【高考英語】2020-2022屆三年上海市浦東新區(qū)高三模擬試卷專項突破專題01完形填空（含解析）

【高考英語】2020-2022屆三年上海市浦東新區(qū)高三模擬試卷專項突破

專題01完形填空上海市浦東新區(qū)2022屆高三一模英語試卷SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Theword"adolescence**literallymeans"growingup”(fromtheLatinadolescere).,itdescribesadistinctstagebetweenchildhoodandadulthood,butinpracticeoftensimplydefinesthe"teenage"years.InmostWesternsocieties,theideaofadolescencewasnotuntilthe20thcentury;childhoodendedandadulthoodbeganatacertainage-typicallyat18.G.StanleyHall,apsychologistandeducator,inhis1904bookAdolescence,wasthefirsttoexplorethe43 .HallwasinfluencedbyDarwin'stheoryofevolution,perceivingthatallchildhoods,especiallywithregardtobehaviorandearlyphysicaldevelopment,reflectthecourseofchange,andthatweeachdevelopinaccordancewithour“ancestralrecord'1.OnekeyinfluenceonHallwasthe18th-centurynSturmandDrang”(StormandStress)movementofGermanwritersandmusicians,whichpromotedtotalfreedomofexpression.Halladolescenceas"SturmandDrang"；heconsidereditastageofemotionaldisturbanceandrebellion,withbehaviorrangingfromquietmoodinesstowild46 .Hestatedthatadolescents"areeagerforstrongfeelingsandnewsensations,whileroutineanddetailare47Awarenessofselfandtheenvironmentgreatlyincreases;everythingismore48felt,andsensationispursuedforitsownsake.ManyofHalFsfindingsare49inresearchtoday.Hallbelievedthatadolescentsarehighlyaffectedbydepressionanddescribeda"curveofdespondency(消沉)"thatstartsattheageof11, 50at15,thenfallssteadilyuntiltheageof23.Modemresearchacknowledgesasimilarpattern.ThecausesofdepressionthatHall51aresurprisinglyfamiliar:suspicionofbeingdislikedandhavingseeminglyinsuperablecharacterfaults,and"the52ofhopelesslove".Hebelievedtheself-consciousnessofadolescenceleadstocriticizingselfandothers.Thisviewmirrorslaterstudies,whicharguethatteenagers*advanced53skillsallowthemto”readbetweenthelines",whilealsointensifyingtheirsensitivitytosituations.EvenHall'sclaimthatcriminalactivityismorecommonintheteenageyears,reachingthetoparound18,still 54 .However,Hallwasnottotallynegativeaboutadolescence."Adolescenceisanew 55 JashewroteinYouth:ItsEducation,Regiment,andHygiene,Mfbrthehigherandmorecompletelyhumanqualitiesarehowbom.”41.A.IntheoryB.InessenceC.IncontrastD.Ingeneral42.A.exchangedB.recognizedC.imposedD.transformed43.A.differenceB.worldC.possibilityD.subject44.A.evolutionaryB.consequentialC.minimalD.structural45.A.employedB.interpretedC.treatedD.classified46.A.decision-makingB.problem-solvingC.risk-takingD.example-following47.A.inexhaustibleB.intolerableC.inadequateD.instinctive48.A.keenlyB.hesitantlyC.slightlyD.oddly49.A.publishedB.revisedC.summarizedD.echoed50.A.bouncesB.jumpsC.swingsD.peaks51.A.promotedB.eliminatedC.identifiedD.detennined52.A.lackB.fancyC.claimD.power53.A.reasoningB.copingC.socialD.verbal54.A.soundsone-sidedB.holdstrueC.remainsunknowns D.standsout55.A.trendB.outletC.birthD.model上海市浦東新區(qū)2021屆高三一模英語試卷RacialDiscriminationinScienceYoumightexpectthatscience,particularlyAmericanscience,wouldbecolour-blind.Oncesomeonefromthecountry'sethnicminoritieshasgotbenchceinalaboratory,hemightreasonably(41)tobetreatedonmerit(功績)andnothingelse.(42),astudyjustpublishedinSciencebyDonnaGintheroftheUniversityofKansassuggeststhatisnottrue.DrGinther,whowasworking(43)America'sNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH),foundthat(44)mattersalot.Moreover,itisnotjustaquestionofwhitesupremacy.AsianandHinicscientistsdojustaswellaswhiteones.Blackscientists,(45),dobadly.Onepossibleexplanationisthatreviewpanelsareinferringapplicants9ethnic(46)fromtheirnames,ortheinstitutionstheyattendedasstudents.Consciouslyornot,thereviewersmaythenbeawardinglessmerittothosefrompeoplewith“black?sounding“names,orwhowereeducatedatuniversitieswhosestudentsarcpredominantlyblack.Indeed,a(n)(47)biashasbeenfoundinthoserecruitingforjobsinthecommercialworld.Onewell-knownstudy,publishedin2003byresearchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandtheUniversityofChicago,foundthatfictitiousCVs(簡歷)withstereotypicallywhitenameselicited50%more(48)ofinterviewsthandidCVswithblacknames,evenwhentheapplicants,stated(49)wereidentical.Anotherpossibleexplanationissocial(50):Itisinthenatureofgroupsofexperts(whichispreciselywhatpeer-reviewpanelsare)toknowbotheachotherandeachother'smostpromisingacolytes.Applicantsoutsidethischarmedcirclemighthavelesschanceof(51)consideration.Ifthecharmedcircleitselfwereraciallyunrepresentative,those(52)fromthenetworkbecausetheirracialgroupwasundcr-rcpresentcdinthefirstplacewouldfindithardertobreakin.ThoughDrGinther'sresultsare(53),itistotheNIH'screditthatithaspublishedherfindings.Theagencyisalsostartingaprogrammeintendedtoalterthe(54)ofthereviewpanelstoseewhetherexcisingpotentialracialcuesfromapplicationschangesoutcomes.Other

agencies,andnotjustinAmerica,shouldpaystrictattentiontoallthis,andaskthemselvesifthey,too,are(55)peopleofparticularraces.Suchdiscriminationisnotonlydisgraceful,butalsoastupidwasteoftalent!41.A.expectB.cooperateC.decideD.challenge42.A.SimilarlyB.EvidentlyC.UnfortunatelyD.Undoubtedly43.A.infavourofB.onbehalfofC.inhonorofD.inthenameof44.A.healthB.nationalityC.genderD.race45.A.howeverB.otherwiseC.thereforeD.meanwhile46.A.divisionsB.customsC.originsD.designs47.A.unknownB.similarC.ObviousD.strong48.A.feedbackB.typesC.elementsD.offers49.A.qualificationsB.interviewsC.namesD.researches50.A.securityB.statusC.networkingD.order51.A.moralB.favourableC.casualD.minor52.A.excludedB.installedC.downloadedD.restored53.A.positiveB.conclusiveC.troublingD.encouraging54.A.positionB.subjectC.prospectD.composition55.A.remindingB.employingC.informingD.failing上海市浦東新區(qū)2020屆高三一模英語試卷Thenetworkedcomputerisanamazingdevice.Itisthefirstmediamachinethatservesasthemodeofproduction(youcanmakestuff),meansofdistribution(youcanuploadstufftothenetwork),siteof 41 (youcandownloadstuffandinteractwithit),andplaceofpraiseandcriticism(youcancommentonthestuffyouhavedownloadedoruploaded). 42 ,thecomputeristhe21stcentury'sculturemachine.Butfbrallthereasonsthereareto43 thecomputer,wemustalsoactwithcaution.Thisisbecausethenetworkedcomputerhasstartedasecretwarbetweendownloadinganduploading一betweenpassiveconsumptionandactive 44 —whoseoutcomewillshapeourcollectivefutureinwayswecanonlybegintoimagine.Allanimalsdownload,butonlyafewuploadanythingbesidesfacesandtheirownbodies.Humansare 45 intheircapacitytonotonlymaketoolsbutthenturnaroundandusethemtocreatesuperfluous(過剩的)materialgoods(paintings,sculptureandarchitecture)andsuperfluousexperiences(music,literature,religionandphilosophy). 46 ,itispreciselythesesuperfluousthingsthatdefinehumancultureandultimatelywhatitistobehuman.Downloadingandconsumingculturerequiresgreatskills,but 47 tomovebeyonddownloadingistoroboneselfofadefiningingredientofhumanity.Despitethepossibilitiesofournewculturemachines,mostpeoplearestill 48 downloadmode,broughtaboutbytelevisionwatching.Evenafterthe 49 ofwidespreadsocialmedia,apyramidofproductionremains,withasmallnumberofpeopleuploadingmaterial,aslightlylargergroupcommentingonormodifyingthatcontent,andahugepercentageremainingsatisfiedtojust 50 .Thenetworkedcomputeroffersthefirstchancein50yearsto 51 theflowcausedbyTVviewing,toencouragethoughtfuldownloadingand,evenmoreimportantly,meaningfuluploading.Thecomputerofferstheopportunitytobringaboutacomplete 52 fromthecultureoftelevisionandashiftfromaconsumptionmodeltoaproductionmodel.Thisisahistoricopportunity.Fiftyyearsoftelevisiondominancehasgivenbirthtoanunhealthyculture.The 53 isnowinourcollectivegrasp.Itinvolvescontrollingourintake,ordownloading,and 54 ourlevelsofactivity-uploading.Ofcoursepeoplewillstilldownload.Nobodyuploadsmorethanatinypercentageoftheculturetheyconsume.Butusingthenetworkedcomputerasadownload-onlydevice,orevenadownload-mainlydevice,isa 55 opportunitythathistoryaffordsus.Therefore,thegoalmustbetoestablishabalancebetweenconsumptionandproduction.41.A.celebration B.conversations C.receptionD.ceremonies

42.A.WithoutdoubtB.InreturnC.InparticularD.Bycontrast43.A.liberateB.celebrateC.concernD.reject44.A.requestB.supportC.defenseD.creation45.A.uniqueB.familiarC.efficientD.loyal46.A.InadditionB.InfactC.ForinstanceD.Bytheway47.A.strivingB.comparingC.failingD.attempting48.A.optimisticaboutB.unfamiliarwithC.stuckinD.ashamedof49.A.transformationB.emergenceC.encounterD.maintenance50.A.consumeB.neglectC.combineD.innovate51.A.enhanceB.quickenC.reverseD.extend52.A.outcomeB.exposureC.breakD.evolution53.A.puzzleB.cureC.regretD.favor54.A.analysingB.maintainingC.featuringD.increasing55.A.wastedB.treasuredC.multipliedD.revised答案：上海市浦東新區(qū)2022屆高三一模英語試卷41A42.B43.D44.A45.B46.C47.B48.A49.D50.D51.C52.B53.A54.B55.C【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是心理學(xué)家和教育家斯坦利?霍爾(G.StanleyHall)在1904年出版的《青春期》(Adolescence)一書中對“青春期”這一主題的探討。[41題詳解】考查固定短語詞義辨析。句意：理論上，它描述的是童年和成年之間的一個明顯階段，但實際上，它通常只是簡單地定義了“青少年”時期。A.Intheory理論上；B.Inessence本質(zhì)上；C.Incontrast比較起來；D.Ingeneral通常。由后文的“butinpractice”可知，此處是說“在理論上“，即Intheory,故選Ao[42題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在大多數(shù)西方社會，青春期的觀念直到20世紀(jì)才被承認(rèn)；童年結(jié)束，成年開始于某個年齡 通常是18歲。A.exchanged交換；B.recognized承認(rèn)；C.imposed實施；D.transformed轉(zhuǎn)換。由后文的"untilthe20thcentury"可知，青春期的觀念直到20世紀(jì)才被承認(rèn)，故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：心理學(xué)家和教育家斯坦利?霍爾(G.StanleyHall)在1904年出版的《青春期》(Adolescence)一書中首次探討了這一主題。A.difference不同之處；B.world世界；C.possibility可能性；D.subject主題。由前面的"inhis1904bookAdolescence”可知，霍爾在《青春期》中探討了青春期這個主題，故選D?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：霍爾受到達(dá)爾文進(jìn)化論的影響，他認(rèn)為所有的童年，尤其是行為和早期身體發(fā)育，都反映了進(jìn)化變化的過程，我們每個人都是按照我們的“祖先記錄”發(fā)展的。A.evolutionary進(jìn)化的；B.consequential隨之而來的；C.minimal最小的：D.structural結(jié)構(gòu)的。由上文的“influencedbyDarwin'stheoryofevolution"可知，霍爾受到達(dá)爾文進(jìn)化論的影響，認(rèn)為所有的童年都反映了進(jìn)化變化的過程，故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：霍爾將青春期解釋為“狂飆時期”。A. employed雇傭；B.interpreted解釋；C.treated對待：D.classified分類。由后面的"as"SturmandDrang""可知，霍爾將青春期解釋為“狂飆時期”，故選B?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他認(rèn)為這是一個情緒紊亂和叛逆的階段，行為從安靜的喜怒無常到瘋狂的冒險。A.decision-making決策；B.problem-solving解決問題：C.risk-taking冒險；D.example-following效仿。由前面的"SturmandDrang”可知，句子表示“這個階段的行為從安靜的喜怒無常到瘋狂的冒險”。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他說，青少年“渴望強(qiáng)烈的感覺和新的感覺，而常規(guī)和細(xì)節(jié)是無法忍受的"。A.inexhaustible無窮無盡的；B.intolerable無法忍受的；C.inadequate不夠的；D.instinctive本能的。由前面的"areeagerforstrongfeelingsandnewsensations"可知，句子表示“青少年”渴望強(qiáng)烈的感覺和新的感覺，而常規(guī)和細(xì)節(jié)是無法忍受的”"，故選B?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：一切事物的感覺都更為敏銳，人們追求的是感覺本身。A.keenly敏銳地：B.hesitantly猶豫地；C.slightly輕微地；D.oddly古怪地。由前面的"Awarenessofselfandtheenvironmentgreatlyincreases"可知，他們對自我和環(huán)境的意識提高，因此一切事物的感覺都更為敏銳，故選A。【49題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：霍爾的許多發(fā)現(xiàn)在今天的研究中得到了呼應(yīng)。A.published出版；B.revised修改；C.summarized總結(jié)：D.echoed附和。由后面的"Modemresearchacknowledgesasimilarpatternw可知，霍爾的許多發(fā)現(xiàn)在今天的研究中得到了呼應(yīng)，因此空格處是“附和”，故選D?！?0題詳解】考