基于solidworks機床夾具設(shè)計外文翻譯詳解

2604130359CNCCuttingTechnologyReviewNumericalcontrolhighspeedcuttingtechnology(HighSpeedMachining,HSM,orHighSpeedCutting,HSC),isoneoftheadvancedmanufacturingtechnologytoimprovethemachiningefficiencyandquality,thestudyofrelatedtechnologyhasbecomeanimportantresearchdirectionofadvancedmanufacturingtechnologyathomeandabroad.Chinaisabigmanufacturingcountry,intheworldofindustrytransfertoacceptthefrontinsteadofback-endofthetransfer,tomasterthecoretechnologyofadvancedmanufacturing,orinanewroundofinternationalindustrialstructureadjustment,ourcountrymanufacturingindustrywillfurtherbehind.Imminentresearchonthetheoryandapplicationofadvancedtechnology.high-speedCNCmachiningmeaningHighspeedcuttingtheoryputforwardbytheGermanphysicistCarl.J.Salomoninthelastcenturyandearlythirty's.Heconcludedbyalotofexperiments:inthenormalrangeofcuttingspeed,cuttingspeediftheincrease,willcausethecuttingtemperaturerise,exacerbatingthewearofcuttingtool;however,whenthecuttingspeedisincreasedtoacertainvalue,aslongasmorethantheinflectionpoint,withtheincreaseofthecuttingspeed,cuttingtemperaturecannotrise,butwilldecline,soaslongasthecuttingspeedishighenough,itcanbesolvedverywellinhighcuttingtemperaturecausedbytoolwearisnotconducivetothecuttingproblem,obtainedgoodprocessingefficiency.Withthedevelopmentofmanufacturingindustry,thistheoryisgraduallypaidmoreattentionto,andattractedalotofattention,onthebasisofthistheoryhasgraduallyformedthefieldofhigh-speedcuttingtechnologyofNC,relativelyearlyresearchonNCHigh-speedMachiningTechnologyindevelopedcountries,throughthetheoreticalbasisoftheresearch,basicresearchandappliedresearchanddevelopmentapplication,atpresentapplicationshaveenteredthesubstantivestageinsomeareas.Thehigh-speedcuttingprocessingcategory,generallyhavethefollowingseveralkindsofclassificationmethods,oneistoseethatcuttingspeed,cuttingspeedoverconventionalcuttingspeedis5-10timesofhighspeedcutting.Alsohasthescholartospindlespeedasthedefinitionofhigh-speedprocessingstandards,thatthespindlespeedishigherthanthatof8000r\/minforhighspeedmachining.Andfromthemachinetoolspindledesignpointofview,withtheproductofDNdiameterofspindleandspindlespeed,ifthevalueofDNto(5~2000)*105mm.r\/min,isconsideredtobeofhighspeedmachining.Inpractice,differentprocessingmethods,differentmaterials,highspeedcuttingspeedcorrespondingtodifferent.Isgenerallybelievedthattheturningspeedof(700~7000)m\/min,millingspeedreachesm\/min(300~6000),thatisinthehigh-speedcutting.Inaddition,fromthepracticalconsiderations,high-speedmachiningconceptnotonlycontainsthehighspeedcuttingprocess,integrationandoptimizationalsocontainstheprocessofcutting,isacanobtaingoodeconomicbenefitsandhighspeed,istheunityoftechnologyandbenefit.High-speedcuttingtechnologyisinthemachinetoolstructureandmaterials,machinetooldesign,manufacturingtechnology,high-speedspindlesystem,highperformanceandfastfeedingsystem,ahighperformanceCNCsystem,toolholdersystem,highperformancetoolmaterialandtooldesignandmanufacturingtechnology,highefficiencyandhighprecisionmeasurementandtestingtechnology,themechanismofhighspeedcutting,highspeedcuttingprocessandotherrelatedhardwareandsoftwaretechnologyarefullyintegratedintothedevelopmentfoundation.Therefore,highspeedcuttingtechnologyisacomplexsystemengineering,isawiththerelatedtechnologydevelopmentandthedevelopmentoftheconceptof.thesuperiorityofhigh-speedCNCmachiningDuetothelargeamplitudeoftheincreaseofthecuttingspeed,highspeedmachiningtechnologynotonlyimprovesthecuttingproductivity,andcomparedwiththeconventionalcuttingalsohassomeobviousadvantages:first,smallcuttingforce:inhighspeedmilling,cuttingadoptstheformofsmallquantities,highcuttingspeed,thecuttingforceisreducedby30%comparedtotheconventionalcutting,especiallytheradialcuttingforcegreatlyspindlebearing,tool,workpieceisreduced.Bothtoreducetoolwear,andeffectivecontrolofthevibrationmachiningsystem,improvethemachiningaccuracy.Second,thematerialremovalrateishigh:theuseofhighspeedcutting,cuttingspeedandfeedrateareimprovedgreatly,thesametimethematerialremovalrateisimprovedgreatly.Thusgreatlyimprovetheprocessingefficiency.Third,thermaldeformationsmall:inthehigh-speedcutting,cuttingheat,mostofthetimetotheworkpiecebytheoutflowofhigh-speedchipaway,sotheheatingtimeofthemachinedsurfaceisshort,notbecauseofthetemperatureriseleadstothermaldeformation,ishelpfultoimprovethesurfaceaccuracy,physicalandmechanicalpropertiesofthemachinedsurfaceprocessingmethodisbetterthanthecommon.Fourth,highprecisionmachining:highspeedcuttingusuallyfeedisrelativelysmall,sothatthemachinedsurfaceroughnessisgreatlyreduced,atthesametimeasthecuttingforceissmallerthantheconventionalvibrationcutting,machiningsystemisreduced,themachiningprocessmoresmoothly,sothatgoodquality,canrealizehighaccuracy,lowdegreeofroughmachining.Fifth,thegreenenvironmentalprotection:whenhighspeedcutting,workpiecemachiningtimeisshortened,theuseofenergyandequipmentrate,highprocessingefficiency,lowprocessingenergyconsumption,atthesametime,duetothehighspeedcuttingcanbeachievedevenwithoutdrycutting,reducethecuttingfluid,reducepollutionandconsumption.Researchandapplicationofnumericalcontrolhighspeedcuttingtechnology,3Inviewoftheabovecharacteristicsofhighspeedmachining,thetechnologyhasgreatapplicationpotentialinthefieldoftraditionalprocessingweak.Firstofall,theworkpieceforthin-wallpartsandslender,usesthehigh-speedcutting,thecuttingforceissignificantlyreduced,theheatischippingaway,canbeverygoodforusingthetraditionalmethodofthedeformationproblemcausedduetotheinfluenceofcuttingforceandcuttingheat,greatlyimprovingtheprocessingquality.Secondly,becauseofthecuttingresistanceissmall,toreducetoolwear,materialsofhighmanganesesteel,hardenedsteel,austeniticstainlesssteel,compositematerials,wear-resistantcastironisdifficulttobeprocessedbytraditionalmethods,canbestudiedusingnumericalcontrolhighspeedcuttingtechnologytoprocess.Inaddition,intheautomotive,aerospace,mold,manufacturingfield,someintegralcomponentsrequirerelativelylargematerialremovalrate,thefeedspeedCNChighspeedcuttingwiththecuttingspeedincreaseandthecorrespondingincreaseinunittime,sothatthematerialremovalrateisgreatlyimproved,thusinthemoldmanufacturing,automobilemanufacturing,aerospacemanufacturingapplicationofnumericalcontrolhighspeedcuttingtechnology,willproducetheenormouseconomicbenefits.Fourth,becauseofthehigh-speedcutting,machiningprocessisstable,thevibrationissmall,comparedwiththeconventionalcutting,highspeedcuttingcansignificantlyimprovetheprecisionof1~2,canbecancelledcompletelyfinishing,andsubsequent,adoptnumericalcontrolhighspeedcuttingtechnology,canachieveandrough,finishingontheoverallstructureofcomplexpartsinamachine,reducesthelikelihoodoflocatingerrortransferprocess,whichisalsoconducivetoimprovethemachiningaccuracy.Therefore,highspeedcuttingtechnologyhasawideapplicationprospectinprecisionmanufacturing.Aluminiummouldsuchasabusinessprocess,themoldcavitylengthis1500mm,therequiredsizeerrorof±0.05mm,surfaceroughnessRa0.8科m,manufacturingprocesstheoriginal:roughplaning-semifinishplaning-finishing-Manualscraping-manualpolishing,manufacturingcycleis60hours.Usinghighspeedmilling,aftersemi-finishmachiningandfinishmachining,theprocessingcycleisonly6hours,notonlyimproveefficiency,butalsogreatlyimprovethequalityofmold.researchonKeyTechnologiesofhigh-speedCNCmachiningNCHigh-speedmachiningisacomplexsystemsengineering,involvescuttingmechanism,cuttingmachine,cutter,cuttingprocessmonitoringandprocessingtechnologyandotherrelatedhardwareandsoftwaretechnology,implementationanddevelopmentofnumericalcontrolhighspeedcuttingtechnology,relyonthissystemofvariouselements,thekeytechnologytorealizehigh-speedCNCcuttingtechnologycannotdowithout,specificallyinthefollowingaspects:themechanismofhighspeedcutting:thevariousmaterialsinhighspeedmachiningconditions,thechipformationmechanism,variationofcuttingforce,cuttingheat,toolwearpatternsandeffectsonthesurfacequality,thebasictheoryaboveexperimentsandresearch,willbeconducivetopromotingthehigh-speedcuttingprocessfordeterminingandcuttingtheamountofchoice,andprovideatheoreticalbasisfortheprocessingofspecificpartsandmaterialformulation,whichbelongstothetechnicalprinciple.Atpresent,todeterminetheprocessspecificationofhighspeedcuttingandcuttingferrousmetalsanddifficulttomachinematerials,isoneofthedifficultiesintheproductionofhigh-speedcutting,andisalsothefocusofresearchinthefieldofhighspeedmachining.technologyofhighspeedcuttingmachinetoolmodule:high-speedcuttingmachineneedshigh-speedspindlesystem,feedingsystemandhigh-speedCNCcontrolsystem.Abletoworkinveryhighspeedunderthehigh-speedprocessingrequirementsofspindleunit,theabovegeneralspindlespeed10000r\/min,someevenashighas60000-100000r\/min,andtoensuregooddynamicandthermalproperties.Thekeypartisthemainshaftbearing,itdecidesthelifeofhigh-speedspindleandloadcapacity,oneofthecorecomponentsandhigh-speedcuttingmachinetoolspindlestructure,improvementandperformanceimprovementisoneofthemostimportanttechnologyofhigh-speedmachinetools.Anotherimportantelementofthetechnologyishighspeedfeedsystem.Withthedevelopmentofmachinetoolspindlespeedincreasing,inordertoensureeachcutterteethorfeedingamountperrotationinvariant,machinetoolfeedspeedandaccelerationisalsoacorrespondingincrease,thesametimetoimprovetravelspeed.Therefore,machinetoolfeedsystemmustmovequicklyandfastandaccuratepositioning,whichisobviouslyonthemachinetoolguide,servosystem,workingtable,putforwardnewandhigherrequirements,isthekeytechnologyofhigh-speedmachinetooltechnologycontrolunit.thehighspeedcuttingtooltechnologymodule:high-speedmachiningprocesssystemcomposedofmachinetools,toolandworkpiece,toolisthemostactivefactor.Thecuttingtoolisoneofthekeytechnologytoensurehighspeedcuttingsmoothly.Withthesubstantialincreaseofcuttingvelocity,haveputforwarddifferentfromtraditionalspeedcuttingrequirementsofcuttingtoolmaterials,geometricparametersofcuttingtool,cutterbodystructure,highspeedcuttingtoolmaterialandtoolmanufacturingtechnologyhasundergonetremendouschanges,high-speedmachining,toensureproductivityandhighmachiningprecision,butalsototoensuresafetyandreliability.Therefore,highspeedcuttingtoolsystemmustmeetwithaclamprepeatpositioningaccuracyofgeometricaccuracygoodandhighloading,clampingrigidity,goodhighspeedwhentheequilibriumstateandsafeandreliable.Asfaraspossibletoreducetheknifebodyquality,inordertoreducethehighspeedrotatingcentrifugalforcebysecurity,meettherequirementforhighspeedcuttingtool,clampingmethodimprovement.Technologyresearchanddevelopmenttoolsystemisoneofthekeytasksofhigh-speedCNCmachining.numericalcontrolhighspeedcuttingprocess:highspeedcuttingasanewcuttingmethod,tobeappliedtoactualproduction,thelackofapplicationexamplesforreference,nottheamountofcuttingandprocessingparameterdatabase,parameteroptimizationtechnologyofhighspeedmachiningisoneofthekeytechnologiesofthecurrentconstraintsshouldbeused.Inaddition,thehigh-speedcuttingpartsNCprogrammustensurestableloadinthewholecuttingprocess,butmostCNCsoftwareisnowusedintheautomaticprogrammingfunctionstillcannotmeettherequirements,needstobeaddedandoptimizedbymanualprogramming,whichreducesthehighspeedcuttingvalueinacertainextent,muststudyanewprogrammingmethod,sothatthecuttingdatapowercharacteristiccurveforhighspeedspindle,givefullplaytotheadvantagesofnumericalcontrolhighspeedcutting.Developmentandcomprehensivedevelopmentandapplicationofhighspeedmachiningtechnologydependsonthekeytechnologyoftheaboveprinciples,machinetool,cuttingtool,theprocessofthe.Researchstatusanddevelopmenttrendofhighspeedcuttingtechnology,5Duetothehighspeedcuttinghasgreatpotentialinimprovingproductionefficiency,hasalreadybecomeimportanttechnologiesinthefieldofcompetingfortheUnitedStatesandJapan,Germanyandothercountries.TheUnitedStatesJapanasearlyasthe60century,startedtostudyonthemechanismofhighspeedcutting.Thelastcentury70's,theUnitedStateshasdevelopedhigh-speedmillingmachinemaximumspeedofupto20000r\/min.Now,EuropeandtheUnitedStatesandotherdevelopedcountriestheproductionofdifferentspecificationsofthevarioushigh-speedmachinetoolhasthecommercialproductionandintothemarket,theactualapplicationinaircraft,automotiveandmoldmanufacturingindustry.Forexample,manufacturingenterprisesintheAmericanBoeingaircraft,hasadoptedthehigh-speedCNCmachiningtechnologytomachiningintegralsuperhigh-speedmillingofaluminumalloy,titaniumalloythin-walledstructureandthewaveguide,flexiblegyroscopeframeoftheordinarymethodofparts.Inrecentyears,theUnitedStates,Europe,JapanandothercountriesofthenewgenerationofNCmachinetools,high-speedmachiningcenter,highspeedtoolsystemandindustrializationprocessfurtherspeedupthepace,thespecializedproductionelectricspindletechnologyandhighperformanceproductsincrease;toolsystemtechnologyofhighperformancerapiddevelopment;applicationoflinearmotorinhighspeedfeedsystem.Ourcountryintheresearchanddevelopmentofhighspeedcuttingtechnology,manyuniversitiesandresearcheffortsandexploration,includingcuttingmechanism,cuttingtoolmaterial,spindlebearing,etc.,havealsomadeconsiderableachievements.However,comparedwithdevelopedcountries,thereisstillabiggap,basicallystillintheresearchstageoflaboratory.Inordertomeettheneedsofeconomicandsocialdevelopment,tomeettheneedsofaerospace,automobile,moldandotherindustry,NCApplicationResearchofhigh-speedcuttingtechnologyhasalongwaytogo.Atpresent,theresearchofhigh-speedcuttingtechnologyhasbeentotheapplicationstagefromthestageofexperiment.Researchintheapplicationofincludestwoaspects:oneisthebasictheoreticalresearchonthekeytechnologyofhighspeedmachining,includinghighspeedspindleunitandahighspeedfeedunit,realizingthelocalizationofhigh-speedmachinetool.Ontheotherhand,basedonexistinglaboratorypracticetechnology,applicationofprocessperformanceandprocessscope.Amongthem,researchonthehighspeedcuttingprocessisoneofthemostactiveresearchareasatpresent,themaingoalistodirectlyprocessthroughadvancedequipmenttestingorimport,processingtechnologytoresolvetheissueofkeyparts,thedevelopmentandperfectionofthehigh-speedcuttingmethodofspecialmaterials;researchanddevelopmenttoadapttotheCAD\/CAMsoftwaresysteminhighspeedmachiningandpostprocessingsystem,theprocessingstatesafetymonitoringsystembasedonanewdetectiontechnology.Whenweenteredthetwenty-firstCentury,fromtheobservationoftheworld,weareintheadvancedmanufacturingtechnologyunprecedentedrapiddevelopmentperiod.DuetotheadventofCNCmachinetool(NC),thedevelopmentofaseriesofCNCmachining,suchasmachiningcenter(MC),flexiblemanufacturingunitofflexiblemanufacturingsystem(FMS),computerintegratedmanufacturingsystem,andeventheemergenceofvirtualaxismachinetooliscompletelydifferentwiththetraditionalmachine(alsoknownasthesixlegsmachine),closelyandmachinetoolatthesametimecomplementeachotherupthedevelopmentofhighspeedmachiningtechnology,newtools,newtechnology,makethemechanicalprocessinggreatlyreducesthelaborintensity,auxiliarytimeisgreatlyshortened,theproductqualityandtheproductionefficiencyisimprovedgreatly,becomethedevelopmentofmanufacturingindustryandtheglobaleconomyhasplayedatremendousroleinpromoting.InthecaseoftheUnitedStates,themanufacturingindustryisknownasthemosteconomicsectorsintheUnitedStates,fortheUnitedStatesinthe90'sgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)growthreached29%.Today,vigorouslydeveloptheNCtechnologyandequipment,hasbecomethestrategicdecisionofthegovernmentsintheworld,withCNCequippedmodernindustryandtransformationoftraditionalindustrieshavebecomethedevelopingdirectionofmanufacturingcountriesintheworld.Inthelate90'sastheoutputofCNCmachinetoolsofGermany,Japan,Italy,theratehasreachedmorethan51.75%.CNCmachinetoolshasbecomethemainequipmentinmodernmanufacturingtechnology,NCmachiningtechnologyhasbecomethemainstreamoftheadvancedmanufacturingtechnology,aneweraofthemodernmanufacturingindustry.Theparty'ssixteenbigclearlypointedout:"torevitalizetheequipmentmanufacturingindustry".NewChina'sequipmentmanufacturingindustryaftermanygenerations,especiallythe20yearsofreformandopeningupandmodernizationconstruction,hasestablishedarelativelycomplete,independentindustrialsystem,hasthecertainmaterialandtechnicalbasis,theoverallproductionscalehasbeenrankedthefourthintheworld.Manyeconomistspredict,in數(shù)控切削技術(shù)綜述數(shù)控高速切削技術(shù)(HighSpeedMachining,HSM,或HighSpeedCutting,HSC),是提高加工效率和加工質(zhì)量的先進制造技術(shù)之一,相關(guān)技術(shù)的研究已成為國內(nèi)外先進制造技術(shù)領(lǐng)域重要的研究方向。我國是制造大國,在世界產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移中要盡量接受前端而不是后端的轉(zhuǎn)移,即要掌,我國制造業(yè)將進一步落后。研究先,我國制造業(yè)將進一步落后。研究先進技術(shù)的理論和應(yīng)用迫在眉睫。1、數(shù)控高速切削加工的含義高速切削理論由德國物理學(xué)家Carl.J.Salomon在上世紀(jì)三十年代初提出的。他通過大量的實驗研究得出結(jié)論:在正常的切削速度范圍內(nèi),切削速度如果提高,會導(dǎo)致切削溫度上升,從而加劇了切削刀具的磨損;然而,當(dāng)切削速度提高到某一定值后,只要超過這個拐點,隨著切削速度提高,切削溫度就不會升高,反而會下降,因此只要切削速度足夠高,就可以很好的解決切削溫度過高而造成刀具磨損不利于切削的問題,獲得良好的加工效益。隨著制造工業(yè)的發(fā)展,這一理論逐漸被重視,并吸引了眾多研究目光,在此理論基礎(chǔ)上逐漸形成了數(shù)控高速切削技術(shù)研究領(lǐng)域,數(shù)控高速切削加工技術(shù)在發(fā)達國家的研究相對較早,經(jīng)歷了理論基礎(chǔ)研究、應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究以及應(yīng)用研究和發(fā)展應(yīng)用,目前已經(jīng)在一些領(lǐng)域進入實質(zhì)應(yīng)用階段。關(guān)于高速切削加工的范疇,一般有以下幾種劃分方法,一種是以切削速度來看,認(rèn)為切削速度超過常規(guī)切削速度5-10倍即為高速切削。也有學(xué)者以主軸的轉(zhuǎn)速作為界定高速加工的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),認(rèn)為主軸轉(zhuǎn)速高于8000r/min即為高速加工。還有從機床主軸設(shè)計的角度,以主軸直徑和主軸轉(zhuǎn)速的乘積DNt義，如果DN直達到(5~2000)x105mm.r/min,則認(rèn)為是高速加工。生產(chǎn)實踐中,加工方法不同、材料不同,高速切削速度也相應(yīng)不同。一般認(rèn)為車削速度達到(700~7000)m/min,銑削的速度達到(300~6000)m/min,即認(rèn)為是高速切削。另外,從生產(chǎn)實際考慮,高速切削加工概念不僅包含著切削過程的高速,還包含工藝過程的集成和優(yōu)化,是一個可由此獲得良好經(jīng)濟效益的高速度的切削加工,是技術(shù)和效益的統(tǒng)一。高速切削技術(shù)是在機床結(jié)構(gòu)及材料、機床設(shè)計、制造技術(shù)、高速主軸系統(tǒng)、快速進給系統(tǒng)、高性能CNC(統(tǒng)、高性能刀夾系統(tǒng)、高性能刀具材料及刀具設(shè)計制造技術(shù)、高效高精度測量測試技術(shù)、高速切削機理、高速切削工藝等諸多相關(guān)硬件和軟件技術(shù)均得到充分發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)之上綜合而成的。因此,高速切削技術(shù)是一個復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程,是一個隨相關(guān)技術(shù)發(fā)展而不斷發(fā)展的概念。2、數(shù)控高速切削加工的優(yōu)越性由于切削速度的大幅度提高,高速切削加工技術(shù)不僅提高了切削加工的生產(chǎn)率,和常規(guī)切削相比還具有一些明顯的優(yōu)越性:第一、切削力小:在高速銑削加工中,采用小切削量、高切削速度的切削形式,使切削力比常規(guī)切削降低30%以上,尤其是主軸軸承、刀具、工件受到的徑向切削力大幅度減少。既減輕刀具磨損,又有效控制了加工系統(tǒng)的振動,有利于提高加工精度。第二、材料切除率高:采用高速切削,切削速度和進給速度都大幅度提高,相同時間內(nèi)的材料切除率也相應(yīng)大大提高。從而大大提高了加工效率。第三、工件熱變形小:在高速切削TOC\o"1-5"\h\z時,大部分的切削熱來不及傳給工件就被高速流出的切屑帶走,因此加工表面的受熱時間短,不會由于溫升導(dǎo)致熱變形,有利于提高表面精度,加工表面的物理力學(xué)性能也比普通加工方法要好。第四、加工精度高:高速切削通常進給量也比較小,使加工表面的粗糙度大大降低,同時由于切削力小于常規(guī)切削,加工系統(tǒng)的振動降低,加工過程更平穩(wěn),因此能獲得良好的表明質(zhì)量,可實現(xiàn)高精度、低粗糙度加工。第五、綠色環(huán)保:高速切削時,工件的加工時間縮短,能源和設(shè)備的利用率提高了,加工效率高,加工能耗低,同時由于高速切削可以實現(xiàn)干式切削減少甚至不用切削液,減少污染和能耗。3、數(shù)控高速切削技術(shù)的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域研究鑒于以上所述高速切削加工的特點,使該技術(shù)在傳統(tǒng)加工薄弱的領(lǐng)域有著巨大應(yīng)用潛力。首先,對于薄壁類零件和細(xì)長的工件,采用高速切削,切削力顯著降低,熱量被切屑帶走,可以很好的彌補采用傳統(tǒng)方法時由于切削力和切削熱的影響而造成其變形的問題,大大提高了加工質(zhì)量。其次,由于切削抗力小,刀具磨損減緩,高錳鋼、淬硬鋼、奧氏體不銹鋼、復(fù)合材料、耐磨鑄鐵等用傳統(tǒng)方法難以加工的材料,可以研究采用數(shù)控高速切削技術(shù)來加工。另外,在汽車、模具、航天航空等制造領(lǐng)域,一些整體構(gòu)件需要比較大的材料切除率,由于數(shù)控高速切削的進給速度可隨切削速度的提高而相應(yīng)提高,使得單位時間內(nèi)的材料切除率大大提高,因而在模具制造、汽車制造、航空航天制造中,數(shù)控高速切削技術(shù)的應(yīng)用將產(chǎn)生巨大的經(jīng)濟效益。第四,由于高速切削時,加工過程平穩(wěn)、振動小,與常規(guī)切削相比,高速切削可顯著提高加工精度1~2級,完全可以取消后續(xù)的光整加工,同時,采用數(shù)控高速切削技術(shù),能夠在一臺機床上實現(xiàn)對復(fù)雜整體結(jié)構(gòu)件同時進行粗、精加工,減少了轉(zhuǎn)工序中可能的定位誤差,因而也有利于提高工件的加工精度。因此,高速切削技術(shù)在精密制造中有著廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。如某企業(yè)加工的鋁質(zhì)模具,模具型腔長達1500mm，要求尺寸精度誤差土0.05mm,表面粗糙度Ra0.8科m,原先的制造工藝為：粗刨一半精刨一精刨一手工鏟刮一手工拋光,制造周期要60小時。采用高速銑床加工后,經(jīng)過半精加工和精加工,加工周期僅需6小時,不僅效率提高,而且模具質(zhì)量也大大提高。4、實現(xiàn)數(shù)控高速切削加工的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究數(shù)控高速切削加工是一個復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程,涉及到切削機理、切削機床、刀具、切削過程監(jiān)控及加工工藝等諸多相關(guān)的硬件與軟件技術(shù),數(shù)控高速切削技術(shù)的實施和發(fā)展,依賴于此系統(tǒng)中的各個組成要素的,這些實現(xiàn)數(shù)控高速切削技術(shù)離不開的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),具體體現(xiàn)在以下方面：1)高速切削機理：有關(guān)各種材料在高速加工條件下,切屑的形成機理,切削力、切削熱的變化規(guī)律,刀具磨損規(guī)律及對加工表面質(zhì)量的影響規(guī)律,對以上基礎(chǔ)理論的實驗和研究,將有利于促進高速切削工藝規(guī)范的確定和切削用量的選擇,為具體零件和材料的加工工藝制定提供理論基礎(chǔ),屬于原理技術(shù)。目前,黑色金屬及難加工材料的高速切削工藝規(guī)范和切削用量的確定,是高速切削生產(chǎn)中的難點,也是高速切削加工領(lǐng)域研究的焦點。2)高速切削機床技術(shù)模塊：高速切削機床需要高速主軸系統(tǒng)、快速進給系統(tǒng)和高速CN筮制系統(tǒng)。高速加工要求主軸單元能夠在很高的轉(zhuǎn)速下工作,一般主軸轉(zhuǎn)速10000r/min以上,有的甚至高達60000-100000r/min,且保證良好動態(tài)和熱態(tài)性能。其中關(guān)鍵部件是主軸軸承,它決定著高速主軸的壽命和負(fù)載容量,也是高速切削機床的核心部件之一,主軸結(jié)構(gòu)的改進和性能的提高是高速機床的一項重要單元技術(shù)。另一項重要的單元技術(shù)是高速進給系統(tǒng)。隨著機床主軸轉(zhuǎn)速的提高,為保證刀具每齒或每轉(zhuǎn)進給量不變,機床的進給速度和進給加速度也相應(yīng)提高,同時空行程速度也要提高。因此,機床進給系統(tǒng)必須快速移動和快速準(zhǔn)確定位,這顯然對機床導(dǎo)軌、伺服系統(tǒng)、工作臺結(jié)構(gòu)等提出了新的更高要求,是制約高速機床技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵單元技術(shù)。3)高速切削刀具技術(shù)模塊:由機床、刀具和工件組成的高速切削加工工藝系統(tǒng)中,刀具是最活躍的因素。切削刀具是保證高速切削加工順利進行的最關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。隨著切削速度的大幅度提高,對切削刀具材料、刀具幾何參數(shù)、刀體結(jié)構(gòu)等都提出了不同于傳統(tǒng)速度切削