Wars-Of-The-Roses玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭(課堂)課件

WarsoftheRoses

玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭1

WarsoftheRoses

玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭1NameandsymbolsThe

WhiteRose

oftheHouseofYork約克家族白薔薇TheRedRoseoftheHouseofLancaster蘭開斯特家族紅薔薇VS22022/12/23NameandsymbolsThe

WhiteRoseCommandersandleadersHouseofYorkRichard,DukeofYork(Killedinaction)EdwardIVofEnglandRichardIIIofEngland(Killedinaction)HouseofLancasterHenryVIofEnglandMargaretofAnjouEdwardofWestminster(Killedinaction)HenryVIIofEngland32022/12/23CommandersandleadersHouseofFightforsuccession42022/12/23Fightforsuccession42022/12/1Origins

1433HenryofBolingbrokehadestablishedtheHouseofLancasteronthethronein1433whenhedeposedhiscousinRichardIIandwascrownedasHenryIV.亨利四世推翻理查二世RichardIIHenryIV52022/12/23Origins

1433HenryofBolingbroInherit（繼承）

1413Bolingbroke'ssonHenryVmaintainedthefamily'sholdonthecrown.HenryV62022/12/23Inherit（繼承）

1413Bolingbroke'sHenryVIofEnglandHenryVdiedunexpectedlyin1422andhisson,KingHenryVIofEngland,ascendedthethroneasaninfantonlyninemonthsold.72022/12/23HenryVIofEnglandHenryVdie1455-1460IntheinitialstageThemainstagesofthearmedconflictbetweentheWarsoftheRosesoccurredin1455and1485.薔薇戰(zhàn)爭的主要武裝沖突階段發(fā)生在1455年和1485年之間。82022/12/231455-1460IntheinitialstageWarsoftheRosesTheremovaloftheoldchurchgardenofredrosesandwhiteroses在老教堂的花園摘取紅玫瑰與白玫瑰92022/12/23WarsoftheRosesTheremovalothefirstopenfightingbrokeoutin1455attheFirstBattleofStAlbans.SeveralprominentLancastriansdied,buttheirheirscontinuedadeadlyfeudwithRichard.1455年5月22日，約克公爵理查領(lǐng)一支小部隊前往倫敦，在倫敦北面的圣奧爾本斯碰到趕來的亨利六世的部隊。相對規(guī)模較小的第一次圣奧爾本斯戰(zhàn)役是內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的第一次公開沖突。Summaryofevents102022/12/23thefirstopenfightingbrokeYorkreturnedtothecountryandbecameProtectorofEngland,butwasdissuadedfromclaimingthethrone.MargaretandtheirreconcilableLancastriannoblesgatheredtheirforcesinthenorthofEngland,andwhenYorkmovednorthtosuppressthem,heandhissecondsonEdmundwerekilledattheBattleofWakefieldinDecember1460.1460年7月10日的北安普敦戰(zhàn)役（BattleofNorthampton）對于蘭開斯特家族是災(zāi)難性的。沃里克伯爵理查·內(nèi)維爾帶領(lǐng)的約克軍隊，在蘭開斯特家族的叛軍的幫助下，抓住了亨利國王并作為俘虜帶往倫敦。Summaryofevents112022/12/23YorkreturnedtothecountryaActofAccord

調(diào)解法案

AcompromisewasstruckinOctober1460withtheActofAccord,whichrecognisedYorkasHenry'ssuccessor,disinheritingHenry'ssix-year-oldson,Edward.Yorkacceptedthiscompromiseasthebestoffer.Itgavehimmuchofwhathewanted,particularlysincehewasalsomadeProtectoroftheRealmandwasabletogoverninHenry'sname.1460年10月的調(diào)解法案達成妥協(xié)，約克為亨利的王位繼任者，剝奪了亨利兒子愛德華王子的繼承權(quán)。約克被任命為王國攝政王，可以以亨利之名統(tǒng)治。調(diào)解法案對蘭開斯特家族是不能接受的，他們在北方組織起一支龐大的軍隊。122022/12/23ActofAccord

調(diào)解法案

AcompromisThedeathofRichard,DukeofYork

蘭開斯特家族的反擊On30December,York’sforcesleftthecastleandattackedtheLancastriansintheopen,althoughoutnumbered.TheensuingBattleofWakefieldwasacompleteLancastrianvictory.RichardofYorkwasslaininthebattle,andbothSalisburyandYork's17-year-oldsecondson,Edmund,EarlofRutland,werecapturedandexecuted.MargaretorderedtheheadsofallthreeplacedonthegatesofYork.1460年圣誕，理查在韋克平原附近的桑德爾城堡采取守勢。雖然瑪格麗特的軍隊的人數(shù)是理查的軍隊的兩倍以上，12月30日，約克還是下令他的部隊離開城堡出擊。他的軍隊在韋克菲爾德戰(zhàn)役中慘敗。理查在戰(zhàn)斗中被殺，而薩爾茨堡和理查17歲的兒子魯特蘭伯爵埃德蒙被捕并被砍頭。132022/12/23ThedeathofRichard,DukeofYorkisttriumph

約克家族的勝利愛德華四世的正式加冕于1461年6月在倫敦舉行。在北方，愛德華在1464年之前沒有取得完全的控制，除了幾次叛變，幾個蘭開斯特指揮官占據(jù)了幾個城堡數(shù)年。最后一個投降的蘭開斯特的城堡是強大的堡壘Harlech(在威爾士)。廢黜了的國王亨利在1465年被捕，囚于倫敦塔，以當(dāng)時而言，他受到了相當(dāng)?shù)膬?yōu)待。1464年又有兩次蘭開斯特叛亂。第一次沖突是4月25日的Hedgeley荒原戰(zhàn)役，第二次是5月15日的Hexham戰(zhàn)役。兩次叛亂都由沃里克的弟弟約翰·內(nèi)維爾(JohnNeville,1stMarquessofMontagu)所平定。142022/12/23Yorkisttriumph

約克家族的勝利愛德華四世的正EdwardIVEdwardIV'sofficialcoronationtookplaceinJune1461inLondonwherehereceivedarapturouswelcomefromhissupporters.152022/12/23EdwardIVEdwardIV'sofficial1469–1471年間沖突的繼續(xù)162022/12/231469–1471年間沖突的繼續(xù)162022/12/181469–1471Warwick'srebellionandthedeathofHenryVITherestorationofEdwardIVin1471issometimesseenasmarkingtheendoftheWarsoftheRosesproper.PeacewasrestoredfortheremainderofEdward'srBuckingham'srevolteign.

172022/12/231469–1471Warwick'srebellionaRichardIIIHavingbeencrownedinalavishceremonyon6July,RichardthenproceededonatouroftheMidlandsandthenorthofEngland,dispensinggenerousbountiesandchartersandnaminghisownsonasthePrinceofWales.182022/12/23RichardIIIHavingbeencrownedIn1471-1483,thecountryrestored

peace.EdwardIV(Yorkist)punishedthebignoblescruellyfortheirdisobedience.EdwardIV’sbrother,RichardIII(1483-1485)becamekingafterhediedinApril1483.hecontinuedthebrutalpracticeofEdwardIV,whichpushedtheLancasterandYorkjoinedtogetheraroundHarriTudor,EarlofRichmondtogoagainsthim.InAugust1485,RichardIIIwasdefeatedbyTudor

inthebattleofBosworth.RichardIIIdiedinthebattleandtheWaroftheRosesendedeventually.ThebattleofBosworth192022/12/23In1471-1483,thecountryrestHenryVII

HenryVII(HarriTudor)strengthenedhisverytenuousLancastrianclaimtothethronebypromptlymarryingElizabeth,adaughterofYorkistEdwardIV.ThisunionoftheHousesofLancasterandYorkwasmarkedbyanewsymbol,theTudorRose.Thisremarkablemanbeganalineofremarkablerulers,knownasTudors.202022/12/23HenryVII

HenryVII(HarriTud1485年，亨利·都鐸的軍隊在BosworthField之戰(zhàn)擊敗理查的軍隊，亨利成了國王亨利七世。然后亨利通過娶愛德華四世的長女，約克家族最佳的繼承人約克的伊麗莎白為妻來鞏固他的統(tǒng)治。這樣，他重新統(tǒng)一了兩個王族，把紅玫瑰和白玫瑰這兩個對立的符號合并到紅白都鐸玫瑰的徽章中。Aftermathandeffects212022/12/231485年，亨利·都鐸的軍隊在BosworthField之ManyEnglishnoblemenwerekilledinachainofimportanteventscalledtheWaroftheRoses;EnglishcontrolofFrancewasnearlyeliminated;Andthemiddle-classcametodominateBritishpolitics.Thenewlyarisennoblemenandthebourgeoisiegrewrapidlyinthewar,whichcontributedtothetransitionofEnglandfromafeudalcountrytoamodernstateintheTudordynasty.

Consequences222022/12/23Consequences222022/12/18232022/12/23232022/12/18242022/12/23242022/12/18252022/12/23252022/12/18WarsoftheRoses

玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭26

WarsoftheRoses

玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭1NameandsymbolsThe

WhiteRose

oftheHouseofYork約克家族白薔薇TheRedRoseoftheHouseofLancaster蘭開斯特家族紅薔薇VS272022/12/23NameandsymbolsThe

WhiteRoseCommandersandleadersHouseofYorkRichard,DukeofYork(Killedinaction)EdwardIVofEnglandRichardIIIofEngland(Killedinaction)HouseofLancasterHenryVIofEnglandMargaretofAnjouEdwardofWestminster(Killedinaction)HenryVIIofEngland282022/12/23CommandersandleadersHouseofFightforsuccession292022/12/23Fightforsuccession42022/12/1Origins

1433HenryofBolingbrokehadestablishedtheHouseofLancasteronthethronein1433whenhedeposedhiscousinRichardIIandwascrownedasHenryIV.亨利四世推翻理查二世RichardIIHenryIV302022/12/23Origins

1433HenryofBolingbroInherit（繼承）

1413Bolingbroke'ssonHenryVmaintainedthefamily'sholdonthecrown.HenryV312022/12/23Inherit（繼承）

1413Bolingbroke'sHenryVIofEnglandHenryVdiedunexpectedlyin1422andhisson,KingHenryVIofEngland,ascendedthethroneasaninfantonlyninemonthsold.322022/12/23HenryVIofEnglandHenryVdie1455-1460IntheinitialstageThemainstagesofthearmedconflictbetweentheWarsoftheRosesoccurredin1455and1485.薔薇戰(zhàn)爭的主要武裝沖突階段發(fā)生在1455年和1485年之間。332022/12/231455-1460IntheinitialstageWarsoftheRosesTheremovaloftheoldchurchgardenofredrosesandwhiteroses在老教堂的花園摘取紅玫瑰與白玫瑰342022/12/23WarsoftheRosesTheremovalothefirstopenfightingbrokeoutin1455attheFirstBattleofStAlbans.SeveralprominentLancastriansdied,buttheirheirscontinuedadeadlyfeudwithRichard.1455年5月22日，約克公爵理查領(lǐng)一支小部隊前往倫敦，在倫敦北面的圣奧爾本斯碰到趕來的亨利六世的部隊。相對規(guī)模較小的第一次圣奧爾本斯戰(zhàn)役是內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的第一次公開沖突。Summaryofevents352022/12/23thefirstopenfightingbrokeYorkreturnedtothecountryandbecameProtectorofEngland,butwasdissuadedfromclaimingthethrone.MargaretandtheirreconcilableLancastriannoblesgatheredtheirforcesinthenorthofEngland,andwhenYorkmovednorthtosuppressthem,heandhissecondsonEdmundwerekilledattheBattleofWakefieldinDecember1460.1460年7月10日的北安普敦戰(zhàn)役（BattleofNorthampton）對于蘭開斯特家族是災(zāi)難性的。沃里克伯爵理查·內(nèi)維爾帶領(lǐng)的約克軍隊，在蘭開斯特家族的叛軍的幫助下，抓住了亨利國王并作為俘虜帶往倫敦。Summaryofevents362022/12/23YorkreturnedtothecountryaActofAccord

調(diào)解法案

AcompromisewasstruckinOctober1460withtheActofAccord,whichrecognisedYorkasHenry'ssuccessor,disinheritingHenry'ssix-year-oldson,Edward.Yorkacceptedthiscompromiseasthebestoffer.Itgavehimmuchofwhathewanted,particularlysincehewasalsomadeProtectoroftheRealmandwasabletogoverninHenry'sname.1460年10月的調(diào)解法案達成妥協(xié)，約克為亨利的王位繼任者，剝奪了亨利兒子愛德華王子的繼承權(quán)。約克被任命為王國攝政王，可以以亨利之名統(tǒng)治。調(diào)解法案對蘭開斯特家族是不能接受的，他們在北方組織起一支龐大的軍隊。372022/12/23ActofAccord

調(diào)解法案

AcompromisThedeathofRichard,DukeofYork

蘭開斯特家族的反擊On30December,York’sforcesleftthecastleandattackedtheLancastriansintheopen,althoughoutnumbered.TheensuingBattleofWakefieldwasacompleteLancastrianvictory.RichardofYorkwasslaininthebattle,andbothSalisburyandYork's17-year-oldsecondson,Edmund,EarlofRutland,werecapturedandexecuted.MargaretorderedtheheadsofallthreeplacedonthegatesofYork.1460年圣誕，理查在韋克平原附近的桑德爾城堡采取守勢。雖然瑪格麗特的軍隊的人數(shù)是理查的軍隊的兩倍以上，12月30日，約克還是下令他的部隊離開城堡出擊。他的軍隊在韋克菲爾德戰(zhàn)役中慘敗。理查在戰(zhàn)斗中被殺，而薩爾茨堡和理查17歲的兒子魯特蘭伯爵埃德蒙被捕并被砍頭。382022/12/23ThedeathofRichard,DukeofYorkisttriumph

約克家族的勝利愛德華四世的正式加冕于1461年6月在倫敦舉行。在北方，愛德華在1464年之前沒有取得完全的控制，除了幾次叛變，幾個蘭開斯特指揮官占據(jù)了幾個城堡數(shù)年。最后一個投降的蘭開斯特的城堡是強大的堡壘Harlech(在威爾士)。廢黜了的國王亨利在1465年被捕，囚于倫敦塔，以當(dāng)時而言，他受到了相當(dāng)?shù)膬?yōu)待。1464年又有兩次蘭開斯特叛亂。第一次沖突是4月25日的Hedgeley荒原戰(zhàn)役，第二次是5月15日的Hexham戰(zhàn)役。兩次叛亂都由沃里克的弟弟約翰·內(nèi)維爾(JohnNeville,1stMarquessofMontagu)所平定。392022/12/23Yorkisttriumph

約克家族的勝利愛德華四世的正EdwardIVEdwardIV'sofficialcoronationtookplaceinJune1461inLondonwherehereceivedarapturouswelcomefromhissupporters.402022/12/23EdwardIVEdwardIV'sofficial1469–1471年間沖突的繼續(xù)412022/12/231469–1471年間沖突的繼續(xù)162022/12/181469–1471Warwick'srebellionandthedeathofHenryVITherestorationofEdwardIVin1471issometimesseenasmarkingtheendoftheWarsoftheRosesproper.PeacewasrestoredfortheremainderofEdward'srBuckingham'srevolteign.

422022/12/231469–1471Warwick'srebellionaRichardIIIHavingbeencrownedinalavishceremonyon6July,RichardthenproceededonatouroftheMidlandsandthenorthofEngland,dispensinggenerousbountiesandchartersandnaminghisownsonasthePrinceofWales.432022/12/23RichardIIIHavingbeencrownedIn1471-1483,thecountryrestored

peace.EdwardIV(Yorkist)punishedthebignoblescruellyfortheirdisobedience.EdwardIV’sbrother,RichardIII(1483-1485)becamekingafterhediedinApril1483.hecontinuedthebrutalpracticeofEdwardIV,whichpushedtheLancasterandYorkjoinedtogetheraroundHarriTudor,EarlofRichmondtogoagainsthim.InAugust1485,RichardIIIwasdefeatedbyTu