八年級(jí)英語動(dòng)詞不定式用法梳理

八年級(jí)英語動(dòng)詞不定式用法梳理八年級(jí)英語動(dòng)詞不定式用法梳理八年級(jí)英語動(dòng)詞不定式用法梳理資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月八年級(jí)英語動(dòng)詞不定式用法梳理版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：八年級(jí)英語動(dòng)詞不定式用法梳理動(dòng)詞不定式是由“不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成的一種非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。有些動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，動(dòng)詞不定式可以作句子的主語、表語、賓語、定語、補(bǔ)語、狀語或單獨(dú)使用。不定式保留動(dòng)詞的某些特性，可以有自己的賓語、狀語等。動(dòng)詞不定式和它后面的賓語、狀語等一起構(gòu)成短語，叫作不定式短語。一、用作主語多數(shù)情況用it作形式主語，把真正的主語——?jiǎng)釉~不定式置于句末，特別是不定式短語較長(zhǎng)時(shí)。動(dòng)詞不定式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。疑問詞+不定式短語作主語可置于句首，復(fù)合不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語常置于句末。如：1.Itisourdutytotryourbesttodealwiththeseproblems.2.Theheadteachersaiditwasnecessarytotalkwithhismother.3.HowtolearnEnglishwellisimportant.4.Toseeistobelieve.(眼見為實(shí)；百聞不如一見)二、用作表語 動(dòng)詞不定式作表語，常說明主語的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特征。如：1.ThebestwayistojoinanEnglishclub.2.Thefirstthingistolistentotheteachercarefully.三、用作賓語1.可以接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求選擇同意(ask,choose,agree)，期望決定學(xué)習(xí)(expect,hope,decide,learn)，寧可假裝知道(prefer,pretend,know)，希望想要愿意(wish,want,wouldlike/love)。如：1)Wedecidedtotalktosomestudentsaboutwhytheygothere.2)Hepreferstoeatwhitebreadandrice.3)IdlovetovisitMexico.2.動(dòng)詞decide,know,learn,show,teach,tell...，介詞結(jié)構(gòu)on...可用疑問詞帶to的不定式短語作賓語，但why后面的不定式不帶to。如：1)Couldyoupleasetellmewheretoparkmycar?

2)Itgivesadviceonwhattodoinlotsofdifferentsituations.3.動(dòng)詞feel,find,make,think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語代替真正的賓語——?jiǎng)釉~不定式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是...feel/find/make/...it+adj./n.+todo...。如：4.感知?jiǎng)釉~like,love,know等一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。5.后接動(dòng)詞不定式或ving形式作賓語，意思差別較大的動(dòng)詞有forget,remember等。后接不定式作賓語，表動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；后接ving形式作賓語，表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。stoptodo停下來做另外一件事，todo是目的狀語；stopdoing停止做、不做當(dāng)前這件事，doing是賓語。trytodo盡力做，trydoing試試看；goontodo接著做另外的事，goondoing繼續(xù)做原來的事。如：1)WhenIlefthome,Iforgottobringitwithme.2)Istoppedusingthemlastyear.四、用作定語1.句子的主語或賓語是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語，不定式與其所修飾的名詞、代詞等存在邏輯的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系.1)Ihavesomanyclothestowashtoday.2)Ican’tthinkofanygoodadvicetogiveher.3)Wehavenohousestolivein.2.動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞是place,time,way等時(shí)，不定式與這些名詞呈現(xiàn)出動(dòng)狀關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系。如：1)Heneedstimetodohomework.2)Hewantstoknowthebestwaytotravelaroundthecity.3.在“therebe...”句型里，句子的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的對(duì)象：1)There’sjustsomuchtoseeanddohere.2)...buttherearestillmanythingstodothe五、用作賓語補(bǔ)足語1.帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求允許提議(ask,allow,,advise)，期望邀請(qǐng)鼓勵(lì)(expect,,invite,encourage)，教導(dǎo)告訴想要(teach,tell,want)，等待希望愿意(waitfor,wish,wouldlike/love)。如：1)Idinvitehertohavedinneratmyhouse.2Weshouldallowthechildrentochoosetheirownclothes.2.動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語，在主動(dòng)語態(tài)句里不帶to，被動(dòng)語態(tài)句里帶to時(shí)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞是感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，包括四“看”：lookat,observe,see,watch，三“讓”：have,let,make，二“聽”：hear,listento，一“感覺”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：1)Thispicturemakesmefeelexcited！2)WesawLiuYuplaybaseballlastweek.3.help后接動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語，to可帶可不帶。1)theycanhelpyoutolearnEnglish.2)UsingemailEnglishhelpsyouwritequickly.六、用作狀語1.目的狀語，置于句首或句末，置于句首時(shí)常表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：1)Inordertocatchtheearlybus,shegotupveryearly.2)Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.3)Shecametothiscitytovisitherdaughter.2.原因狀語，多見于“sb.+be+adj.+todo...”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1)Ifeelveryluckytohavehim.2)heranoutofmoneytobuyoldbikes.3.結(jié)果狀語，多見于“too...to”，“enoughto...”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1)I’mtootiredtodoitwell.2)Theroomisbigenoughforthreepeopletolivein.七、動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是“for/ofsb.todosth.”，for/of引出不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯主語。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞用for還是of，主要決定于前面形容詞的性質(zhì)。一般說來，of前面的形容詞是careful,clever,foolish,good,kind,nice,wise等，既說明人的特性，又說明不定式動(dòng)作的特性。for前面的形容詞是dangerous,difficult,easy,hard,heavy,important,interesting,necessary等，一般說明不定式動(dòng)作的特性，前面如果是名詞用for。如：1.It’sagoodideaforparentstoallowchildrentostudyingroupsduringtheevening.2.It’swiseofhimtodoitwell.3)Isitinterestingforthebabytoplaywithapetdog?

八、帶疑問詞的不定式短語動(dòng)詞不定式前面可以帶疑問代詞what,which,who或疑問副詞how,when,where,why等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞的作用，在句子里用作賓語、主語、表語等，或者單獨(dú)使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不帶to。如：1.用作句子的成分。1)Idon’tknowwhattotrynext.(作賓語)2)Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.(作主語)2.單獨(dú)使用時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)特殊疑問句。1)Whattodonext(=Whatwillwe/youdonext2)Whygothere(=Whydowe/yougothere

九、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not/nevertodo...，不帶to的不定式的否定式是not/neverdo...如：1.Theydecidenottotalktoeachother.2.Hisparentstellhimnevertoplaysoccerinthestreet.隨堂練習(xí)一動(dòng)詞填空。1.I’mgoingtolistentotheradio.Please____（nottalk）anymore.2.Thestudents____（do）theirhomeworkfromfourtofivethisafternoon.3.Thestudents____（be）busynow.They____（have）anEnglishexamnextMonday.4.Marymust____（look）afterherlittlesisterbecausesheistooyoung.5.____（he）youwaitingforabusnow？6.Thiscoatisverycheap.I____（take）itnow.7.I’lltellhimaboutitwhenhe____（come）back.8.Couldyoutellmehow.I____（canget）toNo3Middleschool.9.He____saidthatthenewteacher____（give）thestudentsanEnglishlessonnow.10.I____（milk）acowthreetimes.11.Edison’smother____（teach）himherself.12.He____（watch）TVonceaweek.13.Don’tspeakloudly.Thebaby____（sleep）.14.Iwon’tgooutuntil.I____（finish）myhomework.15.Couldyoutellmewhenthetrain____（arrive）.16.Ioftenhearthesoundofchildren____（read）Englishintheroom.17.Heaskedme____（help）himwithhisEnglishthisevening.18.Theirworkis____（clean）thestreets.19.Didheenjoy____（work）inChina.20.Wewillstayathomeifit_____（rain）tomorrow.21.Bequiet！Theboy____（sing）anEnglishsong.22._____you_____yourhomeworkyet（start）23.Who____（teach）themEnglishlastterm.24.There_____（be）atelephonecallforyoujustnow.25.Pleasekeepeverything____（clean）.26.Peterwon’thavearestuntilhe____（finish）hiswork.27.IwatchedTV，soI____（forget）_____（do）myhomework.28.WhenI____（walk）alongtheriver，Imetmyfriend，Tom.29.WhenMothercame，thelittlegirl____（play）withacat.30.WhenIwasfive，I____（get）toknowtheearth____（move）aroundthesun.31.They_____（see）aboy_____（fall）intotheriverwhilethey____（pass）ityesterday.32._____（study）hardatyourlessonsand（nottalk）inclass.33.You_____（have）better_____（noteat）thebadfood.34.WhileI___（do）myhomework，myparents__（watch）TV.35.He____（notfinish）____（read）thebook.36.I____（get）upveryearlythismorning.I____（read）Englishnow.37.He____（hurry）toschooleverymorning.38.Ourteacher____（notstop）____（work）untileleveno’clocklastnight.39.Ifhe____（know）it，he____（be）veryhappy.40.It____（take）ushalfanhour____（read）Englisheveryday.41.Thechildren____（run）inthestreetnow.42.There____（be）twomeetingstomorrowmorning.43.Myfather____（sleep）whenI____（get）upthismorning.44.WhenI____（go）toseeTom，he____（notwrite）anything.45.Sorry，whenyou____（call）me，I____（think）and____（nothear）you.46.Mr.Green____（leave）hisnotebookathomeyesterday.47.I____（want）tobuyanewcoatnextSunday.48.Hisfather____（read）newspaperwhenIgotthere.49.It____（be）fiveyearssincehe____（buy）themotorbike.50.Wefounditwasverydifficult____（get）acar.51.Wearesoglad________(hear)thenews.52.Isawhim________(cross)theroadsafelyand________(run)away.53.Youcan’tmakehim________(do)whatyouwant.54.Idon’tknowwhere________(meet)him.55.Whatmakesyou________(think)I’mafarmer?

56.Didyouseehim________(go)upstairs?

57.Itisbetter________(put)yourmoneyinabank.58.Itisdifficultfortheboy________(swim)acrosstheriver.59.Ilethim________(go)earlyashewanted________(meet)hisuncleatthestation.60.Willyouhelpme________(move)thebed?

61.Ifhedoesn’tknow,how________(use)therecorder,you’dbetter________(show)him.62.Heisthelastone________(leave)theofficeeveryday.63.It’sbadmanners________(shout)inpublic.64.Theboyisoldenough________(dress)himself.65.Sheistooill________(go)toschool.二選擇題

1.Tellhim___thewindow.

A.toclosenotB.nottocloseC.tonotcloseD.notclose

2.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.

A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning

3.You'dbetter__