2021職稱英語理工b2021職稱英語理工類B級考試真題

第第頁共19頁2021職稱英語理工b-2021職稱英語理工類

B級考試真題20職稱英語理工類B級考試真題第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)1.Theorganizationwasboldenoughtofacethepress.A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.sensible參考答案：Cwillnottoleratethatsortofbehaviorinmyclass.A.acceptB.controlC.observeD.regulate參考答案：ArealizedtomyhorrorthatIhadforgottenthepresent.A.limitB.fearC.powerD.fool參考答案：B.Mostpeoplefindrejectionhardtoaccept.A.ecuseB.clientC.destinyD.refusal參考答案：D.She"setremelypetentandindustrious.A.hardworkingB.honestC.objectiveD.independent參考答案：A.Thedoctorsdidnotrevealthetruthtohim.A.hideB.handleC.discloseD.establish參考答案：C.Hetriedtoassemblehisthoughts.A.clearB.shareC.gatherD.spare參考答案：C.Thelawcarriesapenaltyofuptothreeyearsinprison.A.messageB.punishmentC.guiltD.obligation參考答案：B.Prisonerswerekeptinthemostallingconditions.A.fleibleB.terribleC.reasonableD.serious參考答案：B.Theseproductsareinferiortothosewebroughtlastyear.A.poorerthanB.narrowerthanC.largerthanD.rherthan參考答案：A.Thepolitalsituationinthereonhasdeterioratedrapidly.A.improvedB.changedC.worsenedD.developed參考答案：C.Therewasasimultaneoustrialtakingplaceinthebuilding.A.coeistingB.fairC.fullD.pub參考答案：A.They"repetitioningforbetterfacilitiesforthedisabledonpubltransport.A.requestingB.planningC.preparingD.looking參考答案：A.Hesaidsomeharshwordsabouthisbrother.A.unkindB.properC.normalD.unclear參考答案：A15.Wewereattractedbythelureofqukmoney.A.amountB.supplyC.sumD.temp參考答案：D第二部分：閱讀判斷下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子作出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C.（第16—22題，每題1分，共7分）ADHDLinkedtoAirPollutantsChildrenhaveanincreasedofattentionproblems,seenasearlyasgradeschool.Iftheirnosesinhaled（吸入）acertaintypeofairpollutionwhentheywerepregnant.That"sthefindingofanewstudy.Releasedwhenthingsaren"tburnedpletely,thispollutionisknownaspolycyclaromathydrocarbons,orPAHs.ThebiggestsourcesofthesePAHs：theburningoffossilfuels,woodandtrash.FrederaPereraworksatColumbiaUniversity"sMailmanSchoolofPublHealthisNewYorkCity.Sheresearcheshoweposuretothingsintheenvironmentaffectschildren"shealthinanewstudy,sheandherteamstudiedtheeposuretoairpollutionof233nonsmokingpregnantwomeninNewYorkCity.Becauseburningtobaccocanspew（排放）PAHsintotheairandlungs,Perera“steamfocusedonnonsmokers.Theresearcherswantedtoprobe（探查）othersourcesofPAHs,onesthat"swouldhavebeenhardforanindividualtoavoid.Theteamstartedbytestingthebloodofeachwomanduringpregnancy.ThereasonAnyPAHsinawoman"sbloodwouldalsobeavailabletothebabyinherwomb.Nineyearslater,theresearchersinvestigatedsignsofattentionproblemsinthosechildren,nowage9.Theyaskedeachchild"smotheraseriesofquestions.Theseincludedwhateverherchildhadproblemsdoingthingsthatneededsustained（長期的）mentaleffort,suchashomeworkorgameswithfriends.Thescientistsalsoaskedifthekidshadtroublefolloginstructionsormadefrequent,carelessmistakes.AllofthesecanbesymptomsofadisordercalledAttentionDefitHyperactivityDisorder,orADHD.AboutoneinU.S.childrenhasADHD.Amongthewomenstudied,traffandhomeheatingweretheprimarysourcesofairpollutioneposure,Pereraandherteamsuspect.SomeofthesewomenhadlowlevelsofPAHsintheirblood.Ohtershadhighlevels.Thosewithhighlevelswerefivetimesaslikelytohavechildrenwhoshowedattentionproblemsbyage9.ThenewfindingswerepublishedNovember5inthejournalPLOSONE.16.PereraandherteamchosenonsmokingpregnantwomenalloverAmera.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned參考答案：B.ThemainpurposeoftheresearchwastofindouthoweposuretoPAHsplayedaroleinharmingthesubjects"physalhealth.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned參考答案：B.NonsmokingmotherswereselectedbecausetheeffectofsmokingonPAHswasunclear.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned參考答案：B.Thebloodofeachwomanwastestedonceamonthduringpregnancy.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned參考答案：C.KidswithADHDmonlyfailinschool.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned參考答案：C.ThewomenwithhighlevelsofPAHsintheirbloodweremorelikelytohavekidswithADHD.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned參考答案：A.TraffandhomeheatingwereconsideredtobethebiggestsourcesofPAHsforthesubjectsintheresearch.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned參考答案：A第三部分：概括大意與完成句子下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：（1）第23—26題要求從所給的6個選項(xiàng)中為指定段落每段選擇1個標(biāo)題;（2）第27—30題要求從所給的6個選項(xiàng)中為每個句子確定一個最佳選項(xiàng)。（第23—30題，每題1分，共8分）FirstImage-recognitionssoftware1）DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartifialintelligencesoftwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInterwithfargreateraccuracythaneverbefore.2）Thenewsystem,witchwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingliedtovideos,showsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm（運(yùn)算法則）forimagerecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandeffientienoughtoimprovelarge-scaledocumentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespiel（像素）datainimagesandpotentiallyvideo—ratherthanjusttet—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepielsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtet-basedimagesearchennes.Theknowledgegleaned（收集）fromthoseresultscanthenbeliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptions（圖片說明），makingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.3）"Overthelast30years,"saysAssociateProfessorKorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,"thewebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytetdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-grogmultimediadatastet,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepturesofvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetthest（主旨）?！阨tbylookingatthepturesinit.Yet,sruprisingly,alleistingpopularsearchenne,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseeclusivelythetetofWedpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandeffientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepielstoimprovedocumentsearch"4）Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartifialintelligencethatallowsputerstolearnwithoutbeingeplitlyprogrammed—thatetractssemant（語義的）informationfrompielsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationgisusedtoenrhthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchennesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirroachusingmorethan600searchqueries（查詢）onadatabaseof50millionWedpages.Theyselectedthetet-retrievalsearchennewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemantinformationetractedbytheirmethodfromthepturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthtthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheorinalsearchennepurelybasedontet.23.Paragraph1A.PopularityofthenewsystemB.PublationofthenewdiscoveryC.FunctionofthenewsystemD.ArtifialintelligencesoftwarecreatedE.ProblemsoftheeistingsearchennesF.Improvementiindocumentretrieval參考答案：D24.Paragraph2A.PopularityofthenewsystemB.PublationofthenewdiscoveryC.FunctionofthenewsystemD.ArtifialintelligencesoftwarecreatedE.ProblemsoftheeistingsearchennesF.Improvementiindocumentretrieval參考答案：C25.Paragraph3A.PopularityofthenewsystemB.PublationofthenewdiscoveryC.FunctionofthenewsystemD.ArtifialintelligencesoftwarecreatedE.ProblemsoftheeistingsearchennesF.Improvementiindocumentretrieval參考答案：E26.Paragraph4A.PopularityofthenewsystemB.PublationofthenewdiscoveryC.FunctionofthenewsystemD.ArtifialintelligencesoftwarecreatedE.ProblemsoftheeistingsearchennesF.Improvementiindocumentretrieval參考答案：F27.Thenewsystemdoesdocumentretrievalby.A.informationinimagesB.currentpopularsearchennesC.usingphotosD.machinevisionsystemsEumentsearchF.descriptionoftheHTMLpage參考答案：C28.Thenewsystemisepectedtoimproveprecisionin.A.informationinimagesB.currentpopularsearchennesC.usingphotosD.machinevisionsystemsEumentsearchF.descriptionoftheHTMLpage參考答案：E.Whenperformingdocumentretrievaltheeistingsearchennesignore.A.informationinimagesB.currentpopularsearchennesC.usingphotosD.machinevisionsystemsEumentsearchF.descriptionoftheHTMLpage參考答案：A.Thenewsystemwasfoundmoreeffectiveindocumentsearchthanthe.A.informationinimagesB.currentpopularsearchennesC.usingphotosD.machinevisionsystemsEumentsearchF.descriptionoftheHTMLpage參考答案：B第四部分：閱讀理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項(xiàng)。（第31—45題，每題3分，共45分）第一篇：WhyBuyShade-GrownCoffee?Whenpeopleargueaboutwhethercoffeeisgoodforhealth,they"reusuallythinkingofthehealthofthecoffeedrinker.Isitfoodforyourheart?Doesitincreasebloodpressure?Doesithelpyouconcentrate?However,coffeeaffectsthehealthofthehumanpopulationinotherways,too.Traditionally,coffeebusheswereplantedunderthecanopy（樹M）oftallerindigenous（土生土長的）trees.However,moreandmorefarmersinLatinAmeraaredeforestingthelandtogrowfull-suncoffees.Atfirst,thisincreasesproductionbecausemorecoffeebushescanbeplantediftherearen"tanytrees.Withincreasedproductioneincreasedprofits.Unfortunately,deforestingforcoffeeproductionimmediatelydecreaseslocal-wildlifehabitat.Nativebirdsnestandhidefrompredators（捕食者）inthetalltreesandmigratingbirdsrestthere.Furthermore,inthelongterm,thefull-sunmethodalsodamagestheecosystembecausemorechemalfertilizersandpestidesareneededtogrowthecoffee.Thefertilizersandpestideskillinsectsthateatcoffeeplant,butthenthebirdseatthepoisonedinsectsandalsodie.Thechemalskillorskenotheranimalsaswell,andcanevenenterthewaterthatpeoplewilleventuallydrink.Fortunately,farmersinCentralandSouthAmeraarebenningtogrowmorecoffeebushesintheshade.Wecansupportthesefarmersbybuyingcoffeewithsuchlabelsas"shadegrown"and"birdfriendly."Sure,thesevarietiesmightcostalittlemore.Butwe"repayingforthehealthofthebirds,theland,ourselves,andthepla.Ithinkit"sworthit.31.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Farmersarechanngthewaytheygrowcoffee.B.Coffeeisbeingmoreepensivetoproduce.C.Shade-growcoffeeismoreepensivethansun-growcoffee.D.Peopleshouldbuyshade-growncoffee.參考答案：A.Thefunctionoftheword"Traditionally"inParagraph2istoshow.A.thepositiveeffectsofcoffee.B.achangeofcoffeegrowth.C.somethingthatisthemostimportant.D.howcoffeeproductionusedtobe.參考答案：B.Whatdoesincreasedproductionoffull-suncoffeebringabout?A.Moreinsects.B.Betterqualitycoffee.C.Largerfarms.D.Higherprofits.參考答案：D.Howdofarmersfindmorelandforgrogfull-suncoffee?A.Theybuymorelandfromotherfarmers.B.Theycutdowntrees.C.Theymovetoanothercountry.D.Theyturngrasslandintofarmland.參考答案：B.Thefull-sunmethodmayaffectthefollogECEPT.A.insects.B.air.C.brids.D.humans.參考答案：B第二篇：MoreRuralResearchisNeededAgrulturalresearchfundingisvitaliftheworldistofeeditselfbetterthanitdoesnow.Dr.TonyFischer,cropscientist,saiddemandwasgrogat2.5peryearbutwithmoderntechnoloesandthedevelopmentofnewones,theworldshouldbeabletostayahead."Theglobaldeclineininvestmentininternationalagrulturalresearchmustbereversedifsignifantprogressistobemadetowardsreducingmalnutrition（營養(yǎng)不fe）andpoverty."hesaid.Researchisneededtosolvefoodproduction,landdegradation（貧瘠化）andenvironmentalproblems.Securelocalfoodsuppliesledtoeconomgrowthwhhisturn,slowedpopulationgrowth.Dr.Fischerpaintedaptureoftheworld"sabilitytofeeditselfinthefirst25years,whentheworld"spopulationisepectedtorisefrom5tobillionpeople.Hesaidthatthingswillprobablyholdorimprovebutthere"llstillbealotofhungrypeople.Thebiggestconcentrationofpoorandhungrypeoplewouldbeinsub-SaharanAfraandsouthernAsiain2021,similartothecurrentipattern.Ifthereisanychange,asligheimprovementwillbeseeninsouthernAsia,butnotinsub-SaharanAfra.ThemajorimprovementwillbeinEastAsia,SouthAmeraandSouthEastAsia.Thedebelopingworldwasinvestingabout0.5,or$8billionayear,ofitsagrulturalgrossdomestproduct（GDP）onresearchanddevelopedworldwasspending2.5ofitsGDP.Dr.Fischersaidmorewasneededfromallcountries.Hesaidcropresearchcouldproducetechnoloesthatspreadacrossmanycountries,suchaswheatproductionresearchhavingspin-offs（有用的副產(chǎn)品）forMeo,ChinaorIndia."Technoloesstillneedtoberefinedforthelocalconditionsbutalotofthestrategresearchcanhavegloballation,sothatmoneycanbeusedveryeffiently."Dr.Fischersaid.Yieldsofre,wheatadmaize（玉米）havegrownimpressivelyinthepast30years,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Forele,maizeproductionrosefrom2to8tonnesperhectarebetween1950and1995.Buttechnoloesdrivingthisgrowthsuchashigh-yieldvarieties,fertilizers,andirrigation,werebeingehausted."Ifyouwanttosavethelandfornon-agrulturalactivities,forforestsandwildlife,you"regoingtohavetoincreaseyield."Dr.Fischersaid.36.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Shortageoffoodsupplies.B.Developmentofagrulturaltechnoloes.C.Impactofagrulturalresearch.D.Epectationofpopulationgrowth.參考答案：C.Whhofthefollogstatementsistrueabouttheworld"sagrulturalresearchfunding?A.Itisincreasingamongdevelopedcountries.B.Itisdecreasingworldwide.C.Lessisdemandedfromdevelopingcountries.D.Mostofitisspentveryeffiently.參考答案：B.WhatistheptureofAsia"sfoodsuppliesinthefirst25years?A.Foodshortagewillnotbeaproblem.B.TherewillbemorehungrypeopleinsouthernAsia.C.Populationgrowthwillresultinmorehungrypeople.D.TherewillbefewerhungrypeopleinEastAsia.參考答案：C39.WhatdoesDr.Fischersayabouttechnoloes?A.Theyarecostly.B.Theyhavetobeimprovedtomeetlocalneeds.C.Theirlationislimited.D.Theyhavetobeliedlocally.參考答案：B40.Itcanbeinferedfromthelastparagraphthat.A.thereisademandforsavinglandfornon-agrulturalactivities.B.cropproductionisgrogfasterindevelopingcountries.C.maizeproductionreacheditspeakinthe1990s.D.technoloesimprovingmaizeproductionhavebeenwelldeveloped.參考答案：A第三篇：DangersawaitbabieswithaltitudeWomenwholiveintheworld"shighestmunitiestendtovebirthtounder-weightbabies,anewstudysuggests.Thesebabiesmaygrowintoadultswithahighriskofheartdiseaseandstrokes.Researchhashintedthatnewbornsinmountainmunitiesarelighterthanaverage.Butitwasn"tclearwhetherthisisduetoreducedoygenlevelsathighaltitudeorbecausetheirmothersareunder-nourished—manypeoplewholiveathighaltitudesarerelativelypoorparedwiththoselivinglowerdown.Tofindoutmore,DinoussaniandhisteamatCambridgeUniversitystudiedtherecordsof400birthsinBoliviaduring1976and1998.Thebabieswereborninbothrhandpoorareasoftwocities：LaPazandSantaCruz.LPazisthehighestcityintheworld,at3.65kilometersabovesealevel,whileSantaCruzismuchlower,at0.44kilometers.Sureenough,ussanifoundthattheaveragebirthweightofbabiesinLaPazwassignifantlylowerthaninSantaCruz.Thiswastrueinbothhighandlow-inefamilies.EvenbabiesborntopoorfamiliesinSantaCruzwereheavieronaveragethanbabiesborntowealthyfamiliesinloftyLaPaz."Wewereverysurprisedbythisresult，"saysussani.Theresultssuggestthatbabiesbornathighaltitudearedeprivedofoygenbeforebirth."Thismaytriggerthereleaseorsuppressionofhormonesthatregulategrowthoftheunbornchild，"saysussani.Histeamalsofoundthathigh-altitudebabiestendedtohaverelativelylargerheadsparedwiththeirbodies.Thisisprobablybecauseafetusstarvedofoygenwillsendoygenatedbloodtothebraininpreferencetorestofthebody.ussaniwantstofindoutifsuchbabieshaveahigherriskofdiseaseinlaterlife.PeopleborninLaPazmightbepronetohearttroubleinadulthood,forele.Lowbirthweightisariskfactorforcoronary（冠狀的）heartdisease.Andnewbornswithahighratioofheadsizetobodyweightareoftenpredisposedtohighbloodpressureandstrokesinlaterlife.41.Whatdoesthenewstudydiscover?A.Babiesborntowealthyfamiliesareheaver.B.Womenlivingathighaltitudetendtovebirthtounderweightbabies.C.Newbornsincitiesarelighterthanaverage.D.Low-altitudebabieshaveahighriskofheartdiseaseinlaterlife.參考答案：B42.ussaniandhisteamaresurethat.A.babiesborninLancePazareonaveragelighterthaninSantaCruz.B.peoplelivingathighaltitudestendtovebirthtounderweightbabies.C.thebirthweightofbabiesborntowealthyfamiliesisSantaCruz.D.mothersinLaPazaremonlyunder-nourished.參考答案：A43.ItcanbeinferredfromwhatussanisaysinParagraph4that.A.thefindingwasunepectedB.hewasverytired.C.thestudytooklongerthanepected.D.hewassurprisedtofindlow-inefamiliesinLaPaz.參考答案：A44.Theresultsofthestudyindatethereasonfortheunderweightbabiesis.A.lackofcertainnutrition.B.powertyoftheirmother.C.differentfamilybackgrounds.D.reductionofoygenlevels.參考答案：D45.Itcanbelearnedaboutformtheparagraphthat.A.high-altitudebabiestendtohavehighbloodpressureinlaterlife.B.under-weightbabieshaveashorterlifespan.C.babiesborntopoorfamilieslackhormonesbeforebirth.D.newbornwealthyfamilieshavelargerheadsparedwiththeirbodies.參考答案：B第五部分：補(bǔ)全短文下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。(第46—50題，每題2分，共10分)SavingaCity"sPublArtAvoidingtraffjamsinLosAngelesmaybeimpossible,butthecity"scolorfulfreewaymurals(壁畫)canbrighteneventheworstmute.Paintingsthatdept(描述)famouspeopleandhistoralscenescoveroffebuildingsandfreewaywallsallacrossthecity.Withacollectionofmorethan2，000murals,LosAngelesistheunoffialmuralcapitaloftheworld.Butthebinationofgraffiti(涂鴉)，pollution,andhotsunhasleftmanyL.A.muralsinterriblecondition.(46)Inthepast,epertssay,littleattentionwasventocaringforpublart.Artistswereevenepectedtomaintaintheirownworks,notaneasytaskwithcarsracingbyalongthefreeway.(47)Theworkstartedin203.Sofar,16wallshavebeenselected,andmoremaybeaddedlater.Untilabout1960,publmuralsinLosAngeleswererare.Butinthe1960sand1970s,youngL.A.artistsbegantostudyearly20th-centuryMeanmuralpainting.(48)ThemostfamousmuralinthecityisJudithBaca"s"TheGreatWall,"a13-foot-high(4-meter-high)paintingthatrunsforhalfamile(0.8kilometer)inNorthHollywood，(49)ittookeightyearstoplete—400underprivilegedteenagerspaintedthedesigns—andisprobablythelongestmuralintheworld.OneofthemuralsthatwillberestorednowisKentTwitchell"s"SeventhStreetAltarpiece."whhhepaintedfortheLosAngelesOlympsin1984.(50)Twitchellsaid,"ItwasmeantasakindofgatewaythroughwhhthetravelertoL.A.mustdrive.Theopenhandsrepresentpeace.”Artistsoftencallmuralsthepeople"sart.Alongabusyfreewayorhiddeninaquietneighborhood,muralscanreachpeoplewhowouldneverpaymoneytoseefineartinamuseum,"Muralsveavoetothesilentmajority，"saidoneartist.A.Thecitytryingtosthespreadofgraffiti,haspaintedoversomeofthemuralsplete.B.ThisstrikingworkdeptstwopeoplefacingeachotheronoppositesidesofthefreewayneardowntownLosAngeles.C.ArtistslikemuralsbecausetheyliketheworkofMeanartists.D.Nowthecityisbenningahugeprojecttorestorethecity"smurals.E.ThemuralrepresentsthehistoryofethngroupsinCalifornia.F.Soon,theirmuralsbecameasymbolofthecity"sculturalepressionsandashowcaseforL.A."sculturaldiversity.46.參考答案：A.參考答案：D.參考答案：C.參考答案：E.參考答案：B第六部分：完形填空下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項(xiàng)。(第51-65題，每題1分，共15分)I"llBeBachposerDavidCopeistheinventorofaputerprogramthatwritesorinalworksofclassalmus.IttookCope30yearstodevelopthesoftware.Nowmostpeoplecan"t(51)thedifferencebetweenmusbythefamousGermanposerJ.S.Bach(1685-1750)andtheBach-likepositionsfromCope"sputer.Itallstartedin1980intheUn