TBS安裝手冊中文

Industry,powerplantsandprocesstechnology:PRDSInstallationGuide工業(yè),電力及過程技術(shù):減溫減壓器安裝指導(dǎo)2TechnicalchangesreservedHolterRegelarmaturenGmbH&Co.KG,establishedin1967,offersawholerangeofproductsforuseinindustry,powerplantsandprocesstechnology.AlsoknownasHORA,thecompanydesignsandproducesvalves,pumprecirculationvalves,specialvalvesforuseinpowerplants,aswellaselectricandpneumaticactuators.37yearsofexperiencehavemadetheindependentfamily-ownedcompanyfromSchlossHolte-StukenbrockintoEuropeanandworld-widepartnerforleadingboilerandpowerplantmanufacturersandalsoformeasurementandcontrolcompanies.Today’spositionofthecompanyonthemarketisaresultofthesuccessfulcombinationofinnovativeability,continuityandreliability德國霍拉公司成立于1697年,提供全系列工業(yè),電力及過程技術(shù)用調(diào)節(jié)閥.我們提供設(shè)計和生產(chǎn),調(diào)節(jié)閥,泵保護閥,特種閥門應(yīng)用于電力工業(yè)及氣動執(zhí)行器37年的經(jīng)驗使我們這個家族公司從施勞斯霍爾特-斯圖不魯克走向世界,并成為世界領(lǐng)先的鍋爐及電力設(shè)備制造商的合作伙伴.我們成為創(chuàng)新與持續(xù)發(fā)展與靈活的成功企業(yè)減溫減壓器安裝指導(dǎo)4Mountingorientation安裝方向5Pipingupstream上游管道6Pipingdownstream下游管道7Spraywaterpipe減溫水管道7-8Drains疏水9Pre-Heating預(yù)熱10Temperaturesensor溫度測量10-11Control控制設(shè)備12BlowOutDevice吹掃及保護13Summary摘要Technicalchangesreserved3PRDSInstallationGuide安裝指導(dǎo)MountingOrientation安裝方向HORAPRDSvalvescanbeinstalledinanyorientation.Therecommendedpositioniswithaverticalstemandatopmountedactuatorforeasymaintenance.HORAadvisesagainsttheuprightdownpositionwithaverticalstemandtheactuatormounteddownwards.Ahorizontalstemispossibleforareliablefunctionofthevalve.ThisinstallationissubjecttoconsultationwithHORAbecauseincaseoflargevalveswithheavyactuatorsflexiblesupportorhangertobeartheweightoftheactuatorsmightbenecessary.Controlvalvesshallneverbedesignedasfixedpoints.調(diào)節(jié)閥是不用來做固定支撐的Fixedpointsshallbearrangedalongthepipe.Forserviceworkaplatformandacranearerequired.固定支撐是需要沿管道布置的,對于維護與調(diào)試,平臺與吊車空間是需要的(只允許在專門設(shè)置的起吊點處吊運Foragoodperformanceofthevalvesitisalsorequiredtopaymuchattentionontheupstreamanddownstreampipingandalsoonthespraywatercontrolline.Pipingarrangementsandshortageofspacemeansthatcompromisesmustbemade.InthefollowingwedescribethosefactorstoachieveaadvancedsystemdesignfortheHORAPRDSvalves.為了能夠很好的使用閥門,閥門上下游的布置需要特別注意,同時噴水管線也是需要注意的.管道的布置和使用的空間不得不相互妥協(xié),下述介紹對于更好的使用霍拉的產(chǎn)品極為重要.4TechnicalchangesreservedPRDSInstallationGuide安裝指導(dǎo)Pipingupstream上游管道Itisrequiredtohaveastraightpipingupstream.Inthispipesectionthereshouldnotbeanycomponents;t-shapedjunctionsmustbeavoided.Ifstopvalvesupstreamarenotdesignedproperlythecharacteristicofthecontrolvalveisextremelyinfluencedduetoahighvelocityinthevenacontractorandaununiformdistribution.Auniformflowpatternachievesaminimumofvibrationandnoise.InadditionHORAsuppliesforspecialsolutionsacageintheinletofthevalvebodytoaligntheflowandtoavoidrotationalforcesontheplug.上游閥門的入口是需要一段直管道的在這個部分是不能有任何部件,特別是T型接頭必須避免,如果閥門上游管道關(guān)閉設(shè)計不合理,閥門調(diào)節(jié)特性將會極大程度受到支管和不規(guī)則管道分支的高速流體影響。統(tǒng)一的流量形式產(chǎn)生的振動和噪音也會最小。HORA提供了特殊的解決辦法就是在閥體進口處加一個套管,使流量一致,避免回流對閥芯產(chǎn)生作用力。HORA′sguidevalueforthestraightlengthofupstreampipingis~5timesthenominaldiameterwithaminimumof2-5m.霍拉推薦的上游直管道長度為5倍的管道內(nèi)徑距離,但最短為2-5米。IfmultiplecomponentsarelocatedupstreamthePRDSvalvethedistancemustbeincreasedandconfirmedbytheHORA.如果有多余的設(shè)備安置在上游管道,延長直管道距離是必須的,否則需要同霍拉公司確認.Itisessentialtokeepwateroutofthesystem(seedrains.Itcausesnoise,mechanicaldamageandcanmakethetemperaturemeasurementimpossible.安裝的基本要求是將(產(chǎn)生的冷凝水導(dǎo)出系統(tǒng),否則將導(dǎo)致噪聲及機械損害.HORA′sguidevalueforaslopeagainsttheflowismin.1%.霍拉推薦安裝傾斜角度不小于1%(旁路閥處于高位Adrainshouldbeprovidedathelowestpoint.疏水裝置需要在最低點安裝Technicalchangesreserved5PRDSInstallationGuide安裝指導(dǎo)Pipingdownstream下游管道Afterinjectionthewaterneedsadistancetoevaporate.Ithastobeavoidedthatthedropletshitthepipewallcausingerosionandinextremesituationsformationofwaterpaddles.Bendswillseparatethewaterfromthesteambecauseofthedifferentdensity.減壓后的蒸氣進入噴水減溫過程,通常來說減溫過程(蒸發(fā)過程是需要距離的.并且防止水滴直接滴落在管壁上造成腐蝕,最嚴(yán)重的情況是(發(fā)生水擊。管道彎曲處的水和蒸汽會由于兩種介質(zhì)密度不同而分離。ItisrequiredtohaveaminimumstraightlengthofthepipingdownstreamthePRDSvalve.WiththeHORAinjectionsolutionsthespraywaterisatomisedtoanoptimumbutstillneedstimetoafullyevaporation.減溫減壓閥下游管道應(yīng)有一個最小長度的直線管道。根據(jù)HORA噴水設(shè)計,噴出的水形成最適宜的噴霧狀態(tài),但仍需等待一些時間將其全部蒸發(fā)掉。HORA′sguidevalueforthedistancetothefirstpipebendis~10timesthenominaldiameterwithaminimumof2-5m.Thisminimumdistanceisalsothepointtochangethepipespecification.管道第一個拐彎處距離HORA指導(dǎo)數(shù)值為10倍公差直徑,最小值為2-5M。這個最小距離也是更改管道規(guī)格的依據(jù)。ForHP-Bypassvalvesgoingtothecoldreheatorsimilarapplicationshedistancecouldbereducedinaccordanceto:高壓旁路閥冷卻再加熱或類似的應(yīng)用,其距離可依據(jù)下列數(shù)值:?thedegreeofsuperheat(>100°C過熱度(>100°C?thespraywatertemperature(>150°C.減溫水溫度(>150°CThestraightlengthmightbeincreasedforHRHBypassvalvesgoingtothecondenserorsimilarapplicationstominimisetheriskofnonevaporatedwaterinaccordanceto:HRH旁路閥的冷凝器或類似應(yīng)用,其直線管道長度可加長,使水蒸干的風(fēng)險降低到最小,根據(jù)下列參數(shù):?thedegreeofsuperheat(<20°C過熱度(<20°C?watertemperature(<100°C減溫水溫度(>100°C?waterratio(>25%減溫水與蒸汽比率(>25%Everythingsaidfortheavoidanceofwaterintheupstreampipingalsoappliesdownstream(seedrains.任何上流管道中所述有關(guān)水的注意事項也同樣適用于下流管道(見疏水:HORA′sguidevalueforaslopewiththeflowismin.1%.霍拉推薦安裝傾斜角度不小于1%(旁路閥處于高位Adrainshouldbeprovidedathelowestpoint.疏水管道應(yīng)提供管道最低點。PRDSInstallationGuide安裝指導(dǎo)Spraywaterpipe減溫水管道AproperinstallationbetweenthePRDSvalveandthespraywatercontrolvalveisimportantforthefunctionofthesystem.Itisrequiredtopreventthespraywaterpipingfromemptyingtoensureacontinuous,immediatesupplyofwater.減溫減壓器與減溫水調(diào)節(jié)閥之間的正確安裝對于系統(tǒng)功能起著重要的作用。要防止減溫水管系內(nèi)的連續(xù),保證及時供水。?ThepipingcomingfromthespraywatercontrolvalvegoingtothePRDSvalveorBypassstationshallbearrangedbelowthelevelofthewaterstud.從減溫水調(diào)節(jié)閥到減溫減壓閥或電站旁路的管系應(yīng)在減溫減壓閥或電站旁路減溫水入口水平面以下。?Thedistancebetweenthespraywatercontrolvalveandthewaterstudshouldbeminimisedandnotexceedalengthof5m.減溫水調(diào)節(jié)閥與減溫水入口之間的距離應(yīng)盡量最小,不超過5米的長度。?IfthePRDSvalvehasmorethanonewaterconnectionthewatershouldbesuppliedthroughasymmetricalrisingpipe.ThisensuresacontinuousandconstantsupplyofthespraywatertothenozzlesofthePRDSvalve.如果減溫減壓閥有多路減溫水管道的連接,那么該閥應(yīng)由對稱抬高的管道供水。這是為保證向減溫減壓閥連續(xù)不間斷供應(yīng)減溫水。Drains疏水管道Condensateornonevaporatedspraywaterinthevalveorsteampipingisverydangerous.閥門或蒸汽管道中存在凝結(jié)水或未蒸發(fā)的減溫水是非常危險的。?Erosiononpipingandvalve造成管道和閥門的腐蝕?Vibrationsandwaterhammer引起閥門振動和水擊?Dropletscanhitthetemperaturesensorcausingcontrolproblems水滴滴到溫度傳感器上,導(dǎo)致控制上出現(xiàn)問題。UpstreamdrainsareessentialtoprotectthePRDSvalve.ThedrainconnectionsshallbeatthelowestpointandnearesttothePRDSvalve.Itisrecommendedtoavoidaninstallationwiththevalveatthelowpoint,thedraincouldbeundersizedorblocked.Neverthelessdependingonthepipingslopethevalvescanbeequippedwithdrainstuds.Thestudshouldnotbetoosmall.上游疏水對保護減溫減壓器至關(guān)重要,疏水管道連接應(yīng)設(shè)在最低點,距減溫減壓器最近位置。建議避免將閥門安裝在低位,可導(dǎo)致疏水較少或不流通。Thedrainsizeisafunctionofthevalvedesign,mountingorientationandthevolumeofthenon-self-drainingareainthevalvebody.ItisadvisedtoaskHORAforaagreement.疏水管道大小根據(jù)閥門設(shè)計、安裝方向和閥體內(nèi)非自排區(qū)域的大小而定。建議參照HORA相關(guān)設(shè)計指導(dǎo)。HORA′sguidevalueforastandarddrainconnectionupstream(condensateisaG?”pipethread.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上游疏水管道連接(冷凝水,HORA的指導(dǎo)值為G?管子螺紋。PRDSInstallationGuide安裝指導(dǎo)Itisalsoimportanttoprotectthedownstreamsystem.Theconnectionhastobeatlowestpointafterthevalve.Ithastobeavoidedthatthevalveisatthelowpointbecausewatercanaccumulateandcauseseriousdamage.Aminimumslopeof1%isrecommended(seePiping.保護下游管系同樣重要,連接的管道必須在閥門后面最低點。要避免將閥門安裝在低位上,以免水的積聚導(dǎo)致閥門損壞?；衾扑]安裝傾斜角度不小于1%(旁路閥處于高位(見Piping。PRDSInstallationGuide安裝指導(dǎo)Therequiredstraightpipinglength(seepipingdownstreamhastobeconsideredbutalsoamalfunctionofthetemperaturesensor(seetemperaturesensorhastobeavoided.按要求應(yīng)考慮直線管道長度(見下游管道,同時避免溫度傳感器故障(見溫度傳感器。HORA′sguidevalueforastandarddrainconnectiondownstreamistosizeitfor~10%ofthemaximumspraywateramount.Thiswillconsidernotonlycondensateformationbutalsoleakingsprayvalves.Thelocationofthedrainshallbe2/3ofthedistancetothetemperaturesensor.下游管道的疏水連接標(biāo)準(zhǔn),HORA指導(dǎo)值為滿足最大噴水量的10%大小。同時,冷凝物與閥門噴水泄漏也要予以考慮。疏水管道位置是距溫度傳感器2/3的距離。FortheHRHBypassvalvesthenonevaporatedwaterhastodrainofffreelyintothecondenser.Inplantswithair-cooledcondenseradrainisused.HRH旁路閥未蒸發(fā)的減溫水必須全部(排出。疏放到冷凝器內(nèi),電廠應(yīng)使用空氣冷卻冷凝器。Pre-Heating預(yù)熱Pre-Heatinglinespreventtheformationofcondensateandreducetheriskofthermalstress.EspeciallyincaseswherethePRDSvalveisclosedinnormalconditions(e.g.BypassValvespreheatinghastobearranged.Atcontinuousoperationcondensationislittlewhetheratfrequentopeningandclosing(e.g.start-upandshutdowntheproductionisabigproblem.預(yù)熱管系用來防止冷凝物的形成并減少熱應(yīng)力的風(fēng)險,尤其是在減溫減壓閥正常關(guān)閉的情況下(例如:旁路調(diào)節(jié)閥應(yīng)進行預(yù)熱處理。無論閥門是否頻繁關(guān)閉、開啟(例如:啟動和關(guān)閉,很小的連續(xù)冷凝操作都導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)品出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重問題。Theamountofpreheatinghastodeterminedbythecustomerbutmustmaintainthevalveupstreamconditionsabovesaturation.Pre-HeatingoftheupstreampipingisnotrequiredwhenthePRDSvalveislocatedabovethemainsteamline.預(yù)熱量取決于用戶,但要在飽和以上狀態(tài)時維持閥門上游條件。當(dāng)減溫減壓閥在主蒸汽管道位置時,上游管系不需要預(yù)熱。Theabovesolutionisusingthenaturalpressuredropinthesteamline.WarmingdownstreamofthePRDSvalvecanbeprovidedwithinthevalveplugbyholeof~10mmforacontinuous“l(fā)eakage”.InthiscaseHORAwillsupplyascrewplugtosealofftheholeduringshippingandpressuretesting.Duringcommissioning(seePickling,Flushing,BlowOutDevicethescrewcanbereplacedwithascrewincl.ableedholeof~?1mm.Anothercommonsolutionofpre-heatingisusingabypassvalve.在蒸汽管道自然滴水時使用以上處理方法。減溫減壓閥的閥芯上開一個10MM大小的連續(xù)排放孔,給下游管道加溫。HORA提供有螺紋塞可在閥門運輸和壓力試驗時對其進行密封。調(diào)試期間(見酸洗、沖洗、吹掃裝置,可把螺紋塞更換成一個帶有~?1mm的放水孔。Temperaturesensor溫度傳感器ItisdesirabletohavethetemperaturesensorascloseafterthePRDSvalveaspossibleinordertoreducethesignallagtime.Thedistancedependsonthedegreeofsuperheat.Thehighertemperaturetheshorterthedistance.為減少減溫減壓器關(guān)閉動作的延遲信號時間,應(yīng)加裝溫度傳感器,其距離取決于過熱溫度。溫度越高,距離越短。Thetemperaturesensorsarefitteddownstreaminthestraightpipingatleastafterthevalve(min.5mandincaseofhorizontalpiping~30°rotatedoftheverticalpiping.溫度傳感器安裝在直線下游管道上,至少在閥門后10xDN的位置上,這時橫向管道與縱向管道成30°旋轉(zhuǎn)角。Inrangeapplicationsanarrangementof3sensorswithahighvalueselectionisrecommended高質(zhì)量應(yīng)用推薦安裝3個傳感器。ForHP-Bypassvalvesgoingtothecoldreheatorsimilarapplicationshedistancecouldbereducedinaccordanceto:對于高壓旁路調(diào)節(jié)閥的冷卻再加熱或類似應(yīng)用,其距離根據(jù)如下參數(shù)相應(yīng)減小:?thedegreeofsuperheat(>100°C過熱度(>100°C?thespraywatertemperature(>150°C.減溫水溫度(>150°CThedistancemightbeincreasedforHRHBypassvalvesgoingtothecondenserorsimilarapplications.inaccordanceto:對于HRH旁路調(diào)節(jié)閥的冷凝或類似應(yīng)用,其距離可根據(jù)如下參數(shù)加大:?thedegreeofsuperheat(<20°C過熱度(<20°C?watertemperature(<100°C減溫水溫度(<100°C?waterratio(>25%減溫水與蒸汽比率(>25%Afeedforwardcontrol(seecontrolisrecommendedforthisapplication.給水調(diào)節(jié)建議應(yīng)用下列設(shè)備(見控制設(shè)備Control控制設(shè)備ThetypeofcontrolsystemisdictatedbytheapplicationandhastobeselectedtogetherwiththeenduserandtheInstrumentationsupplier.PRDSvalvescombinethepressurecontrolandtemperaturecontrol.Thepressureandtemperaturecontrollersgivetheinputtothecontrolvalves.Thepressurecontrolsystemisaclosedloopwithfeedbackandquiteuncomplicated.控制系統(tǒng)類型取決于應(yīng)用類型,并與最終用戶和指定供應(yīng)商一起選擇。減溫減壓閥與壓力、溫度控制設(shè)備連接。壓力、溫度控制器輸入控制閥門。壓力控制系統(tǒng)是一個帶反饋的簡單封閉回路。Thespraywatercontrolcanberealisedbasicallybyatemperaturecontrolorafeedforwardcontrolwithaheatbalancecalculation.ForbothsystemsainterlockbetweenspraywaterandPRDSvalveshallbeusedtoopenthesteamvalvebeforethewatervalveandclosethewatervalvebeforethesteamvalve.噴水控制釋放動作由一個帶熱平衡計算器的前饋控制。在減溫水和減溫減壓閥之間的連鎖系統(tǒng)用于打開蒸汽閥。Thedirectmethodofthetemperaturecontrolrequiresadistancebetweenthewaterinjectionpointandthesensor.AdownstreamtemperaturecontrollerismonitoringthetemperatureleavingthePRDSvalveandisadjustingthespraywatercontrolvalvetomaintainthesetpointtemperature.Forthetemperaturemeasurementthesteamhastobeabsolutelydry,allwaterisevaporated.Thesetpointtemperatureofthesteamhasbeminimum8°Coversaturation.溫度直接控制操作要求噴水點和傳感器之間有一個距離。下游溫度控制器對減溫減壓閥溫度進行監(jiān)測,調(diào)節(jié)閥門噴水來維持其溫度設(shè)定值。蒸汽溫度測量要絕對干燥,所有的水分都要蒸干。蒸汽溫度設(shè)定值必須最小超過飽和溫度8°C。Aclosedlooptemperaturecontrolisonlyusedwhenthedownstreamsetpointtemperaturecanbemeasuredandusedforfeedback.只有當(dāng)下游溫度設(shè)置可測量和反饋時,才使用封閉回路溫度控制。ThefeedforwardcontrolcanbeeasilyintegratedintheDCSsystem.Itreactsfaster,beforeaneventandavoidstoinjectaincorrectamountofspraywater.Withthissystema