(完整版)1996年考研英語(yǔ)真題超詳解

實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案文檔文檔PartIClozeTestDirectionsForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked [A],[B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(10points)Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimals,includingman.Theydonotprovideenergy,1dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor2foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthem,andif3ismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes4.Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements —usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and5nitrogen.Theyaredifferent6theirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitamin7oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.8enoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor9vitamins.Manypeople,10,believeinbeingonthe“safeside"andthustakeextravitamins.However,awellbalanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody 'svitaminneeds.2.1.[A][A]eithershifting[B][B]so[C]noraltering[D]never[D]transformingtransferring[C]3.[A]any[B]some[C]anything [D]something4.[A]serious[B]apparent[C]severe[D]fatal5.[A]mostly[B]partially[C]sometimes[D]rarely6.[A]inthat[B]sothat[C]suchthat[D]exceptthat7.[A]undertakes[B]holds[C]plays[D]performs8.[A]Supplying[B]Getting[C]Providing[D]Furnishing9.[A]exceptional[B]exceeding[C]excess[D]external10.[A]nevertheless[B]therefore[C]moreover[D]meanwhilePartnReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionstherearefouranswersmarked[A], [B], [C]and [D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWESHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Passage1Tightlippedeldersusedtosay,"It'snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget."Psychologyteachesthatyoudogetwhatyouwantifyouknowwhatyouwantandwanttherightthings.Youcanmakeamentalblueprintofadesireasyouwouldmakeablueprintofahouse,andeachofusiscontinuallymakingtheseblueprintsinthegeneralroutineofeverydayliving.Ifweintendtohavefriendstodinner,weplanthemenu,makeashoppinglist,decidewhichfoodtocookfirst,andsuchplanningisanessentialforanytypeofmealtobeserved.Likewise,ifyouwanttofindajob,takeasheetofpaper,andwriteabriefaccountofyourself.Inmakingablueprintforajob,beginwithyourself,forwhenyouknowexactlywhatyouhavetooffer,youcanintelligentlyplanwheretosellyourservices.Thisaccountofyourselfisactuallyasketchofyourworkinglifeandshouldincludeeducation,experienceandreferences.Suchanaccountisvaluable.Itcanbereferredtoinfillingoutstandardapplicationblanksandisextremelyhelpfulinpersonalinterviews.Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcouldbeemployerisdecidingwhetheryoureducation,yourexperience,andotherqualificationswillpayhimtoemployyouandyour “wares“andabilitiesmustbedisplayedinanorderlyandreasonablyconnectedmanner.Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomethingtangibletosell.Thenyouarereadytohuntforajob.Getallthepossibleinformationaboutyourcouldbejob.Makeinquiriesastothedetailsregardingthejobandthefirm.Keepyoureyesandearsopen,anduseyourownjudgment.Spendacertainamountoftimeeachdayseekingtheemploymentyouwishfor,andkeepinmind:Securingajobisyourjobnow.Whatdotheeldersmeanwhentheysay,"It'snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget."?You'llcertainlygetwhatyouwant.It'snousedreaming.Youshouldbedissatisfiedwithwhatyouhave.It'sessentialtosetagoalforyourself.Ablueprintmadebeforeinvitingafriendtodinnerisusedinthispassageas .anillustrationofhowtowriteanapplicationforajobanindicationofhowtosecureagoodjobaguidelineforjobdescriptionaprincipleforjobevaluationAccordingtothepassage,onemustwriteanaccountofhimselfbeforestartingtofindajobbecause.thatisthefirststeptopleasetheemployerthatistherequirementoftheemployeritenableshimtoknowwhentosellhisservicesitforceshimtobecomeclearlyawareofhimselfWhenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomething.[A]definitetooffer [B]imaginarytoprovide[C]practicaltosupply [D]desirabletopresentPassage2WiththestartofBBCWorldServiceTelevision,millionsofviewersinAsiaandAmericacannowwatchtheCorporation'snewscoverage,aswellaslistentoit.AndofcourseinBritainlistenersandviewerscantuneintotwoBBCtelevisionchannels,fiveBBCnationalradioservicesanddozensoflocalradiostations.Theyarebroughtsport,comedy,drama,music,newsandcurrentaffairs,education,religion,parliamentarycoverage,children 'sprogrammesandfilmsforanannuallicencefeeof ￡83perhousehold.Itisaremarkablerecord,stretchingbackover70years —yettheBBC'sfutureisnowindoubt.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapublicly fundedbroadcastingorganization,atleastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogrammesarenowthesubjectofanationwidedebateinBritain.ThedebatewaslaunchedbytheGovernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC一includingordinarylistenersandviewers—tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBCsroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganizationasitis,ortomakechanges.DefendersoftheCorporation—ofwhomtherearemany—arefondofquotingtheAmericanslogan“Ifitain'tbroke,don'tfixit."TheBBC"ain'tbroke”,theysay,bywhichtheymeanitisnotbroken(asdistinctfromtheword 'broke',meaninghavingnomoney),sowhybothertochangeit?YettheBBCwillhavetochange,becausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.ThecommercialTVchannels ITVandChannel4 wererequiredbytheThatcherGovernmentsBroadcastingActtobecomemorecommercial,competingwitheachotherforadvertisers,andcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsatellitechannels ——fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers'subscriptions——whichwillbringaboutthebiggestchangesinthelongterm.TheworldfamousBBCnowfaces .[A]theproblemofnewscoverage [B]anuncertainprospect[C]inquiriesbythegeneralpublic [D]shrinkageofaudienceInthepassage,whichofthefollowingabouttheBBCisnotmentionedasthekeyissue?ExtensionofitsTVservicetoFarEast.Programmesasthesubjectofanation-widedebate.Potentialsforfurtherinternationalco-operations.Itsexistenceasabroadcastingorganization.TheBBC's"royalcharter ”(Line4,Paragraph4)standsfor.thefinancialsupportfromtheroyalfamily.theprivilegesgrantedbytheQueen.acontractwiththeQueen.auniquerelationshipwiththeroyalfamily.TheforemostreasonwhytheBBChastoreadjustitselfisnootherthantheemergenceofcommercialTVchannels.theenforcementofBroadcastingActbythegovernment.theurgentnecessitytoreducecostsandjobs.thechallengeofnewsatellitechannels.Passage3Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury acapital"and"labour“wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganizationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative,towardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers.

Thegrowthofthelimitedliability companyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.Allthroughthenineteenthcentury,America,Africa,India,AustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapital,andBritishshareholderswerethusenrichedbytheworld'smovementtowardsindustrialization.TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselarge acomfortable"classeswhohadretiredontheirincomes,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders'meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.Ontheotherhandashareholding"meantleisureandfreedomwhichwasusedbymanyofthelaterVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilization.Theashareholders"assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlaborwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolved renderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible.Fortunately,however,theincreasingpowerandorganizationofthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofthecompanieswhoemployedthem.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikeandlockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother 'sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation.It'strueoftheoldfamilyfirmsthat .theywerespoiledbytheyoungergenerationstheyfailedforlackofindividualinitiativetheylackedefficiencycomparedwithmoderncompaniestheycouldsupplyadequateservicestothetaxpayersThegrowthoflimitedliabilitycompaniesresultedin .theseparationofcapitalfrommanagementtheownershipofcapitalbymanagerstheemergenceofcapitalandlabourastwoclasses[D]theparticipationofshareholdersinmunicipalbusinessAccordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueexceptthat .theshareholderswereunawareoftheneedsoftheworkerstheoldfirmownershadabetterunderstandingoftheirworkersthelimitedliabilitycompaniesweretoolargetorunsmoothlythetradeunionsseemedtoplayapositiveroleTheauthorismostcriticalof .[A]familyfirmowners [B]landowners[C]managers [D]shareholders一breakthroughs一breakthroughsWhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmericasuchasthetelegraph,thesteamboatandtheweavingmachine?Amongthemanyshapingfactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry'sexcellentelementaryschools;alaborforcethatwelcomedthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,“spatial"thinkingaboutthingstechnological.Whymentiontheelementaryschools?Becausethankstotheseschoolsourearlymechanics,especiallyintheNewEnglandandMiddleAtlanticstates,weregenerallyliterateandathomeinarithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry.AcuteforeignobserversrelatedAmericanadaptivenessandinventivenesstothiseducationaladvantage.AsamemberofaBritishcommissionvisitingherein1853reported, “Withamindpreparedbythoroughschooldiscipline,theAmericanboydevelopsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman.”Afurtherstimulustoinventioncamefromthe“premium"system,whichprecededourpatentsystemandforyearsranparallelwithit.Thisapproach,originatedabroad,offeredinventorsmedals,cashprizesandotherincentives.IntheUnitedStates,multitudesofpremiumsfornewdeviceswereawardedatcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinmajorcities.Americansflockedtothesefairstoadmirethenewmachinesandthustorenewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceoftechnologicaladvance.Giventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovation,theAmericanworkertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbalthinkingrequiredinmechanicaltechnology.AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedout, “Atechnologist thinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions; theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess…Thedesignerandtheinventor …areabletoassembleandmanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist."Thisnonverbal“spatial"thinkingcanbejustascreativeaspaintingandwriting.RobertFultononcewrote,“Themechanicshouldsitdownamonglevers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc,likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea.”Whenalltheseshapingforcesschools,openattitudes,thepremiumsystem,ageniusforspatialthinkinginteractedwithoneanotherontherichU.S.mainland,theyproducedthatAmericancharacteristicemulation.Todaythatwordimpliesmereimitation.Butinearliertimesitmeantafriendlybutcompetitivestrivingforfameandexcellence.Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmericawasinalargepartdueto.[A]elementaryschools [B]enthusiasticworkers[C]theattractivepremiumsystem [D]aspecialwayofthinkingItisimpliedthatadaptivenessandinventivenessoftheearlyAmericanmechanics.benefitedalotfromtheirmathematicalknowledge.shedlightondisciplinedschoolmanagement.wasbroughtaboutbyprivilegedhometraining.owedalottothetechnologicaldevelopment.Atechnologistcanbecomparedtoanartistbecause .theyarebothwinnersofawards.theyarebothexpertsinspatialthinking.theybothabandonverbaldescriptiontheybothusevariousinstrumentsThebesttitleforthispassagemightbe .[A]InventiveMind [B]EffectiveSchooling[C]WaysofThinking [D]OutpouringofInventionsPassage5Rumorhasitthatmorethan20booksoncreationism/evolutionareinthepublisher'spipelines.Afewhavealreadyappeared.Thegoalofallwillbetotrytoexplaintoaconfusedandoftenunenlightenedcitizenrythattherearenottwoequallyvalidscientifictheoriesfortheoriginandevolutionofuniverseandlife.Cosmology,geology,andbiologyhaveprovidedaconsistent,unified,andconstantlyimprovingaccountofwhathappened. "Scientific“creationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomefor“equaltime"intheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregiven,isbasedonreligion,notscience.Virtuallyallscientistsandthemajorityofnonfundamentalistreligiousleadershavecometoregard ascientific"creationismasbadscienceandbadreligion.ThefirstfourchaptersofKitcher 'sbookgiveaverybriefintroductiontoevolution.Atappropriateplaces,heintroducesthecriticismsofthecreationistsandprovidesanswers.Inthelastthreechapters,hetakesoffhisglovesandgivesthecreationistsagoodbeating.Hedescribestheirprogrammesandtactics,and,forthoseunfamiliarwiththewaysofcreationists,theextentoftheirdeceptionanddistortionmaycomeasanunpleasantsurprise.Whentheirbasicmotivationisreligious,onemighthaveexpectedmoreChristianbehavior.Kitcherisaphilosopher,andthismayaccount,inpart,fortheclarityandeffectivenessofhisarguments.Thenon-specialistwillbeabletoobtainatleastanotionofthesortsofdataandargumentthatsupportevolutionarytheory.Thefinalchaptersonthecreationistswillbeextremelycleartoall.Onthedustjacketofthisfinebook,StephenJayGouldsays: "Thisbookstandsforreasonitself."Andsoitdoes-andallwouldbewellwerereasontheonlyjudgeinthecreationism/evolutiondebate.“Creationism"inthepassagerefersto.evolutioninitstruesenseastotheoriginoftheuniverseanotionofthecreationofreligionthescientificexplanationoftheearthformationthedeceptivetheoryabouttheoriginoftheuniverseKitcher'sbookisintendedto.recommendtheviewsoftheevolutionistsexposethetruefeaturesofcreationistscursebitterlyathisopponentslaunchasurpriseattackoncreationistsFromthepassagewecaninferthat .reasoninghasplayedadecisiveroleinthedebatecreationistsdonotbasetheirargumentonreasoningevolutionarytheoryistoodifficultfornon-specialistscreationismissupportedbyscientificfindingsThispassageappearstobeadigestof .[A]abookreview [B]ascientificpaper[C]amagazinefeature [D]anewspapereditorial

PartWEnglishChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Thedifferencesinrelativegrowthofvariousareasofscientific researchhaveseveralcauses.31)Someofthesecausesarecompletelyreasonableresultsofsocialneeds.Othersarereasonableconsequencesofparticularadvancesinsciencebeingtosomeextentself-accelerating.Some,however,arelessreasonableprocessesofdifferentgrowthinwhichpreconceptionsoftheformscientifictheoryoughttotake,bypersonsinauthority,acttoalterthegrowthpatternofdifferentareas.Thisisanewproblemprobablynotyetunavoidable;butitisafrighteningtrend.32)ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenindetail.Itcanbepredicted,however,thatfromtimetotimequestionswillarisewhichwillrequirespecificscientificanswers.Itisthereforegenerallyvaluabletotreatthescientificestablishmentasaresourceormachinetobekeptinfunctionalorder.33)Thisseemsmostlyeffectivelydonebysupportingacertainamountofresearchnotrelatedtoimmediategoalsbutofpossibleconsequenceinthefuture.Thiskindofsupport,likeallgovernmentsupport,requiresdecisionsabouttheappropriaterecipientsoffunds.Decisionsbasedonutilityasopposedtolackofutilityarestraightforward.Butadecisionamongprojectsnoneofwhichhasimmediateutilityismoredifficult.Thegoalofthesupportingagenciesisthepraisableoneofsupporting"good"asopposedto"bad"science,butavaliddeterminationisdifficulttomake.Generally,theideaofgoodsciencetendstobecomeconfusedwiththecapacityofthefieldinquestiontogenerateaneleganttheory.34 )However,theworldissomadethatelegantsystemsareinprincipleunabletodealwithsomeoftheworld'smorefascinatinganddelightfulaspects.35 )Newformsofthoughtaswellasnewsubjectsforthoughtmustariseinthefutureastheyhaveinthepast,givingrisetonewstandardsofelegance.SectionIVWritingDirections:Title:GOODHEALTHTimelimit:40minutesWordlimit:120 150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthe“OUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence: "Thedesireforgoodhealthisuniversal ".YourcompositionmustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.Outline:Importanceofgoodhealth.Waystokeepfit.3.Myownpractices.PartIClozeTest1.C2.D3.APassage111.B12.A4.B5.C6.A7.DPartnReadingComprehensionPartA13.D 14.A3.Myownpractices.PartIClozeTest1.C2.D3.APassage111.B12.A4.B5.C6.A7.DPartnReadingComprehensionPartA13.D 14.A8.B9.C10.APassage215.B16.C 17.C18.DPassage319.C20.A21.C22.DPassage423.D24.A25.B26.APassage527.D28.B29.B30.APartmEnglish-ChineseTranslation.在這些原因中，有些純屬社會(huì)需求；另一些則是由于科學(xué)上某些特定發(fā)展在一定程度上自我加速而產(chǎn)生的必然結(jié)果。.這種趨勢(shì)始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間， 當(dāng)時(shí)一些國(guó)家的政府得出結(jié)論： 政府要向其科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出具體的要求通常是無(wú)法詳盡預(yù)見(jiàn)的。.給某些與當(dāng)前目標(biāo)無(wú)關(guān)而將來(lái)則可能產(chǎn)生影響的科研予以支持，看來(lái)能夠有效地解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。.然而，世界就是如此，完美的體系一般而言是無(wú)法解決世上某些更加引人入勝的課題的。.同過(guò)去一樣，將來(lái)必然出現(xiàn)新的思維方式和新的思維對(duì)象，給完美以新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。SectionIVWriting（15points）36.見(jiàn)分析PartIClozeTest一、文章總體分析本文是一篇介紹維生素的科普性小短文。 文章首段對(duì)維生素下定義。第二段介紹了維生素的兩大功能：將食物轉(zhuǎn)化成能量和維持身體健康。第三段介紹了各種維生素的異同：基本組成元素相同，但排列方式不同，并且各自承擔(dān)一到多種特殊功能。第四段指出：不需要獲取過(guò)量的維生素，均衡的飲食通常就可以完全滿足身體對(duì)它們的需求了。二、試題具體解析[A]either [B]so [C]nor [D]never[精解]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：否定倒裝句的連詞。空格前文講到維生素不能提供能量，是一個(gè)否定句；后文講到它們構(gòu)建身體的任何部分，是倒裝句，因此選項(xiàng)必須既能引導(dǎo)倒裝句，又能與前面的否定相呼應(yīng)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，either表示"也"，可以用在否定句中，但一般放在句尾，例如： Shedidn'tgothere,either（她也不去）；so可以引導(dǎo)倒裝句，但它用在肯定句中，表示“也” ,如：Theycanleavenow,socanwe.（他們現(xiàn)在可以離開(kāi)了，我們也能）。nor也可以引導(dǎo)倒裝句，并可用在否定句中，構(gòu)成not...nor...（既不?-也不?-）固定結(jié)構(gòu)，如：Youcan'tdoit,norcanI. （你不能做這件事，我也不能）；never也可以引導(dǎo)倒裝句，表示否定，但它必須放在句首，如：NeverinmylifehaveIheardsuchnonsense.（我一輩子都沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這樣的無(wú)稽之談） 。綜合以上因素，C為正確選項(xiàng)。[A]shifting替換，轉(zhuǎn)移 [B]transferring遷移，移動(dòng)，傳遞[C]altering改變，變動(dòng) [D]transforming轉(zhuǎn)換，改變[精解]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：習(xí)慣搭配+動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。空格所在句子的含義是“需要維生素將食物2為能量，以維持身體的健康”?？崭裉钊氲姆衷~需和into搭配，并符合文意。transform常與into搭配，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“事物大的變革或質(zhì)的改變" 。在此從food（食物）到energy（能量）的轉(zhuǎn)變是一種質(zhì)的改變，因此， D符合句意。shift不與into搭配，如：Thewindshiftedtothesouth （風(fēng)轉(zhuǎn)向南吹）；transfer多用于位置的改變，也不與into搭配，如：Hisemployertransferredhimtoanotheroffice. （老板把他調(diào)到了另一個(gè)辦公室）；alter強(qiáng)調(diào)部分或少量的變動(dòng)，程度較輕，如：Theseclothesaretoolarge;theymustbealtered.（這些衣服太大，得修改）。因此以上三個(gè)詞都不能表示事物質(zhì)的改變。知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：trans-為前綴，與動(dòng)詞連用，表示"橫過(guò)，越過(guò)"或"轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)移",例如：transact（辦理，交易，談判，處理），transatlantic （橫渡大西洋的），trans-national （跨越國(guó)界的）,transplant（移植），transport（運(yùn)輸）。[A]any任何一個(gè) [B]some一些[C]anything任何事物 [D]something某事物[精解]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：不定代詞的用法。空格所在句子是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句，前一個(gè)分句Therearethirteenormoreofthem 中的them指的是vitamins,后一個(gè)分句是一個(gè)由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如果?一缺乏， （會(huì)出現(xiàn)）維生素缺乏癥?！庇捎趇f引導(dǎo)的從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 is是單數(shù)，因而，只能由一個(gè)表示單數(shù)意義的不定代詞作為被選項(xiàng)。首先排除some,它一般用于肯定句，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；其次anything與something泛指任何事或某些事，放入句中不符句意；any放入后相當(dāng)于 anyofthem，即“任何維生素”。注意any一般用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，如：Anyofthehuntersisabletocatchthetigersingle-handed.（任何一個(gè)獵人都能單獨(dú)抓住老虎）。因此答案只能選 A。[A]serious嚴(yán)重的，嚴(yán)肅的，認(rèn)真的 [B]apparent明顯的[C]severe嚴(yán)厲的，劇烈的，嚴(yán)峻的[D]fatal致命的[精解]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：形容詞詞義辨析。本題要求考生判斷，如果缺乏任何一種維生素，缺乏癥就會(huì)變得怎樣。四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)表示的程度不同，從語(yǔ)意的角度來(lái)說(shuō)都可以與 disease相搭配。但是，根據(jù)上下文，這里需要填入一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確描述疾病癥狀的詞。serious、severe和fatal這幾個(gè)詞都表示程度嚴(yán)重，甚至危及生命。但上下文沒(méi)有暗示缺乏一種維生素會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的后果，因此，這三個(gè)詞都不可作為被選項(xiàng)。apparent只是簡(jiǎn)單地描述了疾病的癥狀，為正確選項(xiàng)。[A]mostly大部分，主要地 [B]partially部分地[C]sometimes有時(shí)候 [D]rarely 很少地，罕有地[精解]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：邏輯語(yǔ)義搭配 +副詞詞義辨析。本句破折號(hào)后舉例說(shuō)明維生素的組成成分：碳、氫、氧和 5氮，and表明各成分之間為并列關(guān)系，那么，選項(xiàng)應(yīng)與usually相呼應(yīng)。usually是頻度副詞，選項(xiàng)也應(yīng)是頻度副詞。選項(xiàng)中，mostly和partially不是頻率副詞，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事物部分與整體的關(guān)系，如：Theaudienceconsistedmostlyofwomen.（觀眾主要是婦女）；Thedriverispartiallytoblamefortheaccident.（司機(jī)對(duì)那次車禍應(yīng)負(fù)部分責(zé)任）。rarely是頻率副詞，但它含否定含義，若用于句中，之前的連詞and應(yīng)改為表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but。所以只有sometimes為正確選項(xiàng)。全句意為“通常是碳、氫、氧，有些時(shí)候還有氮”。[A]inthat在?一方面；因?yàn)閟othat以致，以便，（引導(dǎo)結(jié)果或目的狀語(yǔ)從句）suchthat那樣，以至，（不能連接兩個(gè)完整的句子 ）exceptthat除了[精解]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系。上句提到維生素相似的原因，這句開(kāi)始提到維生素也是有區(qū)別的，由于兩個(gè)句子是平行的結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以預(yù)測(cè)，本句的后半句也會(huì)解釋為什么不同。下文果然提到原因是“元素的排列方式不同，每種元素在人體內(nèi)（有）一種或多種特殊功能”。因此空格處應(yīng)填入表因果關(guān)系并連接原因狀語(yǔ)從句的短語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)中，exceptthat不表因果，sothat和suchthat后面接結(jié)果。只有 inthat后面接原因，并且空格前面的different與介詞in連用，表示“在哪一方面不同”。例句補(bǔ)充：Self-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsustocorrectourmistakes.（自我批評(píng)是必要的，因?yàn)樗軒椭覀兏恼e(cuò)誤）；Speakloudersothatallthepeopleinthehallcanhearyou.（大聲點(diǎn)講,以便大廳里的人都能聽(tīng)清）；Thesituationwassuchthatpoliticalobserversfounditdifficulttopredict.（形勢(shì)如此，連政治觀察家們也覺(jué)得難以預(yù)料）；Hisaccountiscorrectexceptthatsomedetailsareomitted.（除了有些細(xì)節(jié)未提到之外，他的敘述是正確的）。[A]undertakes承擔(dān)，采取 [B]holds保存，把握，握有[C]plays擔(dān)當(dāng)，承擔(dān)[D]performs表演，執(zhí)行，履行[精解]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)賓搭配。本題考查動(dòng)詞與function的搭配。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能與function搭配的只有 perform，即performafunction（具有,一的功能，發(fā)揮?一的作用），如：Thebrainperformsaveryimportantfunction:itcontrolsthenervoussystemofthebody.（大腦具有非常重要的功能，它控制著身體內(nèi)的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）。在文中，它意為“每種元素在人體內(nèi)承擔(dān)一種或多種特殊的功能”。其它能與 function搭配的動(dòng)詞還有 fulfill、serve等。其它選項(xiàng)的常用搭配有：undertakeamission/task/project承擔(dān)使命/任務(wù)/工程；holdashare持有股份；playarole/part扮演?一角色。[A]Supplying補(bǔ)給，供給，提供，補(bǔ)充Getting獲得，變成，收獲，使得Providing供應(yīng)，供給，準(zhǔn)備，預(yù)防Furnishing供應(yīng)，提供，裝備，布置[精解]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。本題空格所在句子是一個(gè)含讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句：8enoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor9vitamins，其中空格部分和 enoughvitamins構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做主句的主語(yǔ)。考生關(guān)鍵要判斷出，空格處填入的動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)也就是后面 although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)，即：thebody。這樣，動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作必須是 thebody發(fā)出來(lái)的，又能接enoughvitamins做賓語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)中，Supplying，Providing和Furnishing均表示“提供，供應(yīng)”，動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是“身體”。句子表達(dá)的含義是身體需要獲取維生素的營(yíng)養(yǎng)，而不是“提供”，因此只有Getting（獲取，獲得）符合。知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：supply、provide、furnish是一組近義詞，都有“提供，供應(yīng)”含義。furnish主要指提供一些基本的必要物品，可譯為“配備”，如：furnishthenewapartment（為新房間配備家具 ）；supply強(qiáng)調(diào)“提供物品以備需要的時(shí)候用”，可譯為“供給，供應(yīng)”，它常和with搭配，如：supplythemarketwithnewcommodities（向市場(chǎng)供應(yīng)新商品）；provide也強(qiáng)調(diào)“提供物品，為?一做準(zhǔn)備”，它常和介詞for,with和against搭配。provide…with… 意為"給?一提供"，providefor/against :可指“為可能的困難做準(zhǔn)備，防備”，如：Heworkedhardtoprovideforhisoldage.（ 他努力賺錢以防老 ）。[A]exceptional例外的，異常的 [B]exceeding非常的，極度的，過(guò)度的[C]excess額外的，多余的 [D]external外部的，客觀的，外用的[精解]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+形容詞詞義辨析。本題空格所在部分是 although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。前面主句提到，獲取足夠維生素是必要的，因此從句很可能要從相反的角度來(lái)說(shuō)明獲取維生素對(duì)人體的意義。haveusefor是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“需要”，主要用于否定和疑問(wèn)句中，如：Ihavenofurtheruseforit.（我不再需要它了）。因此，根據(jù)所在從句的含義，考生需判斷人體對(duì)什么維生素沒(méi)有營(yíng)養(yǎng)上的需要。選項(xiàng)中，首先排除external和exceptional，因?yàn)椴淮嬖凇巴獠康木S生素”或“例外的維生素”；剩下兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，exceeding用來(lái)指被修飾的成分超出了一般的限度，如：exceedingdarkness（極度黑暗），exceedingbeauty（美麗無(wú)比），顯然，它不能直接修飾“維生素”；只有excess指“超過(guò)正?；蛩钄?shù)額的數(shù)量”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“攝入過(guò)多的維生素”符合邏輯。[A]nevertheless然而，不過(guò)，（表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系）therefore因此，所以，（表因果關(guān)系）moreover而且，此外，（表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系）meanwhile（=atthesametime）同時(shí)，（表示時(shí)間關(guān)系）[精解]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系。兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間的空格處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)邏輯連接詞，因此考生需判斷空格所在句子和上文之間的邏輯關(guān)系。上文提到，過(guò)量維生素對(duì)身體沒(méi)有營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值，接著作者指出很多人的心態(tài)：為“安全”考慮，而服用額外

的維生素。從語(yǔ)意上看，兩句之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，選擇項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是一個(gè)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞， 因此nevertheless為正確答案。整個(gè)句子意為“盡管獲取過(guò)量的維生素對(duì)身體沒(méi)有營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值，但很多人出于安全考慮，還是攝取額外的維生素?！比?、全文翻譯飲食中含有的少量有機(jī)化合物一維生素是促進(jìn)動(dòng)物（包括人）正常發(fā)育和維系生命的必需成分。維生素既不提供熱量，也不能構(gòu)建身體的某個(gè)部分。它們被用來(lái)將食物轉(zhuǎn)化為能量并維持身體的健康。維生素至少有十三種，如果缺乏任何一種，缺乏癥疾病就會(huì)表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。各種維生素都比較相似，因?yàn)樗鼈冇赏瑯拥脑亟M成一通常是碳、氫、氧，有時(shí)還有氮。它們之間的不同之處在于每種維生素內(nèi)部的元素排列方式不同，并且每種元素在人體內(nèi)承擔(dān)一種或多種具體功能。盡管獲取過(guò)量的維生素對(duì)身體沒(méi)有營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值，但獲得足夠的維生素對(duì)人的生命是至關(guān)重要的。然而，很多人出于安全考慮，還是攝取額外的維生素。不過(guò)，實(shí)際上均衡的飲食通常就可以完全滿足身體對(duì)維生素的需求了。Part口ReadingComprehensionPassage1一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)總體分析文章是一篇介紹求職前應(yīng)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備工作的說(shuō)明文。文章先指出“所想”與“所得”兩個(gè)概念，并指出實(shí)現(xiàn)“所想”的關(guān)鍵是做事前要制定計(jì)劃，進(jìn)而具體到找工作前準(zhǔn)備簡(jiǎn)歷的重要性。第一至二段：先通過(guò)諺語(yǔ)說(shuō)明一種傳統(tǒng)的觀