新課標(biāo) 高考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí) 書面表達(dá)

書面表達(dá)一、?？伎键c(diǎn)：1、故事、日記2、書信、介紹、看法3、通知、報(bào)道、說(shuō)明二、書面表達(dá)技巧（一）審題須仔細(xì)，格式應(yīng)正確，把握時(shí)態(tài)與體裁:無(wú)論是文字題，還是看圖作文，或是圖文結(jié)合型，首先，要仔細(xì)審題，弄清文章提示，用筆劃出關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)，其次是確定文章時(shí)間立足點(diǎn)，一般地記敘文、傳記、故事類的文章時(shí)間立足點(diǎn)常是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，包括過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，據(jù)此立足點(diǎn)，“瞻前”是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，“顧后”是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，當(dāng)然，直接引語(yǔ)另當(dāng)別論。說(shuō)明文、議論文、介紹文及科技文章的時(shí)間立足點(diǎn)常是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，包括現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，據(jù)此立足點(diǎn)“瞻前”是一般過(guò)去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，“顧后”則是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，應(yīng)用文中的通知類文章，時(shí)間立足點(diǎn)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)。整理ppt各類文章的格式：1、書信格式寄信人地址收信人地址寄信日期DearMr.He,正文

Yours,簽名1）信的開頭：①I’msogladtolearnthat(you’recominginSep.)②Ihavesomegoodnewstotellyou.③Hownicetohearfromyouagain.整理ppt④I’mwritingtotellyou……⑤I’dliketotellyouthat(ourschoolhasworkedoutanewprogram)⑥I’msopleasedtohearthat……⑦It’sverykindofyoutowritemeandletmeknowaboutyourbeautifulcity.2)結(jié)束語(yǔ)：第一采用分詞短語(yǔ)式，句末用逗號(hào)：①Waitingforyourgoodnews,②Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply,③Hopingtohearfromyousoon,④Hopingyouareenjoyinggoodhealth,⑤Wishingyoueverysuccess,⑥WishingyouahappyNewYear,⑦RegrettingthetroubleI’mcausingyou,整理ppt第二采用介詞短語(yǔ)，句末用逗號(hào)：①Withbestregards,②Withbestwishestoyouandyours,③Withbestwishesforyoursuccessandhappiness,第三采用完整句子①Wearewaitingforyourgoodnews.②Ihopetoreceiveyourearlyreply.③Ithankyouverymuchforyourservices.④Welookforwardtoyourreplyatyourearliestconvenience.3)簽名：①Yoursfaithfully,/Faithfullyyours,②Yourssincerely,/Sincerelyyours,③Yourstruly,/Trulyyours,整理ppt2、日記格式：August6,SundayRainy/Thundering/Haily/showerIwasdoingsomeshopping...3、通知格式：（開頭、結(jié)尾）口頭通知Comrades,/Ladiesandgentlemen,Attention,please!（MayIhaveyourattention,please?）Ihaveamannouncementtomake.……That’sall,Thankyou.整理ppt書面通知NoticeMay2,1999Dearstudents,……

TheStudentUnion4、招領(lǐng)啟示/遺失啟示

整理pptLostOctober5,2005Iwascarelessandlostmyredlongovercoatinthelectureroomontheafternoonof4thofthismonth…….Manythankstothefinder.OurclassroomisinRoom206,Building2.LiHua（Loser）

整理pptFoundSeptember1,2005Agreenschoolbagwasfoundontheplaygroundyesterdayafternoon.……LoserisexpectedtocometotheOfficeofSeniorGrade3toidentifyit.

5、留言條6、請(qǐng)假條7、圖表型文章1）開頭常用：Asisshownbythegraph…/Asisshowninthetable…/Itcanconcludedfromthegraphthat…/comparedwith…/itcanbeseenfromthetablethat…2）分析數(shù)據(jù)間的主要差異及趨勢(shì),然后描寫。3）結(jié)束歸納結(jié),發(fā)表評(píng)論：整理pptinaword/inshort/generallyspeaking/It’sclearfromthechartthat……/Wecamdrawtheconclusionthat……

8、看圖說(shuō)話，切忌寫成Thefirstpicturetellsthat……;Thesecondpicturetellsthat……（二）高分三絕招絕招一：在用詞上下功夫高考書面表達(dá)在詞匯方面得高分的評(píng)分要求是：應(yīng)用了較多的詞匯；詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)誤，但為盡力使用較高級(jí)詞匯所致；具備較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。所以要想得高分應(yīng)遵循以下２個(gè)原則：１、高級(jí)詞匯優(yōu)先原則：這里的高級(jí)詞匯是指比較晚所學(xué)的，相對(duì)復(fù)雜的詞匯。例如：整理ppt1）“我很害怕”。可說(shuō)成I’mveryafraid/I’mveryfrightened/I’mveryscared.最后一種肯定是最好的。2）“他很聰明”可說(shuō)成Heisclever/bright/smart/wise/intelligent/cute.用smart/intelligent/cute當(dāng)然更好。3）這個(gè)房子在芳草街的一棟樓上。TheflatisinabuildingonFangcaoStreet要是用situates代替is，即屬于高級(jí)詞匯。4）在周末我們要做很多作業(yè)。Atweekends,wehavealotofhomeworktodo.假如用endless而不用alotof,則屬于高級(jí)詞匯。5）洗澡間和廚房都很好。Thebathroomandthekitchenaregood.不如Thebathroomandthekitchenarewell-furnished.整理ppt2、短語(yǔ)優(yōu)先原則：考試寫作時(shí)，使用短語(yǔ)，有兩個(gè)好處；其一：使文章增加亮點(diǎn)；其二可以湊詞數(shù)。比如“Ican’tbearit”,不如說(shuō)“Icannotputupwithit”.“Iwantit”.不如說(shuō)“I’mlookingforwardtoit”“英語(yǔ)在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪泻苤匾??！闭f(shuō)“Englishisveryimportantinourdailylife”。不如說(shuō)“Englishplaysanimportantpart/roleinourdailylife”.絕招二：在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上做到脫穎而出。高考書面表達(dá)在句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面得高分的評(píng)分要求是：應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)方面有些許錯(cuò)誤，但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)所致；具備較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力。1、一二三原則。為了使條理清楚，一般會(huì)使用first/second/third/last,firstly/secondly/thirdly/finally,但這里強(qiáng)烈推薦：整理ppt①tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally(適用于四個(gè)要點(diǎn)的情況)②tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally(適用于四個(gè)要點(diǎn)的情況)③ontheonehand,ontheotherhand(適用于兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)的情況)④foronething,foranotherthing(適用于兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)的情況)2、多變句式原則1）改變句子結(jié)構(gòu),與眾不同。使用與別人不同的表達(dá)方式,特別是打破漢語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的束縛而重組的句子更受歡迎。①唐山曾在二十世紀(jì)八十年代發(fā)生過(guò)一次大地震。TherewasastrongearthquakeinTangshaninthe1980s.不如用Aterribleearthquakehit/struckTangshaninthe1980s.整理ppt②你八月十五的來(lái)信我今天早晨收到了.IreceivedyourletterwhichwaswrittenonAugust15ththismorning.不如用YourletterofAugust15threached/gottomethismorning.2）改變句子語(yǔ)序，實(shí)現(xiàn)句子形式多樣化改變“主謂賓狀”語(yǔ)序，把一些成分如狀語(yǔ)提前置于句首，增強(qiáng)書面表達(dá)能力。Eg①Hegotupveryearlytocatchthebus→Tocatchthebus,hegotupveryearly.②Thegirl,hungryandthirsty,wentbackhome.→Hungryandthirsty,thegirlwentbackhome.③IstudiedChinese,Englishphysicsatschool.→ThemainsubjectsIstudiedatschoolincludedChinese,Englishandphysics.3）使用強(qiáng)勢(shì)句式，如強(qiáng)調(diào)句，感嘆句，倒裝句等增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)句表現(xiàn)力。eg.整理ppt①阿福救了我妹妹。AhFusavedmysister→ItwasAhfuthatsavedmysister.②我們看到莊稼和蔬菜長(zhǎng)勢(shì)喜人很是高興。Weweregladtoseecropsandvegetablesgrowingwell→Howgladweweretoseecropsadvegetablegrowingwell!4)多使用短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)化從句或合并短句,靈活運(yùn)用介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)等eg

①M(fèi)ybrotherwasridingthebikeandIsatontheseatbehindhim→Mybrotherwasridingthebikewithmesittingontheseatbehind.②Theyoungmancouldn’thelpcryingwhenheheardthebadnews→Hearingthebadnews,theyoungmancouldn’thelpcrying整理ppt③SunShuweiisaboyof14.Heisaworldchampionindiving→SunShuwei,aworldchampionindiving,isaboyof14④Astheweatherwasfine,alargenumberofpeoplewenttoclimbtheWesternHills.→Theweatherbeingfine,alargenumberofpeoplewenttoclimbtheWesternHills.5)多使用主從復(fù)合句來(lái)代替簡(jiǎn)單句，使行文更富文采。①Wehadtogohome→Allwecoulddowastogohome.②TheflatisinabuildingonFangcaoStreet.ItisnotfarfromJianxinChineseSchool.→TheflatisinabuildingonFangcaoStreet,whichisnotfarfromJianxinChineseschool.6）注意詞句表達(dá)的變通性。①注意用詞組用語(yǔ)代替一些單詞，使句子更地道。Eg整理pptAnewrailwayisbeingbuiltinmyhometown.→Anewrailwayisunderconstructioninmyhometown.②要避免重復(fù)使用某一句語(yǔ)，以免使人感到單調(diào)和意味。EgIlikereadingwhileshelikeswatchingTV.→IlikereadingwhilemybrotherenjoyswatchingTV.7）改變句子形式，注意多變性。Eg“一聽到這個(gè)消息他就臉色通紅”。①Heturnedredassoonas/themoment/theinstant/directly/immediately/instantlyheheardthenews.②Nosoonerhadheheardthenewsthanheturnedred.“我昨天到這里的”。整理ppt①Icomehereyesterday.②Ididn’tcomehereuntilyesterday.③NotuntilyesterdaydidIcomehere.④ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatIcamehere.絕招三:在語(yǔ)句間的連接上做到游刃有余.一篇文章，如果能更多準(zhǔn)確使用表示并列，遞進(jìn),轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞，便能充分展現(xiàn)你的文字功底，使文章增彩。我們看下面關(guān)于描寫水的幾個(gè)句子組成的一段話：Waterisoneofthebasicingredientsforlife.Humanorplantlifewouldnotbeabletoexistwithoutthisessential整理pptliquid.Itisneededtohydrate,andcleannotonlyourbodiesbutalsotherestofthelivingworld.但是，如何將這幾個(gè)句子更好地連接起來(lái)，顯得更有文采，得到高分呢？我們?cè)谶@三個(gè)句子前面分別加上這樣三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，變?yōu)椋篒tisgenerallyunderstoodthatwaterisoneofthebasicingredientsforlife.Thereislittleevidencetosupportthefactthathumanorplantlifewouldnotbeabletoexistwithoutthisessentialliquid.BythisImeanitisneededtohydrate,andcleannotonlyourbodiesbutalsotherestofthelivingworld.如果我們?cè)诳紙?chǎng)上能把每個(gè)段落都寫成這樣，不得高分才怪呢！整理ppt我們可以用如下結(jié)構(gòu)放在句首來(lái)更好地闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)：Ifirmlybelievethat……Itseemstomethat……Itisgenerallyunderstoodthat……Itendtothinkthat……Itisgenerallyacceptedthat然后我們?cè)儆萌缦陆Y(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)擴(kuò)展自己的觀點(diǎn)：Itiseasytoacceptthat……Itisjustifiable(有理由的)tosaythat……IdobelievethatthatIamconvincedthat……Thereismuchevidencetosupportthefactthat…我們還可以再用如下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)更清晰的解釋自己的觀點(diǎn)：By……ImeanBythisImean整理pptHereI’mreferringtoInotherwordsTobemorepreciseThatistosay上面這段話我們可以套用這三種結(jié)構(gòu)中的任何一種，你可以自己試一試。最后，書寫是否工整、清晰，也會(huì)影響答卷得分，有時(shí)字跡的好壞會(huì)使得分提高或降低一個(gè)檔次。附錄1:諺語(yǔ)與習(xí)語(yǔ)選1.Opportunityseldomknockstwice.機(jī)不可失，失不再來(lái)。2.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.歲月不待人。3.Timeismoney,butmoneycanneverbuytime.一寸光陰一寸金，寸金難買寸光陰。整理ppt4.Nopains,nogains.不勞則無(wú)獲。5.Alazyyouth,alousyage.少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。6.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患難朋友才是真正朋友。7.Likefatherlikeson.有其父必有其子。8.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.誰(shuí)笑到最后誰(shuí)笑得最好。9.Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必?cái)　?0.Wherethereisawillthereisaway.有志者，事竟成。11.Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。12.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.行動(dòng)勝過(guò)言論。整理ppt13.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.只工作不玩耍，逼得小孩笨又傻。14.Anythingworthdoingisworthdoingwell.任何值得做的事都值得做好。15.Anappleadaykeepsdoctoraway.一天一個(gè)蘋果，可以不看醫(yī)生。16.Betterlatethannever.亡羊補(bǔ)牢未為晚。/遲比永不更好。17.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.物以類聚，人以群分。18.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.早起的鳥兒有蟲吃。19.East,west,homeisbest.金屋銀屋,不如自己的草屋。整理ppt20.Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending.善始必有善終。21.Loveme,lovemydog.愛烏及屋22.Manyhandsmakelightwork.眾人拾材火焰高。23.Onceathief,alwaysathief.賊永遠(yuǎn)是賊。/狗改不了吃屎。24.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.羅馬不是一日建成的。/大事豈能一蹴而就。25.Strikewhileironishot.趁熱打鐵。26.Timewilltell.時(shí)間將揭示一切。27.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。.整理ppt整理ppt9、靜夜四無(wú)鄰，荒居舊業(yè)貧。。2022/12/262022/12/26Monday,December26,202210、雨中黃葉樹，燈下白頭人。。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/20226:52:56PM11、以我獨(dú)沈久，愧君相見頻。。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/26Dec-2226-Dec-2212、故人江海別，幾度隔山川。。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/26Monday,December26,202213、乍見翻疑夢(mèng)，相悲各問(wèn)年。。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/202214、他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國(guó)見青山。。26十二月20222022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2615、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。。。十二月222022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/202216、行動(dòng)出成果，工作出財(cái)富。。2022/12/262022/12/2626December202217、做前，能夠環(huán)視四周；做時(shí)，你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點(diǎn)的射線向前。。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/262022/12/269、沒(méi)有失敗，只有暫時(shí)停止成功！。2022/12/262022/12/26Monday,December26,202210、很多事情努力了未必有結(jié)果，但是不努力卻什么改變也沒(méi)有。。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/2612/26/20226:52:56PM11、成功就是日復(fù)一日那一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)小小努力的積累。。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/26Dec-2226-Dec-2212、世間成事，不求其絕對(duì)圓滿，留一份不足，可得無(wú)限完美。。2022/12/262022/12/262022/12/26Monday,December26,202213、不