(word完整版)大學(xué)英語綜合教程2(秦秀白、張懷健版)課后練習(xí)答案

第一單元ListenandRespondTaskOneFocusingontheMainIdeasChoosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentencesaccordingtotheinformationcontainedinthelisteningpassage.Beforegraduatingfromcollege,thespeakerwasaskedto.makeapieceofcakefortheclasswritedownpeople'sresponsetohersmileobservehowpeoplesmileateachotheractkindlytosomeoneWhilewaitingforherturntogetherbreakfastatthelocalMcDonalds,thespeaker.wasreadytoservethetwopoorhomelessmenwhosmelledsawaterribledirtymanstandinginthelinefoundthatashortgentlemanwaswaitingforhismealD)noticedthatahomelessmanwassmilingatherThetwopoorhomelessmenwenttothelocalMcDonaldsto.A)warmthemselves B)havetheirbreakfastC)waitforsomeone D)searchforafriendlysmileAtthesightofthetwohomelessmen,thespeaker.turnedawayfromthemtojoinherfamilyorderedforthemtwocupsofhotcoffeeboughtthemtwobreakfastmealsaskedthemwhattheywantedtoeatAfterthespeakerturnedinher “project,"thespeaker'sprofessorandhclassmates.hadaheateddiscussionaboutsmileexchangedtheirunusualexperiencesweredeeplytouchedbyhersmileweregreatlymovedbyherstoryTaskTwoZoomingInontheDetailsListentotherecordingcarefullyand1llineachoftheblanksaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.Thespeakerisamotherofthreeandhasrecentlycompletedhercollegedegree.Thelastprojecttheprofessorassignedhertodowastogooutandsmileatthreepeopleandthenwritedowntheirreaction.Soonaftershewasassignedtheproject,shewentwithherfamilytothelocalMcDonaldsonacoldMarchmorning.Justwhentheywerestandinginline,waitingtobeserved,shesmelledahorrible“dirtybody"smell.Twopoorhomelessmenwerealsostandinginline.Theyjustwantedtositintherestaurantandwarmup,sotheyonlyaskedforcoffee.Obviously,itwasalltheycouldafford.Thenshewassuddenlyfilledwithsympathy.Alleyesintherestaurantweresetonher,judginghereveryaction.Shesmiledandboughtthetwohomelessmentwobreakfastmeals.Shereturnedtocollege,withthisstoryinhand.Sheturnedinherproject.’"Herprofessorreadittothewholeclass.Thewholeclasswastouched.Shegraduatedwithoneofthebiggestlessonsshewouldeverlearn—UNCONDITIONALACCEPTANCE.ReadandExploreTaskOneDiscoveringtheMainIdeas1AnswerthefollowingquestionswiththeinformationcontainedinTextA.Whydidn'ttheauthorstopforthehitchhiker?Hethoughtthatsomeoneelsewouldstopforhim.Andhewasafraidofapossiblerobbery.Didhefeelguiltyfornothelpingtheyoungman?No.Hedidn't.Buthewasbotheredbyhiseasyandquickdecisionofleavingtheyoungmanstrandedaloneinthedesert.WhydidtheauthordecidetostarthisjourneyacrossAmericapennilessly?HewantedtotestifapersoncouldstillrelysolelyonthekindnessofstrangersorthegoodwillofhisfellowAmericansthesedays.Whatdidhediscoverashetravelled?Hefoundoutthatotherssharedhisfear.Yettheystillstubbornlyhelpedstrangerslikehim.Whathadhappenedtothetruckertheauthormetonarainyday?Hewasoncerobbedatknifepointbyahitchhiker.WhatconclusiondidtheauthordrawfromhisexperiencesmentionedinParas.15T8?Hefoundthatpeopleweregenerallycompassionate.Andthosewhohadtheleasttogiveoftengavethemost.WhydidCarolinvitetheauthortotalktoherclassabouthistrip?Shethoughtthechildrenshouldbeexposedtowhatelsewasoutthere—thegoodandthebad.Whatconclusiondidtheauthormakeabouthistripwhenhetalkedtothestudents?HeconcludedthathisfaithinAmericahadbeenrenewedandthatpeoplecouldstilldependonthekindnessofstrangers.2TextAcanbedividedintothreepartswiththeparagraphnumber(s)ofeachpartprovidedasfollows.Writedownthemainideaofeachpart.Part:One;Paragraph(s):1ZMainIdea:Becauseofapastexperienceofneglectingahitchhikerinneedofhelp,theauthordecidedtotravelacrossAmericawithoutanymoneytofindoutifonecouldstillrelyonthekindnessofstrangersthesedays.Part:Two;Paragraph(s):8 -28;MainIdea:Duringhistrip,hefoundoutthatpeopleweregenerallycompassionateandwillingtohelpalthoughtheymighthavefears.Part:Three;Paragraph(s):29-31;MainIdea: HetalkedtoschoolchildrenandconcludedinapatrioticmannerthatinAmericapeoplecouldstilldependonthekindnessofstrangers.TaskTwoReadingBetweentheLinesReadthefollowingsentencescarefullyanddiscussinpairswhattheauthorintendstosaybytheitalicizedparts.Inthemiddleofthedesert,Icameuponayoungmanstandingbytheroadside.Hehadhisthumboutandheldagascaninhisotherhand.(Para.1)Bydoingso,theyoungmanwastellingthepassingdriversthathewantedtohitchhikeashiscarhadrunoutofgas.TheweekIturned37,IrealizedI 'dnevertakenagambeanamylife.7)ThisweekIwouldbe37yearsold,yetIrealizedthatIhadalwaysbeenverycarefulinmylifeandIhadnevertakenarisk,forexample,trustingonthekindnessofothers.Itwouldbeacashlessjourneythroughthelandofthealmightydollar.(Para.7)Theauthorisbeingabitsarcastichere.HewouldtakenomoneywithhimandtravelacrosstheUS,whereitisbelievedthatmoneycandoeverythingandanything.Thephrase"almightydollar"isaplayfulallusiontothefamiliarterm"AlmightyGod"YetIwastreatedwithkindnessineverystateItraveled.IwasamazedbythestubborncapacityofAmericanstohelpastranger,evenwhenitseemedtoruncontrarytotheirownbestinterests.(Para.11)IwasamazedbythecontinualshowofkindnessofmyfellowAmericans,eventhoughhelpingastrangerwouldmeantakingarisk.Ididn'tknowwhethertokissthemorscoldthemforstopping.(Para.13)Theauthorhadmixedfeelings:whethertokissthetwowomenfortheirkindness,orgivethemalessonbycautioningthemnottotrustanystranger,fortheycouldhaverunintoabadpersoninsteadofhimself.CheckingYourVocabularyWordDetective1ChoosethedefinitioninColumnBthatbestmatcheseachitalicizedwordinColumnA.cd3)a4)j5)h6)beigf2Asynonymisawordthathasthesameornearlythesamemeaningasanotherword.Anantonymisawordthatmeanstheoppositeofanotherword.WriteSbeforeeachpairofsynonymsandAbeforeeachpairofantonyms.ThefirstwordineachpairistakenfromTextBandthecorrespondingparagraphnumberhasbeenindicatedforyou.Example:S_virtually,almost(Para.1)Sgovern,control(Para.3)Ssignal,sign(Para.4)Sparticipate,join(Para.5)Aheave,lower(Para.6)Scollapse,fall(Para.7)Sestablish,found(Para.10)Slocate,situate(Para.10)Aoccasional,frequent(Para.15)CheckingYourComprehension1AnswerthefollowingquestionswiththeinformationcontainedinTextB.Whatistheauthorandhiswife 'sopinionaboutbecomingatruefriendtosomeonewhosenametheydon'tknow?Theauthorandhiswifeusedtothinkthatitwasvirtuallyimpossibletobeatruefriendtosomeonewhosenametheydidn 'tknow.Butnowtheyrealizetheywerewrong.YearsofSunday-morningbustripthroughthecitywiththesame“nameless"peoplehavecompletelychangedtheirthinking.WhydoestheauthorsaythattakingtheSunday-morningbustriprequiresteamworkthoughtheydon'tknoweachother'snames?Thereisalwaysthesamegroupofregularpassengers.Thebusdriverandthepassengersactedroutinelywithduecareandattention,asiftheywerecooperatinginateam.Thedrivershouldperformhisdutieswellandthepassengersshouldobeythewrittenandunwrittenrules.Thereshouldbenosmoking,nolittering,andeveryoneshouldbehaveinapoliteanddecentmanner.Undersuchcircumstances,namesarenolongerimportant.WhatcanwelearnaboutthesilentwomanfromPara.5?Thesilentwomanalwayssitsupfrontandneverrespondstoothers ’gHerwornclothingsuggeststhatsheisnotrich.However,sheisconsiderateenoughtobringthebusdriveracupofcoffeeeachtimeshetakesthebusride.Whydoesthefactorysecurityguardalwaysslumpdowninhisseatwithhiseyesclosed?Hehasjustcomeoffalongnightshiftandhefeelssleepyandtired.WhywasthebusverylateoneSundaymorning?Onthatmorningaregularpassengercollapsedonthesidewalkashewasmovingforwardtoboardthebus.Theotherpassengerstriedtohelphimandwaitedwithhimforanambulancetoarrive.WhatdoyouknowabouttheMexicancouple?TheMexicancoupleloveeachotherverymuch.Theyalwaysboardthebushandinhandandarestillholdinghandswhentheygetoffthebus.Thewomanwaspregnantlatelastyearandnowtheyhaveanewbaby.AlltheregularpassengersfeelhappyfortheyoungMexicancouple.WhydothepassengersenjoythecompanyofagroupofHaitians?TheHaitianshaveagreatsenseoffun.Thepassengersarealldelightedtohavetheircompany.TheyalwayschuckleandnodwhentheHaitiansareallaboard.Whyisthewomanwhositsupfrontalwayssilent?Shehasaspeechimpediment.Talkingishardforher.Whatdoyouknowaboutthesilentwoman ’sfamilylife?Sheisasinglemotherwithadisabledsonwhoisreceivingspecialcareawayfromhome.Shelivesaloneandfeelslonelyandmisseshersonverymuch.TheSunday-morningbusrideisthebestthingshedoesallweek,andanoccasionalvisittothefishrestaurantisalmostasgoodasthesecondbestthing.SheridestheSunday-morningbussimplyforthecompanionshipofthedriverwhosenameshedoesn'tknow,butwhoappreciatesthehotcoffeeshebrings.Howdidtheauthorandhiswifefeelaboutthedinnerwiththesilentwoman?Theyallhadawonderfultime.Forthesilentwoman,anoccasionalvisittothefishrestaurantwasapleasantexperienceandthistimeitwasevenbetterwiththecompanionshipoftheauthorandhiswife.Theauthorandhiswifealsoenjoyedthedinnerandtheyfeltthatthefishhadnevertastedbetter.Whentheylefttherestaurant,theywerealreadyfriendswitheachother.Andtheysharedtheirnames.2ReadthefollowingstatementsandthendecidewhethereachofthemistrueorfalsebasedontheinformationcontainedinTextB.WriteTforTrueandFforFalseinthespaceprovided beforeeachstatement.TOnSundaystheauthorandhiswifetakethebustogotochurchregularlyforyears.FThebusdriverisrequiredtorememberthestopofeveryregularpassenger.(Heisnotrequiredtodoso.Buthemakesithisbusinesstorememberwhereeveryregularpassengershouldgetoffthebus.)FThesilentwomanalwaysgetsthedriveracupofcoffeebecausesheiswell-off.(Thewornclothingofthesilentwomansuggestsshedoesn'thavemuchmoneytospare,butshealwaysclutchesanextracupofcoffeeforthedriver.)FThedriverhastowakeupthefactorysecurityguardeverytimeandremindshimofgettingoffthebus.(Thesecurityguardcloseshiseyesuntiltheprecisemomentthatthebusapproacheshisstop.Then,heopenshiseyesandgetsoffthebus.)TTherotundfellowisverygratefulbecauseotherpeoplehavehelpedhim.TThepassengersenjoytheirridetogetherandwordsornamesarenotnecessarytothem.FTheauthorandhiswifedevelopedagoodrelationshipwiththesilentwomanaftertakingthesamebusforsomemonths.(Formanymonths,theonlysadnessfortheauthorandhiswifeisthattheycan'testablishthesamerapportwiththesilentwoman.)FTheyfoundtheirfishtastedbetterbecausetheysharedagooddinnerwiththesilentwoman.(Theyfoundtheirfishtastedbetterbecausetheyhadfinallylearnedthestoryofthesilentwomanandmadefriendswithher.)EnhanceYourLanguageAwarenessWordsinActionWorkingwithWordsandExpressions1Intheboxbelowaresomeofthewordsyouhavelearnedinthisunit.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththewordsgiven.Changetheformwherenecessary.Myneighboursareafriendlybunchofpeople.Daveamazedhisfriendsbyleavingawell-paidjobtotravelaroundtheworld.Theemployeesinthiscompanyworkaneight-hourshift.Theprofessorcametotheclassroomwithabundleofnewspapersunderhisarm.Apassengeraskedthedriver: "dCopulchyocuffnearthepostoffice?I'dliketopostaletter. ”Thelittlegirl capacitysorlearninglanguagesastonishedme.HowmanycountrieswillbeparticipatingintheOlympicGames?IlikethetypicallyFrenchstyleofliving.Itissoromantic.Theyhavemadetheirfortunesfromindustryandcommerce.Theythreatenedtoshoothimandrobhimofallhispossessions.Inmanycultures,thelionisthesymbolofcourage.Yourhelpwasgreatlyappreciated.Weareverygratefultoyouforit.It'sthefirsttimethepaintinghasbeendisplayedtothepublic.Duringtheexam,thenaughtyboytriedtoslipanotetohisclassmatewhiletheteacherwasn'tlooking.Asthesayinggoes,conquerthedesires,ortheywillconqueryou.Beforethedinnerparty,Motherhasorderedaroastfromthebutcher.Ididn'twaitforyouathomebecausfiguredthatyouwouldn'tcome.2Intheboxesbelowaresomeoftheexpressionsyouhavelearnedinthisunit.Doyouunderstandtheir meanings?Doyouknowhowtousetheminthepropercontext?Nowcheckforyourselfbydoingtheblank-fillingexercise.Changetheformwherenecessary.Inthispainting,asingleredrosestandsinrichcontrasttothegrassland.Thefactoryworkersareexposedtopoisonousgasesandmanyofthemsufferfromlungdiseases.Duringthewar,thesoldierriskedhislifehelpingotherstoescape.Dotrustme.Youcanrelyonmetokeepyoursecret.Ifyouareattackedorrobbedatknifepoint,howwouldyoureactthen?Sheissuchanextraordinarygirlthatshealwaysstandsoutinacrowd.Obviously,thisfoolishidearunscontrarytocommonsense(常識).Iwasverytiredandhadtoflagdownataxiinordertogethomeearly.Themotherpicks/pickedupherchildrenfromthekindergartenat5:00p.m.everyday.Thepublisherstookagambleonanunknownauthor,andthebookshavesoldwell.Thedriverwavedtousashepulledaway.Thedriverpulledovertothesideoftheroadtoseewhatwaswrongwithhistruck.IncreasingYourWordPower1CollocationsLookattheadverbslistedintheboxbelow,anddecidewhichadverbisneededtocollocatewiththeverbineachsentence.Fillthecorrectadverbintotheblankinthesentence.Thesamewordmaybeusedinmorethanonesentence.Consultadictionaryifnecessary.Noneedtothankme—Iwasjustgladtohelpoutafriend.Yesterdayadrunkenmanwasrunoverandkilledbyabus.WhenIlookbackonmycollegedays,Ican 'tbelievethecrazythingswedidasstudents.HelooksdownonhiscolleaguesbecausehehasaPhDdegreebuttheydon'thave.Apolicemanwasstandingbythesideoftheroad,signalingtometopullover.Peterdidn'thaveanywheretostaysoSarahputhumpforafewdays.Don'tworry.Everythingwillturnoutwell.Youpromisedyouwoulddoit.Whydidyougobackonyourword?Theirbusinesswaslosingmoneysotheyhadtoclosedown

10)Youcan10)YoucanIgaveupsmokingwhenIgotpregnant.Thedoctorcheckedheroveryesterday.AllthetestswereOKandsheseemedtobefine.Shetendstohangbackinacrowdbecausesheissoshy.WhatproblemsshouldIwatchoutforwhenbuyinganoldhouse?Idon 'twanttobecheated.Theyofferedherthejobbutshedidn'tlikeitandturnedidown.It'shardtocomfortSandra.Shedoesn 'tseemheremotger 'sdeath.Studythedifferentmeaningsofthewordthaninthefollowingsentences.Task:Nowputthefollowingsentences intoEnglish, usingthaninyourtranslation.1)行動比言語更響亮。Actionspeakslouderthanwords.2)這兒的生產(chǎn)需要低于攝氏25度的溫度。Productionhereneedstemperatureslowerthan25degreesCelsius.3)我喜歡保存東西而不是把它們?nèi)拥?。Iliketokeepthingsratherthanthrowthemaway.4）這里除了我之外沒有別人Thereisnobodyhereotherthanme.5)她寧愿辭職也不愿為那位老板干活。She'dratherleaveherjobthan(beforcedto)workforthatboss.WordBuildingPrefixesofNumbersInEnglishtherearesomeprefixesthatquantify( 量化)overtheirbasewords'meaning.NowmatcheachoftheEnglishwordsinColumnAwithitsChinesemeaninginColumnB.Youmayconsultadictionaryifnecessary.dknjagfbomPechilGrammarinContextTask1:Chooseeithertheinfinitiveformorthe-ingformoftheverbinbracketstocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.WhenIsawJohninhisroom,hewasbusypreparing(prepare)hislessons.I'dliketotakethisopportunity。thank(thank)allofyouforcomingtojoinustonight.Mytransistorradioisn 'tworkingreptaneeds/toberepaired(repair).Theyfounditimpossibletoget(get)everythingreadyintime.Iamusedtostudying(study)withMr.Jonesandthereforeprefernottochangetoanotherteacher.Allthewomenintheofficeobjectedtobeingtreated(treat)likethis.Imustgonow.Ican missrnsk(miss)thelasttrain.ThePresident'satt4mpiduce(reduce)inflationwerequitesuccessful.Heisalwaysthelastonetoleave(leave)theoffice.It'snoworrying(worry)aboutyourchild.He 'sgrownup.Task2:CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseinbracketsintoEnglish,payingattentiontotheuseofthe-ingformandthe-edformofverbs.Whentheoldmanwastellingthestory,somechildrenkeptnodding(不住地點頭)whilesomeotherslookedratherconfused(很迷惑).Fallenleaves(落葉)willeventuallyturnintofertilizerservingotherplants.Thethreeboysweresosurprised(吃驚)tofindtheescapedprisonerhiding(正躲在)behindthedoor.Deeplymoved(被深深地感動了)bythepoorbuthard-workingboy,thecoupledecidedtopayforhissecondaryeducation.Anyonefollowing(聽從)thisadvicewouldfindhimselfintrouble.Being(作為)universitystudents,weshouldbeinterested(對??感興趣)inwhatisgoingonintheworld.Thebulkoftheworld'rasinforests,97percent,arelocated(位于)in27developingcountries.Ifshecatchesyoureading(在讀)herdiary,she'llbeangry.ClozeCompletethefollowingpassagewithwordschosenfromTextA.Theinitialletterofeachisgiven.Couldanyonerelyonthekindnessofstrangersthesedays?Onewaytotestthiswouldbeforapersontojourneyfromcoasttocoastwithoutanymoney,relying(1)solelyonthegoodwillofhisfellowAmericans.Theideaintrigued(2)me.SoIdecidedtomakeatripfromthePacificCoasttotheAtlanticCoastwithoutapenny(3).IroseearlyonSeptember6,1994,andheadedfor(4)theGoldenGateBridge.Duringthesixweeks'journey,Ihitched82ridesandcovered(5)4,223milesacross14states.Iwastreated(6)withkindnessineverystateItravelledacross.Iwasamazed(7)bythestubborncapacityofAmericanstohelpastranger,evenwhenitseemedtoruncontrary(8)totheirownbestinterests.Ifoundthatpeopleweregenerally(9)compassionate.HearingIhadnomoneyandwouldtakenone,peopleineverystateboughtmefoodorsharedwhatever(10)theyhappenedtohavewithme.InJamestown,Tennessee,ascienceteacherinvited(11)metotalktoherclassaboutmytrip.Allthekidswerewell-manneredandattentive(12).Theirquestionskeptcoming.ItoldthestudentshowproudIwastoliveinacountrywhere(13)peoplewerestillwillingtohelpoutastranger.Itoldthem, “Nomatterare,youcanstilldependonthekindnessofstrangers. ”TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsandexpressionsgiveninbrackets.1)離婚的傳言不過是為他的新電影炒作的手段而已。 (aploytodosth.)Therumorabouthisdivorceisjustaploytogainpublicityforhisnewfilm.2)他孤注一擲，用父母留給他的所有錢來開一家工廠。 (takeagambleonsth.)Hetookagambleonstartingafactorywithallthemoneyhisparentshadlefthim.3)贏得那場重要的比賽之后，他們把隊長抬到肩膀上，歡呼著勝利。 (hoist…to…)Afterwinningtheimportantgametheyhoistedtheircaptaintotheirshouldersinshoutingtriumph.4)在全球化熱潮中，我們要提防不同文化的沖突。 (watchoutforsth.)Intherushtogoforglobalization,weshouldwatchoutforcollisionofcultures.5)在這種情況下，出現(xiàn)麻煩是不足為奇的。 (inthecircumstances)Inthecircumstancesitwasnotsurprisingthattherewastrouble.6)這嬰兒非常健康。(thepictureof)Thebabyistheverypictureofhealth.7)人們已經(jīng)意識到兒童接觸有關(guān)暴力和色情電視節(jié)目的危害。 (exposesb.tosth.)PeoplehaverealizedthedangersofexposingchildrentoviolenceandsexonTV.8)我們始終考慮到我們是在為誰制作這部影片。(haveinmind)Wealwayshadinmindforwhomweweremakingthefilm.翻譯一年夏天，我從家鄉(xiāng)加利福尼亞州的塔霍城開車前往新奧爾良。 ■在沙漠深處，我碰到一個年輕人站在路旁。他一只手打出拇指向外的手勢，另一只手里拿著一個汽油罐。我直接從他身邊開過去了。別人會停下來的，我想。再說，那汽油罐只是個讓車停下、好搶劫司機的幌子而已。在這個國家，曾有那么一段時間，你要是對需要幫助的人置之不理，大家會認(rèn)為你是混蛋，而如今你要是幫了你就是笨蛋。到處潛伏著犯罪團伙、吸毒上癮者、殺人犯、強奸犯、盜竊犯還有劫車犯，為什么要冒險呢？ 我不想卷進去”已經(jīng)成為全國性的信條。開過了幾個州以后，我還在想著那個想搭便車的人。把他一個人留在沙漠中倒并沒有讓我有多么不安。讓我不安的是，我多么輕易地就做出了這個決定。我甚至根本沒把腳從油門上抬起來。我很想知道，現(xiàn)在還有人會停車嗎？我想到我此行的目的地 ——新奧爾良。 那里是田納西 ?威廉姆斯的劇作 《欲望號街車》的背景地。我回想起布蘭奇 ?杜波依斯的名句： “我總是依賴陌生人的善意。 ”陌生人的善意。聽起來好怪。如今這年頭還有誰能指望陌生人的善意嗎？要驗證這一點，一個辦法是一個人從東海岸旅行到西海岸，不帶一分錢，完全依靠美國同胞的善意。 他會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個什么樣的美國？誰會給他飯吃、 讓他歇腳、 捎他一程呢？這個念頭激起了我的好奇心。但誰會這么不切實際、愿意去嘗試這樣一次旅行呢？好吧，我想，那不如我來試試？滿37歲那個星期，我意識到我這輩子還從沒冒過什么險呢。所以我決定來個觀念的跨越，美洲大陸那么寬 ——從太平洋去大西洋，不帶一分錢。要是有人給我錢，我會拒絕。我只接受搭順風(fēng)車、提供食物和讓我歇腳的幫助。這將是在這片金錢至上的土地上的一次身無分文的旅行。 我的最終目的地是北卡羅來納州的 “恐懼角”（即開普菲爾） ，它象征著我沿途必須克服的所有恐懼。1994年9月6日，我早早起床，背起一個 50磅重的包，朝金門橋走去。我從背包里拿出一個牌子，向過路的車輛展示我的目的地： “美利堅”。司機們隔著擋風(fēng)玻璃念出這個詞， 然后笑了。 兩個女人騎自行車經(jīng)過。 “有點含混，其中一個說。一名帶有德國口音的年輕男士走上前來問， “你這個‘美利堅'”在哪兒？”實際上，整整六個星期的時間里我試圖找出答案。我搭了 82次便車，行程 4223英里，穿越了 14個州。在旅途中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)其他人跟我一樣有擔(dān)心。人們總是在警告我當(dāng)心別的某個地方。在蒙大拿州，他們叫我留神懷俄明州的牛仔，而在內(nèi)布拉斯加州，人們提醒我說艾奧瓦州的人可不如他們友好。然而，在我所去的每個州，我都受到了友善的對待。我詫異于美國人執(zhí)意幫助陌生人的能力，甚至于在看來與自己的最大利益相沖突時他們也絕不袖手旁觀。有一天，在內(nèi)布拉斯加，一輛四門小轎車在路肩停下。我走到車窗邊，看到兩位穿著節(jié)日盛裝的瘦小老婦人。“我知道這年頭不該帶搭便車的， 但這里前不著村后不著店的， 不停車感覺真不好。自稱“維”的司機說。她和姐姐海倫是去內(nèi)布拉斯加的安斯沃思看眼科醫(yī)生的。她們?yōu)槲彝Ａ塑?，我都不知道是該親吻她們呢還是該責(zé)備她們。這個女人是在告訴我，她寧肯冒生命危險也不愿意因為沒為一個站在路邊的陌生人停車而感到內(nèi)疚。她們在一個高速路口把我放下時，我望著維。我們倆異口同聲地說， “小心?！庇幸淮挝以谟曛袥]能搭上便車。 一名長途卡車司機停了車， 他把剎車踩得那么重，車子都在草地路肩上滑行了一段。司機告訴我他有一次被搭便車的人持刀搶劫了。 “但我不愿意看到有人在雨里站著。 ”他補充說， “現(xiàn)在大家都沒有良心了?！比欢?，我發(fā)現(xiàn)，總體而言，人們還是挺有同情心的。艾奧瓦州一對中年夫婦為了幫我找宿營地領(lǐng)著我走了一個小時。在南達(dá)科他州，一個女人讓我在她家住了一晚之后遞給我兩張貼了郵票的明信片： 一張是讓她知道我這趟旅行結(jié)果如何； 另一張是要第二天寄出的，告訴她我在哪里，免得她為我擔(dān)心。聽說我沒錢，又不愿意接受錢，每個州的人們都會給我買食物或者和我分享他們手頭有的東西。在加州的尤凱亞，一位國家公園管理員給了我一些胡蘿卜，一名大學(xué)生給了我?guī)状蟠袡C西紅柿和瓜類。艾奧瓦州的一名婦女給了我兩大包全麥餅干，兩罐果汁汽水、兩個金槍魚罐頭、兩個蘋果和兩塊雞肉。擁有最少的人往往給予的最多。在俄勒岡一個叫邁克的房屋油漆工注意到天氣十分寒冷，就問我有沒有外套。我回答說 “有件薄的 ”，他開車帶我去他家，翻遍了車庫，遞給我一件肥大的綠色軍大衣。在俄勒岡的另一個地方，一個叫蒂姆的鋸木廠工人邀請我去他們破舊的家里和他家人一起吃了頓簡單的晚餐。他給了我一本《圣經(jīng)》，然后又要把家里的帳篷給我。我拒絕了，因為我知道那極有可能是這家人最值錢的一樣?xùn)|西了。 然而蒂姆執(zhí)意讓我接受，所以最后我只好同意。我感激我所遇到的所有人，感謝他們讓我搭車，給我食物，給我提供住處，送我禮物。但最友善的舉動是，他們是那么自然真誠。有一天，我走進了田納西州的詹姆斯敦一家當(dāng)?shù)厣虝Ｔ谶@座古老建筑里一個男人從他凌亂的桌子旁站起身。 “請進，”59歲的巴克斯特 ?威爾遜說。他是那兒的執(zhí)行會長。我向他打聽在當(dāng)?shù)芈稜I的事。他遞給我一本當(dāng)?shù)芈稜I地的小冊子。 “需要我?guī)湍愦螂娫拞幔?”他問。我一看露營得花 12美元，就回答， “不用了，沒事。我也不知道我該怎么做。”這時他看見了我的背包。 “這里差不多每個人都會讓你在他們的地里支帳篷的，如果那是你所想要的話。 ”他說。這話就對了，我想。 “有沒具體的方位？ ”我問。要是你五點半能在這兒,跟你說吧，我有個大農(nóng)場，在從這兒往南大概10英里我可以開車帶你去?！币悄阄妩c半能在這兒,我接受了，于是我們開車去了一幢華麗的鄉(xiāng)村住宅。突然，我意識到他是邀請了我到他家過夜。我們走進廚房時，他的妻子卡蘿爾正在燉牛肉塊。她是一名七年級的科學(xué)老師，簡直就是南方魅力的化身。巴克斯特解釋說，當(dāng)?shù)厝耸遣粣弁獬龅纳嚼锶恕?，他覺得自己也是這么一個人。我們很少在家里招待客人，”他說，招待的話，一般是親戚?！彼倪@番透露讓我那一夜變得更加不同尋常。第二天我下樓時，卡蘿爾問我愿不愿意去學(xué)校跟她班上的孩子們談?wù)勎业穆眯?。我告訴她我可不想慫恿一幫七年級的孩子去搭便車游遍美國， 但卡蘿爾說孩子們應(yīng)該接觸到外面的世界是什么樣子——包括好的一面和壞的一面。他們需要了解真相，”她說。我同意了。沒過多久，我就被安排給學(xué)校每個班講話。所有的孩子都彬彬有禮而且聚精會神。他們的問題不斷冒出來：哪兒的人們最友善？我穿壞過多少雙鞋？有沒有人試圖軋死我？別的地方的豬腳也有這么好嗎？我有沒有愛上過誰？我最害怕的是什么？盡管我并沒有打算這么做，我發(fā)現(xiàn)愛國主義的語調(diào)貫穿了那天下午的講話。我告訴學(xué)生們，我對美利堅的信念如何重新燃起了。我告訴他們，生活在一個人們?nèi)匀辉敢鈳椭吧说膰壤?，我有多么自豪。我告訴他們，我當(dāng)初計劃這次旅行時腦子里的問題已經(jīng)得到明確的解答。的確，不管你是誰，你仍然可以依賴陌生人的善意。第二單元選擇樂觀里奇？德沃斯假如你預(yù)料某事結(jié)局不妙，結(jié)果可能真會如此。悲觀的想法很少落空。不過這個法則反過來也成立。假如你覺得會有好事發(fā)生，通常就會交上好運！樂觀與成功之間似乎有一種天然的因果關(guān)系。樂觀和悲觀都具有強大的力量，我們每個人必須選擇其一，來塑造自己的前途和理想。每個人的生命中都有足夠的幸運與不幸 ——豐富的哀傷和喜悅、充足的歡欣與痛苦——令我們找到或樂觀或悲觀的理由。我們可以選擇哭或是笑、祝?；蚴窃{咒。這完全取決于我們自己：用什么樣的眼光去看待生活？是積極向上，還是垂頭喪氣？我信守積極向上的態(tài)度。對積極的東西我濃墨重彩，對消極的東西則一筆帶過。我是樂天派，既是天生如此，也因后天選擇所致。誠然，我知道生命中會有傷痛。我已經(jīng)七十多歲了，經(jīng)歷過不止一次的危機。但是，當(dāng)一切塵埃落定，我發(fā)現(xiàn)生命中的美好遠(yuǎn)比丑惡多。樂觀的態(tài)度不是奢侈品，它是我們生活的必需品。你看待生活的方式將決定你的感受、你的表現(xiàn)，以及你與他人相處得怎樣。反過來，悲觀的想法、態(tài)度和期待也會自成因果：它們是能自我實現(xiàn)的預(yù)言。悲觀會制造出無人愿往的黑暗之地。多年前，我驅(qū)車去一個加油站加油。那天天氣很好，我的心情也不錯。當(dāng)我走進加油站付油錢時，服務(wù)員問我： “你感覺怎樣？ ”這問題有點古怪，不過，我感覺很好，于是便照實回答了他。 “你臉色不好， ”他回答。這話讓我大吃一驚。我告訴他我的感覺從未像現(xiàn)在這么好， 但已不像開始那么底氣十足了， 而他則毫無顧忌地繼續(xù)大講我的氣色如何差，還說我膚色發(fā)黃。在離開加油站的時候， 我覺得有點心神不寧。 駛出一個街區(qū)之后， 我把車停在路旁，對著鏡子看著自己的臉。 我感覺如何？我的臉色那么差嗎？一切都正常嗎？等我回到家里，我已經(jīng)開始覺得有點想吐。我的肝臟出了毛病嗎？是不是染上了什么怪??？再次光顧那個加油站時，我還是感覺很好，我弄明白了個中蹊蹺。這個地方不久前把墻漆上了一種搶眼但又難看的黃色， 墻面反射的光線使里面的每一個人看起來都像得了肝炎。不知道有多少人有過與我類似的反應(yīng)。和一個根本不認(rèn)識的人的一次短短對話竟然改變了我整整一天的心情。他說我面帶病容，沒過多久，我就真的覺得不舒服。那一句消極的話就大大影響了我的感覺和行為。唯一比否定態(tài)度更有力量的是積極的肯定，充滿樂觀與希望的話語。最讓我心存感激的一件事情， 就是我生長的這個國度有著偉大的樂觀主義傳統(tǒng)。如果一種文化從整體上采取積極向上的態(tài)度， 不可思議的事情也能變成現(xiàn)實。 人們?nèi)舭咽澜缈醋鞴饷髋c希望之地，他們將被賦予努力進取和成就功業(yè)的力量。樂觀不意味著幼稚。在保持樂觀的同時，你仍然能意識到問題的存在，意識到有些問題非常棘手。樂觀帶來的改變在于面對問題的態(tài)度。比方說，這些年我總是聽到有人抱怨用于太空計劃的錢是被白白浪費了。他們會說： 與其花4億5千5百萬美元把一個人送上月球，為什么不把這些錢用來解決地球上的貧窮問題呢？ "但當(dāng)你追問他們打算如何用這些錢來消除貧困時，大多數(shù)人又會無言以對。我對他們說： 告訴我一個解決辦法，我會為你們籌到錢。”以積極的方式思考如何解決問題，而不是對花在別的項目上的金錢妄加挑剔。實際上，美國的太空計劃帶來了許多有價值的發(fā)現(xiàn)，全人類都從中受益。樂觀精神使我們的注意力從消極的否定態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)向積極的、建設(shè)性的思考。樂觀主義者更關(guān)心如何解決問題，而不是毫無意義地怨天尤人。事實上，如果沒有樂觀精神，像貧窮這樣嚴(yán)重而且現(xiàn)正存在的問題是無望解決的。解決這樣的問題需要一個夢想家——一個擁有九死不悔的樂觀、矢志不移的堅韌和無限信心的人。何去何從，由你決定。ListenandRespondTaskOneFocusingontheMainIdeasChoosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentencesaccordingtotheinformationcontainedinthelisteningpassage.AccordingtothepassageMichaelwas.acuriouspersonalwaysanoptimistinhislifealwaysavictiminhiscompanyanemployeewholikedcomplainingIfsomethingbadhappenedorsomeonecametohimcomplainingMichaelwould.choosetobeavictimbemorelikelytobeinabadmoodchoosetoacceptthebadthingorthecomplainingchoosethepositivesideoflifeInMichael'sopinion.thosepeoplewholiketocomplainwilloftenaffectourmoodweshoulddosomemorningexercisestocheerusuphowweliveourlifeisdecidedbyourattitudetolifeoptimistshavemorechancesofsuccessthanpessimistsFromMichaelthespeakerhaslearnedthateachmorninghemustsaysomethingtohimselfeveryonemayhaveachanceofsuccesseverydaywehaveachoicetolivefullyit'snoteasytobeanoptimistTaskTwoZoomingInontheDetailsListentotherecordingagainandfillineachoftheblanksaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.Ifanemployeewashavingabadday,Michaelwastheretellingtheemployeehowtolookonthepositivesideofthesituation.EachmorningwhenMichaelwokeuphewouldremindhimselftobeinagoodmoodandchoosethepositivesideoflife;ifsomethingbadhappened,hewouldchoosetolearnfromitandnottobeavictimofit.InMichael'sopinion,lifeisallabcuoices.Everysituationinlifeisachoice.Youchoosehowyoureacttosituations;youchoosehowpeoplewillaffectyourmood;youchoosehowyoufeel.Thebottomlineis:It'yourchoicehowyouliveyourlife.TheauthordecidedtofollowMichael 'sexampleandbelievedthatifhechosetobeanoptimisthemightfeelbetter,enjoylifemoreandmighthavemorechancesofsuccess.ReadandExploreTaskOneDiscoveringtheMainIdeas1Answerthefollowingquestionswiththeinformation