2020屆二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解專題話題訓(xùn)練學(xué)案二十二：歷史與地理

2020屆二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解專題話題訓(xùn)練學(xué)案二十二： 歷史與地理PartAReadingPassage1題材:洋流研究 詞數(shù):332建議時間：8分鐘Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents（流）.Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhigh-techequipment.However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.Ascientistwithmanyyears'experience,hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates.Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswapmeetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.Ebbesmeyerfoundoutinhisresearchesthattheshoesabout60,000intotal—fellintotheoceaninashippingaccident.Hephonedtheshoecompanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoesback.Asexpected,thecompanytoldhimthattheydidn 't.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbeagreatexperiment.Ifhelearnedwhenandwheretheshoeswentintothewaterandtrackedwheretheylanded,hecouldlearnalotaboutthepatternsofoceancurrents.ThePacificNorthwestisoneoftheworld sbestareasforbeachcombingbecausewindsandcurrentsjoinhere,andasaresult,thereisagroupofseriousbeachcombersinthearea.Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthemandaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded.Inayearhecollectedreliableinformationon1,600shoes.Withthisdata,heandacolleaguewereabletotestandimproveacomputerprogramdesignedtomodeloceancurrents,andpublishthefindingsoftheirstudy.Astheresultofhiswork,Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean.Hehasevenstartedanassociationofbeachcombersandoceanexperts,with500subscribersfromWestAfricatoNewZealand.Theyhaverecordedalllostobjectsrangingfrompotatoestogolfgloves..TheunderlinedphraseswapmeetsinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto.A.fittingrooms B.tradingfairsC.businesstalks D.groupmeetings.Ebbesmeyerphonedtheshoecompanytofindout.A.whatcausedtheshippingaccidentB.whenandwheretheshoeswentmissingC.whetheritwasallrighttousetheirshoesD.howmuchtheylostintheshippingaccident.HowdidEbbesmeyerprovehisassumption?A.Bycollectinginformationfrombeachcombers.B.Bystudyingtheshoesfoundbybeachcombers.C.Bysearchingthewebforoceancurrentsmodels.D.Byresearchingoceancurrentsdatainthelibrary..Ebbesmeyerismostfamousfor.A.travelingwidelythecoastalcitiesoftheworldB.makingrecordsforanylostobjectsontheseaC.runningaglobalcurrentsresearchassociationD.phoningaboutanydoubtfulobjectsonthesea.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?A.Tocallpeople'sattentiontooceanpollution.B.Towarnpeopleofshippingsafetyintheocean.C.Toexplainauniquewayofstudyingoceancurrents.D.Togivetipsonhowtosearchforlostobjectsonthebeach.Passage2題材:文化遺跡詞數(shù):266建議時間:6分鐘Ourchildrenandgrandchildrenmaynothaveachancetovisitmanyofthemostfamousplacesaroundtheworld.War,weather,age,trafficandpollutiondamagethesefamousplaces.Lookingaftertheseplacesoftencostsmorethanonecountrycanafford.Intheearly1970s,worldgovernmentsdecidedthatiftheyjoinedtogether,theywouldbeabletopreserveourhistory.Ifeverycountrypaidsomemoney,theysaid,itwouldbepossibletolookaftermanyimportanthistoricplaces.Also,iftheydiscoveredthatamonumentneededurgenthelp,theywouldhavemoneyforrepairs.Forthesereasons,countriesaroundtheworldunitedtoformtheWorldHeritageOrganizationin1972.Today,theorganizationhelpstomaintai灘護(hù)）andrestorethemostimportantplacesinourhistory.However,oneofthebiggestproblemsforhistoricplacesisvandalism（人為破壞）.Peoplesometimesenterthesitesanddestroyordamagethebuildings.Atsomesites,suchasStonehengeinEngland,governmentshavebuilthighfencestoprotectthesitefromvandals.Therearemanydifferentideasabouthowtosolvetheproblemofvandalism.Someexpertssaythatifguardspatrolled（邏）thesites,vandalswouldnotbeabletogetin.Someexpertssaythatiftheyfixedmoretelevisioncameras,theywouldnotneedsomanyguards.Otherexpertssaythatthebestsolutioniseducation.Ifpeoplelearnedtorespecthistory,theywouldnotdestroyordamageit.Theywouldalsowanttospendmoneylookingafteroldplaces.Forthisreason,theWorldHeritageOrganizationhelpstospreadinformationaboutthevalueofhistoricsites.1.WhydidcountriesallovertheworldunitetoformtheWorldHeritageOrganization?A.Itwouldbeabletokeepourhistory.B.Itwouldbepossibletotakecareofimportanthistoricplaces.C.Theywouldhavemoneytodosomerepairsifamonumentneededhelp.D.Alloftheabove..Whichofthefollowingshowsustheactionofvandalism?A.Peopleenterthesitesanddestroyordamagethebuildings.B.Governmentsbuildhighfencestoprotectthesitefromvandals.C.Guardspatrolledthesitesandtheyfixedmoretelevisioncameras.D.Theyalsospendmoneylookingafteroldplaces..What'sthebestwaytosolvethebiggestproblemofdalism?A.Everycountryspendsmoremoneylookingaftertheseplacesoften.B.ToformtheWorldHeritageOrganization.C.Toomanyguardsareneededtopreventvandalsgettingin.D.Tomakepeopleknowinformationaboutthevalueofhistoricsites.PartBWriting一、話題語料積累.話題詞匯積累①[?h?tri]n.歷史，歷史學(xué)②[?slev?ri]n.奴隸制度③[d?skr?n?ne??i]n.歧視④[?fri?d?m]n.自由⑤[?i?v??lu??n.演變;進(jìn)化⑥[?fe?iR]n.公平;公正⑦[d?V??s]n離婚;脫離⑧[?n?l?d?]n.知識，學(xué)問⑨[?m?r?d?]n.結(jié)婚;婚姻⑩[k?n?ven??]n.大會;協(xié)定;習(xí)慣，慣例?[?se@]n.正式會議;開庭網(wǎng) [d??ens]（美defense）n防御;防務(wù)番[?v??t?u?]n.德，優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)?[?f??k?s]n.（興趣活動等的）中心，焦點FN [??ens]n五巳罪曲[?pr??l?d?]n.特權(quán)，特別待遇?[??D?l?d?i]n.辯解;道歉?[?m?b?s?d?]n.大使?[??D????]n.流產(chǎn)，墮胎?[??bs?ns]n.不在，缺席;缺乏，沒有?[??lt?tju?d]n海拔（高度）?[??D???ns]n.出現(xiàn)，露面;外貌，外觀爵[?e?i?]n.范圍；區(qū)域，地區(qū)財[?b?tl]n.戰(zhàn)役（指大規(guī)模會戰(zhàn)）;戰(zhàn)斗郃[?b?tlgra?nd戰(zhàn)場您[b?m]n.炸彈?[?b??d?n.邊境，國界?[?b?k?t]n.抵制行動?[k?m?pe?]n.（政治或商業(yè)性）活動，宣傳活動?[ke?/]n.洞穴;窯洞?[?t??nl]n.海峽;水渠?[?t??i?]n.中國；[小寫]chinan.[U]瓷器[?s??k?]n.馬戲團(tuán)，雜技團(tuán)?[?k?nt?i?nt]n.大陸，大洲?[?d/Str?<t]n.區(qū);地區(qū);區(qū)域?[?en?mi]n.敵人;敵軍?[?Vent]n.事件@[fl?g]nK,旗幟?[?fju?n??l]n.葬禮⑩[kR]n.&v.吻，親吻?[ma?]n.礦，礦井?pm的r^n.礦物;礦物質(zhì)?[?pen?n]n.養(yǎng)老金?[f?n?m?i?n]n.現(xiàn)象?[?p?l?si]n.政策，方針?[?sekn]n.部分，區(qū)域勘[sle初n.奴隸?[?smbl]n.符號，記號;象征.話題佳句積累MyhometownisasmallvillagenotfartheYellowRiver.我的家鄉(xiāng)是一個離黃河不遠(yuǎn)的小村莊。Theoldtowerhaslonghistoryof2,000years.這座古塔有2000年的悠久歷史。Egyptisan（Arab）countrywhichhasahistorydatingbackto5,000yearsago.埃及是一個歷史可追溯到5000年前的阿拉伯國家。Thenewstadium（situate）intheeastofthecity.這座新體育館坐落于城市的東部。Themonument,wasbuiltin1894,standsinthecenterofthesquare.這座紀(jì)念碑于1894年修建，位于廣場的中心。二、綜合練習(xí).詞句練習(xí)（1）根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子Weshouldnot（拆除）historicbuildingsatwill.Thegovernmentshould（制定政策）toencouragepeopletoprotectculturalrelics.Everyonehasresponsibilityto （保護(hù)城市遺產(chǎn)）.Chinahasalonghistoryand（燦爛的文化）.Thesehistoricbuildingscanhelpus（更好地了解）thepast.⑥Thisancienttombis（很有價值）.Itisthoughtforgettingabouthistoryis（一種背叛行為）.Thiscityhasitsown（特色）.Weshould（要求，呼吁）peopletopaymoreattentiontotheprotectionofancientbuildings.Theinventionofpaperwasagreatcontributionto（人類文明）.（2）翻譯句子①他可以把先祖追溯到詹姆斯一世。②她已拜過她的祖先③羅馬人修建這些紀(jì)念碑來紀(jì)念他們杰出的祖先④我們燒香來紀(jì)念我們的祖先⑤西方的萬圣節(jié)也起源于人們對逝者精神回歸所持有的古老的信仰。⑥建造這幢房子的人就是它現(xiàn)在主人的祖先⑦敬奉祖先的風(fēng)俗在這些人中是普遍的⑧這兩個物種有一個共同的祖先.段落練習(xí)調(diào)整下列句子的順序，使其成為一篇由三段構(gòu)成的文理通順的短文。It'sreallywickedtodoso.Ithinkthegovernmentandschoolsshouldteachpeoplemoreabouttheprotectionofculturalrelicsandeveryoneofusshouldtrytodosomethingfortheprotectionofculturalrelics.Theytellpeoplewhathappenedinthepastandthattheyaretherootsofacityoraplace.?Culturalrelicsrepresenthistoricculture.Forexample,thegovernmntmakespoliciestoregulatepeople sbehaviortowardstherelicsandcallforpeopletotakeactiontosavetheculturalrelics.AsfarasIknow,everycityistryingtoprotectitsculturalrelics.WhenIwastravelling,Icouldseesomecuttingorodddrawingonthehistoricplaces.However,somepeoplehavenosuchawarenessorevendoharmtotherelics.組成短文后的正確順序為： .篇章練習(xí)假如你是李華，你的美國朋友Sarah打算到巴西旅游，請你寫封回信，簡單介紹以下內(nèi)容：(1)巴西位于大西洋的西側(cè)，是南美洲最大的國家，面積約851萬平方公里。(2)有兩億多人口，多數(shù)集中在東部沿海地區(qū)。(3)首都巴西利亞(Brasilia)風(fēng)景秀麗。(4)里約熱內(nèi)盧(RiodeJaneiro)是巴西第二大城市。第31屆夏季奧運(yùn)會就是在這里舉行的。注意:(1)詞數(shù)不少于50;(2)信的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearSarah,ThankyouforyourletteraskingaboutBrazil.Hereissomethingaboutit.Yours,LiHua單選模擬仿真練I.They'vemovedtoadifferenthousetheirchildrencanattendabetterschool.A.incase B.aslongasC.sothat D.eventhough2.hisIDcard,Philiphadtogotothepolicestationinpersonandreapplyforanewone.A.HavinglostB.LosingC.Tolose D.Losebelievethattheworldisyouthinkitis.Sosmileattheworldanditwillsmileback.A.whatB.howC.thatD.which.—IwasveryangrywithKelvinyesterday.一Iknowyourfeelings,butifyouforgivehim,youabiggerman.A.havebeenB.wouldbeC.willbe D.were.—WhatdoyoudoasavolunteerinAfrica?一!Therearemanypoorpeoplethere.Theyneedalotofhelp.A.NoneB.SomethingC.LittleD.Everything.Arrivingatthepartyinagreathurry,weweredisappointedtofindthatthebandplaying.A.stoppedB.willstop

C.hasstoppedD.hadstopped.ThesignatGate8readsthatyoushowyourboardingpassandpassportbeforegettingontheplane.A.canB.mustC.mayD.would.Thisferryboattotransportpassengersbetweentheharborandtheislandforyears.A.isused B.wasbeingusedC.isbeingusedD.hasbeenused.ItisbecomingathreattotheChineselanguageandculturesomepeoplecan'twriteChinesecharactersproperly.A.which B.thatC.whetherD.how.thetravellingneedsofpassengers,ChinaRailwayCorporationhasdecidedthatpeoplecanbooktickets60daysinadvance.A.Meet B.TomeetC.Met D.Meeting.TheAlibabaGroup,wasfoundedin1999,hasbecomeChina'slargeste-commercecompany.A.which B.whatC.whose D.that.—Hi,Lucy!What'stheschedulefootcow?一Letmecheck.YouanappointmentwithThomasatthreeB.hado'clock.B.hadA.haveC.werehavingD.havehad.Peterwouldhavethechancetopresenthistalentsinthecompetitionnowifhelastterm.A.signedupB.hadsignedupC.signsupD.hassignedup14.Thereare12lampshangingtheceilingintherestaurant.A.onB.inC.fromD.aroundnSingapore,peopleeatingordrinkingonthesubwaycanbefinedupto500Singaporedollars.A.havingcaughtB.catching C.caughtD.catch答案Topic22歷史與地理PartAReadingPassage1［高級語塊］.makegreaterefforttodosth更努力地做某事.asaresultof由于 .bedesignedtodosth旨在做某事［高級句式］.Therewere_somanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswapmeetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.（so…tha且［導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，不定式短語totryandmatch…作目的狀語）.Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthemandaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded.（whe「e!l導(dǎo)賓語從句）［語篇解讀］本文是說明文，題材為科普知識與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)類。本文介紹了海洋專家CurtisEbbesmeyer根據(jù)海面上漂浮物的移動研究洋流的獨特方法。1.B猜測詞義題。由畫線短語后面的 “totryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear可猜測：此處swapmeetsf旨交易會，故選B項。.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知，給鞋業(yè)公司打電話的目的就是確認(rèn)鞋業(yè)公司要不要他們的鞋，以便利用那些鞋研究洋流的移動。故選擇C項。.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句EbbesmeyergottoknowalotofthemandaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslandedW知,Ebbesmeyerffi明自己的假設(shè)成立是通過從海灘拾荒者那里搜集信息來實現(xiàn)的。故選A項。.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，Ebbesmeyer對在海面上發(fā)現(xiàn)的任何不明物體都會打電話詢問。故選D項。.C主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第三句However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway.可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的就是介紹研究洋流的一種獨特的方法。故選擇C項。Passage2［高級語塊］I.lookafter照看;照料2.intheearly1970s在20世紀(jì)70年代初3.haveachancetodostlW機(jī)會做某事［高級句式］Otherexpertssaythatthebestsolutioniseducation.（th曲導(dǎo)賓語從句）［語篇解讀］本文闡述了藝術(shù)文化遺產(chǎn)所面臨的危機(jī)以及人們對這些問題所采取的補(bǔ)救、防范措施。.D由第二段可知選D項。.A根據(jù)第三段第二句可知選A項。.D根據(jù)最后一段最后四句可知選D項。PartBWriting一、話題語料積累.話題詞匯積累①history②slavery③discrimination?freedom⑤evolution⑥fairness⑦divorce⑧knowledge⑨marriage?conventionsessiondefence網(wǎng)virtue悔focus offence閔privilege心apology商|ambassadorI凰abortiona：absence問altitudeappearance慢〔area儂battleI瀏battleground陷Bomb border國boycott campaigncave園channel Chinacircuscontinentdistrict因enemy網(wǎng)eventI閱flag funeral卜陽kissmine〔"mineral桂pension㈤phenomenon國p