowingpointsaboutATheyshouldtrytoformnoopinionsoftheirownaboutanyissuethatisrelatedtotheBTheyshouldnotagreetoserveunlesstheyarecommittedtomaintainingastanceofCTheyshouldnotagreetoserveunlesstheyareequallyacceptabletoallpartiestoaDTheyshouldfeelfreetotakesidesinthedisputerightfromthestart,providedthattheymaketheirbiasespubliclyknown.ETheyshouldreservetherighttoabandontheirimpartialitysoasnottobeopentothechargeofhavingbeendeceitful.Questions2to5arebasedonthefollowingreadingWasFelixMendelssohn(1809–1847)agreatcomposer?Onitsface,thequestionseemsabsurd.Oneofthemostgiftedprodigiesinthehistoryofmusic,heproducedhisfirstmasterpieceatsixteen.Fromthenon,hewasrecognizedasanartistofpreternaturalabilities,notonlyasacomposerbutalsoasapianistandconductor.ButMendelssohn’senduringpopularityhasoftenbeenatodds—sometimesquitesharply—withhiscriticalstanding.Despitegeneralacknowledgmentofhisgenius,therehasbeenanoticeablereluctancetorankhimwith,say,SchumannorBrahms.AsHagginputit,Mendelssohn,asacomposer,wasa“minormaster...workingonasmallscaleofemotionandtexture.”SelectasentenceinthepassagewhosefunctionistoindicatetherangeofMendelssohn’smusicaltalents.ThepassagesuggeststhatanyoneattemptingtoevaluateMendelssohn’scareermustconfrontwhichofthefollowingdichotomies?AThetensionbetweenMendelssohn’scareerasacomposerandhiscareerasapianistandBThecontrastbetweenMendelssohn’spopularityandthatofSchumannandCThediscrepancybetweenMendelssohn’spopularityandhisstandingamongDTheinconsistencybetweenMendelssohn’sreputationduringhislifetimeandhisreputationsincehisdeathEThegapbetweenMendelssohn’sprodigiousmusicalbeginningsandhisdeclineinlaterItcanbeinferredthatthe“reluctance”mentionedinthepassageisbeingascribedAmostcomposerssinceBSchumannandCthemusic-listeningDmusiccriticsEHagginTheauthormentionsSchumannandBrahmsprimarilyinorderAprovideexamplesofcomposerswhoareoftencomparedwithBidentifycertaincomposerswhoaremorepopularthanCidentifycomposerswhomMendelssohnDestablishthemilieuinwhichMendelssohnEestablishastandardofcomparisonforMendelssohnasaQuestions6and7arebasedonthefollowingreadingWhilemostscholarshiponwomen’semploymentintheUnitedStatesrecognizesthattheSecondWorldWar(1939–1945)dramaticallychangedtheroleofwomenintheworkforce,thesestudiesalsoacknowledgethatfewwomenremainedinmanufacturingjobsoncemenreturnedfromthewar.Butinagriculture,unlikeotherindustrieswherewomenwereviewedastemporaryworkers,women’semploymentdidnotendwiththewar.Instead,theexpansionofagricultureandasteadydecreaseinthenumberofmalefarmworkerscombinedtocausetheindustrytohiremorewomeninthepostwaryears.Consequently,the1950ssawagrowingnumberofwomenengagedinfarmlabor,eventhoughrhetoricinthepopularmediacalledforthereturnofwomentodomesticlife.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemanufacturingandagriculturalsectorsintheUnitedStatesfollowingtheSecondWorldWardifferedinwhichofthefollowingrespects?ATherateofexpansionineachBThepercentageofemployeesineachsectorwhowereCThetrendinthewagesofmenemployedineachDTheattitudeofthepopularmediatowardtheemploymentofwomenineachsectorETheextenttowhichwomenineachsectorweresatisfiedwiththeirWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutwomen’semploymentintheUnitedStatesduringandaftertheSecondWorldWarismostclearlysupportedbythepassage?AMostwomenwhojoinedtheworkforceduringtheSecondWorldWarwantedtoreturntodomesticlifewhenthewarended.BThegreatmajorityofwomenwhojoinedtheworkforceduringtheSecondWorldWarwereemployedinmanufacturingjobs.CTheendoftheSecondWorldWarwasfollowedbyalarge-scaletransferofwomenworkersfrommanufacturingtoagriculture.DTheincreaseinwomen’semploymentthat paniedtheSecondWorldWarwaslongerlastinginagriculturethanitwasinmanufacturing.EThepopularmediaweremoreforcefulincallingforwomentojointheworkforceduringtheSecondWorldWarthanincallingforwomentoreturntodomesticlifeaftertheQuestions8and9arebasedonthefollowingreadingSincetheHawaiianIslandshaveneverbeenconnectedtootherlandmasses,thegreatvarietyofplantsinHawaiimustbearesultofthelong-distancedispersalofseeds,aprocessthatrequiresbothamethodoftransportandanequivalencebetweentheecologyofthesourceareaandthatoftherecipientarea. Thereissomedisputeaboutthemethodoftransportinvolved.SomebiologistsarguethatoceanandaircurrentsareresponsibleforthetransportofplantseedstoHawaii.Yettheresultsofflotationexperimentsandthelowtemperaturesofaircurrentscastdoubtonthesehypotheses.Moreprobableisbirdtransport,eitherexternally,byaccidentalattaentoftheseedstofeathers,orinternally,bytheswallowingoffruitandsubsequentexcretionoftheseeds.Whileitislikely10thatfewervarietiesofplantseedshavereachedHawaiiexternallythaninternally,morevarietiesareknowntobeadaptedtoexternalthantointernaltransport.TheauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedAdiscussingdifferentapproachesbiologistshavetakentotestingtheoriesaboutthedistributionofplantsinHawaiiBdiscussingdifferenttheoriesaboutthetransportofplantseedstoCdiscussingtheextenttowhichaircurrentsareresponsibleforthedispersalofplantseedstoDresolvingadisputeabouttheadaptabilityofplantseedstobirdEresolvingadisputeabouttheabilityofbirdstocarryplantseedslongTheauthormentionstheresultsofflotationexperimentsonplantseeds(lines7–8)mostprobablyinordertoAsupporttheclaimthatthedistributionofplantsinHawaiiistheresultofthelong-distancedispersalofseedsBlendcredibilitytothethesisthataircurrentsprovideamethodoftransportforplantseedstoCsuggestthatthelong-distancedispersalofseedsisaprocessthatrequireslongperiodsofDchallengetheclaimthatoceancurrentsareresponsibleforthetransportofplantseedstoErefutetheclaimthatHawaiianfloraevolvedindependentlyfromflorainotherpartsoftheReadingReadingComprehensionQuestions:Questions1and2arebasedonthefollowingreadingIenjoyedADreamofLight&Shadow:PortraitsofLatinAmericanWomenWritersforthesamereasonsthat,asachild,Iavidlyconsumedwomen’sbiographies:thefascinationwithhowthebiographicaldetailsofanotherfemale’slifearerepresentedandinterpreted.ADreamoffersarichread,variedinboththelivesandtextsofthewomenportrayed,and5sandstylesofthesixteenessayists.Yet,asanadult,Ihavecometodemandofanyreally“great”bookaself-consciousnessaboutthetenuousnatureofrepresentationsofreality,acriticalcontextualizationoffloriddetail,andaself-awarenessoftheroleofideologyinourlives.Inthesecriticalsenses,ADreamisinadequate.ForForthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoices yandselectallthatCTheauthorofthepassagesuggeststhatADreamfallsshortinwhichoftheCItseemstofocusonstylisticvarietyattheexpenseofaccuracyofItoffersawealthofdetailwithoutsufficientcriticalexaminationofthatWhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthesecondsentence(“ADream...essayists”)inthecontextofthepassageasawhole?ATogiveexamplesofhowADreampresentsfascinatingportraitsthatdisplayawarenessofthetenuousnatureofrepresentationsofrealityBToelaborateonhowADreamfulfillstheauthor’schildhoodcriteriaforapleasurableCTosuggestthattheauthorenjoyedADreamforreasonsmoresophisticatedthanthereasonssheenjoyedcertainbooksasachildDToillustratewaysinwhichtheauthorfindsADreamtobeinadequateincertaincriticalEToimplythatADreamistoovariedinfocustoprovideapropercontextualizationofthebiographicaldetailsitoffersDuringthedayinLakeConstance,thezooplanktonD.hyalinadepartsforthedepthswherefoodisscarceandthewatercold.D.galeataremainsnearthewarmsurfacewherefoodisabundant.EventhoughD.galeatagrowsandreproducesmuchfaster,itspopulationisoftenoutnumberedbyD.Hyalina.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldhelpresolvetheapparentparadoxpresentedAThenumberofspeciesofzooplanktonlivingatthebottomofthelakeistwicethatofspecieslivingatthesurface.BPredatorsofzooplankton,suchaswhitefishandperch,liveandfeednearthesurfaceofthelakeduringtheday.CInordertomakethemostofscarcefoodresources,D.hyalinamaturesmoreslowlythanD.DD.galeataclustersundervegetationduringthehottestpartofthedaytoavoidtheSun’sED.galeataproducestwiceasmanyoffspringperindividualinanygivenperiodoftimeasD.Questions4and5arebasedonthefollowingreadingTocqueville,apparently,waswrong.JacksonianAmericawasnotafluid,egalitariansocietywhereindividualwealthandpovertywereephemeralconditions.AtleastsoarguesE.PesseninhisiconoclasticstudyoftheveryrichintheUnitedStatesbetween1825and Pessendoespresentatyofexamples,togetherwithsomerefreshinglyinligiblestatistics,toestablishtheexistenceofaninordinaywealthyclass.Thoughactiveincommerceortheprofessions,mostofthewealthywerenotself-madebuthadinheritedfamilyfortunes.Innosensemercurial,thesegreatfortunessurvivedthefinancialpanicsthatdestroyedlesserones.Indeed,inseveralcitiesthewealthiestonepercentconstantlyincreaseditsshareuntilby1850it10ownedhalfofthecommunity’swealth.Althoughtheseobservationsaretrue,PessenoverestimatestheirimportancebyconcludingfromthemthattheundoubtedprogresstowardinequalityinthelateeighteenthcenturycontinuedintheJacksonianperiodandthattheUnitedStateswasaclass-ridden,plutocraticsocietyevenbeforeindustrialization.Accordingtothepassage,PessenindicatesthatallofthefollowingweretrueoftheverywealthyintheUnitedStatesbetween1825and1850EXCEPT:ATheyformedadistinctupperBManyofthemwereabletoincreasetheirCSomeofthemworkedasprofessionalsorinDMostofthemaccumulatedtheirownEManyofthemretainedtheirwealthinspiteoffinancialWhichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthor’smainAPessen’sstudyhasoverturnedthepreviouslyestablishedviewofthesocialandeconomicstructureofearly-nineteenth-centuryAmerica.BTocqueville’sysisoftheUnitedStatesintheJacksonianeraremainsthedefinitiveaccountofthisperiod.CPessen’sstudyisvaluableprimarilybecauseitshowsthecontinuityofthesocialsystemintheUnitedStatesthroughoutthenineteenthcentury.DThesocialpatternsandpoliticalpoweroftheextremelywealthyintheUnitedStatesbetween1825and1850arewelled.EPessenchallengesaviewofthesocialandeconomicsystemsintheUnitedStatesfrom1825to1850,buthedrawsconclusionsthatareincorrect.Questions6to9arebasedonthefollowingreadingTheevolutionofinligenceamongearlylargemammalsofthegrasslandswasdueingreatmeasuretotheinteractionbetweentwoecologicallysynchronizedgroupsoftheseanimals,thehuntingcarnivoresandtheherbivoresthattheyhunted.Theinteractionresultingfromthedifferencesbetweenpredatorandpreyledtoageneral5improvementinbrainfunctions;however,certaincomponentsofinligencewereimprovedfarmorethanothers.Thekindofinligencefavoredbytheinterplayofincreasinglysmarterandincreasinglykeenerescapersisdefinedbyattention—thataspectofmindcarryingconsciousnessforwardfromonemomenttothenext.Itrangesfromapassive,free-floating10awarenesstoahighlyfocused,activefixation.Therangethroughthesestatesismediatedbythearousalsystem,anetworkoftractsconvergingfromsensorysystemstointegratingcentersinthebrainstem.Fromthemorerelaxedtothemorevigorouslevels,sensitivitytonoveltyisincreased.Theorganismismoreawake,morevigilant;thisincreasedvigilanceresultsintheapprehensionofevermoresubtlesignalsastheorganism esmoresensitivetoitssurroundings.The15processesofarousalandconcentrationgiveattentionitsdirection.Arousalisatfirstgeneral,withafloodingofimpulsesinthebrainstem;thengraduallytheactivationischanneled.Thusbeginsconcentration,theholdingofconsistentimages.Onemeaningofinligenceisthewayinwhichtheseimagesandotheralertlysearchedinformationareusedinthecontextofpreviousexperience.Consciousnesslinkspastattentiontothepresentandpermitstheintegrationofdetailswith20perceivedendsandTheelementsofinligenceandconsciousnesscometogethermarvelouslytoproducedifferentstylesinpredatorandprey.Herbivoresandcarnivoresdevelopdifferentkindsofattentionrelatedtoescaorchasing.Althoughinbothkindsofanimal,arousalstimulatestheproductionofadrenalineandnorepinephrinebytheadrenalglands,theeffectinherbivoresis25primarilyfear,whereasincarnivorestheeffectisprimarilyaggression.Forboth,arousalattunestheanimaltowhatisahead.Perhapsitdoesnotexperienceforethoughtasweknowit,buttheanimaldoesexperiencesomethinglikeit.Thepredatorissearchinglyaggressive,inner-directed,tunedbythenervoussystemandtheadrenalhormones,butawareinasenseclosertohumanconsciousnessthan,say,ahungrylizard’sinstinctivesnapatapassingbeetle.Usingpasteventsas30aframework,thelargemammalpredatorisworkingoutarelationshipbetweenmovementandfood,sensitivetopossibilitiesincoldtrailsanddistantsounds—andyesterday’sunforgottenlessons.Theherbivorepreyisofadifferentmind.Itsmoodofwarinessratherthansearchinganditsattitudeofgeneralexpectancyinsteadofanticipatingaresilk-thinveilsoftranquillityoveranexplosiveendocrinesystem.Theauthorreferstoahungrylizard(line29)primarilyinorderAdemonstratethesimilaritybetweenthehuntingmethodsofmammalsandthoseofBbroadentheapplicationoftheargumentbyincludinganinsectivoreasanCmakeadistinctionbetweenhigherandlowerlevelsofDprovideanadditionalillustrationofthecharacteristicofEofferanobjectiontosuggestionsthatallanimalslackItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinanimalslessin ligentthanthemammalsdiscussedinthepassageApastexperienceislesshelpfulinensuringBattentionismorehighlyCmuscularcoordinationislesshighlyDthereislessneedforcompetitionamongEenvironmentismoreimportantinestablishingtheproperratioofpreytoAccordingtothepassage,improvementinbrainfunctionamongearlylargemammalsresultedprimarilyfromwhichofthefollowing?AInterplayofpredatorandBPersistenceoffree-floatingawarenessinanimalsoftheCGradualdominanceofwarm-bloodedmammalsovercold-bloodedDInteractionofearlylargemammalswithless ligentEImprovementofthecapacityformemoryamongherbivoresandAccordingtothepassage,astheprocessofarousalinanorganismcontinues,allofthefollowingmayoccurEXCEPTAtheproductionofBtheproductionofCaheighteningofsensitivitytoDanincreaseinselectivitywithrespecttoEanexpansionoftherangeofstatesmediatedbythebrainReadingReadingComprehensionQuestions:ForeachofQuestions1to8,selectoneanswerchoiceunlessotherwiseIntheUnitedStatesbetween1850and1880,thenumberoffarmerscontinuedtoincrease,butataratelowerthanthatofthegeneralpopulation.WhichofthefollowingstatementsdirectlycontradictstheinformationpresentedAThenumberoffarmersinthegeneralpopulationincreasedslightlyinthe30yearsbetween1850and1880.BTherateofgrowthoftheUnitedStateslaborforceandtherateofgrowthofthegeneralpopulationrosesimultaneouslyinthe30yearsbetween1850and1880.CTheproportionoffarmersintheUnitedStateslaborforceremainedconstantinthe30yearsbetween1850and1880.DTheproportionoffarmersintheUnitedStateslaborforcedecreasedfrom64percentin1850to49percentin1880.ETheproportionoffarmersinthegeneralpopulationincreasedfrom68percentin1850to72percentin1880.Aten-yearcomparisonbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionintermsofcropyieldsperacrerevealedthatwhenonlyplantedacreageiscompared,Sovietyieldswereequalto68percentofUnitedStatesyields.Whentotalagriculturalacreage(plantedacreageplusfallowacreage)iscompared,however,Sovietyieldwas114percentofUnitedStatesyield.Fromtheinformationabove,whichofthefollowingcanbemostreliablyinferredaboutUnitedStatesandSovietagricultureduringtheten-yearperiod?AAhigherpercentageoftotalagriculturalacreagewasfallowintheUnitedStatesthanintheSovietUnion.BTheUnitedStateshadmorefallowacreagethanplantedCFewertotalacresofavailableagriculturallandwerefallowintheSovietUnionthanintheUnitedStates.DTheSovietUnionhadmoreplantedacreagethanfallowETheSovietUnionproducedagreatervolumeofcropsthantheUnitedStatesQuestions3and4arebasedonthefollowingreadingForhotdesertlocationswithaccesstoseawater,anewgreenhousedesigngeneratesfreshwaterandcoolair.Orientedtotheprevailingwind,thefrontwallofperforatedcardboard,moistenedandcooledbyatrickleofseawaterpumpedin,coolsandmoistenshotairblowingin.Thiscool,humidifiedairacceleratesplantgrowth;littlewaterevaporatesfromleaves.Thoughgreenhouses5normallycapturetheheatofsunlight,adouble-layeredroof,theinnerlayercoatedtoreflectinfraredlightoutward,allowsvisiblesunlightinbuttrapssolarheatbetweenthetwolayers.Thisheatedair,drawndownfromtheroof,thenmixeswiththegreenhouseairasitreachesasecondsea-water-moistenedcardboardwallatthebackofthegreenhouse.Theretheairabsorbsmoremoisture,whichthencondensesonametalwallcooledbyseawater,andthusdistilledwaterforirrigatingtheplantscollects.Forthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparayandselectallthatAItcanbeinferredthattheprocessdescribedinthepassagemakesuseofwhichoftheAThetendencyofhotairtoThedirectionalmovementofThetemperaturedifferentialbetweentheseaandtheForthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparayandselectallthatCItcanbeinferredthatthegreenhouseroofisdesignedtoallowforwhichofCTheentryofsunlightintothegreenhousetomaketheplantsThemixtureofheatedairwithgreenhouseairtoenhancethecollectionofQuestions5to8arebasedonthefollowingreadingManycriticsofEmilyBront?’snovelWutheringHeightsseeitssecondpartasacounterpointthatcommentson,ifitdoesnotreverse,thefirstpart,wherearomanticreadingreceivesmoreconfirmation.Seeingthetwopartsasawholeisencouragedbythenovel’ssophisticatedstructure,revealedinitscomplexuseofnarratorsandtimeshifts.GrantedthatthepresenceoftheseelementsneednotargueforanauthorialawarenessofnovelisticconstructioncomparabletothatofHenryJames,theirpresencedoesencourageattemptstounifythenovel’sheterogeneousparts.However,anyinterpretationthatseekstounifyallofthenovel’sdiverseelementsisboundtobesomewhatunconvincing.Thisisnotbecausesuchaninterpretationnecessarilystiffensintoathesis(althoughrigidityinanyinterpretationofthisorofanynovelisalwaysadanger),butbecauseWutheringHeightshasrecalcitrantelementsofundeniablepowerthat,ultimay,resistinclusioninpassinginterpretation.Inthisrespect,WutheringHeightssharesafeatureofAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisatruestatementaboutthefirstandsecondpartsofWutheringHeights?AThesecondparthasreceivedmoreattentionfromBThesecondparthaslittlerelationtothefirstCThesecondpartannulstheforceofthefirstDThesecondpartprovideslesssubstantiationforaromanticEThesecondpartisbetterbecauseitismoreWhichofthefollowinginferencesaboutHenryJames’sawarenessofnovelisticconstructionisbestsupportedbythepassage?AJames,morethananyothernovelist,wasawareofthedifficultiesofnovelisticBJameswasveryawareofthedetailsofnovelisticCJames’sawarenessofnovelisticconstructionderivedfromhisreadingofDJames’sawarenessofnovelisticconstructionhasledmostcommentatorstoseeunityinhisindividualnovels.EJames’sawarenessofnovelisticconstructionprecludedhimfromviolatingtheunityofhisTheauthorofthepassagewouldbemostlikelytoagreethataninterpretationofanovelAnottrytouniteheterogeneouselementsintheBnotbeinflexibleinitstreatmentoftheelementsintheCnotarguethatthecomplexuseofnarratorsoroftimeshiftsindicatesasophisticatedDconcentrateonthoserecalcitrantelementsofthenovelthatareoutsidethenovel’smainEprimarilyconsiderthoseelementsofnovelisticconstructionofwhichtheauthorofthenovelwasawareForForthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoices yandselectallthatCTheauthorofthepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutCHamlethasusuallyattractedcriticalinterpretationsthattendtostiffenintoHamlethaselementsthatarenotamenableto passingcriticalHamletislessopento passingcriticalinterpretationthanisWutheringAuthentic PracticeTestForForeachofQuestions1to4,selectoneanswerchoiceunlessotherwiseQuestions1to3arebasedonthefollowingreadingWhetherthelanguagesoftheancientAmericanpeopleswereusedforexpressinguniversalconceptscanbeclearlyansweredinthecaseofNahuatl.likeGreekandGerman,isalanguagethatallowstheformationofextensivecompounds.Bythecombinationofradicalsorsemanticelements,singlecompoundwordscanexpress5conceptualrelations,oftenof Thetlamatinime(thosewhoknow)wereabletousethisrichstockof termstoexpressthenuancesoftheirthought.Theyalsoavailedthemselvesofotherformsofexpressionwithmetaphoricalmeaning,someprobablyoriginal,somederivedfromTolteccoinages.Oftheseforms,themostcharacteristicinNahuatlisthejuxtapositionoftwowordsthat,becausetheyare10synonyms,associatedterms,orevencontraries,complementeachothertoevokeonesingleidea.Usedmetaphorically,thejuxtaposedtermsconnotespecificoressentialtraitsofthebeingtheyreferto,introducingamodeofpoetryasanalmosthabitualformofexpression.Forthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparayandselectallthatWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageregardingpresent-dayresearchrelatingtoNahuatl?ASomerecordorevidenceofthethoughtofthetlamatinimeisBForatleastsomeNahuatlexpressions,researchersareabletotracetheirderivationfromanotherancientAmericanlanguage.CResearchersbelievethatinNahuatl, universalconceptsarealwaysexpressedSelectthesentenceinthepassageinwhichtheauthorintroducesaspecificNahuatlmodeofexpressionthatisnotidentifiedasbeingsharedwithcertainEuropeanlanguages.Inthecontextinwhichitappears,“coinages”(line8)mostnearlyABCDEQuestion4isbasedonthefollowingreadingAtacertainperiodinEarth’shistory,itsatmospherecontainedalmostnooxygen,althoughplantswereproducingvasttiesofoxygen.Asawayofreconcilingthesetwofacts,scientistshavehypothesizedthatnearlyalloftheoxygenbeingproducedwastakenupbyirononEarth’ssurface.Clearly,however,thisexplanationisinadequate.NewstudiesshowthattheamountofirononEarth’ssurfacewasnotsufficienttoabsorbanywherenearasmuchoxygenaswasbeingproduced.Therefore,somethinginadditiontotheirononEarth’ssurfacemusthaveabsorbedmuchoftheoxygenproducedbyplantlife.Intheargumentgiven,thetwoportionsinboldfaceplaywhichofthefollowingAThefirstisaclaimmadebytheargumentinsupportofacertainposition;thesecondisthatBThefirstisajudgmentmadebytheargumentaboutacertainexplanation;thesecondisthatCThefirstexpressestheargument’sdismissalofanobjectiontothepositionitseekstoestablish;thesecondisthatposition.DThefirstsumsuptheargument’spositionwithregardtoacertainhypothesis;thesecondprovidesgroundsforthatposition.EThefirstisaconcessionbytheargumentthatitsinitialformulationofthepositionitseekstoestablishrequiresmodification;thesecondpresentsthatpositioninamodifiedform.ForForeachofQuestions9to13,selectoneanswerchoiceunlessotherwiseQuestions9to12arebasedonthefollowingreadingAnimalsignals,suchasthecomplexsongsofbirds,tendtobecostly.Abird,bysinging,mayforfeittimethatcouldotherwisebespentonotherimportantbehaviorssuchasforagingorresting.Singingmayalsoadvertiseanindividual’slocationtorivalsorpredatorsandimpairtheabilitytodetecttheirapproach.Althoughthesetypesofcostmaybeimportant,discussionsofthecostof5singinghavegenerallyfocusedonenergycos