2019-2020學(xué)年高中英語Unit2Robots4SectionⅣGrammar教案新人教版選修7

SectionIVGrammar破語法電折?專項(xiàng)制維被動(dòng)語態(tài)課前自主領(lǐng)悟，.(教材Pi0)Robotsareprogrammed(programme)andcontrolledbyacomputer..(教材Pii)Itwasgoingtobetested(test)outbyLarry'swife,Claire..(教材Pn)Clairethoughtitwasridiculoustobeoffered(offer)sympathybyarobot..(教材Pn)Shewasamazed(amaze)byhisfingernailsandthesoftnessandwarmthofhisskin..(2019?江蘇卷)Theyaretryingtomakesurethat5Gterminalswillhavebeeninstalled(install)by2022fortheBeijingWinterOlympics..WhenIgottothebookingoffice,theticketshadbeensold(sell)out.課堂要點(diǎn)精析，考點(diǎn)■被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成和用法.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成一＞時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehas/havebeendone過去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone將來shall/willbedoneshall/willhavebeendone?Inourdailylife,manyaccidents arecausedbycarelessdriving.在我們的日常生活中，許多事故是由開車不小心造成的。Effectivemeasuresarebeingtakenbythelocalgovernmenttoreducethesmog.當(dāng)?shù)卣扇∮行Т胧p少霧霾。MoreexpresswayswillbebuiltinSichuansoontopromotethelocaleconomy.為促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展， 不久更多的高速公路將在四川建成。Tomydelight,Iwaschosenfromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.使我高興的是，我從成百上千申請參加開幕儀式的人員中當(dāng)選。

?HisnewlywrittennovelhadbeentranslatedintoEnglishbytheendoflast?Hisnewlywrittennovelmonth.上個(gè)月末，他剛寫的小說已被翻譯成了英語。2．使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題?Hewasextremelydisappointedtohearthathewouldnotbegivenadoctor’s否定詞?Hewasextremelydisappointedtohearthathewouldnotbegivenadoctor’sdegree.聽到不會(huì)獲得博士學(xué)位，他沮喪到了極點(diǎn)。主動(dòng)句的謂語動(dòng)詞帶有復(fù)合賓語時(shí)，應(yīng)將賓語變成被動(dòng)句的主語，而將賓語補(bǔ)足語保留不動(dòng)(這時(shí)的賓語補(bǔ)足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語)。?Wesawhimsittingtherewithoutdoinganything.=Hewasseensittingtherewithoutdoinganything.我們看見他坐在那兒，什么也沒做。在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中， make、hear、see等詞后接不定式時(shí)要省略 to，但轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，則不能省略 to。?Weheardhimsaygood—byetohisfriends.=Hewasheardtosaygood—byetohisfriendsbyus.我們聽到他向朋友們道別。帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞作謂語的主動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可將表示物的直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，用for或to引出表示人的間接賓語，或?qū)⒈硎救说拈g接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。?Myfatheristellingmeaninterestingstory now.=Aninterestingstoryisbeingtoldtomebymyfathernow.=I'mbeingtoldaninterestingstorybymyfathernow.我爸爸現(xiàn)在正在給我講一個(gè)有趣的故事。3．動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義某些連系動(dòng)詞，如look,feel,smell,sound,prove 等。Theflowersmellssweet.這花聞起來很香。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.你的理由聽起來很合理。Mariaprovesverypatientandwarm—hearted.瑪麗亞被證明很有耐心和熱心。有些動(dòng)詞如read,write,clean,wash,iron,burn,draw,cook,keep,cut,open,sell等用作不及物動(dòng)詞且表示主語的某種屬性時(shí)，常和副詞well、easily、smoothly等連用，且通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thepenwriteswell.這只鋼筆很好用。Thiskindofclothwashesveryeasily.這種布很好洗。c溫馨提示這些動(dòng)詞的主語一般是表物的詞， 且這些物往往具有某種內(nèi)在的特點(diǎn)， 這些句子的時(shí)態(tài)多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)。4.不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞有些動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)， 如happen,cost,takeplace,have(有),belongto,sufferfrom等。Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.昨天發(fā)生了一起事故。Mostoftheimportantcitiesoftheworld sufferfromtrafficjam.世界上大多數(shù)大城市都交通擁堵?？键c(diǎn)■)動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式.動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式的基本用法動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式由“to+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成， 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作與其邏輯主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)， 要用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式只有一■般式和完成式。Tobegivensuchagoodopportunitymademealittlesurprised.被給了這么好的機(jī)會(huì)，我有點(diǎn)驚訝。I，mgoingtotheattendmeetingtobeheldintheteachers'office.我正準(zhǔn)備去參加在教師辦公室舉行的會(huì)議。It'sagreathonourtobeinvitedtoattendtheparty.承蒙邀請參加聚會(huì)，甚是榮幸。.動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的情況(1)動(dòng)詞不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞有邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且與句中另一名詞或代詞有邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)。Thepooroldmanonlyhasaverysmallroom tolivein.那位可憐的老人只有一個(gè)很小的房子住。(2)動(dòng)詞不定式跟在性質(zhì)形容詞后，與句子的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)。AsfarasI'mconcerned,Englishiseasytolearn.就我個(gè)人而言，英語容易學(xué)。(3)動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問詞連用時(shí)。Tomhadnoideawhichbooktoreadfirst.湯姆不知道應(yīng)該先讀哪本書。課后跟蹤訓(xùn)練I單句語法填空IfBobisoffered(offer)ajob,ishewillingtogototheremotetown?Itwillbethefirstprojecttobedesigned(design)byChineseengineers.Rose'ssmartphonewasleftinataxiaccidentally,nevertobefound(find)again.BeforeyouentertheEiffelTower,yourbagswillbeexamined(examine)byasecurityofficer.Itisagreathonorformetobechosen(choose)asavolunteerfortheOlympicGames.Thedecisiontobemade(make)attomorrow'smeetingwillhaveagreateffectonfarmers.Thehospitalhasrecentlygotnewmedicalequipment,allowingmorepatientstobetreated(treat)VictoriawenttothebookstoreonSundaymorning,onlytobetold(tell)thatitwasbeingdecorated.(2018?天津卷)Mywashingmachineisbeingrepaired(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.Newartformswereintroduced(introduce)attheendoftheQingdynasty.Asaresult,peoplelostinterestinpaper —cutting.Mostairportsarebuilt(build)farawayfromdowntown,soitoftentakespassengersquitealongtimetoarrive.(2018?d匕京卷)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrapped(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.n單句改錯(cuò)WhenIwastrappedinthemountain,Ireallyhadnochoicebuttowaittoberescuing.rescuingfrescuedAsweapproachedtheworksite,theworkerswereseenbuildthenewhouse.buildfbuildingThoughheistreatingunfairly,Collinkeptworkinghardinthecompanywithoutanycomplaint.treatingftreatedThenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeoplepersuadedtoeathealthily.在persuaded前力口areIwasmadeplayabadroleinthefilm,soIrefused.在made后力口toTheflowersaresodryandtheyneedtobewateringrightaway.wateringfwateredThelasttimeIwentbacktomybirthplace,ahigh -speedrailwaywasbuiltthere.在was后力口beingOthertestshavebeenshownthatlaughterappearstobeabletoreducetheeffectofpainonthebody.去掉beenm同義句改寫Inmyopinion,teachersshouldtreateverystudentfairly.fInmyopinion,everystudentshouldbetreatedfairlybyteachers.Thestrongwinddamagedtheroofofouroldhouseyesterdayafternoon.fTheroofofouroldhousewasdamagedbythestrongwindyesterdayafternoon.Thelibrariandoesn'tallowmetotakethebooksoutofthereadingroom.fIamnotallowedtotakethebooksoutofthereadingroom.fThebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutofthereadingroom.Bytheendoflastterm,thestudentshadreadmorethantenEnglishbooks.fBytheendoflastterm,morethantenEnglishbookshadbeenreadbythestudents.WearegoingtoattendthemeetingwhichwillbeheldinShanghainextmonth.fWearegoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldinShanghainextmonth.ThepolicemanisquestioningJohnsonaboutthetrafficaccidentatthismoment.fJohnsonisbeingquestionedbythepolicemanaboutthetrafficaccidentatthismoment.Inthepasttenyears,theyhavebuiltalargenumberofhigh-risebuildings

inourcity.fInthepasttenyears,alargenumberofhigh-risebuildingshavebeenbuiltinourcity.Itisreportedthattheremainsofthemissingplanehavebeenfoundinthemountains.fTheremainsofthemissingplanearereportedtohavebeenfoundinthe同步鼻l同步鼻l擰一杏冥草劍Asisknowntoall,the2022WinterOlympicswillbe__held(hold) inBeijingandtownsintheneighboringHebeiProvince.InChina,thepracticeofpresentingthebestfoodfirsttotheseniormembersofthefamilyhas_beenobserved(observe)forgenerations.Uptonow,alargenumberofnewhouseshavebeenbuilt(build)inwhatusedtobeawasteland.Thedecision to_be__made(make)attomorrow'smeetingwillaffectalotofpeople.Hisbookissaidto__havebeentranslated(translate)intomorethan30languagessinceitwas_published(publish)inthe1940s.Yourpencilcaseisnowhereto__befound(find),andIwillbuyanewoneforyouthisweekend.Thefireisreportedto__havebeencaused(cause) byacigaretteend,whichwasthrownbyonetourist.Thebestandmostbeautifulthingintheworldcannotbeseen(see)oreventouchedforitmustbefelt(feel)Itisagreathonorformeto__be__asked(ask) tospeakatthemeetingonbehalfofthewholeclass.Thekidswereallowed(allow)togoswimmingintheriver,whichmadethemveryhappy.n閱讀理解Weliveinagoldenageofmisinformation.OnTwitter,falsenewsspreadsfurtherandfasterthanthetruth.Intherun-uptothe2016USpresidentialelection,themostpopularfalsearticlesgotmoreFacebookshares,reactionsandcommentsthanthetoprealnews,accordingtoaBuzzFeedNewsanalysis.BeforetheInternet, “Youcouldnothaveapersonsittinginaroomandgeneratingconspiracy（陰謀）theoriesatamassscale,“saysLucadeAlfaro,acomputerscientistattheUniversityofCalifornia.Butwithtoday'ssocialmedia,sellingliesistooeasy—whetherthoseliescomefromacompanylikeDisinfomedia,whichhasownedseveralfalsenewswebsites,oracrowdofteenagersinMacedoniawhogothugesumsofmoneybywritingpopularfalsenews.MostInternetusersprobablyaren 'tintentionallybroadcastingnonsense.InformationoverloadandtheWebsurfers'limitedattentionspanaren'texactlygoodatfact-checkinginspection.Confirmationbias（偏見）feedsinaswell. "Whenthey'redealingwithunfilteredinformation,it'slikelythatpeoplewillchoosesomethingthatmeetswiththeirownthinking,evenifthatinformationisfalsesaysFabianaZollo,acomputerscientistinItalywhostudieshowinformationcirculatesonsocialnetworks.Intentionalornot,sharingmisinformationcanhaveseriousconsequences.Falsenewsdoesn'tjustthreatentheequityofelectionsandwearawaypublictrustinrealnews.Itthreatenslives.Rumors（ 謠言）thatspreadonWhatsApp,asmartphonemessagingsystem,forinstance,ledtomurdercasesinIndiathatleftmorethanadozenpeopledead.Tohelpsortfalsenewsfromtruth,programmersarebuildingautomatedsystemsthatjudgethetruthofonlinestories.Acomputerprogrammightconsidercertaincharacteristicsofanarticleorthereceptionanarticlegetsonsocialmedia.Computersthatrecognizecertainwarningsignscouldwarnhumanfact-checkers,whowoulddothefinalcheck."Automaticlie-findingtoolsarestillintheirbabyhood,“sayscomputerscientistGiovanniLucaCiampagliaofIndianaUniversityBloomington.【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇議論文。如今，我們處在一個(gè)假新聞充斥網(wǎng)絡(luò)的時(shí)代， 本文就假新聞的影響及如何抵御進(jìn)行了討論。Whatcanbelearnedfromthesecondparagraph?Falsenewsissometimesmorepopularthantherealnews.Teenagersarethemainforceforspreadingfakemessages.TheopennessoftheInternetprovidessoilforfalsenews.Socialmediacontributestothelossofpeople 'ssocialvalues.C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的 BeforetheInternet…sellingliesistooeasy可知，在過去，大規(guī)模的傳播假消息是很難的，而如今，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展使其變得十分容易。由此可推斷，第二段想告訴我們的是網(wǎng)絡(luò)為假消息提供了生存的土壤。Whatbestexplainstheunderlinedword “unfiltered"inparagraph3?A.Unknown. B.Original.C.False. D.Boring.B解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，網(wǎng)絡(luò)消息的關(guān)注度并不能證明它的真實(shí)性，因?yàn)槿藗冊陂喿x那些未過濾的信息時(shí)， 容易根據(jù)自己的喜好去選擇， 即使那是錯(cuò)誤的消息。由此推斷，畫線詞意為“未過濾的，原始的”。Paragraph4ismainlyaboutthedrawbacksofsocialmediathenegativeeffectsofmisinformationthedisorderedInternetmarketofIndiatherelationshipbetweenlawsandrumorsB解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容尤其是第一句可知，本段主要想告訴我們虛假消息的不利影響。Whatdoweknowabouttheautomaticlie -findingtools?Theyhavebeenfullydevelopedinthecomputerprogram.Theyremindhumanfact-checkersofsomewarningsigns.Theyareprovedtobegoodattellingfalsenewsfromthetruth.Theymakeupamachine-controlledsystemthatcandothefinalcheck.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的 Computersthatrecognizecertainwarningsignscouldwarnhumanfact-checkers,whowoulddothefinalcheck.可知，這個(gè)自動(dòng)識(shí)別系統(tǒng)可以幫助人工排查人員分辨網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息。m完形填空IcamefrommyhomeinItalybyovernighttraintoViennatostartthesecondpartofmyyearabroadasanEnglishlanguageassistant.IwenttosleepinItalyand1inAustria,toasnow-coveredcountrysidethatlookedlikesomethingoutofatourguide.Althoughthis__2__scenemademeexcited,Isoon__3__that _adjustingtotheAustrianworldwasgoingtobe__4__ _Thefirstthingwasthe__5__.IhadtoswitchfromtalkingandthinkinginItaliantoGerman__6__.[foundmyselfstumblingover（ 結(jié)結(jié)巴巴地說）wordsandreallystrugglingto__7__whenpeoplespoketome,especiallyinAustrianGerman

whichnotonlysoundsdifferentfromtheGermanIlearnedatschoolbutalsousesdifferentwords!SoI'vehadlotsof__8__momentsinthesupermarketandfeltratherembarrassedwhenIusedthe__9__word.Therearealsolotsofother__10__things.Onebigdifferenceisthe__11__. _Italyisfamousforitsvariedpasta( 意大禾U面食)dishesanddeliciouspizzas!ButinAustriathe__12_foodseemstobemeat.Italsos eemsthatthereisn'ttimefora__13__,relaxedlunch.InItalyIhad anhour'slunchbreakfrommyofficejob,butwhenI'm__14__intheschoolsinViennatherearejust10or15minutesbetweenlessons,whichisonly__15__foraquicksandwich.Idon'tthinktheseare__16__也ngs,butitwilljusttaketimetogetusedtothem.However,therearesomethingsIhaveimmediately__17__ _,liketheveryefficientpublictransport—it's__18togetaroundandit'salwaysontime!Ialso__19__thecoffee housecultureherewhereyoucangotoacafeandjustsitforhours,chattingand__20__withfriendsandacakeortwo.Infact,IreallylovethecountryandIthinkIwillenjoymystayhere.【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在異國他鄉(xiāng)遇到的問題， 但是作者仍然希望通過努力能夠快樂地生活在這里。A.stayedup B.dressedupC.warmedup D.wokeupD解析：根據(jù)上文的 IcamefrommyhomeinItalybyovernighttraintoVienna及IwenttosleepinItaly...Austria可知，作者睡著的時(shí)候還在意大利，但醒來 (wokeup)時(shí)已身在奧地利。A.familiar B.touchingC.beautiful D.funnyC解析：根據(jù)上文的 asnow-coveredcountrysidethatlookedlikesomethingoutofatourguide可知，這里的景色很美(beautiful)。A.realized B.guessedC.admitted D.rememberedA解析：根據(jù)下文中對作者在奧地利遇到的問題的描述可知，作者很快就意識(shí)到(realized)適應(yīng)奧地利的生活是比較難的 (hard)。A.hard B.boringC.meaningful D.interesting5.A.habitA5.A.habitlanguageC．a(chǎn)ttitude D．customB解析：根據(jù)本段中的IhadtoswitchfromtalkingandthinkinginItaliantoGerman可知，首先是語言(language)方面的問題。作者的所說所想都要立刻 (immediately)從意大利語切換成德語。A.patiently B． finallyC． secretly D． immediatelyD7． A.think B． understandC． learn D． explainB解析：根據(jù)上文的Ifoundmyselfstumblingover(結(jié)結(jié)巴巴地說 )words...spoketome可知，當(dāng)別人跟作者說話的時(shí)候，作者理解 (understand)起來很吃力。A.brief B．a(chǎn)nxiousC．a(chǎn)wkward D．terrifyingC解析：根據(jù)本段中的especiallyinAustrianGerman...usesdifferentwords及feltratherembarrassed可知，作者在超市里經(jīng)歷過很多尷尬的(awkward)時(shí)刻，在使用了錯(cuò)誤的(wrong)詞語后會(huì)感到非常尷尬。A.key B． wrongC． foreign D． hurtfulBA.different B． basicTOC\o"1-5"\h\zC． wonderful D． sillyA解析：根據(jù)下文中對意大利和奧地利食物的對比及 Onebigdifference可知，在這里生活還有很多其他不一樣的(different)地方，其中一項(xiàng)就是食物(food)。A.restaurant B． billC．menu D． foodD12．A.delicious B． mainC．cheap D． fastB解析：根據(jù)上文的Italyisfamousforitsvariedpasta(意大利面食 )dishesanddeliciouspizzas！可知，奧地利的主要 (main)食物就是肉類。A.late B．lightC．long D．hotC解析：根據(jù)上文的startthesecondpartofmyyearabroadasanEnglishlanguagebut...10orassistant及InItalyIhadanhour’slunchbreakfrommyofficejob,

but...10or15minutesbetweenlessons可知，在維也納，人們沒有很長的(long)時(shí)間來享受一頓輕松的午餐。當(dāng)作者在學(xué)校工作 (working)時(shí)，每節(jié)課之間只有 10到15分鐘的休息時(shí)間，僅僅夠(enough)吃一個(gè)三明治。A.strugglingC．sittingDA.properC．convenientBB．studyingDB．studyingD．workingB．enoughD．readyC．riskyDC．riskyA解析：根據(jù)空后的butitwilljusttaketimetogetusedtothem 可知，作者17．A.gottentiredofB．gottenclosetoC．gottenusedtoD．gotteninterestedinC解析：根據(jù)本段的liketheveryefficientpublictransport可知，作者在奧地利還是很快適應(yīng)了(gottenusedto)一些事，比如高效便捷的公共交通——到處走動(dòng)很容易(easy)而且通常很準(zhǔn)時(shí)。A.safeC．easy17．A.gottentiredofB．gottenclosetoC．gottenusedtoD．gotteninterestedinC解析：根據(jù)本段的liketheveryefficientpublictransport可知，作者在奧地利還是很快適應(yīng)了(gottenusedto)一些事，比如高效便捷的公共交通——到處走動(dòng)很容易(easy)而且通常很準(zhǔn)時(shí)。A.safeC．easyCB．necessaryD．possibleA.feelB．shareC．keepD．enjoyD解析：根據(jù)本句的chattingand...friendsandacakeortwo可知，作者也很喜歡(enjoy)這里的咖啡屋文化，人們可以一連坐在咖啡廳里幾個(gè)小時(shí)，和朋友聊天或者吃些點(diǎn)心放松(relaxing)身心。A.relaxingC．comparingAW語法填空B．dreamingD．comp