非謂語動詞講解課件

鹿泉市第一中學(xué)劉雪濤鹿泉市第一中學(xué)劉雪濤1非謂語動詞（非限定動詞）一．包括動詞不定式、動名詞、和分詞三.非限定動詞具有動詞的特征.可以有自己的賓語、狀語。有語態(tài)和時態(tài)的變化。另外還有一些非動詞的特征，相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞等，在句子里可以作這些詞類所能用作的句子成分二.非限定動詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語動詞。不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。三.非限定動詞具有動詞的特征.可以有自己的2Helikes

tosing.Theylike

tosing.Themanwalkinginfrontwascarryingabook.Themenwalkinginfrontwerecarryingbooks.Helikestosing.Theylik3非謂語動詞主賓表定狀賓補(bǔ)TododoingDoing\done∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨非謂語動詞主賓表定狀賓補(bǔ)TododoingD4

tododoingdoing(分詞)tobedonebeingdonebeingdone

tohavedonehavingdonehavingdone

tohavebeendone

havingbeendone

havingbeendonetobedoingtohavebeendoing

過去分詞只有一種形式done既可以表被動也可以完成tododoi5一.todo的用法1.作主語Totalkwithherisagreatpleasure.Tolearnfromothersisveryimportant.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithher.Itisveryimportanttolearnfromothers.

2.作表語Herwishistobecomeafamoussinger.Ourplanistofinishtheworkintwoweeks.一.todo的用法1.作主語Itisagreat63.作賓語Hewishestogoabroadtohaveafurtherstudy.Wehavedecidedtogivethemahand.4.作定語IwasthefirstwomantotravelaloneattheNorthpole.Shanghaiisthefirstcityintheworldtohavebuiltahigh—speedmaglevtrain.3.作賓語Hewishestogoabroadto75.作狀語（目的／結(jié)果）ButwhatshouldIdotocelebratemy60thbirthday?Tomakeasmuchuseofthelandas

possible,twoormorecropsareplantedAfewyearslaterhecamehometofindhishometownchanged.Ihurriedtothepostoffice,onlytofinditwasclosed.5.作狀語（目的／結(jié)果）ButwhatshouldI86.作賓補(bǔ)Whattheteachersaidencouragedustotryourbestatourwork.Herwonderfulcareerinspiresmanypeopletobelievesuccessiswithinreachforeveryone.todo在句中作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)。6.作賓補(bǔ)Whattheteachersaide9二.動名詞的用法Jiadidexperimentsandshowedthatplantingwheatcloseisbetter.Workinginacompanyismywish.Ｃhosingwhattoeatisnolongeraseasyasitoncewas.Makingeyecontact–lookingintosomeone’s

eyes-isawaytoshowinterest.1.作主語二.動名詞的用法1.作主語102.作賓語(動詞/介詞)IpreferwatchingTVandplayingcomputergames.SinceKwanzaaisatimeforlearningaswellasjoy,peoplecelebrateitbylightingacandleeachdayanddiscussingoneofthesevenprinciplesofKwanzaa.Theactorsmakesuslaughbymakingfun

ofsomebody’swayofdressingortellinganamusingstory.2.作賓語(動詞/介詞)Ipreferwatching113.作表語Agoodwayofsaying“Iamfull”ismovingthehandincirclesoverthestomachafterameal.MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.4.作定語Eatinghabitsbecomepartofwhoweare.Theywanttogotothereadingroomthisafternoon.動名詞（doing）在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語。3.作表語Agoodwayofsaying“I12三.分詞的用法(現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞)1.作表語(具有形容詞的特征）Thisbookisveryinteresting

.Thisplayisverymovingandinstructive.Thecupsarebroken./Heismarried.比較：Thespiritisinspiringthepeoplealloverthecountry.Hisreportisinspiring.三.分詞的用法(現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞)1.作表語(具有形132.作定語Oprahwinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.Itisaseven-dayfestivalcelebratingthecultureandhistoryofAfricanAmerican.Ａstherewasanothercarcomingintheotherdirection.Wealsomakechoicesbasedonhowtheproductsaregrownormade.Perhapsthebestexampleofuniversallyunderstoodbodylanguageisthesmile.

2.作定語Oprahwinfreyisablack143.作狀語Lyingontheice,Iwouldsoondie.(時間)Istruggledtomyknees,knowingthatsomehowIhadtoputmytentupforshelter.(伴隨)Hisparentsdied,leavinghimaorphan.(結(jié)果)HavingrealizedthatIcoulduseakiteto

attractlightning,Idecidedtodoanexperiment.(分詞的完成時態(tài)作時間狀語).Heated,icebeginstomelt.Inspiredbythespiritofthehero,theyworkedevenharder.3.作狀語Lyingontheice,Iwould15Pressingone’spalmstogetherandrestingone’sheadonthebackofone’shandwhileclosingtheeyesasifsleeping.means“Iamtired,”Whenaskedthequestion,Igaveaclearandexactanswer.Ifinvited,Iwillgotothepartytogetherwithyou.如果強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞短語所表示的動作和主句動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生。分詞短語前用when、while。Pressingone’spalmstogether164.作賓補(bǔ)Othernutrientshelpkeepourbodyfunctioningwell.Withtheworkdone,wewentouttoplay.Wefoundthestudentsreadingoutside.Wefoundourhometowncompletelychanged.

非謂語動詞的否定式:“not+todo/doing/done”構(gòu)成Notknowingwhattodo,heturnedtotheteacherforhelp.Shestartedearlysoasnottobelate.4.作賓補(bǔ)Othernutrientshelpkeep17現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別1.語態(tài)上不同

anexcitingstory/anexcitedpersonamovingfilm/amovedaudiencealeadingcadre/anunknownheroatiringjourney/atiredfootballplayer分詞在句中作表語、定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)。

現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別1.語態(tài)上不同anexcitin182.時間關(guān)系上不同developingcountries/developedcountriesthechangingworld/thechangedworldboilingwater/boiledwaterthefallingleaves/thefallenleaves2.時間關(guān)系上不同developingcountries/19非謂語動詞主賓表定狀賓補(bǔ)TododoingDoing\done∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨非謂語動詞主賓表定狀賓補(bǔ)TododoingD20注意：１.todo和doing作主語和表語用法相同。表示泛指意義的行為時多用動名詞（也可用todo）但表示具體的行為（特別是將來的行為）時，必須用todo。主語和表語都是非謂語動詞時，兩者在形式上應(yīng)該一致。Seeingisbelieving。/Toseeistobelieve。Hishobbyiscollectingstamps。Herwishistobecomeasinger。注意：Seeingisbelieving。/Tose21Myjobisteaching=Teachingismyjob。分詞作表語表示特性、狀態(tài)。Thestoryisinteresting。（特性）Thenewsisexciting。（特性）Heisinterestedinthestory。（狀態(tài)）Thecupisbroken。（狀態(tài)）WearelearningEnglish.（動作）ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.（動作）Myjobisteaching=Teaching222.動名詞作賓語時,在意義上比較一般和抽象,時間觀念不強(qiáng),不指某一次動作。動詞不定式作賓語常表示某個具體動作。Helikesswimming,buthedoesn’tliketoswimtoday.只能跟todo的動詞want、wish、hope、expect、decide、agree、manage、promise、pretend2.動名詞作賓語時,在意義上比較一般和抽象,時He23只能跟動名詞的動詞enjoy、finish、mind、miss、avoid、risk、suggest、escape、practise、insiston、giveup二者皆可無區(qū)別begin、start、like、hate、prefer、continue、intend二者皆可但有區(qū)別stop、remember、forget、try、regret、mean只能跟動名詞的動詞enjoy、finish、mind、mis243.動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時的區(qū)別

動名詞作定語時,和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上沒有主謂關(guān)系，既它不是該名詞的動作?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語時,則和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系,它是該名詞的動作.asleepingcarareadingroomdrinkingwateraswimmingpoolasleepingchildleadingcomradesadancinggirlthecomingweek=acarforsleeping=aroomforreading=waterfordrinking=apoolforswimming=achildwhoissleeping=Comradeswholead=agirlwhoisdancing=theweekthatiscoming3.動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時的區(qū)別動名詞作定語254.動詞不定式和分詞作賓補(bǔ)tell(ask、want、order、get、advise、wouldlike、persuade）+sb+todosth五看三使役二聽一感半幫助see、watch、look、observe、noticemake、let、havehear、listenfeelhelp用動詞原形作賓補(bǔ)see、hear、feel、watchdodoingdone4.動詞不定式和分詞作賓補(bǔ)tell(ask、want、or26Ihearthemsingapopsongintheclassroom.Ihearthemsingingapopsong…Ihearapopsongsung…keep、leave、findhave、get+doing、doneIhearthemsingapopsongin275.Todo在句中作目的狀語或結(jié)果狀語分詞(doing/done)在句中作狀語時表示時間、

原因、方式和伴隨。有時也表結(jié)果。Whenhewasreadingabook，henoddedfromtimetotime.________________,henoddedfromtime…=ReadingabookLookingoutofthewindow,IsawMary.__________________________,Isaw…

=WhenIlookedoutof…5.Todo在句中作目的狀語或結(jié)果狀語Whenhew28Becausehewasill,hecouldn’tcomehere._______________,hecouldn’tcomehere.=BeingillBeingapartymember,heisreadytodoanythingforthepeople._____________________________,heis…=BecauseheisapartymemberManypeoplecometothemeparks,lookingforthrillsandentertainment.(=andtheylookforthrills…)Becausehewasill,hecouldn’29Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbytheStudents.=(andhewassurroundedby…)______fromthehill,wecanseethelake.______fromthekill,thelakecanbeseen.(see)Seeing

SeenTheprofessorcamein,_______manystudents._________bymanystudents.(follow)followingfollowedTheteacherstoodthere,surr30Manyclassestookpartinthediscussion,_________ourclass.(include)ourclass__________.includingincludedAfterhefinishedhiswork,hewenthome.______________________,hewenthome.______________________,hewenthome.=Finishinghiswork=HavingfinishedhisworkManyclassestookpartinthe31Ifweatherpermits,wewillgooutforawalk.____________________,wewillgoout…Becauseheisill,wehavetodoitourselves.____________________,wehavetodo…Afterthemeetingwasover,welefttheroom.____________________,weleftthe…WeatherpermittingHe(being)illThemeetingover(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))Ifweatherpermits,wewillgo32Theprofessorcameinwithabookinhishand=abookinhishand=bookinhand(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))GenerallyspeakingHonestlyspeakingFranklyspeakingJudgingfromConsideringthatDependingon獨(dú)立狀語Theprofessorcameinwithab33ExerciseWillthose___thechildrenfromabroadcometotheheadmaster’soffice?A.TeachingB.teachC.whoteachesD.Whoteaching(shanghai2004)2.Thepicture___onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung(beijing2000)ExerciseWillthose___thec343.WhenthefirstEnglishsettlersarrivedintheNewWorld,theIndians___jewellerymadeofanimalbonesgreetedthemwarmly.A.wearingB.towearC.wornD.havingworn(shanghai2005)4.Therearehundredsofvisitors___infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh’spaintings.(shanghai2006chun)A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait3.WhenthefirstEnglishsettl355.___themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.(shanghai2003chun)A.ThepresidentwillattendB.ThepresidenttoattendC.ThepresidentattendedD.Thepresident’sattending6.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobInterview.___theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.(Beijing2005)A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having5.___themeetinghimselfgave367.Victorapologizedfor___toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.(shanghai2004chun)A.hisbeingnotableB.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotable8.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30000andanallexpenses___vacationtoChina.A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid7.Victorapologizedfor___to379.MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,___advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.A.takingB.takenC.havingtakenD.havingbeentaken(shanghai2005)10.___intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.(shanghai2005)A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput9.Moreandmorepeoplearesig38鹿泉市第一中學(xué)劉雪濤鹿泉市第一中學(xué)劉雪濤39非謂語動詞（非限定動詞）一．包括動詞不定式、動名詞、和分詞三.非限定動詞具有動詞的特征.可以有自己的賓語、狀語。有語態(tài)和時態(tài)的變化。另外還有一些非動詞的特征，相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞等，在句子里可以作這些詞類所能用作的句子成分二.非限定動詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語動詞。不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。三.非限定動詞具有動詞的特征.可以有自己的40Helikes

tosing.Theylike

tosing.Themanwalkinginfrontwascarryingabook.Themenwalkinginfrontwerecarryingbooks.Helikestosing.Theylik41非謂語動詞主賓表定狀賓補(bǔ)TododoingDoing\done∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨非謂語動詞主賓表定狀賓補(bǔ)TododoingD42

tododoingdoing(分詞)tobedonebeingdonebeingdone

tohavedonehavingdonehavingdone

tohavebeendone

havingbeendone

havingbeendonetobedoingtohavebeendoing

過去分詞只有一種形式done既可以表被動也可以完成tododoi43一.todo的用法1.作主語Totalkwithherisagreatpleasure.Tolearnfromothersisveryimportant.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithher.Itisveryimportanttolearnfromothers.

2.作表語Herwishistobecomeafamoussinger.Ourplanistofinishtheworkintwoweeks.一.todo的用法1.作主語Itisagreat443.作賓語Hewishestogoabroadtohaveafurtherstudy.Wehavedecidedtogivethemahand.4.作定語IwasthefirstwomantotravelaloneattheNorthpole.Shanghaiisthefirstcityintheworldtohavebuiltahigh—speedmaglevtrain.3.作賓語Hewishestogoabroadto455.作狀語（目的／結(jié)果）ButwhatshouldIdotocelebratemy60thbirthday?Tomakeasmuchuseofthelandas

possible,twoormorecropsareplantedAfewyearslaterhecamehometofindhishometownchanged.Ihurriedtothepostoffice,onlytofinditwasclosed.5.作狀語（目的／結(jié)果）ButwhatshouldI466.作賓補(bǔ)Whattheteachersaidencouragedustotryourbestatourwork.Herwonderfulcareerinspiresmanypeopletobelievesuccessiswithinreachforeveryone.todo在句中作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)。6.作賓補(bǔ)Whattheteachersaide47二.動名詞的用法Jiadidexperimentsandshowedthatplantingwheatcloseisbetter.Workinginacompanyismywish.Ｃhosingwhattoeatisnolongeraseasyasitoncewas.Makingeyecontact–lookingintosomeone’s

eyes-isawaytoshowinterest.1.作主語二.動名詞的用法1.作主語482.作賓語(動詞/介詞)IpreferwatchingTVandplayingcomputergames.SinceKwanzaaisatimeforlearningaswellasjoy,peoplecelebrateitbylightingacandleeachdayanddiscussingoneofthesevenprinciplesofKwanzaa.Theactorsmakesuslaughbymakingfun

ofsomebody’swayofdressingortellinganamusingstory.2.作賓語(動詞/介詞)Ipreferwatching493.作表語Agoodwayofsaying“Iamfull”ismovingthehandincirclesoverthestomachafterameal.MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.4.作定語Eatinghabitsbecomepartofwhoweare.Theywanttogotothereadingroomthisafternoon.動名詞（doing）在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語。3.作表語Agoodwayofsaying“I50三.分詞的用法(現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞)1.作表語(具有形容詞的特征）Thisbookisveryinteresting

.Thisplayisverymovingandinstructive.Thecupsarebroken./Heismarried.比較：Thespiritisinspiringthepeoplealloverthecountry.Hisreportisinspiring.三.分詞的用法(現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞)1.作表語(具有形512.作定語Oprahwinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.Itisaseven-dayfestivalcelebratingthecultureandhistoryofAfricanAmerican.Ａstherewasanothercarcomingintheotherdirection.Wealsomakechoicesbasedonhowtheproductsaregrownormade.Perhapsthebestexampleofuniversallyunderstoodbodylanguageisthesmile.

2.作定語Oprahwinfreyisablack523.作狀語Lyingontheice,Iwouldsoondie.(時間)Istruggledtomyknees,knowingthatsomehowIhadtoputmytentupforshelter.(伴隨)Hisparentsdied,leavinghimaorphan.(結(jié)果)HavingrealizedthatIcoulduseakiteto

attractlightning,Idecidedtodoanexperiment.(分詞的完成時態(tài)作時間狀語).Heated,icebeginstomelt.Inspiredbythespiritofthehero,theyworkedevenharder.3.作狀語Lyingontheice,Iwould53Pressingone’spalmstogetherandrestingone’sheadonthebackofone’shandwhileclosingtheeyesasifsleeping.means“Iamtired,”Whenaskedthequestion,Igaveaclearandexactanswer.Ifinvited,Iwillgotothepartytogetherwithyou.如果強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞短語所表示的動作和主句動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生。分詞短語前用when、while。Pressingone’spalmstogether544.作賓補(bǔ)Othernutrientshelpkeepourbodyfunctioningwell.Withtheworkdone,wewentouttoplay.Wefoundthestudentsreadingoutside.Wefoundourhometowncompletelychanged.

非謂語動詞的否定式:“not+todo/doing/done”構(gòu)成Notknowingwhattodo,heturnedtotheteacherforhelp.Shestartedearlysoasnottobelate.4.作賓補(bǔ)Othernutrientshelpkeep55現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別1.語態(tài)上不同

anexcitingstory/anexcitedpersonamovingfilm/amovedaudiencealeadingcadre/anunknownheroatiringjourney/atiredfootballplayer分詞在句中作表語、定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)。

現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別1.語態(tài)上不同anexcitin562.時間關(guān)系上不同developingcountries/developedcountriesthechangingworld/thechangedworldboilingwater/boiledwaterthefallingleaves/thefallenleaves2.時間關(guān)系上不同developingcountries/57非謂語動詞主賓表定狀賓補(bǔ)TododoingDoing\done∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨非謂語動詞主賓表定狀賓補(bǔ)TododoingD58注意：１.todo和doing作主語和表語用法相同。表示泛指意義的行為時多用動名詞（也可用todo）但表示具體的行為（特別是將來的行為）時，必須用todo。主語和表語都是非謂語動詞時，兩者在形式上應(yīng)該一致。Seeingisbelieving。/Toseeistobelieve。Hishobbyiscollectingstamps。Herwishistobecomeasinger。注意：Seeingisbelieving。/Tose59Myjobisteaching=Teachingismyjob。分詞作表語表示特性、狀態(tài)。Thestoryisinteresting。（特性）Thenewsisexciting。（特性）Heisinterestedinthestory。（狀態(tài)）Thecupisbroken。（狀態(tài)）WearelearningEnglish.（動作）ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.（動作）Myjobisteaching=Teaching602.動名詞作賓語時,在意義上比較一般和抽象,時間觀念不強(qiáng),不指某一次動作。動詞不定式作賓語常表示某個具體動作。Helikesswimming,buthedoesn’tliketoswimtoday.只能跟todo的動詞want、wish、hope、expect、decide、agree、manage、promise、pretend2.動名詞作賓語時,在意義上比較一般和抽象,時He61只能跟動名詞的動詞enjoy、finish、mind、miss、avoid、risk、suggest、escape、practise、insiston、giveup二者皆可無區(qū)別begin、start、like、hate、prefer、continue、intend二者皆可但有區(qū)別stop、remember、forget、try、regret、mean只能跟動名詞的動詞enjoy、finish、mind、mis623.動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時的區(qū)別

動名詞作定語時,和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上沒有主謂關(guān)系，既它不是該名詞的動作?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語時,則和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系,它是該名詞的動作.asleepingcarareadingroomdrinkingwateraswimmingpoolasleepingchildleadingcomradesadancinggirlthecomingweek=acarforsleeping=aroomforreading=waterfordrinking=apoolforswimming=achildwhoissleeping=Comradeswholead=agirlwhoisdancing=theweekthatiscoming3.動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時的區(qū)別動名詞作定語634.動詞不定式和分詞作賓補(bǔ)tell(ask、want、order、get、advise、wouldlike、persuade）+sb+todosth五看三使役二聽一感半幫助see、watch、look、observe、noticemake、let、havehear、listenfeelhelp用動詞原形作賓補(bǔ)see、hear、feel、watchdodoingdone4.動詞不定式和分詞作賓補(bǔ)tell(ask、want、or64Ihearthemsingapopsongintheclassroom.Ihearthemsingingapopsong…Ihearapopsongsung…keep、leave、findhave、get+doing、doneIhearthemsingapopsongin655.Todo在句中作目的狀語或結(jié)果狀語分詞(doing/done)在句中作狀語時表示時間、

原因、方式和伴隨。有時也表結(jié)果。Whenhewasreadingabook，henoddedfromtimetotime.________________,henoddedfromtime…=ReadingabookLookingoutofthewindow,IsawMary.__________________________,Isaw…

=WhenIlookedoutof…5.Todo在句中作目的狀語或結(jié)果狀語Whenhew66Becausehewasill,hecouldn’tcomehere._______________,hecouldn’tcomehere.=BeingillBeingapartymember,heisreadytodoanythingforthepeople._____________________________,heis…=BecauseheisapartymemberManypeoplecometothemeparks,lookingforthrillsandentertainment.(=andtheylookforthrills…)Becausehewasill,hecouldn’67Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbytheStudents.=(andhewassurroundedby…)______fromthehill,wecanseethelake.______fromthekill,thelakecanbeseen.(see)Seeing

SeenTheprofessorcamein,_______manystudents._________bymanystudents.(follow)followingfollowedTheteacherstoodthere,surr68Manyclassestookpartinthediscussion,_________ourclass.(include)ourclass__________.includingincludedAfterhefinishedhiswork,hewenthome.______________________,hewenthome.______________________,hewenthome.=Finishinghiswork=HavingfinishedhisworkManyclassestookpartinthe69Ifweatherpermits,wewillgooutforawalk.____________________,wewillgoout…Becauseheisill,wehavetodoitourselves.____________________,wehavetodo…Afterthemeetingwasover,welefttheroom.____________________,weleftthe…WeatherpermittingHe(being)illThemeetingover(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))Ifweatherpermits,wewillgo70T