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Youarewhatyouwrite!托福寫作很重要,語法詞匯不可少,多練多看多比較,表達(dá)句式用得巧,有理有利還有節(jié),滿分一定能拿到。Youarewhatyouwrite!托福寫作很重要,1課程設(shè)置托福寫作介紹獨立寫作:語言修飾:綜合寫作:題目串講:課程設(shè)置托福寫作介紹2揭開托福寫作的神秘面紗揭開托福寫作的神秘面紗3寫作是表達(dá),而不是翻譯寫作是表達(dá),而不是翻譯4美中不足:AmericanChinanofoot;Aflyintheointment心花怒放:Heartflowerangryopen;bewildwithjoy美中不足:5紅顏知己:Redfaceknowme;Female/MaleIntimate人山人海peoplemountainpeopleseahugecrowdsofpeople紅顏知己:6馬馬虎虎HorsehorsetigertigerFairtomiddling不三不四Nothreenofourneitherfishnorfowl馬馬虎虎7我們?yōu)槭裁纯纪懈??我們?yōu)槭裁纯纪懈#?試試看出國留學(xué)可以學(xué)習(xí)知識,增強閱歷,為未來打下基礎(chǔ)!試試看出國留學(xué)可以學(xué)習(xí)知識,增強閱歷,為未來打下基礎(chǔ)!9Bystudyingabroad,weaccumulateknowledge,gainnewexperienceandprepareourselvesforthefuture.Bystudyingabroad,weaccumul10Studyingabroadhelpsusaccumulateknowledge,gainnewexperiencesandprepareourselvesforthefuture.Studyingabroadhelpsusaccum11Ourknowledgeandexperiencesforfuturedevelopmentscanbeaccumulatedbystudyingabroad.Ourknowledgeandexperiences12Studyingabroad,wecangainknowledge,experiences,andskillsforfuturedevelopments.Studyingabroad,wecangain13Bringingnewknowledgeandmoreexperiences,studyingabroadisbeneficialforourfuturedevelopments.Bringingnewknowledgeandmor14
句子三種訓(xùn)練方法多種方法表達(dá)同一句意;擴充豐富已有句型;對句式進行各種變換。句子三種訓(xùn)練方法多種方法表達(dá)同一句意;15再試試我認(rèn)為,我同意這個觀點:勤奮才能成功。再試試我認(rèn)為,我同意這個觀點:勤奮才能成16Iagreewiththeidea:IwillsucceedifIworkhard.Iagreewiththeidea:Iwill17用高級詞匯替換低級詞匯Isupporttheannouncement:IwillsucceedifIsparenoeffortforworking.用高級詞匯替換低級詞匯Isupporttheannou18
添加副詞和形容詞Istronglysupporttheclassicalannouncement:IwilldefinitelysucceedifIsparenoeffortforworking.添加副詞和形容詞Istronglysuppor19
找出潛在的邏輯關(guān)系A(chǔ)ccordingtomypersonalexperienceandeducation,Istronglysupporttheclassicalannouncement:finalsuccessresultsfromhard-work.找出潛在的邏輯關(guān)系A(chǔ)ccordingtomyp20Basedonmypersonalexperienceandeducationalbackground,Istronglysupporttheclassicalsaying:finalsuccesscomesfromcontinualhard-work.Basedonmypersonalexperienc21Iagreewiththeidea:IwillsucceedifIworkhard.Basedonmypersonalexperienceandeducationalbackground,Istronglysupporttheclassicalsaying:finalsuccesscomesfromcontinualhard-working.Iagreewiththeidea:Iwill22如果既不了解敵人,又不了解自己,你就完蛋了!如果既不了解敵人,又不了解自己,你就完蛋了!23“Ifyouknowneitheryourselfnoryourenemy,youwillalwaysendangeryourself”“Ifyouknowneitheryourself24
Ifyouknowneithervocabularynorgrammar,youwillalwaysendangeryourself!Ifyouknowneithervocabul25你了解自己嗎?你了解自己嗎?26Peopleworkinginbigcompanyaresupposedtousecomputer.Peopleworkinginbigcompany27Thereisanevidencethatadvertisingprofoundlyaffectshumanbeingtheworldover.Thereisanevidencethatadve28Thepersonwithbroadandprofoundknowledgecanhaveabetterlifethanthepersonwhodoesnot.Thepersonwithbroadandprof29Themanbittenbythehomelessdoghasdied.Themanbittenbythehomeless30ThemajorityofChinesearefondofwatchingtelevision.ThemajorityofChinesearefo31Alargeamountofpeoplegoabroadtolearnknowledge.
Alargeamountofpeoplegoab32Judgmentsmadeinmostofthebookarebelievable.Judgmentsmadeinmostofthe33Dinosaurshaveextincted.
Dinosaurshaveextincted.34
拼寫重要嗎?pattimepronouncationchangeablewrittingtruelysuceedninteenthmaintenance拼寫重要嗎?pattime35
一、托福寫作介紹一、托福寫作介紹36托福寫作課上內(nèi)部資料della1課件37
分值換算表RawScoreScaledScore5.00304.75294.50284.25274.00253.75243.5223.25213.0020分值換算表RawScoreScal38PercentileRankiBTScaledScorePercentileRank3097.92995.92893.42790.52587.22482.92277.42172.4PercentileRankiBTScaledSco39托福寫作課上內(nèi)部資料della1課件40
IntegratedwritingReading:3mins,200-300wordsListening:2mins,200-300wordsWriting:20mins,150-225wordsIndependentWritingWriting:30mins,300-400wordsIntegratedw41ETS會做的是:數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)數(shù)每段句子數(shù)、每個句子的平均字?jǐn)?shù)單詞的字母數(shù)邏輯銜接詞的使用數(shù)量是人數(shù)的!ETS會做的是:數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)42寫作須知不要寫標(biāo)題禁止使用啟示語氣寫作格式:縮行式(首句空4到6個字母)空行式(段與段之間空一行)標(biāo)點符號后面要空格句子首字母要大寫,專有名詞首字母大寫I,China,Japanese(日語),ShanyuanStreet,ThePulitzerPrize。寫作須知不要寫標(biāo)題43英式英語還是美式英語?colo(u)r,program(me),labo(u)r書面語還是口語?當(dāng)然是書面語BTW,Udunno,&,@∵∴♀♂4u2Bornot2B,that’sa?英式英語還是美式英語?44推薦書目TPOOG,Delta’sKey,Kaplan,Barron,Princeton詞匯:俞敏洪《TOEFL詞匯:詞根+聯(lián)想記憶法》張洪偉、戴云《托福10000詞》語法:戴云《托福語法滿分精要》張道真《實用英語語法》推薦書目TPO45
推薦網(wǎng)站托福機經(jīng)網(wǎng)小馬過河太傻、寄托天下新東方批改網(wǎng)推薦網(wǎng)站托福機經(jīng)網(wǎng)46
二、獨立寫作托福寫作課上內(nèi)部資料della1課件47托福寫作課上內(nèi)部資料della1課件485分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)EffectivelyaddressesthetopicandtaskWellorganizedandwelldevelopedAppropriateexplanations,exemplificationsanddetailsUnity,progressionandcoherenceDisplaysconsistentfacilityintheuseoflanguage,demonstratingsyntacticvariety,appropriatewordchoiceandidiomaticity.Minorlexicalorgrammaticalerrors5分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Effectivelyaddressest49
4分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)butmaycontainoccasionalredundancy,orlackofclarity,digression,orunclearconnectionsandcontainssentencevarietyandarangeofvocabulary,butmayhaveoccasionalnoticeable
minorlanguageerrorsthatdonotinterferewithmeaning.4分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)butmayconta503分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)butconnectionsamongideasmaybeoccasionallyobscured,unclear;orinconsistentinusinglanguageeffectively,witherrorsingrammarandvocabularythatoccasionallyobscuremeaningbutlimitedrangeofsyntacticstructuresandvocabulary3分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)butconnectionsa51
《官方指南》的話
考生是否贊同某一觀點并不重要,評分人員經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)可以接受所有不同類型的觀點重要的是考生在議論中具備的能力:⑴直接切入問題的能力,⑵明確提出主張的能力,以及寫出⑶結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)⑷例證恰當(dāng)⑸句子多樣化且⑹結(jié)構(gòu)正確文章的能力?!豆俜街改稀返脑捒忌欠褓澩骋挥^點并不重要52獨立寫作圣經(jīng)1第一要義,觀點要表達(dá)清楚不基于考生的真實身份,可以造假只考語言水平,不側(cè)重思想水平不測試考生的真實想法寫作基于表達(dá),不基于翻譯獨立寫作圣經(jīng)1第一要義,觀點要表達(dá)清楚53獨立寫作圣經(jīng)2不同于平時的寫作內(nèi)容、語言同等重要,不要過分追求語言觀點的層次比觀點的數(shù)量更重要邏輯錯誤比語言錯誤重要跑題你就完蛋了獨立寫作圣經(jīng)2不同于平時的寫作54
關(guān)于字?jǐn)?shù)通常,一篇作文大約需要300詞。少于300詞的作文也能獲得高分,但是經(jīng)驗表明,較短的作文無法對一些論點展開討論,而要獲得5分的成績,對論點的討論是必須的。關(guān)于字?jǐn)?shù)通常,一篇作文大約需要355
比字?jǐn)?shù)更重要的作文數(shù)字沒有上限,但是不要為寫而寫,應(yīng)針對話題有的放矢。觀點的數(shù)目固然重要,但評分人員更看重觀點的質(zhì)量和陳述觀點的有效性。比字?jǐn)?shù)更重要的作文數(shù)字沒有上限,但是不要為寫而561、獨立寫作分類1、獨立寫作分類57
題型分類-11、觀點選擇:Whichwouldyouprefer…2、比較對比:ratherthan;as…as;compare3、自主定義:在一定范圍內(nèi)自主選擇
58
觀點選擇類
Someprefertoworkforalargecompany.Othersprefertoworkforasmallcompany.Whichwouldyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.觀點選擇類Someprefertoworkf59
Somepeopleprefertoliveinasmalltown,Othersprefertoliveinabigcity,whichplacewouldyouprefertolivein?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Somepeopleprefertolive60
比較對比類
Ithasbeensaid,“Noteverythingthatislearnediscontainedinbooks.”CompareandContrastknowledgegainedfromexperiencewithknowledgegainedfrombooks.Inyouropinion,Whichsourceismoreimportant?Why?比較對比類Ithasbeen61Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Beingcreative,ratherthanplanningcarefully,helpspeoplecomeupwiththebestsolutiontoproblems.Doyouagreeordisagreewith62Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peoplethinkitismoreenjoyabletoworkthreedaysaweekforlongtimethantoworkfivedaysaweekforshortertime.Doyouagreeordisagreewith63
Acompanyhasannouncedthatitwishestobuildalargefactorynearyourcommunity.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthisnewinfluenceonyourcommunity.Doyousupportoropposethefactory?Explainyourposition.Acompanyhasannouncedtha64
自主定義
Youhaveaopportunitytovisitaforeigncountryfortwoweeks.Whichcountrywouldyouliketovisit?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyourchoice.自主定義Youhavea65判斷題型類別判斷題型類別66
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peopleshouldnotbepermittedtousemobilephonesonpublictransportationvehicles,suchasbuses,trains,oraeroplanes.Doyouagree67
Somepeopleprefertofinishaprojectcompletelybeforestartinganother.Othersprefertodotwoorseveralprojectsatthesametime.Whichwaywouldyouprefer?Somepeopleprefertofinis68
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peoplecanbenefitmorefromtravelingintheirowncountrythantravelinginforeigncountries.Doyouagreeordisagreewi69
Doagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Mostadvertisementsmaketheproductseemmuchbetterthanitreallyis.Doagreeord70
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peoplecansolveimportantproblemsbythemselvesorwiththehelpfromtheirfamilymemberssothere'snoneedforthegovernmenttohelpthem.Doyouagre71
Doagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Mostadvertisementsmaketheproductseemmuchbetterthanitreallyis.Doagreeordisagreewitht72
Itisbettertouseourpersonalknowledgeandexperiencetosolveproblems,ratherthanaskingotherpeopleforadvice.Itisbettertouseourper73
Ifyoucouldinventsomethingnew,whatproductwouldyoudevelop?Ifyoucouldinventsometh74
Ifyoucouldchangeoneimportantthingaboutyourhometown,Whatwouldyouchange?Usereasonsandspecificexamplestosupportyouranswer.Ifyoucouldchangeoneimp75獨立寫作分類-2獨立寫作分類-276單一事物利弊Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peopleshouldnotbepermittedtousemobilephonesonpublictransportationvehicles,suchasbuses,trains,oraeroplanes.單一事物利弊Doyouagreeor77多事物利弊Somepeopleprefertofinishaprojectcompletelybeforestartinganother.Othersprefertodotwoorseveralprojectsatthesametime.Whichwaywouldyouprefer?多事物利弊Somepeoplepr78事實類Doagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Mostadvertisementsmaketheproductseemmuchbetterthanitreallyis.事實類Doagreeord79因果類Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peoplecansolveimportantproblemsbythemselvesorwiththehelpfromtheirfamilymemberssothere'snoneedforthegovernmenttohelpthem.因果類Doyouagree80獨立寫作分類—題材(詞匯積累)1、學(xué)校和教育(schoolandeducation)2、科學(xué)技術(shù)(Technology)
3、媒體(Media)4、工作和成功(Workandsuccess)5、政府(Government)
6、交通運輸(Transportation)
7、環(huán)境(Environment)8、生活(life):友誼、休閑9、金錢和工資(Money/Salary)
獨立寫作分類—題材(詞匯積累)1、學(xué)校和教育(school81托福作文容易跑題
更容易寫得不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)托福作文822、審題2、審題83Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Parentsarethebestteachersfortheirchildren.Doyouagreeordisagreewith84Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Apersonshouldnevermakeanimportantdecisionalone.Doyouagreeordisagreewith85
Youhaveaopportunitytovisitaforeigncountryfortwoweeks.Whichcountrywouldyouliketovisit?UsespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyourchoiceYouhaveaopportunitytov86
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Totrulyunderstandanyeventshappenedintheworld,weshoulddrawournewsfromnewspapers;televisioncannotprovideenoughinformation.Doyouagreeordisagreewi87
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Scientistsshouldberesponsibleforthenegativeimpactoftheirscientificresearch.Doyouagreeordisagreewi88
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Parentsfindithardtocontroltheirchildrenforthechildrenarenowinfluencedbymanythingsoutsidehomeliketelevisionormovies.Doyouagreeordisagreewi89
Peopleattendtouniversityorcollegeformanydifferentreasons(forexample,newexperiences,careerpreparation,increasedknowledge).Whydoyouthinkpeopleattendtouniversityorcollege?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouridea.Peopleattendtouniversity90
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peoplewhodonotworkbecausetheyhaveenoughmoneyarerarelyhappy.Doyouagreeordisagreewi91
Somepeoplesaythatphysicalexerciseshouldbearequiredpartofeveryschoolday.Otherpeoplebelievethatstudentsshouldspendthewholeschooldayonacademicstudies.Whichopiniondoyouagreewith?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Somepeoplesaythatphysic92
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Childrenshouldbeginlearningaforeignlanguageassoonastheystartschool.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourposition.Doyouagreeordisagreewi93
Youneedtotravelfromyourhometoaplace40miles(64Kilometers)away.Comparethedifferentkindsoftransportationyoucoulduse.TellWhichmethodoftravelyouwouldchoose.Givespecificreasonsforyourchoice.Youneedtotravelfromyou94Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Intwentyyears,studentswillnotuseprintedbooksanymore.Doyouagreeordisagreewith95Manyteachersassignhomeworktostudentseveryday.Doyouthinkthatdailyhomeworkisnecessaryforstudents?Manyteachersassignhomework96
審題方法★判斷題型★找絕對詞(only/never/best/anything/always/no/forever/entire)★找限定詞twoweeks/city,town/oneofthefollowings/40miles)★找爭論的焦點審題方法★判斷題型97便健經(jīng)交幸,成環(huán)品科國便健經(jīng)交幸,成環(huán)品科國983、寫作原則3、寫作原則99寫作原則——KISS有理:符合社會規(guī)范、合乎常理不涉及宗教、政治等敏感議題有利:分論點有利于總論點,細(xì)節(jié)、例子有利于分論點有節(jié):只寫會寫的,只寫好寫的,節(jié)制感情,節(jié)制時間。有話可說、有例可舉寫作原則——KISS有理:符合社會規(guī)范、合乎常理100Keepitsimple,systematic!Keepitsimple,systematic!1014、文章結(jié)構(gòu)4、文章結(jié)構(gòu)102開頭(1段)主體(3段)結(jié)尾(1段)
段落劃分開頭(1段)段落劃分103
文章結(jié)構(gòu)★一邊倒★讓步
★折中文章結(jié)構(gòu)★一邊倒104一邊倒中間倒3段:支持方的3個優(yōu)點詳寫,比重相當(dāng);支持方的2個優(yōu)點詳寫,反對方的1個缺點稍略寫;中間倒2段:支持方的2個優(yōu)點詳細(xì)論證,比重相當(dāng)。住校內(nèi)好還是校外好一邊倒中間倒3段:105讓步中間3段:支持方2個優(yōu)點詳細(xì)寫,反對方1-2個優(yōu)點簡略寫。打工還是創(chuàng)業(yè)?讓步中間3段:106讓步段三大“杯具”對讓步內(nèi)容沒有展開;對讓步內(nèi)容沒有進行削弱和反駁;對讓步內(nèi)容態(tài)度堅定,內(nèi)容過長,且感情強烈。讓步段三大“杯具”對讓步內(nèi)容沒有展開;107讓步段寫法主題句(topicsentence)支持句(supportingsentence)舉例(example)段內(nèi)小結(jié)(sum)讓步段與支持段結(jié)構(gòu)一致,只是主題句和段內(nèi)小結(jié)的寫法不同。讓步段要對讓步內(nèi)容不斷削弱。讓步段寫法主題句(topicsenten108讓步段主題句寫法四種方法可以削弱讓步內(nèi)容:從語氣上削弱:admittedly/Iconcede/Icompromise/Iconfess從可能性上削弱:may/might/possibly/probably從數(shù)量上削弱:one/oneortwo/acoupleof/minor/several從程度上削弱:tosomeextent/tosomedegree讓步段主題句寫法四種方法可以削弱讓步內(nèi)容:109讓步段主題句說話方式兩種說話方法:我坦誠的說/我坦白的說/我妥協(xié)的說另一個方面也可能/或許有一個/兩個好處;Admittedly,Bmayhaveoneadvantage.我坦誠的說/我坦白的說/我妥協(xié)的說某物/某事在一定程度上也可能有點……Admittedly,Bmaybehelpfultosomeextent.讓步段主題句說話方式兩種說話方法:110“杯具”與“洗具”AlthoughBmayhaveoneadvantage,theadvantageswegainfromAfaroutweighthem.Admittedly,Bmayhaveoneadvantage.“杯具”與“洗具”AlthoughB111開頭結(jié)尾與中間段落配合我選A;A的好處1;A的好處2;A的好處3;我真的選A哈!盡管B有一個好處,但是A的好處比B多;A的好處1;A的好處2;B也有一個好處,但是A的好處比B多;盡管B有一個好處,但是A的好處真的比B多哈!開頭結(jié)尾與中間段落配合我選A;盡管B有一個好處,但是A的好處112對讓步內(nèi)容削弱和反駁的方法辯證法次要法少數(shù)法提解決方案對讓步內(nèi)容削弱和反駁的方法辯證法113辯證法好處從某種角度來看也是壞處,壞處從某種角度來看也是好處;However,theonlyadvantageofBmayshifttoanightmare/drawbackifwelookatitfromadifferentangle……住大城市還是住小鎮(zhèn)?在家看電影還是在電影院看電影?辯證法好處從某種角度來看也是壞114次要法讓步方的好處比支持方的好處次要,或支持方的壞處比起好處來次要;嚴(yán)禁“霸王硬上弓”,強說別人次要;However,theadvantagesofAaremoreimportantthanthoseofB.住大城市還是住小鎮(zhèn)?在家看電影還是去電影院看電影?次要法讓步方的好處比支持方的好處次115少數(shù)法讓步方優(yōu)點與支持方優(yōu)點比起來較少,或支持方缺點與優(yōu)點比起來較少;嚴(yán)禁“霸王硬上弓”,人多欺人少;However,theadvantagesofAarefarmorethanthoseofB.However,theadvantagesofAoutnumberthoseofB.住大城市還是住小鎮(zhèn)?在家看電影還是去電影院看電影?少數(shù)法讓步方優(yōu)點與支持方優(yōu)點比起來116提解決方案對方的好處我方也可以有辦法得到,我方的壞處可以有辦法消除;However,theproblemcanbesolvedby……However,thenegativeinfluencecanbeeliminatedby……住大城市還是住小鎮(zhèn)?在家看電影還是去電影院看電影?提解決方案對方的好處我方也可以有辦法得到117讓步的精髓是讓一小步讓步的精髓是讓一小步118
讓步段要避免“杯具”讓步段同樣要對讓步內(nèi)容進行展開;讓步段內(nèi)容展開要適度,每個讓步觀點展開比重不宜超過支持段;讓步段結(jié)尾要對讓步內(nèi)容進行削弱和反駁。讓步段要避免“杯具”讓步段同樣要對讓步內(nèi)容進行展開;119讓步段主題句Admittedly,watchingtelevisionmayalsohaveoneadvantageforchildren.讓步段主題句Admittedly120讓步段支持句Theyarepossiblyabletoincreasesomeknowledgefromwatchingsomeprograms,suchasDiscoveries.讓步段支持句Theyarepossib121讓步段例子及細(xì)節(jié)Forinstance,theymightknowtheevolutionaryprocessofhumansociety.讓步段例子及細(xì)節(jié)Forinstance,t122對讓步內(nèi)容進行削弱和反駁However,thedisadvantagesfaroutweightheonlybenefit.Moreover,theknowledgefromtelevisioncanbealsoaccumulatedbyreadingbooks.對讓步內(nèi)容進行削弱和反駁However,thedisad123讓步結(jié)構(gòu)的好處避免了寫支持面第三個觀點,轉(zhuǎn)而寫不利于支持方的一個理由(容易湊字?jǐn)?shù));顯得考慮問題比較周全;對方比較容易接受。讓步結(jié)構(gòu)的好處避免了寫支持面第三個觀點,124讓步的方法用不利于己方的觀點進行讓步;單一事物讓步多事物讓步程度讓步(去絕對化)讓步的方法用不利于己方的觀點進行讓步;125自己玩好還是跟團玩好?哪種類型的題目?結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計1+1+1comparison2+1(反對方缺點)2-1(反對方優(yōu)點)2-1(支持方缺點)自己玩好還是跟團玩好?哪種類型的題目?結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計126折中高薪工作時間長還是低薪工作時間短?住大城市還是住小鎮(zhèn)?住校內(nèi)還是住校外?跟導(dǎo)游玩還是自己玩?買房子還是買企業(yè)?折中高薪工作時間長還是低薪工127推薦方案讓步一邊倒3段一邊倒2段折中一邊倒1段推薦方案讓步1285、論證5、論證129
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:Themostimportantaspectofajobisthemoneyapersonearns.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Doyouagreeordisagreewi130立論方法法1:如果有了錢≠只有有了錢,才能······法2:如果沒有錢,惡劣后果1、2、3法3:比較:最重要的因素有A、B、錢錢比A重要錢比B重要立論方法法1:如果有了錢≠只有有了錢,131駁論方法法1:盡管錢重要,但最重要的是A,A比錢重要:1、2、3、法2:如果錢是最重要的:惡果1、2所以錢不值最重要的駁論方法法1:盡管錢重要,但最重132
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Oneshouldneverjudgeapersonbyexternalappearances,Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Doyouagreeordisagreewi133
立論更簡單立論1:盡管外表有用,但是A更重要立論2:如果以貌取人,惡果1、2、3,所以不能以貌取人。立論更簡單立論1:盡管外表有用,但是A134駁論駁論1:讓步?+某種情況可以通過外表判斷(臉紅了—Shy)駁論2:讓步?+如果永遠(yuǎn)不用外表判斷,惡果1、2、3駁論駁論1:讓步?+某種135
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatements:Playingagameisfunonlywhenyouwin.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswers.Doyouagreeordisagreewi136
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Television,newspapers,magazines,andothermediapaytoomuchattentiontothepersonallivesoffamouspeoplesuchaspublicfiguresandcelebrities.Doyouagreeordisagreewi137
Theyoungshoulddecidewhattheywanttodoandwhattheywanttobeassoonastheycan,inordertosavethetimefordevelopinghiscareer.
Theyoungshoulddecidewha138論證注意事項論證注意事項139第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)Some···other···;Therearemanypeople······Itiswellknownthattakingsportsnotonlybuildspeople’sbodies,butalsobuildstheirminds.AndIreallyagreewiththeideathatpeoplecanlearnalotfromthebuildingprogressthatsportsboastonbothsides.第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)Some···other···140
6、論點6、論點141
論點一定要展開展開論點就是用各種支持內(nèi)容(事例、細(xì)節(jié)、理由等)來支持文章的觀點。不要為了增加文章的字?jǐn)?shù)而死記硬背一些冗長的句、段。論點一定要展開展開論點就是用各種支持內(nèi)容(事例、細(xì)142必須是并列關(guān)系堅持很重要:1、工作中重要;2、學(xué)習(xí)中重要;3、Wrightbrother發(fā)明飛機不能過于細(xì)致:建餐館導(dǎo)致水污染、空氣污染。必須是并列關(guān)系143論點從何而來?論點從何而來?144利弊類:萬金由利弊類:萬金由145講義第4頁講義第4頁146住校內(nèi)好,還是校外好?
住大城市好,還是小城市好?住校內(nèi)好,還是校外好?
住大城市好,還是小城市好?147萬金由—萬能應(yīng)用理由(1)健康和安全(Health/FitnessandSafety)營養(yǎng)(Nutrition)緩解壓力(relievethestress/pressure)食品安全(foodsafety)生活習(xí)慣(livingstyle)體育鍛煉(sports/exercise/games)身體傷害(bodyinjury)財產(chǎn)安全(propertysafety)萬金由—萬能應(yīng)用理由(1)健康和安全(Health/Fitn148(2)便利(convenience)
節(jié)省時間(Savingtime)時間靈活(flexible)交通(traffic)休閑(recreation)娛樂(entertainment/relaxation)健身(fitnessactivity)購物(shopping)教育(education)醫(yī)療(medicalcare)(2)便利(convenience)
節(jié)省時間(Savin149(3)經(jīng)濟economy/economical/economic就業(yè)問題(unemployment/employment)職業(yè)(occupations)農(nóng)業(yè)(agriculture)工業(yè)(industry)heavy/lightindustry;serviceindustries工資(wage/salary)agoodwage收入(income)onahighincome支出(spending/expenditure/expense)利潤(profit)稅收(tax/tariffs)旅游(tourism/journeys/traveling)(3)經(jīng)濟economy/economical/econom150(4)交流communication交友(makingfriends)集體活動(collectiveactivity)談話(conversation)聊天(chatting)人際關(guān)系(interpersonalrelationship)社交圈子(socialcircle)(4)交流communication交友(making151(5)幸福與情感Happiness/Love/Affection激情(passion/enthusiasm)興趣(interests)親情(familylove)友情(friendship)愛情(Love)樂趣(fun/happiness)好惡(personalchoice/favor/preference/taste)(5)幸福與情感Happiness/Love/Affecti152(6)成功(success)成就感(asenseofachievement)榮譽感(asenseofhonor)財富(wealth)自信(self-confidence)競爭(competitions)潛力(potentialities)動機(motivations)壓力(pressures/stress)(6)成功(success)成就感(asenseof153(7)環(huán)保environmentalprotection
生態(tài)平衡(ecologicalbalance/eco-balance)沙漠化(desertification)砍伐森林(deforestation)沙塵暴(sandstorm)干旱(drought)洪水(flood)瀕危動物(endangeredanimals)環(huán)境污染(environmentalpollution)(7)環(huán)保environmentalprotection154(8)品格(virtue)聰明(clever/brilliant)合作(cooperation/collaboration)堅忍不拔(perseverance/persistence)勤奮(industrious/diligence)獨立(independence)負(fù)責(zé)任(beresponsibleto)寬容(tolerant/forgiving)體貼(considerate)謙虛(modest/humble)誠實(honesty/integrity)(8)品格(virtue)聰明(clever/brilli155(9)科技、教育、培訓(xùn)science/education/training科技的發(fā)展發(fā)明(Scientificdevelopmentandinventions)效率(efficient)實習(xí)(intern/internships)教育(education)(9)科技、教育、培訓(xùn)science/education/t156(10)國家和文明(nationandcivilization)慈善事業(yè)(charities)志愿者(volunteers)人與自然的和諧(harmoniousrelationshipbetweenpeopleandnature)社會公平(socialjustice)(10)國家和文明(nationandcivilizat157便健經(jīng)交幸,成環(huán)品科國便健經(jīng)交幸,成環(huán)品科國1587、開篇方法7、開篇方法159開篇——背景法是否同意建工廠?背景-論題-各方觀點、理由-我的觀點理由背景-論題-反面-過渡-正面(我的觀點、理由)背景-論題-我的觀點、理由論題+他人的觀點、理由-我的觀點、理由★一定要有論題,我的觀點后一定要有理由開篇——背景法160背景句型SomepeoplethinkA,otherpeoplethinkB…Accordingtoarecentstatisticontheinternet,thenumberofsingle-childfamilyoccupies75%ofChinesefamilies,andundoubtedlyhasatendencyofincreasing.Itisnotraretoseemanystudentsdozingoffordoingotherthingswhiletheprofessoristryinghisbestexplainingatheory.背景句型Somepeopleth161withthedevelopmentofeconomyandscience/technology,moreandmorecompaniesarefound,buttherearenotenoughpeopletotakethesepositions.withthedevelopmentofeconom162是否同意建工廠?
緊扣題目,提出普遍現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象(人們越來越關(guān)注生活環(huán)境了)是否同意建工廠?緊扣題目,提出普遍現(xiàn)象163開篇——事例法事例-論題-各方觀點理由-我的觀點理由時態(tài):例子,一般過去時;論述,一般現(xiàn)在時老人去世-中毒-工廠由頭:媒體報道+朋友、鄰居、家人的故事舉例句式熟練應(yīng)用開篇——事例法事例-論題-各方觀點理由-我的觀點164
Oneday,mywife,whohasbeenpregnantforsixmonths,caughtacold.Shewantedtotakemedicineforhercoldbutshewonderedwhetherthemedicinewilldoharmtothebaby.Sheturnedonthecomputerandgoogledinformationonthesafetyofthecoldmedicine.Afterthat,shemadearightdecision.Theimpactthatcomputerhasonourlivesisundeniable.Oneday,mywife,whohasb165開篇——引語法引語-論題-各方觀點理由-我的觀點理由舉例:老年人不能從年輕人那里學(xué)到任何東西。Amonganythreepeople,Iwillfindsomethingtolearnforsure.開篇——引語法引語-論題-各方觀點理由-我的觀點166文章開頭之定義法給題目中某個概念下定義,圍繞你下的定義進行討論,即定一下一個前提;優(yōu)點:適當(dāng)創(chuàng)新,突出個性;缺點:定義偏差大,人們不能接受;很多題目不適合下定義。文章開頭之定義法給題目中某個概念下定義,圍繞你下的定167定義法舉例老師的親和力affinity更重要,還是學(xué)術(shù)能力更重要?定義法舉例老師的親和力affinity1688、主題句8、主題句169★每段都有主題句:第一段最后一句。其他段第一句。托福寫作課上內(nèi)部資料della1課件170主題句要求1必須是陳述句;Isn’titbetterforustochooseaforeignuniversity?主題句要求1必須是陳述句;171主題句要求2必須表明觀點任何事實,必加推論,將結(jié)論置于段首。主題句要求2必須表明觀點172主題句要求3態(tài)度要堅決Inmyhumbleopinion…I’mnotsureaboutthis,butIstillwanttosay…主題句要求3態(tài)度要堅決173主題句要求4主題句簡短有力ThefirstreasonIwanttoputforwardattheverybeginningshouldbeconsideredas…主題句要求4主題句簡短有力174主題句要求5主題句必須能夠統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全段;讀完主題句讀者應(yīng)該能夠掌握本段內(nèi)容;段落展開其實是對主題句進行展開。主題句要求5主題句必須能夠統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全段;175“和平友好”合:觀點是否合適寫;平:每個觀點之間是否平行?有:每個觀點是否都有展開的余地?好:每個觀點是否好寫?是否有能力寫?“和平友好”合:觀點是否合適寫;176主題句范例Therearemanyqualitiesthatmakeupagoodfriend,butthemostessentialofthesearehelpfulnessandbeingconsiderate.主題句范例Therearemanyqualities177Istronglysupporttheideaofouterspaceexplorationforitbenefitshumansnotonlyinthepresentbutalsointhefuture.Istronglysupporttheideaof178Peoplewholiveinsmalltownoftenhaveamuchcomfortablelifestyle.Peoplewholiveinsmalltown179
結(jié)尾必須要有結(jié)尾!總結(jié)全文,重述各方觀點理由(讓步)、主題觀點理由,首尾呼應(yīng)。提出建議、解決問題、深化意義
結(jié)尾必須要有結(jié)尾!180結(jié)尾舉例是否應(yīng)該建工廠?結(jié)尾:建工廠時一定要注意環(huán)保。住大城市好、小城市好?結(jié)尾:改善大城市環(huán)境,解決壓力,使大城市更美好。在小區(qū)建學(xué)校不僅對現(xiàn)在有意義,對未來也有意義。結(jié)尾舉例181結(jié)尾范例Inconclusion,peoplearelivinglongernowowingtothedevelopmentsofmedical,cokingandmatchingfoodinrightwaysandsoon.結(jié)尾范例Inconclusion182Inaword,Ibelievethatuniversitiesshouldrequirestudentstotakeclassesinmanysubjects,ratherthanrequirestudentstospecializeinonesubject.Inaword,Ibelievethatuniv183Eventhoughstudentsshouldlearntheirmajorsubjectsdeeply,theyarefullypreparedtomangetheworldonlywhentheyhaveaccumulatedabundantknowledgeandsocialskills.Eventhoughstudentsshouldle1849、段落展開9、段落展開185
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