初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全精華版

.初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全語(yǔ)法網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖一．名詞I.名詞的種類：專有名詞普通名詞國(guó)名地名人名，團(tuán)體可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞機(jī)構(gòu)名稱個(gè)體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞名詞的數(shù)：1.規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加 -s或-es。現(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下：規(guī)則一般情況在詞尾加-s以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es以-f或變-f和-fe為v再加-es3-fe結(jié)尾的詞加-s4以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加-es以元音字母加 y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ?名詞以y結(jié)尾的，加-s一般加-es以輔音字母加6-o結(jié)尾 不少外來(lái)詞加 -s的名詞兩者皆可以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-s以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-s

例詞map-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-daysclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishesleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halveschief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofsparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-citiestoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-HenrysNegro-Negroes,hero-heroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoespiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-soloszero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanosradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoostruth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：英語(yǔ)里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：精選范本.規(guī)則例詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep,deer,means,works,fish,yuan,jin,3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people,police5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）class,family,crowd,couple,group,government,也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員）population,team,public,partycustoms(海關(guān)),times(時(shí)代),spirits(情緒),6復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義drinks(飲料),sands(沙灘),papers(文件報(bào)紙),looks(外表),brains(頭腦智力),greens(青菜)加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans表示7“某國(guó)單復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese人”以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改Englishmen,Frenchwomen為-men,-womensons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)boyfriends合成名8 詞無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) womensingers,menservants名詞的所有格：名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語(yǔ)法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加’s構(gòu)成，二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無(wú)生命的東西?！痵所有格的構(gòu)成：?jiǎn)螖?shù)名詞在末尾加’stheboy’sfather,Jack’sbook,herson-in-law’sphoto,一般在末尾加’theteachers’room,thetwins’mother,復(fù)數(shù)名詞thechildren’stoys,women’srights,不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加’s以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加’s或者’Dickens’novels,Charles’sjob,theSmiths’house表示各自的所有關(guān)系時(shí),各名詞末尾均須加’sJapan’sandAmerica’lems,probJane’sandMary’sbikes表示共有的所有關(guān)系時(shí)在最后一詞末加’sJapanandAmerica’sproblems,JaneandMary’sfather表示＂某人家＂＂店鋪＂，所有格后名詞省略thedoctor’s,thebarber’s,thetailor’s,精選范本.myuncle ’s’s所有格的用法：１表示時(shí)間today’snewspaper,fiveweeks’holiday2表示自然現(xiàn)象theearth’satmosphere,thetree’sbranches3表示國(guó)家城市等地方的thecountry’splan,theworld’spopulation,China’sindustry名詞4表示工作群體theship’screw,majority’sview,theteam’svictory5表示度量衡及價(jià)值amile’sjourney,fivedollars’worthofapples6與人類活動(dòng)有特殊關(guān)系thelife’stime,theplay’splot的名詞7某些固定詞組abird’seyeview,astone’sthrow,atone’swit’send(不所措)of所有格的用法：用于無(wú)生命的東西： thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)時(shí)： theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents用于名詞化的詞： thestruggleoftheoppressed二．冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞（ a,an），定冠詞（the），和零冠詞。不定冠詞的用法：1指一類人或事，相當(dāng)于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.3表示“每一”相當(dāng)于every，oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4表示“相同”相當(dāng)于thesameWearenearlyofanage.5用于人名前，表示不認(rèn)識(shí)此人或與AMr.Smithcametovisityouwhenyouwereout某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事ThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.6用于固定詞組中Acoupleof,abit,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime7用于quite,rather,many,half,what,Thisroomisratherabigone.such之后用于so(as,too,how)+形容詞之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.II.定冠詞的用法：1表示某一類人或物Thehorseisausefulanimal.2用于世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞前theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean3表示說(shuō)話雙方都了解的或上文提到過(guò)Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?的人或事4用于樂(lè)器前面playtheviolin,playtheguitar精選范本.5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人thereach,theliving,thewounded6表示“一家人”或“夫婦”theGreens,theWangs7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.級(jí)前8用于國(guó)家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyof島的名詞前China,theFrench9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.10在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)inthe1990’s年代11用于表示單位的名詞前Ihiredthecarbythehour.12用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表示Hepattedmeontheshoulder.時(shí)間的詞組前零冠詞的用法：專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名1 BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air地名等名詞前名詞前有 this,my,whose,some,no,each,2every等限制

Iwantthisbook,notthatone./Whosepurseisthis?3季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring前4表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.5學(xué)科，語(yǔ)言，球類，棋類名詞前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前bytrain,byair,byland7以and連接的兩個(gè)相對(duì)的名詞并用時(shí)husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight8表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Horsesareusefulanimals.三．代詞：代詞可以分為以下七大類：1人稱主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they代詞賓格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them2物主形容詞性my,your,his,her,its,our,their代詞名詞性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs3反身代詞myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves4指示代詞this,that,these,those,such,some5疑問(wèn)代詞who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever6關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose,as精選范本.one/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/a7 不定代詞 little,other/another,all/both,neither/either不定代詞用法注意點(diǎn)：1.one,some與any:one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復(fù)數(shù)為ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句。Oneshouldlearntothinkofothers.Haveyouanybookmarks?No,Idon ’thaveanybookmarks.Ihavesomequestionstoask.some可用于疑問(wèn)句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)，或者表示建議，請(qǐng)求等。Wouldyoulikesomebananas?Couldyougivemesomemoney?3)some和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)， some表示某個(gè)，any表示任何一個(gè)。Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany.some和數(shù)詞連用表示“大約”，any可與比較級(jí)連用表示程度。Therearesome3,000studentsinthisschool.Doyoufeelanybettertoday?2.each和every:each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，而 every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上。Eachstudenthasapocketdictionary./Each(ofus)hasadictionary./Weeachhaveadictionary.Everystudenthasstrongandweakpoints./Everyoneofushasstrongandweakpoints.3.none和no：no等于notany，作定語(yǔ)。none作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?None.Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.4.other和another:1)other泛指“另外的，別的”常與其他詞連用，如：theotherday,everyotherweek,someotherreason,nootherway,theother特指兩者中的另外一個(gè)，復(fù)數(shù)為 theothers。如：Heheldabookinonehandandhisnotesintheother.Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheexam.2)another指“又一個(gè)，另一個(gè)”無(wú)所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是 others，泛指“別的人或事”如：Idon ’tlikethisshirt,pleaseshowmeanother(one).Thetrousersaretoolong,pleasegivemeanotherpair/someothers.Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball.5.all和both,neither和eitherall表示不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 both和all加否定詞表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.AllofthebooksarenotwritteninEnglish./NotallofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.精選范本.Bothofusarenotteachers./Notbothofusareteachers./Eitherofusisateacher.四．形容詞和副詞形容詞：形容詞的位置：形容詞作定語(yǔ)通常前置，但在下列情況后置：1修飾some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等構(gòu)成的nobodyabsent,everythingpossible復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)2以-able,-ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級(jí)或onlythebestbookavailable,theonly修飾的名詞之后solutionpossible3alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置theonlypersonawake4和空間、時(shí)間、單位連用時(shí)abridge50meterslong5成對(duì)的形容詞可以后置ahugeroomsimpleandbeautiful6形容詞短語(yǔ)一般后置amandifficulttogetonwith多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞的順序：代詞數(shù)詞性狀形容詞冠詞冠詞指示代詞大小前的序數(shù)基數(shù)性質(zhì)國(guó)籍材料不定代詞新舊顏色形容詞詞狀態(tài)長(zhǎng)短產(chǎn)地質(zhì)地代詞所有溫度詞形狀格theallasecondonebeautifullargeblackChinesesilkboththisgoodnewnextfourshortyellowLondonstonesuchanotherpoorcoolsquareyour復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成：1形容詞+名詞+edkind-hearted6名詞+形容詞world-famous2形容詞+形容詞dark-blue7名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving3形容詞+現(xiàn)在分ordinary-looking8名詞+過(guò)去分詞snow-covered詞4副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working9數(shù)詞+名詞+edthree-egged5副詞+過(guò)去分詞newly-built10數(shù)詞+名詞twenty-year副詞副詞的分類：

名詞時(shí)間副soon,now,early,finally,once,always,often,frequently,seldom,1recently5頻度副詞詞never精選范本.2地點(diǎn)副here,nearby,outside,upwards,疑問(wèn)副詞how,where,when,why詞above63方式副hard,well,fast,slowly,7how,when,where,why,whether,詞excitedly,really連接副詞however,meanwhile4程度副almost,nearly,very,fairly,關(guān)系副詞when,where,why詞quite,rather8III.形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)：形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)分為原級(jí)，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est，多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more和most。1.同級(jí)比較時(shí)常常用asas以及notso(as)asI如am：notsogoodaplayerasyouare.可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞有：much,many,alot,even,far,abit,alittle,still,yet,byfar,any,agreatdeal。3.表示一方隨另一方變化時(shí)用“themorethemore”句型The。如harder：youwork,themoreprogressyouwillmake.4.用比較級(jí)來(lái)表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意思。如：Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.表示倍數(shù)的比較級(jí)有如下幾種句型：Ourschoolisthreetimeslargerthanyours./Ourschoolisfourtimesaslargeasyours./Ourschoolisfourtimesthesizeofyours.6.表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒(méi)有最高級(jí)和比較級(jí)。 如：favourite,excellent,extreme,perfect。五．介詞介詞分類：1簡(jiǎn)單介詞about,across,after,against,among,around,at,below,beyond,during,in,on2合成介詞inside,into,onto,outof,outside,throughout,upon,within,without3短語(yǔ)介詞accordingto,becauseof,insteadof,upto,dueto,owingto,thanksto4雙重介詞fromamong,frombehind,fromunder,tillafter,inbetween5分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的介considering(就而論),including詞6形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的like,unlike,near,next,opposite介詞常用介詞區(qū)別：1表示時(shí)間的in,on,atat表示片刻的時(shí)間，in表示一段的時(shí)間，on總是與日子有關(guān)2表示時(shí)間的since,fromsince指從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間，和完成時(shí)連用，from指從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始3表示時(shí)間的in,afterin指在一段時(shí)間之后，after表示某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后或用在過(guò)去時(shí)的一段時(shí)間中4表示地理位置的in,on,in表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外to5表示“在上”的on,inon只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分精選范本.表示“穿過(guò)”的through表示從內(nèi)部通過(guò)，與in有關(guān)，across表示在表面上通過(guò)，6與on有關(guān)through,across表示“關(guān)于”的about,7about指涉及到，on指專門(mén)論述on8 between與among的區(qū)別 between表示在兩者之間， among用于三者或三者以上的中間besides指“除了還有再加上”， except指“除了，減去什9 besides與except的區(qū)別么”，不放在句首with表示具體的工具， in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，單位，10表示“用”的 in,with語(yǔ)言，聲音as意為“作為，以地位或身份”， like為“象一樣”，指11as與like的區(qū)別情形相似in通常表示位置（靜態(tài)）， into表示動(dòng)向，不表示目的地或位12in與into區(qū)別置六．動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一共有16種，以ask為例，將其各種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式列表如下：現(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般ask/asksaskedshall/willaskshould/wouldask進(jìn)行am/is/areaskingwas/wereaskingshall/willbeaskingshould/wouldbeasking完成have/hasaskedhadaskedshall/willhaveaskedshould/wouldhaveasked完成進(jìn)have/hasbeenhadbeenaskingshall/willhavebeenshould/wouldhavebeen行askingaskingasking現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況，但和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，它不能同表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，漢譯英時(shí)可加“已經(jīng)”等詞。簡(jiǎn)言之，利用過(guò)去，說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在。如：Ihavealreadyreadthenovelwrittenbytheworld-famouswriter.(已經(jīng)看過(guò)，且了解這本書(shū)的內(nèi)容 )一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)，它可和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，漢譯英時(shí)可加“過(guò)”，“了”等詞。簡(jiǎn)言之，僅談過(guò)去，不關(guān)現(xiàn)在。如：Ireadthenovellastmonth.(只說(shuō)明上個(gè)月看了，不涉及現(xiàn)在是否記住 )IlivedinBeijingfortenyears.（只說(shuō)明在北京住過(guò)十年，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別：兩者都可以表示“從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”， 在含義上如著重表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí)， 多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，如著重表示動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行， 即動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性時(shí)， 則多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。Ihavereadthatbook.我讀過(guò)那本書(shū)了。Ihavebeenreadingthatbookallthemorning.我早上一直在讀那本書(shū)。4.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的表達(dá)方式：將來(lái)時(shí) 用法 例句精選范本.1will/shall+動(dòng)詞原表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)Mysisterwillbetennextyear.形begoingto+動(dòng)詞原含有“打算，計(jì)劃，即將”做某事，It’sgoingtoclearup.2We’regoingtohaveaparty形或表示很有可能要發(fā)生某事tonight.be+doing進(jìn)行時(shí)go,come,start,move,leave,arrive等詞Heismovingtothesouth.3可用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的表示將來(lái)AretheyleavingforEurope?動(dòng)作beaboutto+動(dòng)詞表示安排或計(jì)劃中的馬上就要發(fā)生Iwasabouttoleavewhenthe4bellrang.原形的動(dòng)作，后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Themeetingisabouttoclose.5beto+動(dòng)詞原形表示按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)We’retomeetattheschoolgateatnoon.Themeetingstartsatfive6一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將時(shí)刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的o’clock.來(lái)事情，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)Theplaneleavesattenthisevening.動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)構(gòu)成常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)構(gòu)成態(tài)態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/areasked6過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeingasked2一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/wereasked7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeenasked3一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/willbeasked8過(guò)去完成時(shí)hadbeenasked4過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)should/wouldbeasked9將來(lái)完成時(shí)will/wouldhavebeenasked5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/arebeingasked10含有情態(tài)動(dòng)can/must/maybeasked詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)不可漏掉其中介副詞。固定結(jié)構(gòu)begoingto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，只需將其后的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)。如：Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer./Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.注Newspapersusedtobesentherebythelittlegirl.漢語(yǔ)有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：意事Itisbelievedthat項(xiàng)ItisgenerallyconsideredthatItissaidthatItiswellknownthatItmustbepointedoutthatItissupposedthatItisreportedthat精選范本.ItmustbeadmittedthatItishopedthat下面主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義：如：Thewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing.Thebookisworthreadingtwice.Thedoorwon ’tshut./Theplaywon ’tact.Theclotheswasheswell./Thebooksellswell.Thedishtastesdelicious./Waterfeelsverycold.下面詞或短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)態(tài)：leave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,lack,fit,fail,have,appear,happen,occur,belongto,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,agreewith,keepupwith,consistof,haveon,loseheart等等七．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法can能力（體力，智力，技能）允許或許可（口語(yǔ)中常用）可能性（表猜測(cè)，用于否定

否定式疑問(wèn)式與簡(jiǎn)答cannot/cannotCando?/can’tdoYes,can.could句或疑問(wèn)句中）may可以（問(wèn)句中表示請(qǐng)求）可能，或許（表推測(cè)）might祝愿（用于倒裝句中）必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求）must肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測(cè)）

couldn ’tdomaynotdomightnotdomustnot/mustn

No, can’t.May do ?Yes, may.No, mustn’t/can ’t.Mightdo?Yes,mightNo,mightnot.Must do ?Yes, must.’tdoNo, needn’t/don ’thaveto.只好，不得不（客觀的必須，haveto有時(shí)態(tài)人稱變化）應(yīng)當(dāng)（表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語(yǔ)oughtto中多用should將要，會(huì)用于一三人稱征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)shall用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責(zé)任）should本該（含有責(zé)備意味）

Do havetodo ?don’thavetodo Yes, do.No, don’t.Ought todo ?oughtnotto/oughtn ’tYes, ought.todoNo, oughtn’t.Shall do?shallnot/shan ’tdoYes, shall.No, shan’t.shouldnot/shouldn ’tShould do?dowill 意愿，決心 willnot/won ’tdoWill do?精選范本.would請(qǐng)求，建議，用在問(wèn)句中wouldnot/wouldn’Yes,twill.would比較委婉doNo,won’t.dare敢（常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句darenot/darenDaredo?中）’tdodarent.’Yes,dare.No,需要Needdo?need必須（常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)neednot/needn’tdoneedn’t.句中）Yes,must.No,Usedtodo?usedYes,used.usedto過(guò)去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再）not/usedn’t/usen’No,tuse(d)n’t.todoDidusetodo?didn’tusetodoYes,did.No,didn’t.II. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must,may,might,could,can表示推測(cè)：以must為例。must+do(be)是推測(cè)現(xiàn)在存在的一般狀態(tài)進(jìn)行；must+bedoing推測(cè)可能正在進(jìn)行的事情；must+havedone是推測(cè)可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情。1.must “肯定，一定”語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，只用于肯定句中。HemustbeamanfromAmerica./Hemustbetalkingwithhisfriend./Hemusthavealreadyarrivedthere.may和might“也許”，后者語(yǔ)氣弱，更沒(méi)有把握?？捎糜诳隙ň浜头穸ň?。Hemaynotbeathome./Theymighthavefinishedtheirtask.3.can和could “可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及 can’t語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，用于肯定、否定、疑問(wèn)句中。Theweatherinthatcitycouldbecoldnow.Wecouldhavewalkedthere;itwassonear（.推測(cè)某事本來(lái)可能發(fā)生，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有發(fā)生）Canhebeintheofficenow?No,hecan’tbethere,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.(強(qiáng)，常用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中)III.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞注意點(diǎn)：1.can和beableto:都可以表示能力。但beableto可以表達(dá)“某事終于成功”，而can無(wú)法表達(dá)此意。Beableto有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。另外，兩者不能重疊使用。2.usedto和would:usedto表示過(guò)去常常做現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再有的習(xí)慣，而would只表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣或喜好，不涉及現(xiàn)在。3.need和dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：兩者作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。其形式為：needn’t/daren’tdo；Need/daredo?做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)可用于肯定句，否定句和疑問(wèn)句。其形式為：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared)todo,don’t(doesn’t/didn’t)need/daretodo八．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞I.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類、意義及構(gòu)成：非謂語(yǔ)形構(gòu)成特征和作用式時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)否定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)精選范本.todotobedone具有名詞，副詞和形容詞的作tobedoingforsb.to用tohavebeen不定式dosth.在句中做主、賓、定、表和狀tohavedonedone語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分doingbeingdone在非謂詞havingdonehavingbeendone語(yǔ)前加具有副詞和形容詞的作用分詞not在句中做定、表、賓補(bǔ)和狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去done分詞doingbeingdonesb’s具有名詞的作用動(dòng)名詞havingbeendonedoing在句中做主、賓、定和表語(yǔ)havingdone做賓語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞比較：情況只接不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)意義基本相同兩 意義相反者都可以意義不同

常用動(dòng)詞hope,want,offer,long,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happenmind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,prevent,keep,dislike,avoid,risk,resist,considercan’thelp,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,sticktobegin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue（接不定式多指具體的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為）need,want,require（接動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式）stoptodo停止手中事，去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事remember/forget/regrettodo（指動(dòng)作尚未goontodo（接著做另外一件發(fā)生）remember/forget/regretdoing（指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)事）goondoing（接著做同一件事）發(fā)生）trytodo（設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力）meantodo（打算做，企圖做）trydoing（試試去做，看有何結(jié)果）meandoing（意識(shí)是，意味著）can’thelptodo（不能幫忙做can）’thelpdoing（忍不住要做）III.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間例句概念ask,beg,expect,get,order,主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生Iheardhimcallmeseveral不定式或已經(jīng)完成times.tell,want,wish,encourage精選范本.have,notice,see,watch,hear,feel,let,make現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞

notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel

主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn) Ifoundherlisteningtothe行，尚未完成 radio.動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成， Wefoundthevillagegreatly多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài) changed.IV.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：區(qū)別舉例與被修飾詞往往有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，一般式表示將Ihavealotofpaperstotype.不定式來(lái)，進(jìn)行式表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，完成式Ihavealotofpaperstobetyped.表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生動(dòng)名詞通常指被修飾詞的用途，無(wú)邏輯上的任何關(guān)系Shallwegototheswimmingpool?現(xiàn)在分與被修飾詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)theboilingwater/theboiledwater詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生thedevelopingcountry/the過(guò)去分與被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在developedcountry詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，現(xiàn)已經(jīng)完成thefallingleaves/thefallenleaves非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：區(qū)別舉例多表示一個(gè)特定的具體的將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)可以Mydreamistobecomeateacher.不定借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表語(yǔ)有時(shí)可和主Toobeythelawisimportant.式語(yǔ)交換位置，而且意義不變，并且還能用what來(lái)提(dream,business,wish,idea,plan,問(wèn)主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。duty,task做主語(yǔ)時(shí)常用)動(dòng)名與不定式的功能區(qū)別不大，然而它更接近于名詞，表Itisnousesayingthatagainand示的動(dòng)作比較抽象，或者泛指習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)也again.詞可以用it做形式主語(yǔ)，做表語(yǔ)時(shí)可以和主語(yǔ)互換位置。Teachingismyjob.無(wú)名詞的性質(zhì)，不能做主語(yǔ)。但是有形容詞的性質(zhì)，Thesituationisencouraging.可以做表語(yǔ)，多表明主語(yǔ)的特征性質(zhì)或者狀態(tài)等，可Thebookiswellwritten.被very,quite,rather等副詞修飾。(常見(jiàn)分詞有astonishing,分詞現(xiàn)在分詞多含有“令人”之意，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)特moving,tiring,disappointing,征，多表示主動(dòng)，主語(yǔ)多為物。過(guò)去分詞一般表示被puzzling,shocking,boring,動(dòng)或主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，含有“感到”之意，主語(yǔ)多amusing及其-ed形式)是人。九．定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系人主語(yǔ)Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithwhom,whichwhoyourmother?和that在從句代詞精選范本.Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamwhom人working賓語(yǔ)Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareaboutwhose人，物history.定語(yǔ)Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.

中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？梢允÷裕樵~提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that主語(yǔ)，賓Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.that人，物Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseevery語(yǔ)much.Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworthwhich物主語(yǔ)，賓$10.語(yǔ)Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.主語(yǔ)，賓Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallas人，物ofus.as做賓語(yǔ)一般語(yǔ)不省略ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemet可用onwhichthere.關(guān)系地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhichwhere副詞why原因原因狀語(yǔ)Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhichII.that與which,who,whom的用法區(qū)別：情況用法說(shuō)明例句1．先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,1.Hetoldmeeverythingthathelittle,much,等不定代詞時(shí)。2．knows.2.Allthebooksthatyouoffered先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時(shí)hasbeengivenout.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhave3．只用that的情everread.況先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)4．4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)5.HeistheonlymanthatIwantto5．see.先行詞被 theonly,thevery修飾時(shí)6.Whoisthemanthatismakinga6．speech?句中已經(jīng)有 who或which時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)精選范本.1．在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指代Hehasason,whohasgoneabroad物，用who/whom指人forfurtherstudy.只用which,2．Ilikethepersontowhomthewho,whom的在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句teacheristalking.情況中，只能用which指物，whom指人。Thosewhorespectothersare3．usuallyrespectedbyothers.先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which,先行詞為those,one,he時(shí)多用who。III.as與which的區(qū)別：定語(yǔ)從區(qū)別例句句限制性名詞前有such和thesame修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.定語(yǔ)從Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’t代詞用as,不能用which句中understand.as和which都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.非限制果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’t性定語(yǔ)句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而expected.從句中which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后，并無(wú)Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstar“正如”的意思。inthe1980s.IV.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：類別語(yǔ)法意義及特征例句限制性定語(yǔ)對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句意Theaccidenthappenedatthe思就不完整明確，這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分從句timewhenIleft.密切，寫(xiě)時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。對(duì)先行詞作附加的說(shuō)明，與主句的關(guān)系不十分非限制性定密切，較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，Hismother,whomheloved語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，不能用that引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代deeply,diedtenyearsago.詞做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也不能省略。十．名詞性從句種類作用常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞在復(fù)合句中做主語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于名that,whether,if,主語(yǔ)從詞，一般置謂語(yǔ)之前，也可用asif,asthough,句it作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句放主who,whose,句之后which,how,表語(yǔ)從在復(fù)合句中做表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于名when,where,句詞，位于系動(dòng)詞之后why,what,賓語(yǔ)從在復(fù)合句中做賓語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于名whatever,whoever,句詞

例句Whetherhewillcomeornotdoesn’tmattermuch.Whoevercomesherewillbewelcome.Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.Heaskedmewhichteamcouldwinthegame.精選范本.whereverYouhavenoideahowworriedwe同位語(yǔ)放在名詞之后(news,problem,are.idea,suggestion,advice,thought,從句Thefactthatheliedagaingreatlyhope,fact等)表明其具體內(nèi)容surprisedus.十一。狀語(yǔ)從句種類連接詞注意點(diǎn)when,whenever,while,as,before,after,until,主句表示將來(lái)意義時(shí)，從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；while引導(dǎo)的從句中動(dòng)詞一般是時(shí)間狀till,bythetime,assoonas,hardlywhen,no語(yǔ)soonerthan,themoment,theminute,延續(xù)性的；until用在肯定句中主句動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的，而否定句中主句動(dòng)詞為短immediately,directly,instantly暫性的。地點(diǎn)狀where,wherever語(yǔ)原因狀because,as,since,nowthatbecause語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，since較弱，表示大語(yǔ)家都明了的原因，as又次之。條件狀if,unless,once,incase,aslongas,on從句中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不可用將來(lái)時(shí)，常用一語(yǔ)conditionthat般時(shí)代替目的狀sothat,inorderthat,forfearthatsothat和inorderthat后常接may,語(yǔ)should,could,would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)果狀sothat,suchthat語(yǔ)比較狀than,asas,notso/asas,themorethe語(yǔ)more方式狀asif,asthough,asasif和asthough引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛語(yǔ)擬語(yǔ)氣。though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,no讓步狀matterwhat,whatever,nomatterwho,as在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中常用倒裝形式；whoever,nomatterwhich,whichever,noalthough和though用正常語(yǔ)序，可和語(yǔ)matterhow,however,nomatterwhen,yet連用，但不可和but連用whenever十二。倒裝句種類倒裝條件例句here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副詞Outrushedthechildren.開(kāi)頭的句子表示強(qiáng)調(diào)完全Underthetreestoodtwotablesandfour倒裝表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)位于句首chairs.強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)，置于句首，或?yàn)楸３志渥悠胶釶resentatthemeetingwere1,000students.部分never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,notuntil,HardlydidIknowwhathadhappened.精選范本.倒裝 not等表示否定意義的副詞放于句首Onlythendidherealizedtheimportanceofonly和修飾的狀語(yǔ)放于句首English.notonlybutalso連接并列的句子，前倒后NotonlydoesheknowFrench,butalsohe不倒isexpertatit.neithernor連接并列的句子，前后都倒裝NeitherdoIknowit,nordoIcareaboutit.sothat,such中that的so或such及修飾的Sobusyishethathecannotgoona成分放于句首時(shí)前倒后不倒holiday.as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)Childasheis,hehaslearnedalot.so,neither或nor表示前句內(nèi)容也適用于另Hecanplaythepiano.Socani.外的人或事。用于表示祝愿的祈使句中Mayyoubeingoodhealth!省略if的虛擬條件WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoitinthisway.十三。虛擬語(yǔ)氣類別用法例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)從句動(dòng)詞：過(guò)去式（be用were）Ifhewerehere,he主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞相反wouldhelpus.原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)從句動(dòng)詞：had+過(guò)去分詞IfIhadbeenfree,I主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+have+If引導(dǎo)的wouldhavevisitedyou.相反過(guò)去分詞條件從句從句動(dòng)詞：過(guò)去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形/Ifitshouldrain與將來(lái)事實(shí)were+不定式tomorrow,wewould相反主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞notgocamping.原形Theyaretalkingasifasif引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去完成式theyhadbeenfriends其它狀語(yǔ)foryears.從句can/could/Turnonthelightsoinorderthat/sothat引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞用thatwecanseeitmay/might/would等+動(dòng)詞原形clearly.demand,suggest,order,insist后接的從句中動(dòng)詞為should+動(dòng)Hesuggestedthatwe詞原形notchangeourmind.賓語(yǔ)從句IwishIcouldbeapopwish后的從句中分別用過(guò)去式，過(guò)去完成式和singer.should/would+動(dòng)詞原形表示與現(xiàn)在，過(guò)去和將來(lái)情況相反主語(yǔ)從句在Itisnecessary/important/strangethatIt,isItstranissuggestedthatsuch/a精選范本.demanded/ordered/requestedthat等從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞personshouldbeour用should+動(dòng)詞原形friends.Itistimethat句型中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去should+式或動(dòng)詞原形It’shightimethatweleft.其它句型Iwouldratheryouwouldrather所接的從句中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或者過(guò)去完成式stayedathomenow.中Ifonly句型中動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式或者過(guò)去完成式，表示強(qiáng)烈Ifonlyourdreamhad的愿望cometrue!十四。重要句型1.Itwasnotuntilmidnightthathefinishedhistask.2.NotuntilhecamebackfromabroadwasIabletoseehimagain.3.Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.4.Hewalkedaroundthehouse,guninhand.5.Mayyoubeingoodhealth!6.Wishyouapleasantjourneybackhome!7.Theprofessorwasahumorousmanwithbignoseanddeep-seteyes.8.Whatsurprisedmemostwashisimaginationandpatience.9.Helayonthegrass,withhiseyeslookingattheskyandhishandsunderhishead.10.SittingunderthetreeareMr.Greenandhisfirstteacher.11.Onthewallhangtwopicturesoffamousscientists.12.Lookingbackuponthosepastyears,hecouldn ’thelpfeelingveryproud.13.Nosooner(Hardly)hadhearrivedatthetheatrethan(when)theplaystarted.14.Youngasheis,hehaslearnedadvancedmathematics.15.HowIregretthehourswastedinthewoodsandfields!16.Therestandsabeautifulvaseinthecorneroftheroom.17.Tenmilesnorthofthetownliesapaperfactory.18.Theregoesthebell.19.Nowherehastheworldeverseensuchabirdashere.20.Itisnousecryingforhelp.21.IfonlyIhadbeenyourstudentinthemiddleschool!22.Itisbelievedthatsuchathingwillnothappenagain.23.OnlywhenheexplaineddidIrealizethereasonforthis.24.“Heworksparticularlyhard. ”“Sohedoes,andsodoyou. ”25.NotonlyAlicebutalsoJaneandMaryaretiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.26.SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplepersonofgreatachievements.十五。動(dòng)詞搭配addto增加，增進(jìn)addto把加進(jìn)addup相加addupto總計(jì)，所有這一切說(shuō)明Idon'tthinkthesefactswill________anything.Fiftynewbookshavebeen________thelibrary.精選范本.Themusic_________ourenjoymentofthefilm.Youmusthavemadeamistakewhenyou_______thebill________.(addupto,addedto,addto,added up)breakawayfrom打破，脫離，掙脫，改掉breakdown出毛病，身體(精神)衰弱，分解，拆開(kāi)breakoff暫停，中斷breakin強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入，插話breakinto闖入breakintopieces成為碎片breakout爆發(fā)breakup搗碎，驅(qū)散，瓦解，學(xué)期結(jié)束，拆散breakthrough突破Thecriminalmanagedtobreak_____________thepoliceandranintothewoods.Whenheheardthenews,hebroke_______andcried.Don'tbreak________whileothersarespeaking.Whydon'tyoubreak________forafewminutesandhavesomecoffee?Whendoesschoolbreak________?Afterharvestwebreak_________thesoilwithatoolpulledbytwooxen.(awayfrom,down,in,off,up,up)bringup撫養(yǎng)，嘔吐，提出bringabout造成bringout拿出，出版bringin引入，引進(jìn)，掙錢(qián)bringback使回想起bringdown使下降，使倒下Theshopkeeperbroughthisprice_________toonlyfivedollars.Theschoolhasbrought_________newforeignteacherstoteachoralEnglish.Thesongbrought___________happymemoriesofourschooldays.Doyouknowwhatbrought___________thismisunderstanding?Thekindoldmanagreedtobring__________theyoungorphan.Wedecidedtobringthematter___atthenextmeeting.Thewindbrought_______alotoftreeslastnight.Nextmonththeywillbring________aneweditionofthebook.(down,in,back,about,up,up,down,out)callon號(hào)召，拜訪（某人）callat拜訪、參觀（某地）callfor去叫某人,要求,需要callup使回憶起,征召入伍callin召集，請(qǐng)某人來(lái)callout大喊，高叫calloff取消，不舉行1)Doctorsareoftencalled_____inthemiddleofthewar.精選范本.Pleasewaitformeathome.I'llcall_______youatyourhouseatseventonight.Thetrainscalls_______severalbigcitiesbetweenBeijingandGuangzhou.Hecalledhername__________,butshedidn'tanswer.Thesportsmeetwascalled____onaccountoftherain.(in,for,at,out,off)5.comeabout發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)comedown下跌，落，降，傳下來(lái)comein進(jìn)來(lái)comeinto(sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect)comeon來(lái)臨/ 快點(diǎn)comeout出版，結(jié)果是comealong一道來(lái)，趕快cometo達(dá)到(anend/anagree