托福寫作課上內(nèi)部資料della1課件

Youarewhatyouwrite！托福寫作很重要，語法詞匯不可少，多練多看多比較，表達(dá)句式用得巧，有理有利還有節(jié)，滿分一定能拿到。Youarewhatyouwrite！托福寫作很重要，1課程設(shè)置托福寫作介紹獨立寫作：語言修飾：綜合寫作：題目串講：課程設(shè)置托福寫作介紹2揭開托福寫作的神秘面紗揭開托福寫作的神秘面紗3寫作是表達(dá)，而不是翻譯寫作是表達(dá)，而不是翻譯4美中不足：AmericanChinanofoot;Aflyintheointment心花怒放：Heartflowerangryopen;bewildwithjoy美中不足：5紅顏知己：Redfaceknowme;Female/MaleIntimate人山人海peoplemountainpeopleseahugecrowdsofpeople紅顏知己：6馬馬虎虎HorsehorsetigertigerFairtomiddling不三不四Nothreenofourneitherfishnorfowl馬馬虎虎7我們?yōu)槭裁纯纪懈?？我們?yōu)槭裁纯纪懈＃?試試看出國留學(xué)可以學(xué)習(xí)知識，增強閱歷，為未來打下基礎(chǔ)！試試看出國留學(xué)可以學(xué)習(xí)知識，增強閱歷，為未來打下基礎(chǔ)！9Bystudyingabroad,weaccumulateknowledge,gainnewexperienceandprepareourselvesforthefuture.Bystudyingabroad,weaccumul10Studyingabroadhelpsusaccumulateknowledge,gainnewexperiencesandprepareourselvesforthefuture.Studyingabroadhelpsusaccum11Ourknowledgeandexperiencesforfuturedevelopmentscanbeaccumulatedbystudyingabroad.Ourknowledgeandexperiences12Studyingabroad,wecangainknowledge,experiences,andskillsforfuturedevelopments.Studyingabroad,wecangain13Bringingnewknowledgeandmoreexperiences,studyingabroadisbeneficialforourfuturedevelopments.Bringingnewknowledgeandmor14

句子三種訓(xùn)練方法多種方法表達(dá)同一句意；擴充豐富已有句型；對句式進行各種變換。句子三種訓(xùn)練方法多種方法表達(dá)同一句意；15再試試我認(rèn)為，我同意這個觀點：勤奮才能成功。再試試我認(rèn)為，我同意這個觀點：勤奮才能成16Iagreewiththeidea:IwillsucceedifIworkhard.Iagreewiththeidea:Iwill17用高級詞匯替換低級詞匯Isupporttheannouncement:IwillsucceedifIsparenoeffortforworking.用高級詞匯替換低級詞匯Isupporttheannou18

添加副詞和形容詞Istronglysupporttheclassicalannouncement:IwilldefinitelysucceedifIsparenoeffortforworking.添加副詞和形容詞Istronglysuppor19

找出潛在的邏輯關(guān)系A(chǔ)ccordingtomypersonalexperienceandeducation,Istronglysupporttheclassicalannouncement:finalsuccessresultsfromhard-work.找出潛在的邏輯關(guān)系A(chǔ)ccordingtomyp20Basedonmypersonalexperienceandeducationalbackground,Istronglysupporttheclassicalsaying:finalsuccesscomesfromcontinualhard-work.Basedonmypersonalexperienc21Iagreewiththeidea:IwillsucceedifIworkhard.Basedonmypersonalexperienceandeducationalbackground,Istronglysupporttheclassicalsaying:finalsuccesscomesfromcontinualhard-working.Iagreewiththeidea:Iwill22如果既不了解敵人，又不了解自己，你就完蛋了！如果既不了解敵人，又不了解自己，你就完蛋了！23“Ifyouknowneitheryourselfnoryourenemy,youwillalwaysendangeryourself”“Ifyouknowneitheryourself24

Ifyouknowneithervocabularynorgrammar,youwillalwaysendangeryourself!Ifyouknowneithervocabul25你了解自己嗎？你了解自己嗎？26Peopleworkinginbigcompanyaresupposedtousecomputer.Peopleworkinginbigcompany27Thereisanevidencethatadvertisingprofoundlyaffectshumanbeingtheworldover.Thereisanevidencethatadve28Thepersonwithbroadandprofoundknowledgecanhaveabetterlifethanthepersonwhodoesnot.Thepersonwithbroadandprof29Themanbittenbythehomelessdoghasdied.Themanbittenbythehomeless30ThemajorityofChinesearefondofwatchingtelevision.ThemajorityofChinesearefo31Alargeamountofpeoplegoabroadtolearnknowledge.

Alargeamountofpeoplegoab32Judgmentsmadeinmostofthebookarebelievable.Judgmentsmadeinmostofthe33Dinosaurshaveextincted.

Dinosaurshaveextincted.34

拼寫重要嗎？pattimepronouncationchangeablewrittingtruelysuceedninteenthmaintenance拼寫重要嗎？pattime35

一、托福寫作介紹一、托福寫作介紹36托福寫作課上內(nèi)部資料della1課件37

分值換算表RawScoreScaledScore5.00304.75294.50284.25274.00253.75243.5223.25213.0020分值換算表RawScoreScal38PercentileRankiBTScaledScorePercentileRank3097.92995.92893.42790.52587.22482.92277.42172.4PercentileRankiBTScaledSco39托福寫作課上內(nèi)部資料della1課件40

IntegratedwritingReading:3mins,200-300wordsListening:2mins,200-300wordsWriting:20mins,150-225wordsIndependentWritingWriting:30mins，300-400wordsIntegratedw41ETS會做的是：數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)數(shù)每段句子數(shù)、每個句子的平均字?jǐn)?shù)單詞的字母數(shù)邏輯銜接詞的使用數(shù)量是人數(shù)的！ETS會做的是：數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)42寫作須知不要寫標(biāo)題禁止使用啟示語氣寫作格式：縮行式（首句空4到6個字母）空行式（段與段之間空一行）標(biāo)點符號后面要空格句子首字母要大寫，專有名詞首字母大寫I，China，Japanese（日語）,ShanyuanStreet,ThePulitzerPrize。寫作須知不要寫標(biāo)題43英式英語還是美式英語？colo(u)r,program(me),labo(u)r書面語還是口語？當(dāng)然是書面語BTW，Udunno，&，@∵∴♀♂4u2Bornot2B,that’sa?英式英語還是美式英語？44推薦書目TPOOG,Delta’sKey,Kaplan,Barron,Princeton詞匯：俞敏洪《TOEFL詞匯：詞根+聯(lián)想記憶法》張洪偉、戴云《托福10000詞》語法：戴云《托福語法滿分精要》張道真《實用英語語法》推薦書目TPO45

推薦網(wǎng)站托福機經(jīng)網(wǎng)小馬過河太傻、寄托天下新東方批改網(wǎng)推薦網(wǎng)站托福機經(jīng)網(wǎng)46

二、獨立寫作托福寫作課上內(nèi)部資料della1課件47托福寫作課上內(nèi)部資料della1課件485分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)EffectivelyaddressesthetopicandtaskWellorganizedandwelldevelopedAppropriateexplanations,exemplificationsanddetailsUnity,progressionandcoherenceDisplaysconsistentfacilityintheuseoflanguage,demonstratingsyntacticvariety,appropriatewordchoiceandidiomaticity.Minorlexicalorgrammaticalerrors5分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Effectivelyaddressest49

4分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)butmaycontainoccasionalredundancy,orlackofclarity,digression,orunclearconnectionsandcontainssentencevarietyandarangeofvocabulary,butmayhaveoccasionalnoticeable

minorlanguageerrorsthatdonotinterferewithmeaning.4分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)butmayconta503分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)butconnectionsamongideasmaybeoccasionallyobscured,unclear;orinconsistentinusinglanguageeffectively,witherrorsingrammarandvocabularythatoccasionallyobscuremeaningbutlimitedrangeofsyntacticstructuresandvocabulary3分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)butconnectionsa51

《官方指南》的話

考生是否贊同某一觀點并不重要，評分人員經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)可以接受所有不同類型的觀點重要的是考生在議論中具備的能力：⑴直接切入問題的能力，⑵明確提出主張的能力，以及寫出⑶結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)⑷例證恰當(dāng)⑸句子多樣化且⑹結(jié)構(gòu)正確文章的能力?！豆俜街改稀返脑捒忌欠褓澩骋挥^點并不重要52獨立寫作圣經(jīng)1第一要義，觀點要表達(dá)清楚不基于考生的真實身份，可以造假只考語言水平，不側(cè)重思想水平不測試考生的真實想法寫作基于表達(dá)，不基于翻譯獨立寫作圣經(jīng)1第一要義，觀點要表達(dá)清楚53獨立寫作圣經(jīng)2不同于平時的寫作內(nèi)容、語言同等重要，不要過分追求語言觀點的層次比觀點的數(shù)量更重要邏輯錯誤比語言錯誤重要跑題你就完蛋了獨立寫作圣經(jīng)2不同于平時的寫作54

關(guān)于字?jǐn)?shù)通常，一篇作文大約需要300詞。少于300詞的作文也能獲得高分，但是經(jīng)驗表明，較短的作文無法對一些論點展開討論，而要獲得5分的成績，對論點的討論是必須的。關(guān)于字?jǐn)?shù)通常，一篇作文大約需要355

比字?jǐn)?shù)更重要的作文數(shù)字沒有上限，但是不要為寫而寫，應(yīng)針對話題有的放矢。觀點的數(shù)目固然重要，但評分人員更看重觀點的質(zhì)量和陳述觀點的有效性。比字?jǐn)?shù)更重要的作文數(shù)字沒有上限，但是不要為寫而561、獨立寫作分類1、獨立寫作分類57

題型分類-11、觀點選擇：Whichwouldyouprefer…2、比較對比：ratherthan;as…as;compare3、自主定義：在一定范圍內(nèi)自主選擇

58

觀點選擇類

Someprefertoworkforalargecompany.Othersprefertoworkforasmallcompany.Whichwouldyouprefer?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourchoice.觀點選擇類Someprefertoworkf59

Somepeopleprefertoliveinasmalltown,Othersprefertoliveinabigcity,whichplacewouldyouprefertolivein?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Somepeopleprefertolive60

比較對比類

Ithasbeensaid,“Noteverythingthatislearnediscontainedinbooks.”CompareandContrastknowledgegainedfromexperiencewithknowledgegainedfrombooks.Inyouropinion,Whichsourceismoreimportant?Why?比較對比類Ithasbeen61Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Beingcreative，ratherthanplanningcarefully,helpspeoplecomeupwiththebestsolutiontoproblems.Doyouagreeordisagreewith62Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peoplethinkitismoreenjoyabletoworkthreedaysaweekforlongtimethantoworkfivedaysaweekforshortertime.Doyouagreeordisagreewith63

Acompanyhasannouncedthatitwishestobuildalargefactorynearyourcommunity.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthisnewinfluenceonyourcommunity.Doyousupportoropposethefactory?Explainyourposition.Acompanyhasannouncedtha64

自主定義

Youhaveaopportunitytovisitaforeigncountryfortwoweeks.Whichcountrywouldyouliketovisit?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyourchoice.自主定義Youhavea65判斷題型類別判斷題型類別66

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peopleshouldnotbepermittedtousemobilephonesonpublictransportationvehicles,suchasbuses,trains,oraeroplanes.Doyouagree67

Somepeopleprefertofinishaprojectcompletelybeforestartinganother.Othersprefertodotwoorseveralprojectsatthesametime.Whichwaywouldyouprefer?Somepeopleprefertofinis68

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peoplecanbenefitmorefromtravelingintheirowncountrythantravelinginforeigncountries.Doyouagreeordisagreewi69

Doagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Mostadvertisementsmaketheproductseemmuchbetterthanitreallyis.Doagreeord70

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peoplecansolveimportantproblemsbythemselvesorwiththehelpfromtheirfamilymemberssothere'snoneedforthegovernmenttohelpthem.Doyouagre71

Doagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Mostadvertisementsmaketheproductseemmuchbetterthanitreallyis.Doagreeordisagreewitht72

Itisbettertouseourpersonalknowledgeandexperiencetosolveproblems,ratherthanaskingotherpeopleforadvice.Itisbettertouseourper73

Ifyoucouldinventsomethingnew,whatproductwouldyoudevelop?Ifyoucouldinventsometh74

Ifyoucouldchangeoneimportantthingaboutyourhometown,Whatwouldyouchange?Usereasonsandspecificexamplestosupportyouranswer.Ifyoucouldchangeoneimp75獨立寫作分類-2獨立寫作分類-276單一事物利弊Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peopleshouldnotbepermittedtousemobilephonesonpublictransportationvehicles,suchasbuses,trains,oraeroplanes.單一事物利弊Doyouagreeor77多事物利弊Somepeopleprefertofinishaprojectcompletelybeforestartinganother.Othersprefertodotwoorseveralprojectsatthesametime.Whichwaywouldyouprefer?多事物利弊Somepeoplepr78事實類Doagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Mostadvertisementsmaketheproductseemmuchbetterthanitreallyis.事實類Doagreeord79因果類Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peoplecansolveimportantproblemsbythemselvesorwiththehelpfromtheirfamilymemberssothere'snoneedforthegovernmenttohelpthem.因果類Doyouagree80獨立寫作分類—題材(詞匯積累）1、學(xué)校和教育（schoolandeducation）2、科學(xué)技術(shù)（Technology）

3、媒體（Media）4、工作和成功（Workandsuccess）5、政府（Government）

6、交通運輸（Transportation）

7、環(huán)境(Environment)8、生活（life）：友誼、休閑9、金錢和工資（Money/Salary）

獨立寫作分類—題材(詞匯積累）1、學(xué)校和教育（school81托福作文容易跑題

更容易寫得不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)托福作文822、審題2、審題83Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Parentsarethebestteachersfortheirchildren.Doyouagreeordisagreewith84Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Apersonshouldnevermakeanimportantdecisionalone.Doyouagreeordisagreewith85

Youhaveaopportunitytovisitaforeigncountryfortwoweeks.Whichcountrywouldyouliketovisit?UsespecificreasonsanddetailstoexplainyourchoiceYouhaveaopportunitytov86

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Totrulyunderstandanyeventshappenedintheworld,weshoulddrawournewsfromnewspapers;televisioncannotprovideenoughinformation.Doyouagreeordisagreewi87

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Scientistsshouldberesponsibleforthenegativeimpactoftheirscientificresearch.Doyouagreeordisagreewi88

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Parentsfindithardtocontroltheirchildrenforthechildrenarenowinfluencedbymanythingsoutsidehomeliketelevisionormovies.Doyouagreeordisagreewi89

Peopleattendtouniversityorcollegeformanydifferentreasons(forexample,newexperiences,careerpreparation,increasedknowledge).Whydoyouthinkpeopleattendtouniversityorcollege?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouridea.Peopleattendtouniversity90

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Peoplewhodonotworkbecausetheyhaveenoughmoneyarerarelyhappy.Doyouagreeordisagreewi91

Somepeoplesaythatphysicalexerciseshouldbearequiredpartofeveryschoolday.Otherpeoplebelievethatstudentsshouldspendthewholeschooldayonacademicstudies.Whichopiniondoyouagreewith?Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Somepeoplesaythatphysic92

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Childrenshouldbeginlearningaforeignlanguageassoonastheystartschool.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyourposition.Doyouagreeordisagreewi93

Youneedtotravelfromyourhometoaplace40miles(64Kilometers)away.Comparethedifferentkindsoftransportationyoucoulduse.TellWhichmethodoftravelyouwouldchoose.Givespecificreasonsforyourchoice.Youneedtotravelfromyou94Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Intwentyyears,studentswillnotuseprintedbooksanymore.Doyouagreeordisagreewith95Manyteachersassignhomeworktostudentseveryday.Doyouthinkthatdailyhomeworkisnecessaryforstudents?Manyteachersassignhomework96

審題方法★判斷題型★找絕對詞（only/never/best/anything/always/no/forever/entire)★找限定詞twoweeks/city,town/oneofthefollowings/40miles)★找爭論的焦點審題方法★判斷題型97便健經(jīng)交幸，成環(huán)品科國便健經(jīng)交幸，成環(huán)品科國983、寫作原則3、寫作原則99寫作原則——KISS有理：符合社會規(guī)范、合乎常理不涉及宗教、政治等敏感議題有利：分論點有利于總論點，細(xì)節(jié)、例子有利于分論點有節(jié)：只寫會寫的，只寫好寫的，節(jié)制感情，節(jié)制時間。有話可說、有例可舉寫作原則——KISS有理：符合社會規(guī)范、合乎常理100Keepitsimple,systematic!Keepitsimple,systematic!1014、文章結(jié)構(gòu)4、文章結(jié)構(gòu)102開頭（1段）主體（3段）結(jié)尾（1段）

段落劃分開頭（1段）段落劃分103

文章結(jié)構(gòu)★一邊倒★讓步

★折中文章結(jié)構(gòu)★一邊倒104一邊倒中間倒3段：支持方的3個優(yōu)點詳寫，比重相當(dāng)；支持方的2個優(yōu)點詳寫，反對方的1個缺點稍略寫；中間倒2段：支持方的2個優(yōu)點詳細(xì)論證，比重相當(dāng)。住校內(nèi)好還是校外好一邊倒中間倒3段：105讓步中間3段：支持方2個優(yōu)點詳細(xì)寫，反對方1-2個優(yōu)點簡略寫。打工還是創(chuàng)業(yè)？讓步中間3段：106讓步段三大“杯具”對讓步內(nèi)容沒有展開；對讓步內(nèi)容沒有進行削弱和反駁；對讓步內(nèi)容態(tài)度堅定，內(nèi)容過長，且感情強烈。讓步段三大“杯具”對讓步內(nèi)容沒有展開；107讓步段寫法主題句（topicsentence）支持句（supportingsentence）舉例（example）段內(nèi)小結(jié)（sum）讓步段與支持段結(jié)構(gòu)一致，只是主題句和段內(nèi)小結(jié)的寫法不同。讓步段要對讓步內(nèi)容不斷削弱。讓步段寫法主題句（topicsenten108讓步段主題句寫法四種方法可以削弱讓步內(nèi)容：從語氣上削弱：admittedly/Iconcede/Icompromise/Iconfess從可能性上削弱：may/might/possibly/probably從數(shù)量上削弱：one/oneortwo/acoupleof/minor/several從程度上削弱：tosomeextent/tosomedegree讓步段主題句寫法四種方法可以削弱讓步內(nèi)容：109讓步段主題句說話方式兩種說話方法：我坦誠的說/我坦白的說/我妥協(xié)的說另一個方面也可能/或許有一個/兩個好處；Admittedly,Bmayhaveoneadvantage.我坦誠的說/我坦白的說/我妥協(xié)的說某物/某事在一定程度上也可能有點……Admittedly,Bmaybehelpfultosomeextent.讓步段主題句說話方式兩種說話方法：110“杯具”與“洗具”AlthoughBmayhaveoneadvantage,theadvantageswegainfromAfaroutweighthem.Admittedly,Bmayhaveoneadvantage.“杯具”與“洗具”AlthoughB111開頭結(jié)尾與中間段落配合我選A；A的好處1；A的好處2；A的好處3；我真的選A哈！盡管B有一個好處，但是A的好處比B多；A的好處1；A的好處2；B也有一個好處，但是A的好處比B多；盡管B有一個好處，但是A的好處真的比B多哈！開頭結(jié)尾與中間段落配合我選A；盡管B有一個好處，但是A的好處112對讓步內(nèi)容削弱和反駁的方法辯證法次要法少數(shù)法提解決方案對讓步內(nèi)容削弱和反駁的方法辯證法113辯證法好處從某種角度來看也是壞處，壞處從某種角度來看也是好處；However,theonlyadvantageofBmayshifttoanightmare/drawbackifwelookatitfromadifferentangle……住大城市還是住小鎮(zhèn)？在家看電影還是在電影院看電影？辯證法好處從某種角度來看也是壞114次要法讓步方的好處比支持方的好處次要，或支持方的壞處比起好處來次要；嚴(yán)禁“霸王硬上弓”，強說別人次要；However,theadvantagesofAaremoreimportantthanthoseofB.住大城市還是住小鎮(zhèn)？在家看電影還是去電影院看電影？次要法讓步方的好處比支持方的好處次115少數(shù)法讓步方優(yōu)點與支持方優(yōu)點比起來較少，或支持方缺點與優(yōu)點比起來較少；嚴(yán)禁“霸王硬上弓”，人多欺人少；However,theadvantagesofAarefarmorethanthoseofB.However,theadvantagesofAoutnumberthoseofB.住大城市還是住小鎮(zhèn)？在家看電影還是去電影院看電影？少數(shù)法讓步方優(yōu)點與支持方優(yōu)點比起來116提解決方案對方的好處我方也可以有辦法得到，我方的壞處可以有辦法消除；However,theproblemcanbesolvedby……However,thenegativeinfluencecanbeeliminatedby……住大城市還是住小鎮(zhèn)？在家看電影還是去電影院看電影？提解決方案對方的好處我方也可以有辦法得到117讓步的精髓是讓一小步讓步的精髓是讓一小步118

讓步段要避免“杯具”讓步段同樣要對讓步內(nèi)容進行展開；讓步段內(nèi)容展開要適度，每個讓步觀點展開比重不宜超過支持段；讓步段結(jié)尾要對讓步內(nèi)容進行削弱和反駁。讓步段要避免“杯具”讓步段同樣要對讓步內(nèi)容進行展開；119讓步段主題句Admittedly,watchingtelevisionmayalsohaveoneadvantageforchildren.讓步段主題句Admittedly120讓步段支持句Theyarepossiblyabletoincreasesomeknowledgefromwatchingsomeprograms,suchasDiscoveries.讓步段支持句Theyarepossib121讓步段例子及細(xì)節(jié)Forinstance,theymightknowtheevolutionaryprocessofhumansociety.讓步段例子及細(xì)節(jié)Forinstance,t122對讓步內(nèi)容進行削弱和反駁However,thedisadvantagesfaroutweightheonlybenefit.Moreover,theknowledgefromtelevisioncanbealsoaccumulatedbyreadingbooks.對讓步內(nèi)容進行削弱和反駁However,thedisad123讓步結(jié)構(gòu)的好處避免了寫支持面第三個觀點，轉(zhuǎn)而寫不利于支持方的一個理由（容易湊字?jǐn)?shù)）；顯得考慮問題比較周全；對方比較容易接受。讓步結(jié)構(gòu)的好處避免了寫支持面第三個觀點，124讓步的方法用不利于己方的觀點進行讓步；單一事物讓步多事物讓步程度讓步（去絕對化）讓步的方法用不利于己方的觀點進行讓步；125自己玩好還是跟團玩好？哪種類型的題目？結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計1+1+1comparison2+1（反對方缺點）2-1（反對方優(yōu)點）2-1（支持方缺點）自己玩好還是跟團玩好？哪種類型的題目？結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計126折中高薪工作時間長還是低薪工作時間短？住大城市還是住小鎮(zhèn)？住校內(nèi)還是住校外？跟導(dǎo)游玩還是自己玩？買房子還是買企業(yè)？折中高薪工作時間長還是低薪工127推薦方案讓步一邊倒3段一邊倒2段折中一邊倒1段推薦方案讓步1285、論證5、論證129

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:Themostimportantaspectofajobisthemoneyapersonearns.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Doyouagreeordisagreewi130立論方法法1：如果有了錢≠只有有了錢，才能······法2：如果沒有錢，惡劣后果1、2、3法3：比較：最重要的因素有A、B、錢錢比A重要錢比B重要立論方法法1：如果有了錢≠只有有了錢，131駁論方法法1：盡管錢重要，但最重要的是A，A比錢重要：1、2、3、法2：如果錢是最重要的：惡果1、2所以錢不值最重要的駁論方法法1：盡管錢重要，但最重132

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Oneshouldneverjudgeapersonbyexternalappearances,Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswer.Doyouagreeordisagreewi133

立論更簡單立論1：盡管外表有用，但是A更重要立論2：如果以貌取人，惡果1、2、3，所以不能以貌取人。立論更簡單立論1：盡管外表有用，但是A134駁論駁論1：讓步？+某種情況可以通過外表判斷（臉紅了—Shy）駁論2：讓步？+如果永遠(yuǎn)不用外表判斷，惡果1、2、3駁論駁論1：讓步？+某種135

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatements:Playingagameisfunonlywhenyouwin.Usespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyouranswers.Doyouagreeordisagreewi136

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Television,newspapers,magazines,andothermediapaytoomuchattentiontothepersonallivesoffamouspeoplesuchaspublicfiguresandcelebrities.Doyouagreeordisagreewi137

Theyoungshoulddecidewhattheywanttodoandwhattheywanttobeassoonastheycan,inordertosavethetimefordevelopinghiscareer.

Theyoungshoulddecidewha138論證注意事項論證注意事項139第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)Some···other···；Therearemanypeople······Itiswellknownthattakingsportsnotonlybuildspeople’sbodies,butalsobuildstheirminds.AndIreallyagreewiththeideathatpeoplecanlearnalotfromthebuildingprogressthatsportsboastonbothsides.第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)Some···other···140

6、論點6、論點141

論點一定要展開展開論點就是用各種支持內(nèi)容（事例、細(xì)節(jié)、理由等）來支持文章的觀點。不要為了增加文章的字?jǐn)?shù)而死記硬背一些冗長的句、段。論點一定要展開展開論點就是用各種支持內(nèi)容（事例、細(xì)142必須是并列關(guān)系堅持很重要：1、工作中重要；2、學(xué)習(xí)中重要；3、Wrightbrother發(fā)明飛機不能過于細(xì)致：建餐館導(dǎo)致水污染、空氣污染。必須是并列關(guān)系143論點從何而來？論點從何而來？144利弊類：萬金由利弊類：萬金由145講義第4頁講義第4頁146住校內(nèi)好，還是校外好？

住大城市好，還是小城市好？住校內(nèi)好，還是校外好？

住大城市好，還是小城市好？147萬金由—萬能應(yīng)用理由（1）健康和安全（Health/FitnessandSafety）營養(yǎng)(Nutrition)緩解壓力(relievethestress/pressure)食品安全(foodsafety)生活習(xí)慣(livingstyle)體育鍛煉(sports/exercise/games)身體傷害(bodyinjury)財產(chǎn)安全(propertysafety)萬金由—萬能應(yīng)用理由（1）健康和安全（Health/Fitn148（2）便利（convenience）

節(jié)省時間(Savingtime)時間靈活(flexible)交通(traffic)休閑(recreation)娛樂(entertainment/relaxation)健身(fitnessactivity)購物(shopping)教育(education)醫(yī)療(medicalcare)（2）便利（convenience）

節(jié)省時間(Savin149（3）經(jīng)濟economy/economical/economic就業(yè)問題(unemployment/employment)職業(yè)(occupations)農(nóng)業(yè)(agriculture)工業(yè)(industry)heavy/lightindustry;serviceindustries工資(wage/salary)agoodwage收入(income)onahighincome支出(spending/expenditure/expense)利潤(profit)稅收(tax/tariffs)旅游(tourism/journeys/traveling)（3）經(jīng)濟economy/economical/econom150（4）交流communication交友(makingfriends)集體活動(collectiveactivity)談話(conversation)聊天(chatting)人際關(guān)系(interpersonalrelationship)社交圈子(socialcircle)（4）交流communication交友(making151（5）幸福與情感Happiness/Love/Affection激情(passion/enthusiasm)興趣(interests)親情(familylove)友情(friendship)愛情(Love)樂趣(fun/happiness)好惡(personalchoice/favor/preference/taste)（5）幸福與情感Happiness/Love/Affecti152（6）成功（success）成就感(asenseofachievement)榮譽感(asenseofhonor)財富(wealth)自信(self-confidence)競爭(competitions)潛力(potentialities)動機(motivations)壓力(pressures/stress)（6）成功（success）成就感(asenseof153（7）環(huán)保environmentalprotection

生態(tài)平衡(ecologicalbalance/eco-balance)沙漠化(desertification)砍伐森林(deforestation)沙塵暴(sandstorm)干旱(drought)洪水(flood)瀕危動物(endangeredanimals)環(huán)境污染(environmentalpollution)（7）環(huán)保environmentalprotection154（8）品格（virtue）聰明(clever/brilliant)合作(cooperation/collaboration)堅忍不拔(perseverance/persistence)勤奮(industrious/diligence)獨立(independence)負(fù)責(zé)任(beresponsibleto)寬容(tolerant/forgiving)體貼(considerate)謙虛(modest/humble)誠實(honesty/integrity)（8）品格（virtue）聰明(clever/brilli155（9）科技、教育、培訓(xùn)science/education/training科技的發(fā)展發(fā)明(Scientificdevelopmentandinventions)效率(efficient)實習(xí)(intern/internships)教育(education)（9）科技、教育、培訓(xùn)science/education/t156（10）國家和文明（nationandcivilization）慈善事業(yè)(charities)志愿者(volunteers)人與自然的和諧(harmoniousrelationshipbetweenpeopleandnature)社會公平(socialjustice)（10）國家和文明（nationandcivilizat157便健經(jīng)交幸，成環(huán)品科國便健經(jīng)交幸，成環(huán)品科國1587、開篇方法7、開篇方法159開篇——背景法是否同意建工廠？背景-論題-各方觀點、理由-我的觀點理由背景-論題-反面-過渡-正面（我的觀點、理由）背景-論題-我的觀點、理由論題+他人的觀點、理由-我的觀點、理由★一定要有論題，我的觀點后一定要有理由開篇——背景法160背景句型SomepeoplethinkA,otherpeoplethinkB…Accordingtoarecentstatisticontheinternet,thenumberofsingle-childfamilyoccupies75%ofChinesefamilies,andundoubtedlyhasatendencyofincreasing.Itisnotraretoseemanystudentsdozingoffordoingotherthingswhiletheprofessoristryinghisbestexplainingatheory.背景句型Somepeopleth161withthedevelopmentofeconomyandscience/technology，moreandmorecompaniesarefound,buttherearenotenoughpeopletotakethesepositions.withthedevelopmentofeconom162是否同意建工廠？

緊扣題目，提出普遍現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象（人們越來越關(guān)注生活環(huán)境了）是否同意建工廠？緊扣題目，提出普遍現(xiàn)象163開篇——事例法事例-論題-各方觀點理由-我的觀點理由時態(tài)：例子，一般過去時；論述，一般現(xiàn)在時老人去世-中毒-工廠由頭：媒體報道+朋友、鄰居、家人的故事舉例句式熟練應(yīng)用開篇——事例法事例-論題-各方觀點理由-我的觀點164

Oneday,mywife,whohasbeenpregnantforsixmonths,caughtacold.Shewantedtotakemedicineforhercoldbutshewonderedwhetherthemedicinewilldoharmtothebaby.Sheturnedonthecomputerandgoogledinformationonthesafetyofthecoldmedicine.Afterthat,shemadearightdecision.Theimpactthatcomputerhasonourlivesisundeniable.Oneday,mywife,whohasb165開篇——引語法引語-論題-各方觀點理由-我的觀點理由舉例：老年人不能從年輕人那里學(xué)到任何東西。Amonganythreepeople,Iwillfindsomethingtolearnforsure.開篇——引語法引語-論題-各方觀點理由-我的觀點166文章開頭之定義法給題目中某個概念下定義，圍繞你下的定義進行討論，即定一下一個前提；優(yōu)點：適當(dāng)創(chuàng)新，突出個性；缺點：定義偏差大，人們不能接受；很多題目不適合下定義。文章開頭之定義法給題目中某個概念下定義，圍繞你下的定167定義法舉例老師的親和力affinity更重要，還是學(xué)術(shù)能力更重要？定義法舉例老師的親和力affinity1688、主題句8、主題句169★每段都有主題句：第一段最后一句。其他段第一句。托福寫作課上內(nèi)部資料della1課件170主題句要求1必須是陳述句；Isn’titbetterforustochooseaforeignuniversity?主題句要求1必須是陳述句；171主題句要求2必須表明觀點任何事實，必加推論，將結(jié)論置于段首。主題句要求2必須表明觀點172主題句要求3態(tài)度要堅決Inmyhumbleopinion…I’mnotsureaboutthis,butIstillwanttosay…主題句要求3態(tài)度要堅決173主題句要求4主題句簡短有力ThefirstreasonIwanttoputforwardattheverybeginningshouldbeconsideredas…主題句要求4主題句簡短有力174主題句要求5主題句必須能夠統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全段；讀完主題句讀者應(yīng)該能夠掌握本段內(nèi)容；段落展開其實是對主題句進行展開。主題句要求5主題句必須能夠統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全段；175“和平友好”合：觀點是否合適寫；平：每個觀點之間是否平行？有：每個觀點是否都有展開的余地？好：每個觀點是否好寫？是否有能力寫？“和平友好”合：觀點是否合適寫；176主題句范例Therearemanyqualitiesthatmakeupagoodfriend,butthemostessentialofthesearehelpfulnessandbeingconsiderate.主題句范例Therearemanyqualities177Istronglysupporttheideaofouterspaceexplorationforitbenefitshumansnotonlyinthepresentbutalsointhefuture.Istronglysupporttheideaof178Peoplewholiveinsmalltownoftenhaveamuchcomfortablelifestyle.Peoplewholiveinsmalltown179

結(jié)尾必須要有結(jié)尾！總結(jié)全文，重述各方觀點理由（讓步）、主題觀點理由，首尾呼應(yīng)。提出建議、解決問題、深化意義

結(jié)尾必須要有結(jié)尾！180結(jié)尾舉例是否應(yīng)該建工廠？結(jié)尾：建工廠時一定要注意環(huán)保。住大城市好、小城市好？結(jié)尾：改善大城市環(huán)境，解決壓力，使大城市更美好。在小區(qū)建學(xué)校不僅對現(xiàn)在有意義，對未來也有意義。結(jié)尾舉例181結(jié)尾范例Inconclusion,peoplearelivinglongernowowingtothedevelopmentsofmedical,cokingandmatchingfoodinrightwaysandsoon.結(jié)尾范例Inconclusion182Inaword,Ibelievethatuniversitiesshouldrequirestudentstotakeclassesinmanysubjects,ratherthanrequirestudentstospecializeinonesubject.Inaword,Ibelievethatuniv183Eventhoughstudentsshouldlearntheirmajorsubjectsdeeply,theyarefullypreparedtomangetheworldonlywhentheyhaveaccumulatedabundantknowledgeandsocialskills.Eventhoughstudentsshouldle1849、段落展開9、段落展開185