愛爾蘭英語國家概況課件

IrishNationalFlag,alsoknownastheIrishtricolour.ThegreenrepresentsRomanCatholicismwhiletheorangerepresentsProtestantism.Thewhiteinthecentresignifiesalastingpeacebetweenthe'Green'andthe'Orange'.IrishNationalFlag,alsoknow1FrenchNationalFlag,alsoknownastheFrenchtricolour,TheTricolourwasusedduringtheFrenchRevolutionandhassincebecomeasymboloflibertyaroundtheworld.Othernationshavealsoadoptedthedesign,usuallyassociatedwithFreedom自由,Equality平等andFraternity(Brotherhood)博愛.FrenchNationalFlag,alsokno2RussianNationalFlagRussianNationalFlag3GermanNationalFlagGermanNationalFlag4IrishGermanFrenchRussianIrishGermanFrenchRussian5IrishHarpissocloselyassociatedwithIrishidentitythatitservesasthenation'snationalemblem.IrishHarpissocloselyassoc6愛爾蘭英語國家概況課件76.1Geography6.1Geography8Area:70,273sq.km.;Capital:Dublin;GeographicalFeatures:Ithasbeencomparedtoabasin盆地inwhichacentrallimestoneplainrimmedbylow,oftenruggedmountainrangesalongthecoasts.Climate:Ithasatemperatemaritimeclimatewithlittleseasonalorregionalvariationandexcessiverainfall.Ireland’svividgreenlandscapeshaveearneditthetitleEmeraldIsle

綠寶石.Area:70,273sq.km.;Capital:9愛爾蘭英語國家概況課件10TheLiffeyRiverflowsthroughDublin.

TheLiffeyRiverflowsthrough11TheShannonRiver(370kmlong;SevernRiver:338km;ThamesRiver:336km.)isthelongestriverintheBritishIsles.Itconsistsofachainoflakes,beginsinthenorthwestandflowssouthwestbeforereachingtheAtlanticOceanthroughawide,lengthyestuary河口.Itprovideselectricpowerformuchofthecountry.TheShannonRiver(370kmlong12愛爾蘭英語國家概況課件13愛爾蘭英語國家概況課件146.2HistoryEnglandfirstinvadedIrelandin1171

TheActofUnion《聯(lián)合法案》waspassedin1800Anglo-IrishTreatywassignedin1921TheRepublicofIrelandwasfoundedin19496.2History15TheCeltictribesarrivedintheislandaboutthe6thcenturyBC.Inthe9thcenturytheViking北歐海盜invasionsbegan.Theyweredrivenawayinabout1014.EnglandfirstinvadedIrelandunderHenryII(1133-1189,inpower1154-1189)in1171.ButtheEnglishdidnothavefullcontroluntilthe17thcentury.TheCeltictribesarrivedint16TheActofUnion《聯(lián)合法案》waspassedin1800,unitingGreatBritainandIrelandastheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.From1845to1851,IrishPotatoFaminecausesabout1milliondeathsandtheemigrationofabout1.5millionpeople.In1916

(April24-April29),EasterRebellioninDublinbrokeout,inwhichIrishnationalistforcestakecontrolofthecitybeforebeingforcedtosurrenderbytheBritishtroops.TheActofUnion《聯(lián)合法案》waspass17Anglo-IrishTreatywassignedin1921,whichendedtheIrishWarofIndependence(1919-1921)andtheIrishFreeStatewasestablishedwithdominionstatuswithintheCommonwealthofNations.TheRepublicofIrelandwasfoundedin1949,andseparatedfromtheBritishCommonwealth.Anglo-IrishTreatywassigned18Today,uncertaintiesinthenorthcontinuetocolorpoliticsintheIrishRepublic.However,attemptstoendtheviolencehavebroughtthegovernmentsoftheIrishRepublicandtheUnitedKingdomcloser.InJuly2019theIRAformallydeclaredanendtoitsarmedcampaignagainsttheBritishruleinNorthernIreland.In2019,theProtestantandCatholicfactionsinNorthernIrelandagreedtoformanewgovernment.Today,uncertaintiesinth19RelationswithOtherCountries:IrelandattachesspecialimportancetoitsrelationswiththeUnitedStatesandAustralia,wherepeopleofIrishdescentarenumerous.Ireland’srelationswithitsEuropeanneighborshavebecomeincreasinglyimportantasaresultofitsmembershipinEU.However,unlikemostwesternEuropeanstates,IrelandisnotamemberofNATO.Ireland,whichisnotpartofanymilitaryalliance,strivestomaintainaneutralpositioninworldaffairs.RelationswithOtherCountries206.3GovernmentandPoliticsHeadofstatePresident(directsuffrageforatermof7years;weakenedinpowerinthepastyears)HeadofgovernmentPrimeminister(hasgrowninpower)Legislature(Parliament,orOireachtas[`eErEkWEs])HouseofRepresentatives(Dail[dCIl],morepowercomparedwithSenate),166members

Senate(Seanad),60members6.3GovernmentandPoliticsHea21Constitution29December1937;amended2019(theoreticallyapplicabletothewholeofIreland.Actuallyitconsistsof26ofthe32countiesofIreland.)HighestcourtSupremeCourt(IrishlawisbasedonEnglishcommonlawanditsconstitution.)Constitution29December1937;22Politicalparties:FiannaFail([5

fi:EnE]共和黨,SoldiersofDestiny,moreradicalandhasbeeninpowerforalmost50ofitssome80yearsinexistence);FineGael(統(tǒng)一黨,IrishTribe,moreconservative);bothdescendedfromSinnFéin(新芬黨WeOurselves);TheLaborParty;TheProgressiveDemocraticParty.Politicalparties:FiannaFail23

6.4PeopleandReligion

Population:4,156,119(July2019est.)PopulationinDublin:495,781ThebasicethnicgroupisCeltic,withanadmixtureofNorse挪威人,French,NormanandEnglish.Therearenosignificantethnicminorities.HistoricallyIrelandhasbeenfreeofethnicconflictsbecauseofitsracialhomogeneity[7hCmEudVe5ni:iti]同種.6.4PeopleandReligion24

FormorethanacenturyaftertheGreatPotatoFamineofthe1840s,Ireland’spopulationsteadilydeclined,despitethenation’srelativelyhighbirthrate.Thiscontinuousdeclineresultedfrommassemigration,initiallytoescapethefamineandlatertoseekemploymentandbetterlives,mainlyintheUnitedStatesandintheindustrializedcitiesoftheUnitedKingdom.Formorethanacentury25Inthe1960sand1970semigrationfellsharplyandnolongeroffset抵銷thenaturalincrease.Bythe1980sIreland’spopulationwasgrowingatanannualrateofabout0.5percent,andinthe1990simmigrationbegantoexceedemigrationbyasmallmargin.In2019Ireland’spopulationgrewatanannualrateof1.16percent,oneofthehighestratesinwesternEurope.Inthe1960sand1970semi26Officiallanguages:EnglishandIrish.Almost

all

the

peopleofIrelandspeakEnglish,andaboutone-fourthalsoclaimtospeakIrish,aGaelictonguethatbelongstothefamilyofCelticlanguages.

Chiefreligion:RomanCatholic,93percent;TheAnglicanChurchofIreland愛爾蘭圣公會,4percent;Others,3percent.Officiallanguages:Englishan27IrelandisoneofthemostCatholiccountriesofEurope.Catholicism[kE5WClisizm]天主教(教義)isamatterofpublicidentitymorethanmerelyaprivatefaith.ItextendsfarbeyondthebordersofIrelandasaresultofthelarge19th-centuryemigration.AbouthalftheCatholicbishopsintheUnitedStatesareofIrishorigin.Irelandisoneofthemost28SaintPatrick’sDayorSt.Patrick’sDay圣帕特里克節(jié)Holiday

honoring

SaintPatrick,thepatronsaintofIreland.ItiscelebratedannuallyonMarch17,hisfeastday宗教節(jié)日.SaintPatrickwasamissionaryinthe5thcenturyADwhoiscreditedwithconvertingIrelandtoChristianity.St.Patrick’sDayisIreland’sNationalDay(notDecember6,1921,whentheBritishsignedtheAnglo-IrishTreatyestablishinganIrishFreeState).ItisalsocelebratedbypeopleofIrishdescentinmanyothercountries,especiallybyIrishAmericansintheUnitedStates.SaintPatrick’sDayorSt.Pat29SaintPatrick:SaintPatrick,knownastheApostleofIreland,becamebishopofIrelandsometimeafter432.Manylegendsexistabouthislife,includingthathedrovethesnakesoutofIreland,asisdepictedhere.SaintPatrick:SaintPatrick,30SaintPatrick'sCathedral,Armagh,NorthernIrelandSaintPatrick'sCathedral,Arm31SaintPatrick'sCathedral,NewYorkSaintPatrick'sCathedral,New32愛爾蘭英語國家概況課件33IrishAmericanscelebrateSaintPatrick’sDaywithparades.Theshamrock三葉草wasoriginallychosenasthenationalemblemofIrelandbecauseofthelegendthatSaintPatrickusedtheplanttoillustratethedoctrineoftheTrinity.TheyhavebeenconsideredbytheIrishasgood-lucksymbolssinceearliesttimes.IrishAmericanscelebrateSain34愛爾蘭英語國家概況課件35shamrock

三葉草shamrock三葉草36愛爾蘭英語國家概況課件37酸咪咪酸咪咪38Designsofshamrock

三葉草Designsofshamrock三葉草39愛爾蘭英語國家概況課件40PresidentBushandfirstladyLauraBushreceiveabowlofshamrock三葉草fromIrishPrimeMinisterBertieAhernduringaceremonymarkingSt.Patrick'sDayintheWhiteHouse.PresidentBushandfirstlady41愛爾蘭英語國家概況課件42NationalFlag(UnionJack)AcombinationofthecrossesofSt.George(redcrossofEngland),St.Andrew(whitediagonal斜的crossofScotland),andSt.Patrick(reddiagonalcrossofIreland)

NationalFlag(UnionJack)Aco436.5Economy

The

economy

of

Irelandwastraditionallybasedonagricultureandtheprocessingofagriculturalproducts.ItusedtobeoneoftheleastdevelopedcountriesintheEEC.Heavydependenceonagricultureandlackofeconomicopportunityledtoahighrateofemigration,whichcontributedtoalong-termdecreaseinIreland’spopulation.Atthesametime,Irelandwashighlydependentonthe6.5EconomyThe

economy

of

44UnitedKingdomastheprimarymarketforitsagriculturalexports.AfterIrelandbecameamemberofEECin1973,IrishgoodssoonfoundtheirwayintootherEuropeanmarkets,adevelopmentthatreducedIreland’sheavyrelianceontheUnitedKingdom.Atthesametime,Irelandbenefitedfromincreasedforeigninvestment.

UnitedKingdomastheprimary45

Bythemid-1990sIreland’seconomywasgrowingatarateofmorethandoubletheEUaverageandIrelandhassometimesbeencalled“theCelticTiger”becauseofitseconomicboom.Bytheearly2000s,Ireland’spercapitaincomehadexceededtheEUaverageandithasnowbecomeoneoftherichestamongtheEuropeancountries.Bythemid-1990sIreland’s46TotalGDP2019

(millionsofUSdollars):281,776,ranking31GNIpercapita2019(USdollars,GNI:grossnationalincome):49,590,ranking11,thehighestamongEnglish-speakingcountries;UnitedStates14;UnitedKingdom18;China127(FromWorldDevelopmentIndicatorsdatabase,WorldBank,7thofOctober,2009).TotalGDP2019(millionsofUS47Dublin(30秒)NorthernIrishProblem(2分50秒)LandscapeinIreland(1分30秒)Dublin(30秒)NorthernIrishProb48謝謝！謝謝！49愛爾蘭英語國家概況課件50IrishNationalFlag,alsoknownastheIrishtricolour.ThegreenrepresentsRomanCatholicismwhiletheorangerepresentsProtestantism.Thewhiteinthecentresignifiesalastingpeacebetweenthe'Green'andthe'Orange'.IrishNationalFlag,alsoknow51FrenchNationalFlag,alsoknownastheFrenchtricolour,TheTricolourwasusedduringtheFrenchRevolutionandhassincebecomeasymboloflibertyaroundtheworld.Othernationshavealsoadoptedthedesign,usuallyassociatedwithFreedom自由,Equality平等andFraternity(Brotherhood)博愛.FrenchNationalFlag,alsokno52RussianNationalFlagRussianNationalFlag53GermanNationalFlagGermanNationalFlag54IrishGermanFrenchRussianIrishGermanFrenchRussian55IrishHarpissocloselyassociatedwithIrishidentitythatitservesasthenation'snationalemblem.IrishHarpissocloselyassoc56愛爾蘭英語國家概況課件576.1Geography6.1Geography58Area:70,273sq.km.;Capital:Dublin;GeographicalFeatures:Ithasbeencomparedtoabasin盆地inwhichacentrallimestoneplainrimmedbylow,oftenruggedmountainrangesalongthecoasts.Climate:Ithasatemperatemaritimeclimatewithlittleseasonalorregionalvariationandexcessiverainfall.Ireland’svividgreenlandscapeshaveearneditthetitleEmeraldIsle

綠寶石.Area:70,273sq.km.;Capital:59愛爾蘭英語國家概況課件60TheLiffeyRiverflowsthroughDublin.

TheLiffeyRiverflowsthrough61TheShannonRiver(370kmlong;SevernRiver:338km;ThamesRiver:336km.)isthelongestriverintheBritishIsles.Itconsistsofachainoflakes,beginsinthenorthwestandflowssouthwestbeforereachingtheAtlanticOceanthroughawide,lengthyestuary河口.Itprovideselectricpowerformuchofthecountry.TheShannonRiver(370kmlong62愛爾蘭英語國家概況課件63愛爾蘭英語國家概況課件646.2HistoryEnglandfirstinvadedIrelandin1171

TheActofUnion《聯(lián)合法案》waspassedin1800Anglo-IrishTreatywassignedin1921TheRepublicofIrelandwasfoundedin19496.2History65TheCeltictribesarrivedintheislandaboutthe6thcenturyBC.Inthe9thcenturytheViking北歐海盜invasionsbegan.Theyweredrivenawayinabout1014.EnglandfirstinvadedIrelandunderHenryII(1133-1189,inpower1154-1189)in1171.ButtheEnglishdidnothavefullcontroluntilthe17thcentury.TheCeltictribesarrivedint66TheActofUnion《聯(lián)合法案》waspassedin1800,unitingGreatBritainandIrelandastheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.From1845to1851,IrishPotatoFaminecausesabout1milliondeathsandtheemigrationofabout1.5millionpeople.In1916

(April24-April29),EasterRebellioninDublinbrokeout,inwhichIrishnationalistforcestakecontrolofthecitybeforebeingforcedtosurrenderbytheBritishtroops.TheActofUnion《聯(lián)合法案》waspass67Anglo-IrishTreatywassignedin1921,whichendedtheIrishWarofIndependence(1919-1921)andtheIrishFreeStatewasestablishedwithdominionstatuswithintheCommonwealthofNations.TheRepublicofIrelandwasfoundedin1949,andseparatedfromtheBritishCommonwealth.Anglo-IrishTreatywassigned68Today,uncertaintiesinthenorthcontinuetocolorpoliticsintheIrishRepublic.However,attemptstoendtheviolencehavebroughtthegovernmentsoftheIrishRepublicandtheUnitedKingdomcloser.InJuly2019theIRAformallydeclaredanendtoitsarmedcampaignagainsttheBritishruleinNorthernIreland.In2019,theProtestantandCatholicfactionsinNorthernIrelandagreedtoformanewgovernment.Today,uncertaintiesinth69RelationswithOtherCountries:IrelandattachesspecialimportancetoitsrelationswiththeUnitedStatesandAustralia,wherepeopleofIrishdescentarenumerous.Ireland’srelationswithitsEuropeanneighborshavebecomeincreasinglyimportantasaresultofitsmembershipinEU.However,unlikemostwesternEuropeanstates,IrelandisnotamemberofNATO.Ireland,whichisnotpartofanymilitaryalliance,strivestomaintainaneutralpositioninworldaffairs.RelationswithOtherCountries706.3GovernmentandPoliticsHeadofstatePresident(directsuffrageforatermof7years;weakenedinpowerinthepastyears)HeadofgovernmentPrimeminister(hasgrowninpower)Legislature(Parliament,orOireachtas[`eErEkWEs])HouseofRepresentatives(Dail[dCIl],morepowercomparedwithSenate),166members

Senate(Seanad),60members6.3GovernmentandPoliticsHea71Constitution29December1937;amended2019(theoreticallyapplicabletothewholeofIreland.Actuallyitconsistsof26ofthe32countiesofIreland.)HighestcourtSupremeCourt(IrishlawisbasedonEnglishcommonlawanditsconstitution.)Constitution29December1937;72Politicalparties:FiannaFail([5

fi:EnE]共和黨,SoldiersofDestiny,moreradicalandhasbeeninpowerforalmost50ofitssome80yearsinexistence);FineGael(統(tǒng)一黨,IrishTribe,moreconservative);bothdescendedfromSinnFéin(新芬黨WeOurselves);TheLaborParty;TheProgressiveDemocraticParty.Politicalparties:FiannaFail73

6.4PeopleandReligion

Population:4,156,119(July2019est.)PopulationinDublin:495,781ThebasicethnicgroupisCeltic,withanadmixtureofNorse挪威人,French,NormanandEnglish.Therearenosignificantethnicminorities.HistoricallyIrelandhasbeenfreeofethnicconflictsbecauseofitsracialhomogeneity[7hCmEudVe5ni:iti]同種.6.4PeopleandReligion74

FormorethanacenturyaftertheGreatPotatoFamineofthe1840s,Ireland’spopulationsteadilydeclined,despitethenation’srelativelyhighbirthrate.Thiscontinuousdeclineresultedfrommassemigration,initiallytoescapethefamineandlatertoseekemploymentandbetterlives,mainlyintheUnitedStatesandintheindustrializedcitiesoftheUnitedKingdom.Formorethanacentury75Inthe1960sand1970semigrationfellsharplyandnolongeroffset抵銷thenaturalincrease.Bythe1980sIreland’spopulationwasgrowingatanannualrateofabout0.5percent,andinthe1990simmigrationbegantoexceedemigrationbyasmallmargin.In2019Ireland’spopulationgrewatanannualrateof1.16percent,oneofthehighestratesinwesternEurope.Inthe1960sand1970semi76Officiallanguages:EnglishandIrish.Almost

all

the

peopleofIrelandspeakEnglish,andaboutone-fourthalsoclaimtospeakIrish,aGaelictonguethatbelongstothefamilyofCelticlanguages.

Chiefreligion:RomanCatholic,93percent;TheAnglicanChurchofIreland愛爾蘭圣公會,4percent;Others,3percent.Officiallanguages:Englishan77IrelandisoneofthemostCatholiccountriesofEurope.Catholicism[kE5WClisizm]天主教(教義)isamatterofpublicidentitymorethanmerelyaprivatefaith.ItextendsfarbeyondthebordersofIrelandasaresultofthelarge19th-centuryemigration.AbouthalftheCatholicbishopsintheUnitedStatesareofIrishorigin.Irelandisoneofthemost78SaintPatrick’sDayorSt.Patrick’sDay圣帕特里克節(jié)Holiday

honoring

SaintPatrick,thepatronsaintofIreland.ItiscelebratedannuallyonMarch17,hisfeastday宗教節(jié)日.SaintPatrickwasamissionaryinthe5thcenturyADwhoiscreditedwithconvertingIrelandtoChristianity.St.Patrick’sDayisIreland’sNationalDay(notDecember6,1921,whentheBritishsignedtheAnglo-IrishTreatyestablishinganIrishFreeState).ItisalsocelebratedbypeopleofIrishdescentinmanyothercountries,especiallybyIrishAmericansintheUnitedStates.SaintPatrick’sDayorSt.Pat79SaintPatrick:SaintPatrick,knownastheApostleofIreland,becamebishopofIrelandsometimeafter432.Manylegendsexistabouthislife,includingthathedrovethesnakesoutofIreland,asisdepictedhere.SaintPatrick:SaintPatrick,80SaintPatrick'sCathedral,Armagh,NorthernIrelandSaintPatrick'sCathedral,Arm81SaintPatrick'sCathedral,NewYorkSaintPatrick'sCathedral,New82愛爾蘭英語國家概況課件83IrishAmericanscelebrateSaintPatrick’sDaywithparades.Theshamrock三葉草wasoriginallychosenasthenationalemblemofIrelandbecauseofthelegendthatSaintPatrickusedtheplanttoillustratethedoctrineoftheTrinity.TheyhavebeenconsideredbytheIrishasgood-lucksymbolssinceearliesttimes.IrishAmericanscelebrateSain84愛爾蘭英語國家概況課件85shamrock

三葉草shamrock三葉草86愛爾蘭英語國家概況課件87酸咪咪酸咪咪88Designsofshamrock

三葉草