地質(zhì)工程專業(yè)常用英文詞匯

闡述expound(explain),state引入introduceinto相應(yīng)的corresponding概念conception概論overview概率probability概念化conceptualize宏觀的macroscopic補充complement規(guī)劃plan證明demonstrate,certify,attest證實confirmation補償compensate,makeup,imburse算法algorithm判別式discriminant有限兀方法finiteelementmethod(FEM)樣本單元法sampleelementmethod(SEM)赤平投影法stereographicprojectionmethod(SPM)赤平投影stereographicprojection干擾位移法interferencedisplacementmethod(IDM)干擾能量法interferenceenergymethod(IEM)條分法methodofslices極限平衡法limitequilibriummethod界面兀法boundaryelementmethod模擬simulate計算程序computerprogram數(shù)值分析numericalanalysis計算工作量calculationload解的唯一性uniquenessofsolution多層結(jié)構(gòu)模型laminatedmodel非線性nonlinear橫觀各向同性lateralisotropy各向同性isotropy各向異性anisotropy非均質(zhì)性heterogeneity邊界條件boundarycondition本構(gòu)方程constitutiveequation初始條件initialcondition初始狀態(tài)restcondition巖土工程geotechnicalengineering,土木工程civil闡述expound(explain),state引入introduceinto相應(yīng)的corresponding概念conception概論overview概率probability概念化conceptualize宏觀的macroscopic補充complement規(guī)劃plan證明demonstrate,certify,attest證實confirmation補償compensate,makeup,imburse算法algorithm判別式discriminant有限兀方法finiteelementmethod(FEM)樣本單元法sampleelementmethod(SEM)赤平投影法stereographicprojectionmethod(SPM)赤平投影stereographicprojection干擾位移法interferencedisplacementmethod(IDM)干擾能量法interferenceenergymethod(IEM)條分法methodofslices極限平衡法limitequilibriummethod界面兀法boundaryelementmethod模擬simulate計算程序computerprogram數(shù)值分析numericalanalysis計算工作量calculationload解的唯一性uniquenessofsolution多層結(jié)構(gòu)模型laminatedmodel非線性nonlinear橫觀各向同性lateralisotropy各向同性isotropy各向異性anisotropy非均質(zhì)性heterogeneity邊界條件boundarycondition本構(gòu)方程constitutiveequation初始條件initialcondition初始狀態(tài)restcondition巖土工程geotechnicalengineering,土木工程civilengineering基礎(chǔ)工程foundationengineering最不利滑面themostdangerousslipsurface交替alternate控制論cybernetics大量現(xiàn)場調(diào)查massfieldsurveys組合式combinedtype相互作用interaction穩(wěn)定性評價stabilityevaluation均質(zhì)性homogeneity介質(zhì)medium層layer,stratum組構(gòu)fabric1地形地貌geographicandgeomorphic工程地質(zhì)條件engineeringgeologicalconditions地形地貌條件geographicandgeomorphicconditions地形landform地貌geomorphology,relief微地貌microrelief地貌單元landformunit,geomorphicunit坡度grade地形圖reliefmap河谷rivervalley河道河床沖溝河漫灘階地沖積平原三角洲古河道沖積扇洪積扇坡積裙分水嶺盆地巖溶地貌溶洞落水洞土洞2地層巖性地層巖性巖體I-JUM石層I-JUM石層母巖相變硬質(zhì)巖軟質(zhì)巖硬質(zhì)的軟質(zhì)的巖組覆蓋層交錯層理層面片理層理板理〔葉理〕波痕泥痕雨痕造巖礦物粘土礦物高嶺土蒙脫石石母母石石石石組質(zhì)質(zhì)巖

利母云云英石RR石閃解造構(gòu)構(gòu)物晶晶狀成

伊云白黑石長正斜輝角方構(gòu)結(jié)組礦結(jié)非產(chǎn)火igneous巖漿巖magmaticrock粗粒coarsegrain火山巖〔熔巖〕lava中粒medium-grained火山volcano沉積物sediment(deposit)侵入巖intrusive(invade)rock漂右、頑右boulder噴出巖effusiverock卵石cobble深成巖plutonicrock礫石gravel淺成巖pypabysalrock砂sand酸性巖acidrock粉土silt中性巖inter-mediaterock粘土clay基性巖basicrock粘粒claygrain超基性巖ultrabasicrock砂質(zhì)粘土sandyclayrockbase(batholith)粘質(zhì)砂土clayeysand巖脈〔墻〕dike壤土、亞粘土loam巖株rockstock砂壤土、亞砂土輕亞粘土sandyloam巖流rockflow浮土、表土regolith(topsoil)石Jutrocklaccolith(laccolite)黃土loess巖盆rocklopolith紅土laterite巖墻rockdike泥灰peat巖床rocksill軟泥ooze巖脈veindyke淤泥mire,oozedmud,sludge,warpclay花崗巖granite沖積物〔層〕alluvion斑巖porphyry沖積的alluvial玲巖porphyrite洪積物〔層〕proluvium,diluvium,diluvion流紋巖rhyolite洪積的diluvial正長巖syenite坡積物〔層〕deluvium粗面巖trachyte殘積物〔層〕eluvium閃長巖diorite殘積的eluvial安山巖andesite風(fēng)積物〔層〕eoliandeposits輝長巖gabbro湖積物〔層〕lakedeposits玄政石basalt海積物〔層〕marinedeposits細晶巖aplite冰川沉積物〔層〕glacier(drift)deposits偉晶巖pegmatite崩積物〔層〕colluvialdeposits,colluvium煌斑巖lamprophyre殘積粘土residualclay輝綠巖diabase變質(zhì)巖metamorphicrock橄欖巖dunite板巖slate黑曜巖obsidian千枚巖phyllite浮巖火山角礫巖pumicevulcanicbreccia片巖片麻巖schistgneiss火山集塊巖volcanicagglomerate右英巖quartzite凝灰?guī)rtuff大理巖marble沉積巖sedimentaryrock糜棱巖mylonite碎屑巖clasticrock混合巖migmatite粘士巖粉砂質(zhì)粘上心化學(xué)巖clayrocksiltyclaystonechemicalrock碎裂巖3地質(zhì)構(gòu)造cataclasite生物巖biolith地質(zhì)構(gòu)造geologicstructure礫巖conglomerate結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造structuraltexture角礫巖breccia大地構(gòu)造geotectonic砂巖sandstone構(gòu)造運動tectogenesis右英砂巖quartzsandstone造山運動orogeny粉砂巖siltstone升降運動verticalmovement鈣質(zhì)粉砂巖calcareoussiltstone水平運動horizontalmovement泥巖mudstone完整性perfection(integrity)頁巖shale起伏度waviness鹽巖saline尺寸效應(yīng)sizeeffect右灰?guī)r白云巖limestonedolomite圍壓效應(yīng)產(chǎn)狀要素confiningpressureeffectelementsofattitude泥灰?guī)rmarl產(chǎn)狀attitude,orientation泥鈣巖argillo-calcareous走向strike泥砂巖argillo-arenaceous傾向dip砂質(zhì)arenaceous傾角dipangle,angleofdip泥質(zhì)argillaceous褶皺fold硅質(zhì)的siliceous褶曲fold有機質(zhì)organicmatter單斜monocline向斜syncline破碎crumble背斜anticline共軸節(jié)理conjugatedjoint穹隆dome散狀loose擠壓squeeze透鏡狀的lens-shapeda.上盤uppersection巖右碎片crag下盤bottomwall,footwall,lowerwall巖屑cuttings,debris斷距separation薄膜membrane,film相交intersect層理stratification斷層fault高角度highdipangle正斷層normalfault緩傾角lowdipangle逆斷層reversedfault反傾anti-dip平移斷層parallelfault互層interbedv.層理bedding,stratificationInterbeddingn.微層理lightstratification起伏的unplanar地塹graben波狀起伏的undulate,undulating地壘horst,faultridge粒徑particlesize斷層泥gouge,pug,selvage,faultgouge構(gòu)造層tectonosphere擦痕stria,striation擠壓compression斷裂fracture均一的homogeneous破碎帶fracturezone剪切錯動面shearfaulted,beddingzone節(jié)理joint切割dissection節(jié)理組jointset切割的dissected裂隙fissure,crack致密close,compact微裂隙finefissure,microscopicfissure構(gòu)造巖tectonite劈理cleavage糜棱巖mylonite原生裂隙originaljoint斷層角礫巖faultbreccia次生裂隙epigeneticjoint方解石脈calcitevein張裂隙tensionjoint碎塊巖clasticrock男裂隙shearjoint角礫breccia卸荷裂隙reliefcrack巖粉rockpowder裂隙率fractureporosity巖屑debris,debry結(jié)構(gòu)類型structuralpattern固結(jié)consolidation巖體結(jié)構(gòu)rockmassstructure定向排列orientedspread巖塊blockmass構(gòu)造應(yīng)力tectonicstress結(jié)構(gòu)體structuralelement殘余應(yīng)力residualstress塊度blockness結(jié)構(gòu)面structuralplane4水文地質(zhì)條件hydrogeologicalconditions軟弱結(jié)構(gòu)面weakplane水文循環(huán)hydrologiccycle臨空面freeface大氣圈atmosphere碎裂結(jié)構(gòu)cataclastictexture水圈hydrosphere板狀結(jié)構(gòu)platystructure巖右圈geosphere薄板狀lamellose地表徑流surfacerunoff塊狀的lumpy,massive地下徑流subsurfacerunoff層狀的laminated流域valley,drainagebasin巨厚層giantthick-laminated流域面積drainagearea,riverbasinarea薄層狀的finelylaminated匯水面積catchmentarea軟弱夾層weakintercalatedlayer地下水groundwater,subsurfacewater夾層interbedding,地表水surfacewaterintercalatedbed,interlayer,intermediatelayer大氣水a(chǎn)tmosphericwater夾泥層clayeyintercalation氣態(tài)水a(chǎn)queous(vapour)water夾泥inter-clay液態(tài)水liquidwater連通性connectivity固態(tài)水solidwater切層insequent上層滯水perchedwater影響帶affectingzone潛水phreaticwater完整性integrityn.承壓水confinedwaterIntegratev.&a.吸著水hygroscopic(adsorptive)waterdegreeofintegrality介質(zhì)medium破碎crumble空隙void膠結(jié)cement孔隙水壓力porewaterpressure泥化argillization滲透壓力osmoticpressure,seepageforce尖滅taper-out揚壓力upliftpressure錯動diastrophism靜水壓力hydrostaticpressure錯動層面faultedbeddingplane外靜水壓力externalhydrostaticpressure斷續(xù)的intermittent動水壓力hydrodynamicpressure滲透力seepagepressure安全系數(shù)factorofsafety外水壓力externalwaterpressure埋深embedmentdepth內(nèi)水壓力internalwaterpressure試件coupons水力聯(lián)系hydraulicinterrelation撓度deflection水力折減系數(shù)hydraulicreductioncoefficient里氏震級Richterscale水頭損失waterheadloss設(shè)計烈度designintensity滲透途徑filtrationpath,seepagepath基本烈度basicintensity滲透系數(shù)penetrationcoefficient場地烈度siteintensity潛水位watertablelevel地震烈度seismicintensity,intensityscale水位waterlevel,stagelevel卓越周期predominantperiod水頭waterhead持力層sustainedyield含水層aquifer超載surcharge弱含水層〔弱透水層〕aquitard圍巖壓力surroundingrockstress滯水層aquiclude附加壓力superimposedstress透水層permeablelayer,perviouslayer應(yīng)力松弛stressrelaxation不透水層〔隔水層〕aquifuge,imperviouslayer,應(yīng)力路逕stresspathimpermeablelayer,aquiclude卸荷unload潛水含水層phreaticaquifer滲透率specificpermeability承壓含水層confinedaquifer,artesianaquifer飽和度degreeofsaturation承壓面bearingsurface含水量moisturecontent潛水面phreaticsurface,watertable平均粒徑meandiameter浸潤線phreaticcurve顆粒grain,granule,particle不透水邊界imperviousboundary顆粒級配distributionofgrain-size,地下分水嶺groundwaterridgegraincomposition,sizedistribution粘滯性viscosity級配graduation,富水性abundancegrain-sizedistribution,gradation,grading透水性〔滲透性〕permeability粒度coarsenessgrainsize,granularity,lump淋濾〔溶濾作用〕lixiviation,leaching不均勻系數(shù)coefficientofnon-uniformity,反濾層invertedgravelfiltervariationcoefficient,variationfactor水銹incrustation顆粒分級gradation,sizegrading滲滴seep孔隙水porewater飽和saturation,saturated孔隙比voidratio(ration)潛水位變化帶zoneofvariablephreaticlevel空隙率airvoids氣象因素meteorologicalfactor孔隙率porosity飽水帶zoneofsaturation裂隙率crackity包氣帶aerationzone,zoneofaeration溶隙率karstity包氣帶水a(chǎn)erationzonewater密度density上層滯水perchedwater重度unitweight,bulkweight孔隙水porewater浮重度buoyantunitweight裂隙水fissurewater折減系數(shù)reductionfactor巖溶水karsticwater壓力消散dissipationofpressure結(jié)合水boundwater,combinedwater抗力系數(shù)coefficientofresistance吸著水hydroscopicwater軟化系數(shù)softeningcoefficient薄膜水pellicularwater含水量watercontent毛細水capillarywater稠度consistency重力水gravitationalwater塑限plasticlimit凝結(jié)水condensationwater液限liquidlimit地下水埋藏條件conditionofgroundwateroccurrence塑性指數(shù)plasticityindex地卜水埋藏深度depthofgroundwateroccurrence液性指數(shù)liquidityindex壓水試驗packerpermeabilitytest流變rheological抽水試驗pumpingtest蠕變creep塑性plastic5物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)脆性brittleness(fragility)物理力學(xué)physicalmechanicsn.粘性sticknessPhysico-mechanicala.剛性rigidity屈服準(zhǔn)則yieldcriteria彈性的elastic米賽斯屈服準(zhǔn)則VonMisesyieldcriteria粘彈性viso-elasticity朗肯土壓力理論Ranking'searthpressuretheory彈塑性elasto-plasticity劍橋模型Cambridgemodel,Cam-model壓縮性compressibility鄧肯-張模型Duncan-changmodel均質(zhì)性homogeneity本構(gòu)方程constitutiveequation非均質(zhì)性nonhomogeneity(heterogeneity)局部剪切破壞localshearfailure各向同性isotropy整體剪切破壞generalshearfailure各向異性anisotropy巖體完整性指數(shù)intactnessindexofrockmass總應(yīng)力totalstress學(xué)習(xí)文檔僅供參考有效應(yīng)力effectivestress巖石抗力系數(shù)coefficientofrockresistance超孔隙水壓力excessporepressure容許承載力allowablebearingcapacity孔隙水壓力porewaterpressure臨塑壓力criticalpressure抗壓強度抗拉強度compressivestrengthtensilestrength接觸壓力contactpressure抗剪強度shearstrength6工程地質(zhì)問題不排水抗剪強度undrainedshearstrenght工程地質(zhì)問題engineeringgeologicalproblem峰值抗剪強度peaksharestrength定性評價qualitativeestimate長期抗剪強度long-termshearstrength定量評價quantitativeestimate殘余抗剪強度residualshearstrength極限平衡法limitequilibriummethod負摩擦力negativeskinfriction,dragdown不良地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象unfavorablegeologicalcondition摩擦角angleoffriction風(fēng)化weathering內(nèi)摩擦角angleofinternalfriction變形deformation外摩擦角angleofexternalfriction位移displacement內(nèi)聚力cohesion不均勻位移differentialmovement粘聚力cohesion相對位移relativedisplacement假凝聚力pseudo-cohesion沉陷settlement粘著力adhesion山崩avalanche,toppling摩爾圓Mohr'scircle崩塌toppling,topplingcollapse包絡(luò)線envelope滑坡、地滑creep,slide休止角angleofrepose,切層滑坡insequentlandslideangleoffriction(repose,rest),reposeangle深層滑坡deepslide峰值peak淺層滑坡shallowslide模量彈性模量modulusmodulusofelasticity,順層滑坡滑動面consequentlandslideYoung'smodulus,elasticmodulusslidingsurface,slidingplane,slipsurface壓縮模量modulusofcompressibility滑動帶slidingzone變形模量modulusofdeformation滑床slidebed卸荷模量unloadingmodulus滑坡體slide(sliding)mass切線模量tangentmodulus古滑坡fossillandslide剪切模量shearmodulus推移式滑坡slumpingslide割線模量secantmodulus牽引式滑坡retrogressiveslide旁壓模量pressurmetermodulus管涌piping,internalerosion泊松比poisson'sration滲漏leakage固結(jié)consolidation流砂quicksand固結(jié)系數(shù)coefficientofconsolidation滲流seepage固結(jié)度超固結(jié)比degreeofconsolidationoverconsolidationration液化liquefaction應(yīng)變strain7工程勘察engineeringinvestigation壓縮比compressibilityratio工程地質(zhì)勘察engineeringgeologyinvestigation壓縮系數(shù)coefficientofcompressibility巖土工程勘察geotechnicalinvestigation壓縮指數(shù)compressionindex工程地質(zhì)條件engineeringgeologicalcondition初始曲線virgincurve工程地質(zhì)評價engineeringgeologicalevaluation正常固結(jié)土normallyconsolidatedsoil勘測survey欠固結(jié)土超固結(jié)土under-consolidatedsoilover-consolidatedsoil巖芯米取率巖芯獲得率corerecovery,coreextraction被動土壓力passiveearthpressureRQD〔巖石質(zhì)重指標(biāo)〕rockqualitydesignation主動土壓力activeearthpressure程序〔步驟〕procedure靜止土壓力earthpressureatrest勘察階段investigationalstage覆蓋壓力overburdenpressure選點踏勘reconnaissance初始應(yīng)力initialstress初步設(shè)計primarydesign地應(yīng)力場ground(geostatic)stressfield初步規(guī)劃preliminaryscheme有效應(yīng)力effectivestress初步勘探preliminaryprospecting動應(yīng)力dynamicstress初步踏勘groundreconnaissance動荷載dynamicload可行性研究階段feasibilitystage偏心荷載eccentricloads初步設(shè)計階段preliminarystage循環(huán)祠載inclinedloads施工階段constructionsage地應(yīng)力groundstress,geostaticstress踏勘reconnaissance,inspection初始應(yīng)力initialstress地質(zhì)測繪geologicalsurvey應(yīng)力場stressfield工程地質(zhì)測繪engineeringgeologicalmapping縱波longitudinalwave鉆探boreholeoperation,boring液化勢liquefactionpotential物探geophysicalexploration液化指數(shù)liquefactionindex洞探exploratoryadits交角angular學(xué)習(xí)文檔釬探僅供參考rodsounding坑探exploringmining套管casing槽探trenching土一PR率石心官corebarrel天然建材調(diào)查沖洗掖flushfluidnaturalmaterialssurveying(examination)正循環(huán)沖洗directcirculation巖土工程勘祭報告geotechnicalinvestigationreport反循環(huán)沖洗reversecirculation鑒定identification,appraisal泥漿mud,slurry鑒定書expertisereport泥皮mudcake鑒定人identifier,surveyor護壁dado校核verification止水seal,waterseal總監(jiān)chiefinspector掃孔cleaningbottomofhole比例proportion鉆進drilling地形圖geographicmap平石同adit地貌圖geomorphologicalmap豎井shaft地質(zhì)圖geologicalmap鉆探drillingboring工程地質(zhì)圖engineeringgeologicalmap實測地質(zhì)剖面圖8工程地質(zhì)試驗field-acquiredgeologicalprofile(section)擊實試驗compactiontest構(gòu)造地質(zhì)圖geologicalstructuremap壓縮試驗compressiontest第四紀(jì)地質(zhì)圖quarternarygeologicalmap固結(jié)試驗consolidationtest地質(zhì)詳圖detailmapofgeology單軸試驗uniaxialcompressiontest地質(zhì)柱狀圖geologiccolumnarsection,geologiclog現(xiàn)場剪切試驗in-situsheartest鉆孔柱狀圖logsofborehole單男試驗simplesheartest縱剖血圖longitudinalsection直男試驗directsheartest橫剖血圖crosssection慢剪試驗slowtest展示圖revealdetailmap單男試驗simplesheartest節(jié)理玫瑰圖roseofjoints快男試驗quicktestbedrockcontour三軸剪切試驗triaxialsheartest層底等局線contourofstratumbottom三軸壓縮試驗triaxialcompressiontest巖層界線strataboundary動三軸試驗dynamictriaxialtest巖面局程elevationofbedrocksurface不固結(jié)不排水剪試驗坐標(biāo)coordinateunconsolidatedundrainedtest(quicktest)分層bedseparation固結(jié)不排水剪試驗地質(zhì)點geologicalobservationpointconsolidatedundrainedtest(consolidatedquicktest)勘探點exploratorypoint(spot)固結(jié)排水試驗consolidateddrainedtest(slowtest)勘探線exploratoryline原位測試in-situtest勘探孔explorationhole現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測on-site(in-site)monitoring平洞adit現(xiàn)場檢測on-site(in-site)inspection豎井riser,shaft,verticalshaft觀測孔observationborehole探槽exploratorytrench靜力觸探試驗conepenetrationtest,探井exploratorypitstaticpenetrationtest,staticconetest鉆孔borehole,drillhole標(biāo)貫試驗standardpenetrationtest機鉆孔ordinarydrillhole十字板剪切試驗vanesheartest,vanetest套鉆孔sleevedrillhole檢層法up-holemethod,boreholemethod管鉆孔pipedrillhole旁壓試驗pressuremetertest石心core動力觸探試驗巖芯鉆探coredrillingdynamicpenetrationtest,dynamicsounding回轉(zhuǎn)鉆探〔進〕rotarydrilling點荷載試驗pointloadtest沖擊鉆探churndrilling,percussiondrilling巖石試驗rocktest鋼砂鉆探shotdrilling應(yīng)力解除法stressreliefmethod鐵砂鉆進ironshotdrilling應(yīng)力恢復(fù)法stressrecoverymethod跟管鉆進follow-downdrilling套孔法over-coringmethod振動鉆進vibro-boring,vibro-drilling泥漿鉆探mudflushdrilling9巖土體加固金剛石鉆進diamonddrilling掌子面breast,drivingface,單動式singleactingheadingface,tunnelface雙層doublelayer頂拱vault空氣鉆探airflushdrilling底拱invert鉆機drillingrig洞室開挖excavation鉆頭drillbit,drillingbit超挖overbreak螺旋鉆頭auger風(fēng)鉆pneumaticdrill勺鉆spoonbit開挖斷面excavatedsection沖擊鉆頭percussionbit,choppingbit塌落slump桶式鉆頭bucketauger細骨料混凝土concretemadewithfineaggregate鉆桿drillrod細骨料fineaggregate,fineadjustment學(xué)習(xí)文檔僅供參考料場stockground凍結(jié)法freezingmethod土料earthmaterial超載overbreak礦渣cinder,mineralwaterresidue,scoria,slag襯砌lining性能，function,performance,property,nature圍堰cofferdam凝結(jié)coagulate,congeal,congealment,coagulation堤dike合格qualified,ontest,uptostandard近壩岸坡abutments初凝initialset施工〔收縮〕縫constructionjoint初凝時間initialsettingtime心墻core終凝finalset截水墻cutoffwall配合比mixproportion防滲墻diaphragmwall塌落度slump排水井drainagewells水化熱heatofhydration,排水帛drainagecurtainhydrationheat,settingheat減壓井reliefwells水灰比water-cementratio反濾層filterzone粉煤灰flyash灌漿材料grout梅花狀quincuncialpattern水力劈裂hydraulicfracturing噴射shotcrete帷幔線curtainline澆注pouring上游圍堰upstreamcofferdam鋼筋網(wǎng)coiremesh混凝土防滲墻concretecutoffwall加固reinforce截流interimcompletion錨桿anchoredbar,rockbolt導(dǎo)水墻channeltrainingwall錨索anchoredcable正常溢洪道渠首工程servicespillwayheadwork錨緊端anchorstation消力塘linedplungepool錨樁anchoredpeg隔墻dividerwalls采石場rockquarry混凝土護坦concreteapron開挖excavation副廠房auxiliarypowerhouse清基cleanupfoundation閘門室gatechamber明挖open-cut中閘室midgatechamber爆破explosion開關(guān)站switchyard光面爆破smoothblasting電梯井elevatorshaft預(yù)裂法presplitting尾水渠tailrace非常溢洪道emergencyspillway10水工概論壩址toeofdam11橋梁及基礎(chǔ)工程壩踵heel江陰大橋JiangyinBridge壩段monolith懸索橋suspensionbridge壩頂crest錨碇anchorage壩肩shoulders重力式故巖錨gravitysocketedanchorage左壩肩leftdamabutment北錨碇前〔后〕錨面副壩saddledamfront(back)surfaceofnorthernanchorage三壩址thethirddamsite塔墩tower標(biāo)局heightmark墩pier上游水位headwater散索鞍splaysaddle正常庫水位normalreservoirlevel貓道footbridge地下洞室undergroundopening(tunnel)主纜maincable壓力隧洞pressuretunnel索股cablestrand無壓隧洞gravitytunnel主鞍mainsaddle,towersaddle交通洞accesstunnel主跨mainspan灌漿洞groutingtunnel邊跨sidespan明流洞free-flowtunnel引橋approach孔板洞orificetunnel鋼箱梁steelboxmaingirder排砂洞sedimenttunnel埋深embedmentdepth尾水洞tailracetunnel北塔墩基礎(chǔ)northtowerbase排水洞drainagetunnel基礎(chǔ)foundation,footing導(dǎo)流洞diversiontunnel淺基礎(chǔ)shallowfoundation隧道tunnel深基礎(chǔ)deepfoundation圍巖surroundingrock,ambientrock聯(lián)合基礎(chǔ)combinedfooting圍巖應(yīng)力secondarystressstatic筏形基礎(chǔ)raft(mat)foundation應(yīng)力集中stressconcentrate鋼模steelform覆蓋層overburden樁pile冒頂cavein,rooffall基樁foundationpile底鼓bottomheave群樁pilegroups回彈rebound樁基礎(chǔ)pilefoundation巖爆rockburst樁承臺pilecap學(xué)習(xí)文檔僅供參考局樁承臺high-risepilecap12監(jiān)測儀器低樁承臺buriedpilecap觀測孔observationbore/hole摩擦樁frictionpile儀器觀測instrumentation端承樁endbearingpile讀數(shù)裝置readoutdevice嵌巖樁socketedpile傳感器transducer板樁sheetpile探頭probe旋噴樁jet-groutedpile壓力盒pressurecell灌注樁cast-in-placepile振弦式應(yīng)變計vibratingwirestraingauge沉管灌注樁drivencast-in-placepile伸長計、變位計extensionmeter支護樁soldierpiles,tangentpiles板式沉降儀foundationbase/pate剛性樁rigidpile測斜儀inclinometer柔性樁flexiblepile測壓計，滲壓計piezometer側(cè)向受荷樁laterallyloadedpile垂線plumb軸向受荷樁axiallyloadedpile垂直度plumbness預(yù)制樁precastconcretepile振動打樁vibratorypiledriving13安全監(jiān)控振動鉆進vibratorydrilling可靠性檢查reliabilitychecking沉箱caisson監(jiān)控模型monitoringandpredictionmodel沉井〔沉箱〕(open)caisson監(jiān)測monitoring地下連續(xù)墻diaphragmwall,slurrywall資料datum,data支撐bracing可靠性reliability超載surcharge穩(wěn)定性stability接觸應(yīng)力contactpressure安全safety井點降水well-pointdewatering評估evaluation,appraise樁極限承載力ultimatebearingcapacityofpile評定assessment,assess,rate承載力bearingcapacity評價準(zhǔn)則criterion阻力resistance災(zāi)害hazard,calamity樁端阻力endresistance確定性方法論Deterministicmethodology外表摩擦力skinfriction應(yīng)急行動計劃EAP(emergencyactionplan)粘著系數(shù)adhesionfactor事故accident負摩擦力negativeskinfriction緊急狀態(tài)emergency安全系數(shù)factorofsafety緊急檢查emergencyinspection壓縮層compressedlayer災(zāi)情等級hazardclassification附加應(yīng)力additionalstress,superimposedstress災(zāi)害評價hazardevaluation持力層bearinglayer,sustaininglayer風(fēng)險評估riskassessment地基土foundationsoil,subsoil臨塑壓力criticalpressure靜力〔StaticAnalysis〕剪切破壞shearfailure動力〔DynamicAnalysis〕地基失效foundationfailure蠕變〔CreepMaterialModel〕沖剪破壞punchingfailure滲流〔Fluid-mechanicalInteraction〕漸進破壞progressivefailure熱力學(xué)〔ThermalOption〕容許荷載allowableloadheadwarderosion溯源侵蝕極限承載力ultimatebearingcapacityscouringofleveeorbank淘刷沉降settlementstronglyweatheredsiliceousrockmasswithquasi-lamellar沉降差differentialsettlementweaklyweatheredsiliceousrockmasswithquasi-lamellar尾部傾斜angulardistortionofcontinuallyaftershocksof7or8-degreeintensity傾斜tilting坑底隆起bottomheave靜止土壓力earthpressureatrest穩(wěn)定數(shù)stabilitynumberEvidently明顯的路堤embankmentCorrespondinglyadv,相應(yīng)地；相關(guān)地；相同地地基處理groundtreatmentsoilimprovementthehangingwalloftriggeringseismicfault墊層cushionoblique-beddingbankslope加固stabilization注漿injection灌漿guniting帷幕curtain擋土墻retainingwall錨固anchoring噴漿guniting錨桿earthanchor盲溝Frenchdrain振沖法vibrojet專業(yè)外語（為方便記憶，跟上面稍有重復(fù)）一.綜合類4.cvane4.cvanecohesivestrengthfromvanetest5.e0naturalvoidratio6.Ipplasticityindex7.K0coefficientof"arest"pressure,fortotalstressesando-28.K°，andcr2'domainforeffectivestresseso-19.K0nstateK0fornormallyconsolidated10.K0ucontinuousinstantaneousconditionK0coefficientunderrapidloading,simulatingloadingoranundrained11.K0dK0coefficientundercyclicloading(frequencylessthan1Hz),asa(cu/po)Nc,(cu/po)ocsubscriptsNCandOCdesignatednormallyconsolidatedandoverconsolidated,respectively..7.28.geotechnicalengineering巖土工程foundationengineering基礎(chǔ)工程soil,earth土soilmechanics土力學(xué)/cyclicloading周期荷載unloading卸載reloading再加載Jviscoelasticfound粘彈性地基、viscousdamping粘滯阻尼shearmodulus剪切模量soildynamics土學(xué)stresspath應(yīng)力路徑土的谷類residualsoil殘積土(groundwaterlevel地下水位groundwater地下水groundwatertable地下水位clayminerals粘土礦物secondaryminerals次生礦物landslides滑坡boreholecolumnarsection鉆孑L柱狀圖engineeringgeologicinvestigation工程地質(zhì)勘察boulder漂石cobble卵石gravel砂石gravellysand礫砂coarsesand粗砂mediumsand中砂finesand細砂siltysand粉土clayeysoil粘性土clay粘土siltyclay粉質(zhì)粘土silt粉土sandysilt砂質(zhì)粉土clayeysilt粘質(zhì)粉土saturatedsoil飽和土unsaturatedsoil非飽和土fill(soil)填土土的基禾物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)ccCompressionindexcuundrainedshearstrengthcu/p。ratioofundrainedstrengthcutoeffectiveoverburdenstresspopseudo-dynamictestforKocoefficientkh,kvpermeabilityinhorizontalandverticaldirections,respectivelyNblowcount,standardpenetrationtestOCRover-consolidationratiopcpreconsolidationpressure,fromoedemetertestpoeffectiveoverburdenpressurepsspecificconepenetrationresistance,fromstaticconetestquunconfinedcompressivestrengthU,Umdegreeofconsolidation,subscriptmdenotesmeanvalueofaspecimenu,ub,umporepressure,subscriptsbandmdenotebottomofspecimenandmeanvalue,respectivelywowlwpnaturalwatercontent,liquidandplasticlimits,respectivelyb1,b2principalstresses,o-1'andb2'denoteeffectiveprincipalstresses滲透性和滲流Darcy'slaw達西定律piping管涌flowingsoil流土sandboiling砂沸flownet流網(wǎng)seepage滲透〔流〕leakage滲流seepage(force)pressure滲透壓力permeability滲透性hydraulicgradient水力梯度coefficientofpermeability滲透系數(shù)地基應(yīng)力和變形softsoil軟土(negative)skinfrictionofdrivenpile打入樁〔負〕effectivestress有效應(yīng)力totalstress總應(yīng)力fieldvaneshearstrength十字板抗剪強度lowactivity低活性sensitivity靈敏度triaxialtest三軸試驗foundationdesign基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計recompaction再壓縮bearingcapacity承載力soilmass土體contactpressure接觸應(yīng)力concentratedload集中荷載asemi-infiniteelasticsolid半無限彈性體homogeneous均質(zhì)isotropic各向同性stripfooting條基squarespreadfooting方形獨立基礎(chǔ)underlyingsoil(stratum,strata)下臥層〔土〕deadload=sustainedload恒盤持續(xù)荷載liveload活載shortTermtransientload短期瞬時荷載long-termtransientload長期荷載reducedload折算荷載settlement沉降deformation變形casing套管dike=dyke堤〔防〕clayfraction粘粒粒組physicalproperties物理性質(zhì)subgrade路基well-gradedsoil級配良好土poorly-gradedsoil級配不良土sieve篩子Mohr-Coulombfailurecondition摩爾-庫侖破壞條件FEM=finiteelementmethod有限元法limitequilibriummethod極限平衡法porewaterpressure孑L隙水壓力preconsolidationpressure先期固結(jié)壓力modulusofcompressibility壓縮模量coefficentofcompressibility壓縮系數(shù)compressionindex壓縮指數(shù)swellingindex回彈指數(shù)geostaticstress自重應(yīng)力additionalstress附加應(yīng)力totalstress總應(yīng)力finalsettlement最終沉降slipline滑動線基坑開挖與降水excavation開挖〔挖方〕dewatering〔基坑〕降水failureoffoundation基坑失穩(wěn)bracingoffoundationpit基坑圍護bottomheave=basalheave〔基坑〕底隆起retainingwall擋土墻pore-pressuredistribution孑L壓分布dewateringmethod降低地下水位法wellpointsystem井點系統(tǒng)〔輕型〕deepwellpoint深井點vacuumwellpoint真空井點bracedcutsi撐圍護bracedexcavation支撐開挖bracedsheeting支撐擋板深基礎(chǔ)deepfoundationpilefoundation樁基礎(chǔ)cast-in-place灌注樁divingcastingcast-in-placepile沉管灌注樁,boredpile鉆孔樁]special-shapedcast-in-placepile機控異型灌注樁pilessetintorock嵌巖灌注樁rammedbulbpile夯擴樁belledpierfoundation鉆孔墩基礎(chǔ)[drilled-pierfoundation鉆孔擴底墩under-reamedboredpierprecastconcretepile預(yù)制混凝土樁steelpile鋼樁「steelpipepile鋼管樁?steelsheetpile車岡板樁prestressedconcretepile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土樁prestressedconcretepipepile預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土管樁caissonfoundation沉井〔箱〕diaphragmwall地下連續(xù)墻截水墻frictionpile摩擦樁end-bearingpile端承樁(pile)shaft樁身waveequationanalysis波動方程分析pilecaps承臺〔樁帽〕bearingcapacityofsinglepile單樁承載力lateralpileloadtest單樁康向載荷試驗ultimatelateralresistanceofsinglepile單樁橫向極限承載力staticloadtestofpile單樁豎向靜荷載試驗verticalallowableloadcapacity單樁豎向容許承載力lowpilecap低樁承臺high-risepilecap高樁承臺verticalultimateupliftresistanceofsinglepile單樁抗拔極限承載力silentpiling靜力壓樁upliftpile抗拔樁anti-slidepile抗滑樁pilegroups群樁efficiencyfactorofpilegroups群樁效率系數(shù)〔Y]〕efficiencyofpilegroups群樁效應(yīng)dynamicpiletesting訕基動測技術(shù)finalset最后貫入度dynamicloadtestofpile樁動荷載試驗pileintegritytest樁的完整性試驗pilehead=butt樁頭piletip=pilepoint=piletoe樁端〔頭〕pilespacing樁距pileplan樁位布置圖arrangementofpiles=pilelayout樁的布置groupaction群樁作用endbearing=tipresistance樁端阻skin(side)friction=shaftresistance樁側(cè)阻pilecushion樁墊piledriving(byvibration)打樁〔振動〕pilepullingtest拔樁試驗pileshoe樁靴pilenoise打樁噪音pilerig打樁機地基處理Cgroundtreatment]technicalcodeforgroundtreatmentofbuilding建筑地基處理技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)cushion墊層法preloading預(yù)壓法dynamiccompaction強夯法dynamiccompactionreplacement強夯置換法vibroflotationmethod振沖法sand-gravelpile砂石樁pile-stonecolumn砂石樁cement-flyash-gravelpile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石樁cementmixingmethod水泥土攪拌樁cementcolumn水泥樁limepile(limecolumn)石灰樁jetgrouting高壓噴射注漿法rammed-cement-soilpile夯實水泥土樁法lime-soilcompactionpile灰土擠密樁lime-soilcompactedcolumn灰土擠密樁limesoilpile灰土擠密樁chemicalstabilization化學(xué)加固法surfacecompaction表層壓實法surchargepreloading超載預(yù)壓法vacuumpreloading真空預(yù)壓法sandwick袋裝砂井geofabric,geotextile±工織物compositefoundation復(fù)合地基reinforcementmethod加筋法dewateringmethod降低地下水固結(jié)法freezingandheating冷熱處理法expansivegroundtreatment膨脹土地基處理groundtreatmentinmountainarea山區(qū)地基處理collapsibleloesstreatment濕陷性黃土地基處理artificialfoundation人工地基naturalfoundation天然地基pillow褥墊softclayground軟土地基sanddrain砂井rootpile樹根樁plasticdrain塑料排水帶stonecolumn碎石樁gravelpile碎石樁replacementratio〔復(fù)合地基〕置換率固結(jié)consolidationTerzzaghi'sconsolidationtheory^M結(jié)理論Barraon'sconsolidationtheory隆固結(jié)理論Biot'sconsolidationtheory奧固結(jié)理論overconsolidationration(OCR)超固結(jié)比overconsolidationsoil超固結(jié)土excessporewaterpressure超孑L壓力multi-dimensionalconsolidation多維固結(jié)one-dimensionalconsolidation一維固結(jié)primaryconsolidation主固結(jié)secondaryconsolidation次固結(jié)degreeofconsolidation固結(jié)度consolidationtest固結(jié)試驗consolidationcurve固結(jié)曲線timefactorTv時間因子coefficientofconsolidation固結(jié)系數(shù)preconsolidationpressure前期固結(jié)壓力principleofeffectivestress有效應(yīng)力原理consolidationunderK0conditionK0固結(jié)十.抗剪強度shearstrengthundrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪強度residualstrength殘余強度long-termstrength長期強度peakstrength峰值強度shearstrainrate剪切應(yīng)變強度dilatation剪脹effectivestressapproachofshearstrength剪脹抗剪強度有效應(yīng)力法totalstressapproachofshearstrength抗剪強度總應(yīng)力法Mohr-Coulombtheory莫爾—庫侖理論angleofinternalfriction內(nèi)摩擦角cohesion粘聚力failurecriterion破壞準(zhǔn)則vanestrength十字板抗剪強度unconfinedcompression無側(cè)限抗壓強度effectivestressfailureenvelop有效應(yīng)力破壞包線effectivestressstrengthparameterH.本構(gòu)模型constitutivemethodelasticmodel彈性模型nonlinearelasticmodel非線性彈性模型elastoplasticmodel彈塑性模型viscoelasticmodel粘彈性模型boundarysurfacemodel邊界面模型Duncan-Changmodel鄧肯一張模型rigidplasticmodel剛塑性模型capmodel蓋帽模型worksoftening加工軟化workhardening加工硬化Cambridgemodel劍橋模型idealelastoplasticmodel理想彈塑性模型Mohr-Coulombyieldcriterion莫爾—庫侖屈服準(zhǔn)則yieldsurface屈服面elastichalf-spacefoundationmodel彈性半空間地基模型elasticmodulus彈性模量Winklerfoundationmodel文克爾地基模型十二.地基承載力bearingcapacityoffoundationsoilpunchingshearfailure沖剪破壞generalshearfailure整體剪切破化localshearfailure局部剪切破壞stateoflimitequilibrium極限平衡狀態(tài)criticaledgepressure臨塑荷載stabilityoffoundationsoil地基穩(wěn)定性ultimatebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基極限承載力allowablebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基容許承載力十三.土壓力earthpressureactiveearthpressure主動土壓力passiveearthpressure被動土壓力e