英語聽力速記方法

英語聽力速記方法英語聽力速記方法英語聽力速記方法xxx公司英語聽力速記方法文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設計，管理制度英語聽力速記方法Ⅰ箭頭

→：exportto,sendto,cause(導致)，arrivein/at

Eg.:我今天下午到達北京I→BJat6:00pmd.

←：import,receive(from),comeback(from)

↑：increase,risedevelop,promote,grow,expand

Eg.:thiscompanykeepexpanding(↑)

↓：decrease,decline,bomb(爆炸),drop

.

.

.

Ⅱ數(shù)學用符號

＋plus,and,inadditionto,furthermore(而且，此外，更近一步說)

Eg.:therearefivestudentsplustenteachersattending(旁聽)

5stus＋10tea

－minus,lack

×wrong,incorrect,bad

＞morethan,greater,moreandmore,superiorto

＜lessthan,smaller,fewer,inferiorto

≥morethanorequalto

≤lessthanorequalto

≠benotmatchfor…

Eg.:jack≠Brandyjack不是

.Brandy的對手

≈around,almost

Eg.:這輛自行車大約要花500美元才能買下自行車≈＄500

∵becauseof,owingto,dueto,thanksto

∴so,therefore

Ⅲ其它。peopleorperson

Eg.:中國人和美國人中°＆US°

⊙meeting,conference,negotiation(談判)

□

.state,country

Eg.：2個國家2□

＆and

△

.standfor,onbehalfof

Eg.:我代表你I△U

︰say,speak,tell,think.

Eg.:我想說我愛你I想︰I

.U

question,doubt,confusion.

Eg.:我有個問題想問你。

Ihave︰askU

"1)opinion,ideas.

Eg.:就這個問題，我想說幾點。I想︰幾"

.2）Eg.:我去年來北京了。I來BJ"y

注：年year(y)月month(m)日day(d)

去年"y明年

.y"前年︰y后年y︰

！drawattention

Eg.:信件結尾所用之bestwishes→U！！！

()including

Eg.:有5個人參加了這次會議，包括我。

Five?！?me)

Ⅳ數(shù)字

Thousand(th)

Million(m)

Billion(b)

AbbreviationsinNotetaking

Useonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremembereasily.Agoodideaistointroduceonlyafewabbreviationsintoyournotetakingatatime.

Symbolshelpfulinmath--thesearecommonlyusedintextsandreferences.

S

=

sum

f

=

frequency

Leaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.

cf

=

compare

e.g.

=

example

dept

=

department

Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.

pol

=

politics

dem

=

democracy

lib

=

liberal

cap

=

capitalism

Useentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable.

pres

=

presentation

subj

=

subject

ind

=

individual

cons

=

conservative

Eliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.

assoc

=

associate

biol

=

biology

info

=

information

ach

=

achievement

chem

=

chemistry

max

=

maximum

intro

=

introduction

conc

=

concentration

min

=

minimum

rep

=

repetition

Omitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonoftheword.

ppd

=

prepared

prblm

=

problem

estmt

=

estimate

bkgd

=

background

gvt

=

government

Useanapostropheinplaceofletters.

am't

=

amount

cont'd

=

continued

gov't

=

government

educat'l

=

educationalFormthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.

chpts

=

chapters

egs

=

examples

fs

=

frequencies

intros

=

introductions

Usegtorepresentingendings.

ckg

=

checking

estg

=

establishing

decrg

=

decreasing

exptg

=

experimenting

Spelloutshortwordssuchasin,at,to,but,for,andkey.

Abbreviationsorsymbolsforshortwordswillmakethenotestoodensewithshorthand.

Leaveoutunimportantwords.

Leaveoutthewordsaandthe.

Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substituteinitialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Forexample,CenterforAerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter.

Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.

&

=

and

w/

=

with

w/o

=

without

vs

=

against

\

=

therefore

=

=

isorequal

Usetechnicalsymbolswhereapplicable.

zb

=

German,forexample

ibid

=

Latin,thesamework

o

=

degrees

H2O

=

water

Morereference:

Usestandardmaths,accounting,andsciencesymbols.Examples:

+plus

//parallel

Usestandardabbreviationsandleaveoutfullstops.Examples:

egexample

ITdeptInformationTechnologydepartment

UKUnitedKingdom

Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.Examples:

marmarketing

cuscustomer

cliclient

Usetheentirefirstsyllableandthefirstletterofthesecondsyllable.Examples:

subjsubject

budgbudget

indindividual

Todistinguishamongvariousformsofthesameword,usethefirstsyllableoftheword,anapostrophe,andtheendingoftheword.Examples:

tech'gytechnology

gen'iongeneralisation

del'ydelivery

Usejustenoughofthebeginningofawordtoformarecognisableabbreviation.Examples:

assocassociated

achachievement

infoinformation

Omitvowelsfromthemiddleofwords,retainingonlyenoughconsonantstoprovidearecognisableskeletonoftheword.Examples:

bkgdbackground

mvmtmovement

prblmproblem

Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyadding's.'Examples:

custscustomers

fsfrequencies

/sratios

Use'g'torepresent'ing'endings.Examples:

decrgdecreasing

ckgchecking

estblgestablishing

Spellout,ratherthanabbreviateshortwords.Examples:

in

but

as

key

Leaveoutunimportantverbs.Examples:

is

was

were

Leaveoutunnecessaryarticles.Examples:

a

an

the

Ifaterm,phrase,ornameisinitiallywrittenoutinfullduringthetalkormeeting,initialscanbesubstitutedwhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Example:

JanuaryAdvertisingCampaignBudgetJACB

Usesymbolsforcommonconnectiveortransitionwords.Examples:

@at

2to

4for

&and

w/with

w/owithout

vsagainst

Createyourownsetofabbreviationsandsymbols.Youmaywishtodevelopseparatesetsofsymbolsandabbreviationsfordifferentcoursesorsubjects.

OtherSymbolsandAbbreviations

asaresultof/consequencesof<--->

resultingin--->

and/also+

equalto/sameas=

followingff

mostimportantly*

lessthan<

greaterthan>especiallyesp/一、縮略詞

英語當中縮略詞使用的頻率很高，如IMP:important,ASAP:assoonaspossible。很顯然如果能熟練掌握縮略詞，會對考試大有裨益。

縮略詞的寫法一般為四種方式：

F拿掉所有元音

MKT:market

MGR:manager

MSG:message

STD:standard

RCV:receive

F保留前幾個字母

INFOinformation

INSinsurance

EXCHexchange

IoweyouIOU

InsteadofI/O

F保留開頭和結尾個發(fā)音字母

WKweek

RMroom

PLpeople

F根據(jù)發(fā)音

Rare

THOthough

THRUthrough高級口譯聽力常用英語縮略詞表縮略詞原詞

APTApartment

ACCAccountant

ACDGAccording

ACPTAccept

ADAdvertisement

ADSAddress

ADVAdvice

AMAPAsmuch/manyaspossible

AMTAmount

APVApprove

ASAPAssoonaspossible

BALBalance

BLDGBuilding

CERTCertificate

CFMConform

CNCLCancel

CNFConference

CMICommission

CMPComplete

CMPECompete/competitive

CMUCommunication

CONCConcern/concerning/concerned

CONDCondition

CO.Company

DEPTDepartment

DISCDiscount

DPTDeparture

EXCHExchange

EXPLNExplain

EXTExtent

FLTFlight

FNTFinal

FRTFreight

FYRForyourreference

GDGood

GUARGuarantee

H.O.Homeoffice

INFOInformation

IMPSImpossible

IMP(T)Important

INCDInclude

INDIVIndividual

INSInsurance

INTSTInterested

I/OInsteadof

IOUIoweyou

IVOInviewof

MANUFManufacture

MDLModel

MEMOMemorandum

MGRManger

MINMinimum

MKTMarket

MSGMessage

NCRYNecessary

NLTNolaterthan

OBSObserve

OBTObtain

ORDOrdinary

PATPatent

PCPiece

PKGPacking

PLPeople

PLSPlease

POSNPosition

POSS(BL)Possible

PRODProduct

QLTYQuality

QUTYQuantity

RCVReceive

REFReference

REGLRegular

REPRepresentative

RESNReservation

RPTRepeat

RESPONResponsible

SECSection

SITNSituation

STDStandard

TELTelephone

TEMPTemporary

TGMTelegraph

THOThough

TKSThanks

TRDTrade

TRFTraffic

TTLTotal

UYou

URYour

WKWeek

WLWill

WTWeight

XLExtralarge二、字母、圖像

Z表示"人"people/person，因為"Z"看上去像個人頭，它通常被寫在一個詞或符號的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。

C表示政府，統(tǒng)治：government，govern希臘字母C讀/ga:ma/,近似government,所以就用C來表示govern,ernmentalofficial可以表示為CZ

P表示政治：politics,political希臘字母P讀/pai/,近似politics,political。那么politician就可以表示為PZ

E表示總數(shù)：total,totally,entire,entirely,onthewhole,allinall,tosumup,ect.

E數(shù)學符號表示總值。

G表示效率：efficient,effective。G為效率符號。

Q表示"通貨膨脹"：inflation因為這個符號酷似一個上升的氣球。

A表示農(nóng)業(yè):agriculture.agriculture經(jīng)常用到，所以用首字母代替。

B表示商業(yè)：business。

C×表示沖突，矛盾：conflict，confrontation"C×"中的"×"表示反對，字母"C"將反對的概念縮小為conflict和confrontation。

W表示工作，職業(yè):work,employ等。它是work的第一個字母。所以WZ就可以用來表示worker,而W(Z在字母上方表示employer,在字母下方表示employee)。

i表示工業(yè):industry,industrial字母i像只煙囪，所以用來可以用來表示工業(yè)。

UU看酷似一個酒杯，在筆記中表示合同、協(xié)議（treaty,agreement）一般只有在談判成功、協(xié)議成交后才會表示"舉杯祝賀"。如果在U內填入2××××，就可以表示為bilateral（雙邊的）,填入3表示為trilateral(三邊的)。填入在U中填入1表示:Unilateralism（單邊主義），填入m(multiple)表示多邊主義。如果在U上加一個"/"××××表示談判破裂。

O表示"國家"、"民族"、"領土"等：country,state,nation,etc.gO表示進口，Og表示出口

這個符號酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主辦：chair,host,presideover。那么在此符號上加Z表示主席，主持人：chairman,host,etc.

T表示"領導人"：leader,head那么headofgovernment,headofcompany便可以表示為CT

⊙圓圈表示一個圓桌，中間一點表示一盆花，這個符號就可以表示會議、開會等：meeting，conference，negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposium

k這個符號看上像條魚，所以表示"捕魚業(yè)"等合fishery有關的詞匯。

O圓圈代表地球，橫線表示赤道，所以這個符號就可以表示國際的、世界的、全球的等:international,worldwide,global,universal,etc.

J表示開心：pleasant,joyful，happy，excited,etc.

L表示不滿、生氣unsatisfied,discomfort,angry,sad,etc.

EO表示聽到、總所周之：asweallknow,asisknowntoall,asyouhavealreadyheardof,etc.

O表示漠不關心、無動于衷：indifferent,apathetic,unconcern,don'tcaremuch,etc.

三、箭頭

g表示到達、傳達：gointo，arriveat，giveto，sendto，presenttoetc.

表示導致、引導：leadto,resultin,inthedirectionof,etc.

表示屈服：submitto

f表示來自于：be/comefrom，return，receivefrom,etc.

表示追溯到：come/gobackto，originate

h表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend,etc.

表示發(fā)射、投放市場、發(fā)行：launch，open,start,etc.

表示發(fā)展、加強、推進：develop，strengthen，promote,etc

表示"波折"：upsanddowns,twistsandturns,etc.四、數(shù)學符號

+表示"多":many,lotsof,agreatdealof,agoodmanyof,etc.

++(+2)表示"多"的比較級：more

+3表示"多"的最高級：most

－表示"少":little,few,lack,inshortof/beinshortageofetc.

×表示"錯誤"、"失誤"和"壞"的概念：wrong/incorrect，somethingbad，notorious，negative,etc.

>表示"多于"概念：bigger/larger/greater/morethan/betterthan,etc.

表示"高"概念：superiorto，surpass,etc.

<表示"少于"概念：less/smaller，etc.

表示"低"概念：inferiorto，etc.

=表示"同等"概念：means，thatistosay，inotherwords，thesameas，beequalto,etc.

表示"對手"概念：amatch,rival,competitor,counterpart,etc.

()表示"在......之間"：among,within,etc.