經(jīng)典：新視野英語(yǔ)教程-2-U7課件

PollutionUnit7NEWHORIZONENGLISHCOURSESBookTwo1PollutionUnit7NEWHORIZONENUnit7

Pollution1AroundtheTopic2Section

A3SectionB4SectionCLeadinginExploringtheTopicPlusActivitiesWarming-upTextAExercisesBackgroundInformationReadingThroughExercisesRelatedKnowledgeSampleReadingExercisesUsefulTerms2Unit71234LeadinginExploring

Pollutionisamajorproblemintheworldtoday.Itdamagestheenvironmentandisharmfultohumans,animalsandplants.Althoughpollutioncanbearesultofnaturaldisasterssuchasearthquakesandforestfires,itismostlycausedbyhumanactivity.Withtheincreaseofpopulationandthedevelopmentoftechnology,pollutioninourmodern-dayworldhasreacheddangerouslevels.Cleanandfreshairisnowaluxuryinmanybigcitiesandthewaterinmanyofourriversandlakesaretoopollutedtodrinkandswimin.Theenvironmentisourlifesupportsystem—theonlyonethatwehave.Weshoulddoourbesttosaveitbeforeit’stoolate.3PollutionisamajorproblemDirections:Land,airandwaterpollutionarethethreemaintypesofpollution.Lookatthepicturesbelowandwritedownwhatparticularformofpollutioneachpicturedescribes.Thenchoosefromtheanswers(A-H)providedintheboxesatthebottomofthepagetocompletetherestoftheinformationforeachpicture.Answersmaybeusedmorethanonce.Formofpollution:_______Itssources:__________Itseffects:__________AirFADCADHWaystopreventorreduceit:___________4Directions:Land,airandwateFormofpollution:__________Itssources:__________Itseffects:__________Waystopreventorreduceit:___________Formofpollution:__________Itssources:__________Itseffects:__________Waystopreventorreduceit:___________Water Land HEICBIBCGCEG5Formofpollution:__________SourcesofPollutionA.WastegasesfromautomobilesB.LitteringC.UseofchemicalsinfarmingD.BurningcoaltoheathomesE.SewageandwastewaterfromhomesandfactoriesF.EmissionsofharmfulgasesfromfactoriesG.WastematerialsfromhomesandindustriesdumpedinlandfillsH.GarbagedumpedintotheseaEffectsofPollutionA.CausepeopletogetsickB.KillanimalsandplantsC.GiveoffbadsmellsD.ProduceacidrainE.PollutesoilandgroundwaterF.CauseanimalstolosetheirhomesG.ReducefarminglandH.Contributetothegreenhouseeffect/globalwarming6SourcesofPollutionEffectsoWaystoPreventorReducePollutionA.InvestingreenenergysuchaswindorsolarenergyB.ReducetheamountofcoalandgasweburnC.ExercisetoughercontrolonfactoriesandcompaniesD.Useenergy-efficientcarsE.ReduceandrecyclethewastewecreateF.CutdownonchemicalsinfarmingG.TreatsewagebeforeitentersriversH.Educatepeopletoavoidlittering7WaystoPreventorReducePollDirections:Youwillhearashortpassage.Listencarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Whatisthefirstsolutiontoreduceairpollution?2.Whatisthesecondsolutiontoreduceairpollution?keykey8Directions:YouwillhearashSuggestedanswer:Toomanycarshavecausedalotofseriousproblemsinourworld.Besidescongestion,accidentsandfastfuelconsumption,carsareresponsibleforagoodpartofairpollutioninbigcities.Onepossiblesolutionistodesignanddevelopcleancarsandcleanfuels.InShanghai,someofthepublicbusesbegintorunonnaturalgas,whichdoesnotgiveoffasmuchcarbondioxideaspetrol.Return9Suggestedanswer:Return9Suggestedanswer:

Anothersolutionistodevelopmodernpublictransportationsystemsandrestricttheuseofprivatecars.Ifthepriceofpetrolrisesconstantlyandthepublicvehiclesareefficientandconvenientenough,mostpeoplewillnotbuyprivatecars.Thus,thetotalnumberofcarsinbigcitieswillreducegreatly.Onthewhole,theeliminationofairpollutionneedsthecollectiveeffortsfromthegovernment,thepublicandtheenvironmentalists.Return10Suggestedanswer:Return10SmoginMyCitySectionA:11SmoginMyCitySectionA:11

Smogisatypeofairpollutionthatoccurswhensmokeorotherpollutantsintheairmixeswithfog.Theword“smog,”ablendof“smoke”and“fog,”wasfirstcoinedintheearly20thcenturytodescribethesmokyfogthathungoverLondonandsomeotherlargecitiesatthattime.Unfortunatelythough,morethanonehundredyearslater,smogremainsafamiliarsightinmanyplacesaroundtheworld,especiallyinbigcitieswithalotofindustryandtraffic.12SmogisatypeofairpollutiTextAportraysacityplaguedbysmog.Thewriterdescribeshowseriousthesmogconditionisinthecitywherehelivesandexplorestheunderlyingcausesoftheproblem.Althoughthenameofthecityisnotrevealed,itstandsasaperfectexampleofacitythathasyettofindabalancebetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentalprotection.13TextAportraysacityplaguedSmoginMyCityWhenIwakeupinthemorning,Ipausebrieflybeforeopeningmycurtains,andwhatIseeoutofmywindowislikelytosetthetonefortherestoftheday.Para.1霧都早上醒來(lái)，在打開(kāi)窗簾前，我停頓了一下，我在窗外看到的情景將會(huì)為整個(gè)一天定下基調(diào)。14SmoginMyCityWhenIwakeupIamnotcheckingupontheweather.Instead,Iwanttoknowexactlyhowbadthepollutionisgoingtobe.Onsomemornings,itistrulyhorrible.Itisasifthewholecityhasbeenturnedintoasmokers’roomwithayellowishcolorstainingthesky.Para.2我并不是想看看天氣如何，我只是想知道這一天的空氣污染將會(huì)有多嚴(yán)重。有些早上，污染確實(shí)非?？膳?，整個(gè)城市仿佛變成了一個(gè)吸煙室，天空被染成了淡淡的黃色。15IamnotcheckinguponthewePara.3Andthismonth,pollutioninmycitywentfrombadto...well,dangerous.Thehospitalswerefilledwithpatients,oldandyoung,sufferingfrombreath-relatedproblems.Peoplewerewarnedtostayindoorsandthestreetswereunusuallyquiet.

這個(gè)月，整座城市的污染程度由嚴(yán)重變成了危險(xiǎn)。醫(yī)院里到處都是病人，老的少的，患的都是和呼吸道相關(guān)的疾病。人們被警告要呆在室內(nèi)，街道也變得異常安靜。16Para.3Andthismonth,pollutiSalesofairpurifiersforhomes,aswellasfacemasks,rocketedandsomestoressimplyranout.Evenforacitythatisusedtopollution,thiswasanemergency.家用空氣凈化器和口罩的銷售量猛增，有些商店干脆脫銷。即使對(duì)于一個(gè)已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了污染的城市，這種情形也是一個(gè)緊急狀況。Para.417SalesofairpurifiersforhomForyears,thelocalauthoritiesoftenplayeddownthepollutioninthecity,insistingitwasfoginmostcases,despiteevidence

tothecontrarythatwasplainforalltosee.Para.5多年來(lái)，地方政府對(duì)這座城市的污染狀況常常輕描淡寫，堅(jiān)持聲稱大多數(shù)的情況只是霧而已，盡管與此相反的證據(jù)顯而易見(jiàn)。18Foryears,thelocalauthoritiFacedwithpublicpressure,thelocalauthoritiesstartedpublishingthehourlyair-qualityreadingsthisyear.Andwhentherecentunusuallyheavysmoghit,thestatemedia,forthefirsttimeonthisissue,madeitsvoiceheard.面對(duì)公眾壓力，地方政府今年開(kāi)始每小時(shí)發(fā)布一次空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)。當(dāng)最近一次特別嚴(yán)重的霧霾來(lái)襲時(shí)，官方媒體首次對(duì)這一污染問(wèn)題發(fā)出了聲音。Para.619Facedwithpublicpressure,thThepollutionstoryledthecountry’smaineveningTVnewsprogram.Eventhemajornationaldailynewspaperranaheadlineasking“What’swrongwithourair?”.Well,theanswerisnotfartoseek.Theproblemiscausedbythecountrydevelopingataspeedandscale

unheard-ofinhistory.Ithasbeengrowth

atallcosts,resultingin

widespread

environmentalworsening.Para.7污染的報(bào)道出現(xiàn)在國(guó)家主要的晚間電視新聞節(jié)目的頭條位置，連最大的全國(guó)性的日?qǐng)?bào)也刊登了這樣的標(biāo)題：“我們的空氣到底怎么了？”答案并不難找，污染問(wèn)題是由這個(gè)國(guó)家空前的發(fā)展速度和規(guī)模造成的。這種不惜一切代價(jià)的增長(zhǎng)，導(dǎo)致了環(huán)境的廣泛惡化。20ThepollutionstoryledthecoCoal-burningenergyplantspowerthecountry’sfactories;theyprovidetheheatforhundredsofmillionsofhomes,buttheyalsoemit

poisonousgasesintotheair.Inmycityalone,severalmillioncarschokethestreets,anillustrationofthecountry’sgrowingprosperity.Butallthesevehicles,normallybumpertobumper,arealsoasignofacountrythatisnotcomingtotermswithpollution.Para.8燃煤發(fā)電廠為這個(gè)國(guó)家的工廠提供電力，也為數(shù)億家庭提供暖氣，但是它們也把有毒有害氣體排放到空氣中。單單就我們這座城市，幾百萬(wàn)輛的車把街道擠得水泄不通，這是國(guó)家日益繁榮的例證，但是，車輛一輛緊接著一輛的狀況也表明了這個(gè)國(guó)家還沒(méi)有真正地來(lái)面對(duì)和處理污染。21Coal-burningenergyplantspowAnditisnotjusttheairquality.Lakes,riversandundergroundwatersupplieshaveallbeenbadly

pollutedbylightlyregulated

industry.Almostnooneinthecitytruststhewaterthatcomesoutoftheirtaps.這不僅僅只是空氣質(zhì)量，由于工業(yè)監(jiān)管不力，湖泊、河流和地下水供應(yīng)都受到了嚴(yán)重的污染。在這座城市，幾乎沒(méi)有人相信他們水龍頭里流出來(lái)的水是安全無(wú)害的。Para.822AnditisnotjusttheairquaSomaybethegreatsmogofthiscityinrecentdayswillmarkaturningpoint.Atimewhenthepeoplesay:“Weneedtoputqualityoflifebeforeeconomicgrowth.”Inrecentmonths,therehavebeenseverallarge-scaleprotestsagainstfactoriesbeingbuiltinvariouscities.Para.9也許這個(gè)城市這幾天的嚴(yán)重霧霾將成為一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。在這個(gè)時(shí)刻，人們要說(shuō)：“我們需要把生活質(zhì)量放在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)之上?！痹谧罱鼛讉€(gè)月，已經(jīng)有幾次大規(guī)模的抗議活動(dòng)，反對(duì)一些城市正在興建的工廠。23SomaybethegreatsmogofthiPara.10Butahuge

seachangelooksunlikely—fornow,anyway.Economicgrowthremainsthecity’stoppriority.Withoutit,largenumbersofpeoplecouldbeleftunemployed.Therearestillmillionsofpeoplewhowantthekeystotheirfirstcar,theirfirstair-conditioner,evenafridge.但是徹底的改變看起來(lái)不太可能，至少目前不可能。經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)仍然是這座城市的重中之重，沒(méi)有它，大量的人員會(huì)失業(yè)。還有數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的人想拿到他們第一輛車的鑰匙，他們的第一臺(tái)空調(diào)，甚至一臺(tái)冰箱。24Para.10Butahugeseachange誰(shuí)又能剝奪他們實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的權(quán)利？出于這個(gè)原因，在這個(gè)城市，潔凈的空氣在未來(lái)的幾年里仍可能非常稀罕。一些富人把他們的孩子帶到加拿大或澳洲定居，但對(duì)于大多數(shù)人，他們沒(méi)有這樣的選擇。Whoisgoingtobetheonetodenythemtheirdream?Forthatreason,cleanairislikelytoremainararityinmycityforyearstocome.SomewealthypeoplearetakingtheirkidstoliveinCanadaorAustralia.Butformost,thatisnotanoption.Para.1025誰(shuí)又能剝奪他們實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的權(quán)利？出于這個(gè)原因，在這個(gè)城市，潔凈Para.11Asforme,afteraboutfiveyearsoflivinghere,Ihaveorderedmyfirstairpurifier.AndInowwearafacemaskformybikeridetowork.Andeverymorning,beforeopeningmycurtains,Ipauseandhopethatthewindhasblownthepollutionaway.至于我，生活在這里大約五年后，我已經(jīng)訂購(gòu)了我的第一個(gè)空氣凈化器，我現(xiàn)在騎自行車上班會(huì)戴上口罩。每天早晨，在打開(kāi)窗簾前，我會(huì)停頓一下，希望風(fēng)已經(jīng)把污染吹散。26Para.11Asforme,afteraboutTextAisadescriptivepieceofwritingdescribingthesmogproblemofanunnamedcity.First,Settingthesceneforthepassageandintroducingthereadertoacityplaguedbyconstantairpollution.Then,detailingdifferentaspectsofthesmogprobleminthecity.Last,echoingthebeginningofthepassageandconcludingthepassageonanoteofpessimism:Thewriterdescribeswhatheisdoingtolivewiththesmog,implyingthatpeoplearelefttotheirowndevicestocope. MainIdea27TextAisadescriptivepieceMainidea:Thewriterdescribeswhatheisdoingtolivewiththesmog,implyingthatpeoplearelefttotheirowndevicestocope.)

StructureMainidea:Pollutionbecameworsethismonth,adverselyaffectinglifeinthecity;Officialresponsetothesmogproblem:Achangeofattitude;Causesoftheproblem;Seachangeunlikelytohappenanytimesoon.Mainidea:Settingthesceneforthepassageandintroducingthereadertoacityplaguedbyconstantairpollution.

PartII:Para.3-10PartIII:

Para.11PartI:

Para.1-228Mainidea:StructureMainidea:MMeaning:…andwhatIseeoutofmywindowwillprobablydecidewhattherestofthedaywouldbelike.1Meaning:I’mnottryingtofindoutwhattheweatherislike.Rather,Iwanttoknowexactlyhowbadthepollutionisgoingtobe.2…andwhatIseeoutofmywindowislikelytosetthetonefortherestoftheday.Iamnotcheckingupontheweather.Instead,Iwanttoknowexactlyhowbadthepollutionisgoingtobe.29Meaning:…andwhatIseeoutoMeaning:Onsomemornings,itisreallyverybad.3Meaning:…withtheskyturningintoayellowishcolor.4Onsomemornings,itistrulyhorrible.…withayellowishcolorstainingthesky.30Meaning:Onsomemornings,itMeaning:Thehospitalsarefullofpatients.Someareold,someareyoung,andtheyaresufferingfromdiseasesrelatedtobreathing.5Meaning:Peopleweretoldtostayinsideandthestreetswerequieterthanusual.6Thehospitalswerefilledwithpatients,oldandyoung,sufferingfrombreath-relatedproblems.Peoplewerewarnedtostayindoorsandthestreetswereunusuallyquiet.31Meaning:ThehospitalsarefulMeaning:Salesofhomeairpurifiersandfacemasksshotupandinsomestorestheywerejustallsoldout.7Meaning:Evenforacitythat’sfamiliarwithpollution,thiswasaserioussituationthatmustbedealtwithimmediately.8Salesofairpurifiersforhomes,aswellasfacemasks,rocketedandsomestoressimplyranout.Evenforacitythatisusedtopollution,thiswasanemergency.32Meaning:SalesofhomeairpurMeaning:Foryears,thelocalgovernmentoftentriedtomakepeoplebelievethatthepollutioninthecitywasnotsobad,sayingthatitwasjustfoginmostsituations,althoughitwasobviousthattheevidencepointedtotheoppositedirection.9Foryears,thelocalauthoritiesoftenplayeddownthepollutioninthecity,insistingitwasfoginmostcases,despiteevidencetothecontrarythatwasplainforalltosee.33Meaning:Foryears,thelocal10Meaning:Andwhentherecentunusuallyheavysmoghappened,thegovernmentmediareportedtheproblemforthefirsttime.11Andwhentherecentunusuallyheavysmoghit,thestatemedia,forthefirsttimeonthisissue,madeitsvoiceheard.Meaning:Becauseofpublicpressure,thelocalgovernmentstartedtomaketheair-qualityfiguresavailabletopeopleeveryhourthisyear.Facedwithpublicpressure,thelocalauthoritiesstartedpublishingthehourlyair-qualityreadingsthisyear.3410Meaning:AndwhentherecentMeaning:Eventhemajornationaldailynewspaperpublishedanarticlewiththetitle:“What’sthematterwithourair?”12Meaning:Theproblemiscausedbythefactthatthecountryisdevelopingataspeedandsizeneverheardofinhistory.13Eventhemajornationaldailynewspaperranaheadlineasking“What’swrongwithourair?”Theproblemiscausedbythecountrydevelopingataspeedandscaleunheard-ofinhistory.35Meaning:EventhemajornationMeaning:Thecountryiswillingtopayanypricetoachieveeconomicgrowthandtheresultofthisislarge-scaledamagetotheenvironment.14Meaning:Energyplantsthatusecoaltoproduceelectricitytosupplythecountry’sfactorieswithpower;theyprovidetheheatforhundredsofmillionsofhomes,buttheyalsosendoutharmfulgasesintotheair.15Ithasbeengrowthatallcosts,resultinginwidespreadenvironmentalworsening.Coal-burningenergyplantspowerthecountry’sfactories;theyprovidetheheatforhundredsofmillionsofhomes,buttheyalsoemitpoisonousgasesintotheair.36Meaning:ThecountryiswillinMeaning:Justinmycity,severalmillioncarsfillthestreets,whichisasignofthecountry’sgrowingwealth.16Meaning:Butallthesevehicles,whichusuallyaresoclosetoeachotherthattheirbumpersarealmosttouching,alsoshowthatthecountryisnotyettryingtofaceanddealwiththepollutionproblem.17Inmycityalone,severalmillioncarschokethestreets,anillustrationofthecountry’sgrowingprosperity.Butallthesevehicles,normallybumpertobumper,arealsoasignofacountrythatisnotcomingtotermswithpollution.37Meaning:Justinmycity,seveMeaning:Industriesarenotproperlymanagedandcontrolled,whichresultsintheseriouspollutionoflakes,riversandundergroundwatersupplies.18Meaning:Almostnooneinthecitybelievesthatthewaterthatcomesouttheirtapsissafe.19Lakes,riversandundergroundwatersupplieshaveallbeenbadlypollutedbylightlyregulatedindustry.Almostnooneinthecitytruststhewaterthatcomesoutoftheirtaps.38Meaning:IndustriesarenotprMeaning:Almostnooneinthecitybelievesthatthewaterthatcomesouttheirtapsissafe.20Meaning:“Qualityoflifeshouldbetreatedasmoreimportantthaneconomicdevelopment.”21Somaybethegreatsmogofthiscityinrecentdayswillmarkaturningpoint.“Weneedtoputqualityoflifebeforeeconomicgrowth.”39Meaning:AlmostnooneintheMeaning:Inrecentmonths,therehadbeenseveralbigpublicdemonstrationsagainstthebuildingofcertainfactoriesindifferentcities.22Meaning:Butabigcompletechangedoesn’tseemverypossible,atleastforthepresent.23Inrecentmonths,therehadbeenseverallarge-scaleprotestsagainstfactoriesbeingbuiltinvariouscities.Butahugeseaofchangelooksunlikely,fornow,anyway.40Meaning:Inrecentmonths,theMeaning:Withoutit,alotofpeoplewouldbecomejobless.24Meaning:Forthatreason,itislikelythatcleanairwillcontinuetobesomethingveryuncommoninmycityforyearsinthefuture.25Withoutit,largenumbersofpeoplecouldbeleftunemployed.Forthatreason,cleanairislikelytoremainararityinmycityforyearstocome.41Meaning:Withoutit,alotofMeaning:Butmostpeopledon’thaveenoughmoneytotaketheirchildrentoliveinanothercountry.26Meaning:…Istopforamomentandhopethatthewindhascarriedthepollutionaway.27Butformost,thatisnotanoption.…Ipauseandhopethatthewindhasblownthepollutionaway.42Meaning:Butmostpeopledon’tNewwordssmogcurtaintonepollutionhorriblesmokeryellowishstainpatientbreathrelateunusuallysalepurifiermaskrocketemergencyfogevidenceplainpressurepublishmediamainunheard-ofgrowthwidespreadenvironmentalcoalpower43Newwordssmogrelatepressure43Newwordsheatemitpoisonousgaschokeillustrationprosperityvehiclebumperunderground

supplybadlypolluteregulateindustrytrusttapeconomicprotesthugeunlikelyanywayunemployedfridgerarityblow44Newwordsheatsupplyunlikely44Phrasesandexpressionssetthetone(forsomething)checkuponrunoutplaydowntothecontraryatallcostsresultincometotermswithturningpointseachange45Phrasesandexpressionssetn.[U;C]mixtureofsmokeandfog

煙霧（指城市里由汽車和工廠廢氣所造成的不潔空氣）e.g.SmogisamajorprobleminLosAngeles.在洛杉磯，煙霧污染是一個(gè)很嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)我們飛入機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，可以看到深黃色的煙霧盤旋在城市的上空。Asweflewintotheairport,wecouldseeadarkyellowsmoghoveringoverthecity.smogPractice:46n.[U;C]mixtureofsmokeand1)[singular;U]thegeneralfeelingorattitudeexpressedinapieceofwriting,aspeech,anactivityetc基調(diào)；氣氛e.g.Thetoneofthereportwasradical.報(bào)告的基調(diào)十分激進(jìn)。toneestablishaparticularmoodorcharacterforsomething為某事確定基調(diào)e.g.Hisfunnyopeningspeechsetthetonefortheevening.他幽默風(fēng)趣的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白為整個(gè)晚會(huì)定下了基調(diào)。setthetoneforsomethingn.471)[singular;U]thegeneralf2)[C]thequalityofsomebody’svoice,especiallyexpressingaparticular，emotion語(yǔ)氣；口吻e.g.Don’tspeaktoyourmotherinthattoneofvoice.不要用這樣的語(yǔ)氣對(duì)你媽媽說(shuō)話。Itwasn’tsomuchwhatshesaidthatannoyedme—itwashertone.并不是她說(shuō)的話，而是她說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣把我惹惱了。setthetoneforsomethingPractice:482)[C]thequalityofsomebobtaininformationinordertoestablishthetruthaboutsomeoneorsomething檢查；核實(shí)e.g.Myparentsarealwayscheckinguponme.我父母老是查我在干什么。checkuponIneedtocheckuponafewthingsbeforeIcandecide.我需要核實(shí)幾件事情后才能做決定。Practice:49obtaininformationinorderton.[U]theprocessofdamagingtheair,waterorlandwithchemicalsorothersubstances污染e.g.Thenewlawisaimedatreducingpollutionintheair.新的法律旨在減少空氣的污染。pollution50n.[U]theprocessofdamagingadj.verybadorunpleasant可怕的e.g.Thecoffeetasteshorrible.這咖啡太難喝了。Itwashorriblesittingthereallonmyown.我獨(dú)自一人坐在那兒太可怕了。horriblePractice:51adj.verybadorunpleasant可怕adj.slightlyyellow微黃色的e.g.Theleavesvaryfromyellowishgreentodarkgreen.樹(shù)葉的顏色從淡淡的黃綠到深綠不等。yellowish52adj.slightlyyellow微黃色的yellovt.leaveamarkon(something)thatisdifficulttoremove沾污；沾染e.g.Hehadsmokedforsomanyyearsthathisteethwerestainedyellow.他抽煙很多年了，以至于牙齒都被染成了黃色。stainThejuicefromtheberriesstainedtheirfingersred.梅子的汁水把他們的手指染成了紅色。Practice:53vt.leaveamarkon(somethivt.showormakeaconnectionbetweentwoormorethings與……有聯(lián)系e.g.Ifounditdifficulttorelatethetwoideasinmymind.

我發(fā)現(xiàn)要把這兩個(gè)想法在腦子里聯(lián)系起來(lái)很困難。relateSometeachersrelatedthepoorperformanceofthestudentswiththeincreaseinthesizeofclasses.有些老師把學(xué)生成績(jī)不好和班級(jí)人數(shù)的增加聯(lián)系起來(lái)。Practice:54vt.showormakeaconnectioadv.morethanisusualorexpected不同尋常地；異常地e.g.Hewasunusuallypolite.他格外地有禮貌。unusuallyUnusuallyforhim,hemadealargenumberofmistakes.他犯了大量的錯(cuò)誤，對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，這是不同尋常的。Practice:55adv.morethanisusualorexpn.thenumberofitemssold銷量e.g.Exportsaleswereupby32%lastyear.

去年出口銷量上升了32%。salesn.[C;U]anactortheprocessofsellingsomething銷售；出售e.g.Thesaleofcigarettestochildrenisforbiddeninmanycountries.在很多國(guó)家，賣煙給孩子是被禁止的。saleSalesofhisnewbookarebeyondhisexpectations.他的新書的銷量超過(guò)了他的預(yù)期。Practice:56n.thenumberofitemssold銷量n.[C]amachineorasubstancethatremovesharmfulsubstancesfromsomething凈化器；凈化劑；清洗裝置e.g.SheaskedJohnifhe’dhelphertoinstallawaterpurifierinherkitchen.她問(wèn)約翰是否能幫她在廚房安裝一個(gè)凈水器。purifierIntraditionalmedicine,certainherbsareusedasbloodpurifiers.在傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)里，有些草藥被用作血液清潔劑。Practice:57n.[C]amachineorasubstn.[C]acoveringforpartoralloftheface,worntohideorprotectit面罩；面具e.g.Nursesshouldwearmasksandcapsonthejob.護(hù)士上班時(shí)應(yīng)戴口罩和帽子。maskvi.increaseveryquicklyandsuddenly飛速上升e.g.Housepricesarerocketingupinsomelargecities.

有些大城市的房?jī)r(jià)在飛速上漲。rocket58n.[C]acoveringforpartfinish,use,orsellallofsomething,sothatthereisnoneleft;beusedup用盡；耗盡e.g.Myfoodisabouttorunout.我的食物快沒(méi)了。runoutWemightrunoutofmoneybeforetheendoftheholiday.假期還未結(jié)束，也許我們的錢就用完了。Practice:59finish,use,orsellallofson.[C;U]asuddenanddangeroushappeningwhichmustbedealtwithquickly緊急情況；突發(fā)事件e.g.Dial1-1-0inanemergency.緊急情況請(qǐng)撥打110。emergencyThegovernmenthasdeclaredastateofemergencyfollowingtheearthquake.地震后，政府宣布進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)。Practice:60n.[C;U]asuddenanddangeron.[U]thefacts,signsorobjectsthatmakeyoubelievethatsomethingistrue證據(jù)；證明e.g.Wefoundfurtherscientificevidenceforthistheory.我們找到了支持這個(gè)理論的更多的科學(xué)證據(jù)。playdownmakesomethingseemlessimportantorlessbadthanitreallyis減弱；淡化；輕描淡寫e.g.Thenewspaperstoriesplayeddowntheactor’sunattractivepast.報(bào)紙上的報(bào)導(dǎo)淡化處理了這個(gè)演員不太光彩的過(guò)去。evidence61n.[U]thefacts,signsoradj.easytoseeorunderstand清楚的；明白易懂的e.g.Thefactswereplaintosee.

事實(shí)一目了然。tothecontraryshowingorprovingtheopposite相反的（地）e.g.Foralongtimeitwasthoughttobeaharmlesssubstance,butwenowhaveprooftothecontrary.很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái)，這種物質(zhì)都被認(rèn)為是無(wú)毒的，但是我們現(xiàn)在有了相反的證據(jù)。plain62adj.easytoseeorunderstandpressuren.[U]anattempttopersuadesomeonebyusinginfluence,arguments,orthreats（利用影響、辯論或威脅施加的）壓力e.g.Theyareputtingpressureonpeopletovoteyes.他們正在向人們施加壓力，要求他們投贊成票。Iwasunderpressurefrommyparentstobecomeateacher.父母給我壓力，要我當(dāng)一名老師。Practice:63pressureIwasunderpressure1)makeofficialinformationavailableforeveryonetoread公布；公開(kāi)e.g.Thelatestunemploymentfigureswillbepublishedtomorrow.最新的失業(yè)數(shù)字將于明天公布。2)arrangeforabook,magazineetctobewritten,printed,andsold出版；發(fā)行e.g.Shewasonly19whenherfirstnovelwaspublished.當(dāng)她的第一部小說(shuō)發(fā)表時(shí)，她才19歲。publishvt.641)makeofficialinformation.[C]theamountornumbershownonaninstrumentusedformeasuringsomething（儀表上的）讀數(shù)e.g.Thetemperaturereadingwas25degrees.溫度讀數(shù)為25度。reading65n.[C]theamountornumbernewspapers,magazines,radio,televisionandtheInternetconsideredasagroup媒體；大眾傳媒e.g.Theissuehasbeenmuchdiscussedinthemedia.這一問(wèn)題已被媒體廣泛地討論。themedian.(pluralofmedium)ameansbywhichsomethingiscommunicatedorexpressed媒介e.g.Languageisamediumofcommunication.語(yǔ)言是交流的媒介。media66newspapers,magazines,radio,vt.printandpublishanitemorastoryinanewspaperormagazine刊登e.g.Onadvicefromtheirlawyerstheydecidednottorunthestory.他們遵照他們律師的意見(jiàn)，決定不刊登這則新聞了。runAllthepapersranstoriesaboutthenewpeacetalks.所有的報(bào)紙都刊登了關(guān)于新的和平會(huì)談的新聞。Practice:67vt.printandpublishaniteadj.thathasneverbeenknownordone;veryunusual前所未聞的；空前的e.g.Hedyedhishair,whichwasalmostunheard-ofinthe1960s.他染了頭發(fā)，這在上世紀(jì)六十年代簡(jiǎn)直是聞所未聞的事情。scalen.[U]thesizeorextentofsomething,especiallywhencomparedwithsomethingelse規(guī)模；程度e.g.Itwasimpossibletocomprehendthefullscaleofthedisaster.

要了解這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難的整個(gè)規(guī)模是不可能的。unheard-of68adj.thathasneverbeenknownn.[U]anincreaseinthesize,amountordegreeofsomething

增長(zhǎng)；生長(zhǎng)e.g.Therapidgrowthincrimeisabigprobleminthecountry.犯罪率的快速增長(zhǎng)是這個(gè)國(guó)家的一大難題。growthShe’swrittenseveralbooksonpersonalgrowth.她寫了好幾本關(guān)于個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)的書。Practice:69n.[U]anincreaseintheswhateverisneededtoachievesomething不惜任何代價(jià)e.g.Wemustarrivethereatallcostsbeforemidnight.我們必須不惜任何代價(jià)在半夜前趕到那兒。atallcostsWearedeterminedtoobtainourrightsatallcosts.我們下定決心要不惜一切代價(jià)獲得我們的權(quán)利。Practice:70whateverisneededtoachievecauseorproducesomething產(chǎn)生……結(jié)果；導(dǎo)致e.g.Theexperimentresultedinthediscoveryofacureforcancer.實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果是發(fā)現(xiàn)了癌癥的一個(gè)治療方法。resultinTheaccidentresultedinthreedeaths.事故導(dǎo)致三人死亡。Practice:71causeorproducesomething產(chǎn)生…adj.existingorhappeningoveralargeareaoramongmanypeople

分布廣的；普遍的e.g.Theplanreceivedwidespreadsupportthroughoutthecountry.這個(gè)計(jì)劃在全國(guó)得到了普遍的支持。widespreadPovertyiswidespreadinthecountry,affecting78%ofthepopulation.貧困在這個(gè)國(guó)家很普遍，影響著78%的人口。Practice:72adj.existingorhappeningoveadj.c