大學(xué)英語(yǔ)三級(jí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)總結(jié)匯總

貞眉內(nèi)容貞眉內(nèi)容貝腳內(nèi)容貝腳內(nèi)容14貞眉內(nèi)容貞眉內(nèi)容貝腳內(nèi)容貝腳內(nèi)容14三級(jí)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)歸納一. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣if句中虛擬形式if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句（純粹假設(shè)或發(fā)生的可能性不大）:條件從句主句與現(xiàn)在相反did(be?were)would/should/might/coulddo與將來(lái)相反did(be-?were)would/should/might/coulddo與過(guò)去相反haddonewould/should/might/couldhavedone例句Ifweleft(leave)now,weshouldarriveintime.Iftheyhadn'tgoneonvacation,theirhousewouldn'thavebeenbroken(break)into.原形虛擬：a.表命令、決定、要求、建議等詞語(yǔ)之后的that-分句中，用動(dòng)詞原形。suggest,demand,advise,propose,order,arrange,insist,command,require,request,desire that+(should)do例如Hesuggestedthatweshouldleaveearly.Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtellhim.b.Itis(was)形容詞/名詞that (should)do/例如Itisabsolutelyessentialthatallthefactsbeexaminedfirst.一些句型中的虛擬形式：It's(high,about,thefirst,etc.)time(that)…動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)…例如It'stimeweleft.例如Itistimewewenttobed.2wouldrather/soonerasif/thoughwouldrather/sooner反asif7though2wouldrather/soonerasif/thoughwouldrather/sooner反asif7though4.練習(xí)寧愿

好像謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在或者將來(lái)相與過(guò)去相反1.1tryitagainifIyou.1.1C.would；wereD.A.will；am B.should；amwould；hadbeenC.would；wereD.Ifitnotforthewater,theplantslive.A.were；wouldnotB.is；couldnotC.were；couldD.did；A.were；wouldnotB.is；couldnotC.were；couldD.did；couldnotIfIthatchancetoshowmyability,Ithepresidentofthisschool.A.havenothad；couldnotbecome B.hadnothad；wouldnothave貝腳內(nèi)容貝腳內(nèi)容14貞眉內(nèi)容貞眉內(nèi)容貝腳內(nèi)容貝腳內(nèi)容14becomeC.didnothave；couldnotbecomeD.doesn'thave；willnotbecomeC.didnothave；couldnotbecomeD.doesn'thave；willnotbecomeHebythatburglarifyoutosavehim.A.mighthavebeenkilled；hadn'tcomeB.willbekilled；didn'tcomeC.maybekilled；did'tcome D.couldbekilled；haven'tcomeIfitforyourhelp,Ithathardtimewithsolittlemoney.B.isnot；cannotspendD.havenotbeen；willnotB.isnot；cannotspendD.havenotbeen；willnotC.hadnotbeen；wouldnothavespent沖endWhereyougoifwar?A.will；breaksoutB.do；willbreakoutA.will；breaksoutB.do；willbreakoutD.will：istobreakoutC.haven'tdoneD.hadn'C.would：weretobreakoutD.will：istobreakoutC.haven'tdoneD.hadn'7.ShewishessheA.doesn'tdo7.ShewishessheA.doesn'tdoB.didn'tdoThechairmansuggestedthatthemeetingputoff.A.canbe B.be C.is D.willbeItisvitalthatheimmediately.D.wentD.willbegintoD.wentD.willbegintoItistimewedoourhomework.A.beginto B.canbegintoC.beganto答案：L選C。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)（指現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）（譯文；如果我是你，我會(huì)再試一次）2選A。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)（指現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）。（譯文：要是沒(méi)有水，植物就不能存活。）3.選B。表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。4Ao表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。（譯文：要不是你來(lái)救他，他早就被那個(gè)竊賊殺了。）.Co與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。（譯：要沒(méi)有你幫忙，我那點(diǎn)兒錢是無(wú)法度過(guò)那段艱苦歲月的。）.選C。表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。（譯文：要是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)了，你會(huì)上哪兒去？）7.選D。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于賓語(yǔ)從句。（譯文：她真希望自己沒(méi)有做過(guò)那件丟臉的事情。）8.選Bo虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表示“建議”等意義的動(dòng)詞后。（譯文：主席建議會(huì)議延期舉行。）.選A。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于主語(yǔ)從句（Itis/was+形容詞+that引導(dǎo)的分句）。.選C。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于定語(yǔ)從句Itistime（that）...句型。（譯文：我們?cè)撻_(kāi)始做作業(yè)了。）二.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)1.各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本變形一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)be(is,am,are)do/does現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be (is/am/are)+doing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/hasbeendoing一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/weredid過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddone過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)hadbeendoing一般將來(lái)時(shí)willdo將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)willdo將來(lái)完成willhavedone將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)willhavebeendoing一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)woulddo過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)wouldbedoing過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)wouldhavedone過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)wouldhavebeendoing.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的搭配一定的時(shí)態(tài)往往和一定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。always.usually,sometimes, ——般現(xiàn)在時(shí) do/does amisarelastweek,yesterday,afewdaysago 一般過(guò)去時(shí) didwas/werenextweek,tomorrow,inaweek,thisyear一般將來(lái)時(shí) willdonow,atpresent,atthismoment 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be+doingsofar,uptonow,bythetime,since的主句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/havedone.練習(xí)，用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空He(be)eighteennextyear.It(rain)everydaysofarthismonth.Mozart(write)morethan600piecesofmusic.Ifit(rain)tomorrow,we'Hhavetostayathome.Howfasthe(drive)whentheaccidenthappened?BythetimeMr.Smithleftschool,he(teach)thatcoursefortwenty-fiveyears.Perhapshe(finish)readingthebookbythistimetomorrow..填willbeonextyear為表示將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).填hasrained。sofar是“到目前為止”的意思,常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)搭配使用。.填wrote。Mozart（莫扎特）是已去世的音樂(lè)家，故應(yīng)使用過(guò)去時(shí)。.填rains。在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的事情。.填was...driving。表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。6,填hadtaughto句中有bythetimeMr.Smithleftschool,主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。填willhavefinishedc句中有bythistimetomorrow,主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。三動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)主動(dòng)doam/is/aredoingdidwas/weredoingwilldowoulddohas/havedonehaddonehas/havebeendoingwillhavedone被動(dòng)am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/weredonewas/werebeingdonewillbedonewouldbedonehas/havebeendonehadbeendonewillhavebeendone1.Theconstructionofthelibrarybeforetheendofnextmonth.A.musthavecompleted B.musthavebeencompletedC.mustbecompleted D.mustcompleteThesubjectoftheselecturesbythelecturecommittee.A.announces B.havebeenannouncedC.announced D.hasbeenannouncedMypicturesuntilnextweek.A.won'tdevelop B.aren'tdevelopingC.don'tdevelop D.won'tbedevelopedTheysothatwewouldn'trecognizethem.A.costumed B.disguised C.weredisguisingD.weredisguisedAHtheapparatus（器械）beforetheexperimentbegan.A.hadbeenpreparedB.werepreparedC.hadbeenpreparedD.hadpreparedTheworld'ssuppliesofcopper.A.havebeengraduallybeingexhausted B.hasgraduallyexhaustedC.aregraduallyexhausted D.arebeinggraduallyexhaustedThegoodswhenwearrivedattheairport.A.werejustunloading B.werejustbeingunloadedC.hadjustunloaded D.werejustbeenunloaded貞眉內(nèi)容貞眉內(nèi)容貝腳內(nèi)容貝腳內(nèi)容14貞眉內(nèi)容貞眉內(nèi)容貝腳內(nèi)容貝腳內(nèi)容14貞眉內(nèi)容貞眉內(nèi)容取腳內(nèi)容取腳內(nèi)容14Tomthebeststudentinhisclass.A.regards B.regardsas C.hasregardedas D.isregardedasThesportsmeetingbecauseofthebadweather.A.putoff B.wasputoff C.wasputtedoffD.hasputoffl.Co情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done。（譯：到下月底圖書(shū)館的修建必須完工）D現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為：havebeen+done（譯：講座的課題已由講座委員會(huì)宣布了。）Do一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為:willbe+done,其否定形式為:willnotbe+doneD一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為was/were+過(guò)去分詞（譯:為了不讓我們認(rèn)出來(lái)，他們偽裝了起來(lái)）Co過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成為：hadbeen+過(guò)去分詞。D現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為：are/is/ambeing+過(guò)去分詞。（譯:世界的銅資源正逐漸被耗盡）Bo過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為：was/werebeing+過(guò)去分詞。（譯:我們到機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)正在卸貨物。）Do（譯文：湯姆被認(rèn)為是班里最好的學(xué)生。）Bo（譯文：運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)因天氣不好被取消了。）四定語(yǔ)從句.定語(yǔ)從句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常緊跟在先行詞后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。關(guān)系副詞有：when,where,why等。例題：TheSocialSecurityRetirementProgramismadeupoftwotrustfunds,couldgopennilessbynextyear.A.thelargeone B.thelargerofwhichC.thelargestone D.thelargestofwhich選B。因?yàn)榍懊嬗衪wo,所以不能選D,A沒(méi)有連接手段，也不能選。三級(jí)試題中定語(yǔ)從句的考題：1、ItriedtogetofthebusinessIfoundimpossibletocarryon.A）why B）which C）what D）where2、OncemoreIhavetoleaveBeijing,Ihavebeenlivingforeightyears.A）thatB）whereC）whichD）as3、ThisbookisdesignedfortheleanersnativelanguagesarenotEnglish.A)whoseB)whichC)whoD)what4、Shegottoknowtheyoungmanverywellshehadworkedforsolong.A)towhomB)inwhomC)whomD)withwhom5、Thehotelduringthevacationwasratherpoorlymanaged.A)asIstayedB)whereIstayedC)whichIstayedD)whatIstayedTherearesomanydressestherethatIreallydon'tknowtochoose.A)whetherB)whenC)whichD)why7、IthinkthatAnnaisfarthemostactivememberinourgroup.A)withB)atC)asD)by五.倒裝.當(dāng)。nly放在句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，要用倒裝例：Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvethisproblem. 只有用這種方法，你才可以解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。OnlyyesterdaydidIfinishthebook. 到昨天我才讀完那本書(shū)。.具有否定意義的副詞或詞組用于句首，要用倒裝。常見(jiàn)的否定詞有：never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,notuntil,bynomeans,notonly,neither,nosooner,hardly等。彳列句：NevershallIforgetthedayswhenyouwerewithus.1、Olnywhenwehadfinishedalltheworkthatitwastoolatetotakeabushome.A)didwerealizeB)informingC)informedD)toinform2、Notuntilthedaybeforeyesterdaytogiveaspeechatthemeeting.A)heagreed B)doesheagreeC)heagreesD)didheagree3、Youngheis,hehasprovedtobeanablesalesman.A)thatB)whoC)asD)which4、Notuntilyesterdayanythingabouttheprojectthatwillbecompletedsoon.A)didIlearnB)haveIlearntC)IlearntD)thatIleaintHeisusedtoflyingbyairandonnooccasionfrightened.A)hehaseverfeltB)heeverfeelsC)everdoeshefeelD)hasheeverfelt6、Soaftershelearnedthegoodnewsthatshecouldhardlyfallasleepthatnight.A)excitedthemotherwas B)wasthemotherexcitedC)themotherwasexcited D)excitedwasthemother7、Soloudlythatpeoplecouldhearitoutinthestreet.A)didthestudentsplaythemusic B)thestudentsplayingthemusicC)thestudentsplayedthemusic D)havethestudentsplayedthemusic六.it的用法Lit作形式主語(yǔ)或者形式賓語(yǔ)ItisnecessaryforustolearnEnglish.it這里指代tolearnEnglishItwasnotveryclearwhatshemeant,it這里指代whatshemeant2.it在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分練習(xí)1.ItwasonlywhenIreadhispoemsrecentlyIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.until B.that C.then D.so選B。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。twasabout600yearsagothefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.that B.until C.before D.when選A。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。七.形容詞比較級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)1.不規(guī)則變法 good/wellbetterbestbadworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleast2.形容詞比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)(1)形容詞+than 例句：Realfriendshipismorevaluablethanmoney.(2)the+形容詞比較級(jí)，the+形容詞比較級(jí)例句：ThemoremedicineItake大學(xué)英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試?？荚~組和固定搭配（介詞+名詞）詞語(yǔ)byaccidentonaccountofinadditioninadditiontointheairon(the/an)averageonthebasisofat(the)bestforthebetteronboardoutofbreathonbusinessinanycaseincaseofincaseinnocasebychanceincharge(of)(a)roundtheclockincommoninconclusiononconditionthatinconfidenceinconnectionwith/toinconsequenceinconsequenceofonthecontrary解釋偈然因?yàn)閞由于另外除.?????之外在流行中，在傳播中平均,一般來(lái)說(shuō)根據(jù),在……的基礎(chǔ)上充其量，至多好轉(zhuǎn)，改善在船（車、飛機(jī)）上喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)因公，因喜無(wú)論如何.總之假使，萬(wàn)一假使，以防（萬(wàn)一）免得決不偶然，碰巧負(fù)費(fèi)，主管晝夜不集地共用，共有，共同量后，總之在……條件下信任關(guān)于因此，結(jié)果由于……的緣故反之.正相反與成對(duì)履與成對(duì)履失去控制被控制住不惜任何代價(jià)以……為代價(jià)在…過(guò)程中，在…期間當(dāng)然，自然在危險(xiǎn)中，垂危脫離危險(xiǎn)過(guò)期C時(shí)）的時(shí)新的欠債憚細(xì)地處境困難在遠(yuǎn)處下班值班，上班究竟，到底無(wú)論如何有效；實(shí)際上萬(wàn)一，如果發(fā)生例如之外面對(duì)，不顧，即使其實(shí)，實(shí)際上燒著步行有效I實(shí)施中有利于，費(fèi)成，支持incontrastwith/hefaceofinfactonfireonfootinforceinfavo(u)rofinfrontofin(the)futureonguardingonoralinhalfathandfromtiptotoebyhandhanddowntohandinhandinhandonhandon(the)onehand...ontheotherhand...atheartbyheartathomeinhonourofonone'shonourinahurryforinstanceatintervalsatlastatleastintheleastatlengthinthelightofinlineinlinewith在……面前今后，格來(lái)警惕，防范通常.大體上成兩半在手邊，在附近徹著徹尾，完全用手往下傳，傳給（后代）手拉手，攜手在掌握中，在控制中在手邊，臨近一方面. 另一方面……在內(nèi)心；實(shí)質(zhì)上牢記，憑記憶在家，在國(guó)內(nèi),自在，自如以紀(jì)念，向……表示敬意以名譽(yù)擔(dān)保匆忙地，立即例如，舉例說(shuō)不時(shí)，時(shí)時(shí)最終，終于至少，量低限度一點(diǎn)，絲亳終于，最后；詳細(xì)地按照，根據(jù)成一直線，排成一行與……一致，按履atalossasamatteroffactbyallmeansbymeansofbynomeansinmemoryofatthemercyofbymistakeatthemomentforamomentforthemomentinamomentinnatureonoccasioninorderinordertoinorderthatoutoforderonone'sowninparticularinthepastinpersoninplaceinplaceofinthefirstplaceinthelastplaceoutofplaceonthepointtothepoint困惑，不知所措其實(shí)，事實(shí)上無(wú)論如何，必定借助于，用決不紀(jì)念在……支配下錯(cuò)誤地現(xiàn)在，此刻片刻，一會(huì)兒現(xiàn)在，替時(shí)立刻，馬上本顧上有時(shí)，不時(shí)秩序井然,整齊以便，為了以便發(fā)生故障，失調(diào)獨(dú)自地，獨(dú)立地特別地，尤其，詳細(xì)地在過(guò)去.以往親自在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢么嫫鸪?，首先最后不得其所的，不適當(dāng)?shù)募磳ⅰ臅r(shí)候切中要害，切題貞眉內(nèi)容貞眉內(nèi)容貞腳內(nèi)容貞腳內(nèi)容14貞眉內(nèi)容貞眉內(nèi)容貝腳內(nèi)容貝腳內(nèi)容14inpracticeoutofpracticeatpresentforthepresentinproportiontoinpublicfor(the)purposeofonpurposewiththepurposeofinquestionatrandomatanyratebyreasonofasregardswith/inregardtoin/withrelationtowithrespecttoasaresultasaresultofin