英語句子成分和句子類型課件

英語句子成分SentenceComponents英語句子成分SentenceComponents一、句子成分?（一）句子成分的定義：?構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。?句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；?主要成分有主語和謂語；?次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語和插入語。一、句子成分?（一）句子成分的定義：?構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做二）主語：?主語(Subject)表示句子說的是什么人或什么事，是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不是疑問詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。二）主語：?主語(Subject)表示句子說的是什么人或什么1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名詞）2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代詞）3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（數(shù)詞）4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（動(dòng)名詞）6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞化的形容詞）1.Duringthe1990s,Americanc7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主語從句）8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）7.Whenwearegoingtohavean（三）謂語?謂語(Predicate)說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：?1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno'clock.（三）謂語?謂語(Predicate)說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或（三）謂語?2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞構(gòu)成。如：DoyouspeakEnglish？Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.（3）由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.注意：謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。（三）謂語?2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如（四）表語?表語(Predicative)?用以說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。?表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。例如：（四）表語?表語(Predicative)?用以說明主語的性1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞）2.Isityours?（代詞）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）4.Thespeechisexciting.（現(xiàn)在分詞）5.Threetimessevenistwentyone.（數(shù)詞）1.OurteacherofEnglishisan6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（動(dòng)名詞）8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.（介詞短語）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞）10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語從句）6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：Heisateacher.2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.3）表像系動(dòng)詞用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：Heseems(tobe)verysad.注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。4）感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）變化系動(dòng)詞表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.6）終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove,turnout,表達(dá)“證明是;結(jié)果是”，之意，例如：Therumor(謠言)provedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，（五）賓語?賓語（Object）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.（名詞）2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.（代詞、動(dòng)名詞）3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名詞、數(shù)詞）（五）賓語?賓語（Object）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者，一般4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）5.Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短語）6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（動(dòng)名詞短語）7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（賓語從句）4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththe?賓語種類：?（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：?Lendmeyourdictionary,please.to:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,bring,throw等，例如：HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.for:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：Sheboughtagiftforhermother.?（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)），例如：?Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.?賓語種類：?（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：?L?下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：Herefusedtolendmehisbike.?下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語ask,agree,care?下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.?下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語admit,avoid,ad?下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語，但意義不同，如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。?forgettodo表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”，forgetdoing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”。如：?Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(還沒來)?Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.?(書已還給他了)??下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語，但意義不同，如m（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語?賓語補(bǔ)足語（ObjectComplement），用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。?需接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等?！百e補(bǔ)”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如：（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語?賓語補(bǔ)足語（ObjectCompleme1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.（名詞）2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容詞）3.Letthefreshairin.（副詞）4.Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短語）5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.（現(xiàn)在分詞）6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介詞短語）7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（從句）1.HisfathernamedhimXiaomin（七）定語?修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attribute)。?定語可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞）3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.（名詞）4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞）（七）定語?修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attr5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語）6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動(dòng)名詞）7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語）8.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.(定語從句)5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefi（八）狀語?修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介詞短語）3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短語）（八）狀語?修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分詞短語）5.Waitaminute.（名詞）6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（狀語從句）4.Heisintheroommakingam9種狀語種類如下：1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix（時(shí)間狀語）?2.Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因狀語）3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.（條件狀語）4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor（地點(diǎn)狀語）.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式狀語）9種狀語種類如下：1.HowaboutmeetingShecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴隨狀語）6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,I（目的狀語）mustworkharder.7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（結(jié)果狀語）8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.?（讓步狀語）9.Iamtallerthanheis.（比較狀語）Shecameinwithadictionary（九）同位語（Appositive）對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.Thisisgoodnewsthathehasfoundhisson.（十）插入語（Parenthesis）對(duì)一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe…)等，如：Tobefrank,Idon'tquiteagreewithyou.（九）同位語（Appositive）對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一句子成分詳解表句子成分主語意義表示句子說的是什么人或什么事說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象與聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征用來修飾名詞或代詞修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系充當(dāng)詞類名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語或句子動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組同主語同主語形，代，數(shù)，名,副，介詞短語或句子副詞，介詞短語或句子形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等例句WestudyinShenzhenMiddleSchool.Sheisdancingunderthetree.BothofuslikeEnglish.Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.謂語賓語表語定語狀語賓語補(bǔ)足語主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無！句子成分詳解表句子成分主語意義表示句子說的是什么人或什么事說練習(xí)一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：S.?1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.Attribute?2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.O.?3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.AdverbialPredicate?4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!Attribute?5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.AdverbialAdverbial練習(xí)一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：S.?1.ThPredicative?6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.?7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesAttributeinBeijing.O.Adverbial?8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmS.tonight.Predicate?9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.Predicate?10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.S.Predicative?11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.PredicateO.?12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.Adverbial?13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.FO.RO.Predicative?6.HisjobistotrO.?14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Attribute?15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisParenthesisAdverbialnotsogood.?16.WouldyoupleasetellmeyourO.address?AdverbialAdverbial?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.FS.?18.ItisourdutytokeepourclassroomPredicativecleanandtidy.O.C.?19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.O.C.?20.Theapplestastedsweet.PredicativeO.?14.Doyouhaveanythingels劃分句子成分1.Weareworking.2.Icanswimverywell.3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.4.Whydoesthewindblow.5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.劃分句子成分1.Weareworking.2.Ic9.Ihavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.11.Readmethefirstparagraph.12.I'veorderedsomesoupforyou.13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.15.Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.16.April'Dayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.9.Ihavealotofclothestow17.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch,asishishabit.18.Ifoundthebookinthecorneroftheroom.19.hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.20.Thetelephonerang.21.Westudyhard.22.Hisfathermighthavedied.23.Willyouleavethedooropenwhengoingout.24.Canyoumakethedogstandstill?17.Heusuallytakesanapafte25.Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight.26.Ithinkasoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.27.Weallbreathe,eat,drink.28.Iwokeupat6:00inthemorning.29.Thebookweighsfivekilos.30.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.31.Theshopassistantfoundsomecertainmaterialsforme.32.HepromisedmeanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.25.Thelandlordhadthemworki33.Pleasepassanewly-publishedmagazinetome.34.HelivedinGuangZhou.35.Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.36.Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.37.SheisteachingthepianotoseveralofthevillagechildrenandshehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.38.Ilikepopularmusic.39.Sheknowswhattodonext.40.Itexcitedallofusthatthepresidentwouldvisitourschool.33.Pleasepassanewly-publish二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語（—）、謂語（＝）、賓語（～）：?Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語（—）、謂語（＝）、賓語（?Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.?Althoughthefarmislarge,m三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語（—）、狀語（＝）、補(bǔ)語（～）：?MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語（—）、狀語（＝）、補(bǔ)語（四、選擇填空：?()1.____willleaveforBeijing.?A.Nowtheretheman?B.Themanherenow?C.Themanwhoisherenow?D.Themanisherenow?()2.Theweather____.?A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcold?C.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold?()3.Theappletasted____.?A.sweetsB.sweetly?C.nicelyD.sweet四、選擇填空：?()1.____willlea?()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.?A.latelyB.late?C.latestD.latter?()5.Theactor______attheageof70.?A.deadB.died?C.dyedD.dying?()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.?A.We,usB.Us,we?C.We,ourD.We,we?()4.Hegotup____yest?()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.?A.crowd?C.crowdedB.crowdingD.crowdedly?()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.?A.itsB.it?C.thatD.thatis?()7.Hefoundthestreet?()9.Thedog____mad.?A.looks?C.isbeinglookedB.islookedD.waslooked?()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.?A.thatB.when?C.inwhichD.where?()9.Thedog____mad.?A句子的類型1．主語+謂語2．主語+謂語+賓語3．主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語4．主語+謂語+雙賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語)5．主語+謂語+復(fù)合賓語(賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語)簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句并列復(fù)合句句子的類型1．主語+謂語2．主語+謂語+賓語3．主語+連系動(dòng)1簡(jiǎn)單句:只有一個(gè)主語(或并列主語)和一個(gè)謂語(或并列謂語)的句子叫做簡(jiǎn)單句:HelearnsGerman.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.Wesanganddancedyesterdayevening.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.1簡(jiǎn)單句:只有一個(gè)主語(或并列主語)和一個(gè)謂語(或并列謂簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)1.主語+謂語2.主語+謂語+賓語3.主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語4.主語+謂語+直接賓語+間接賓語5.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)1.主語+謂語2.主語+謂語+賓語31.主語+謂語Dannycameback.Itisraining.Someofthemfailed.1你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。Youshouldstudyhard.2那天早上我們談了很多。Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.1.主語+謂語Dannycameback.Itis2主語+謂語+賓語?觀察下面一個(gè)例句，你能找到句中的“主語”、“謂語”、“賓語”嗎?I謂語beat主語you.賓語SVO?因此這是個(gè)典型的“主謂賓”句型。2主語+謂語+賓語?觀察下面一個(gè)例句，你能找到句中的“主語3.主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語Shewasathomethen.Hebecamefamous.Hegotangry.Theyallkeepsilent.1我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2布朗夫人看起來很健康。MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.3.主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語ShewasathometheMoreexamples:1).Theweatherisverycold.2).Shefelthappy.3).Pleasekeepsilent!4).MyfatherisanEnglishteacher.5).TheLijiangRiverlooksespeciallybeautifulintheearlymorning.6).Thesurfaceofthetablefeelssmooth.7).Leaveswillturnyellowinautumn.8).Thesouptasteddelicious.9).Thatsoundsreasonable.Moreexamples:1).Theweather4.主語+謂語+直接賓語+間接賓語Marytoldusthereason.Dannysentmeafilmticket.Johngavehersomesuggestions1.他把車票給列車員看。Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.2.我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.4.主語+謂語+直接賓語+間接賓語Marytoldus5.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語Momaskedhimtoturnofftheradio.Iobserveagirlgobyeveryday.Sheheardababycryingdownstairs.Heletususehiscomputer.1他請(qǐng)我們參加做游戲。Heaskedustojoininthegame.2我要你把真相告訴我。Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.5.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語MomaskedhimExercise1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語?2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou?3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.主＋謂＋賓+賓補(bǔ)?4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.主＋謂＋賓+賓主＋謂＋賓?5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.?6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity主＋謂＋賓+賓補(bǔ)?7.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.?8.Hedidn'tcome．Thatiswhyhedidn't主＋謂know．主＋系＋表?Exercise1.Ourschoolisnot（2）并列句:并列句由等立連詞或分號(hào);把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。1)Wehelpthemandtheyhelpus.2)Itislate,sowemusthurry.3)Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.（2）并列句:并列句由等立連詞或分號(hào);把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單4)----Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?----I'dliketo,butI'mtoobusy.5)Wemustgetupearlytomorrow,orwe'llmissthefirstbustotheGreatWall.4)----Wouldyouliketocome分句由并列連詞and,then,but,or,orelse,so,for,while,when;both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…,butalso,aswellas等來連接。分句由并列連詞and,then,but,or,orHeisabasketballfan,andhiswifeisavolleyballfan.Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.Heworkshardwhilehisbrotherisalazybone.HewasenjoyinghisKFCwhenafriendcame.Heisabasketballfan,andhis（3）復(fù)合句:含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子叫復(fù)合句。1)What'sthenameofthefilmthatyousawyesterday?2)Hesaidthathewouldgotothezoowithhismother.3)TheytookalotofpictureswhentheywereontheGreatWall?4)Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.（3）復(fù)合句:含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子叫復(fù)合句。1)W5)Whetherwe'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.6)Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.7)Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.8)Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.5)Whetherwe'llgocampingto（4）并列復(fù)合句：并列復(fù)合句即并列連詞連接的帶從句的并列句。Englishiswidelyusedintheworld,butChinahasthelargestnumberofpeoplewhospeakChinese.（4）并列復(fù)合句：并列復(fù)合句即并列連詞連接的帶從句的并列句。判斷下列句子1.Regularphysicalactivityhelpslowerbloodpressure.2.Wewatchedthetrainuntilitdisappearedinthedistance.3.Trafficaccidentsusuallyhappenwhenpeoplearenotcarefulenough.4.Organizationshopetoimprovethepublic'senvironmentalawareness.5.Icouldseepeoplemovingtoandfrointhesquare.6.Whatyousaidsoundsallright.7.Isupposeweoughttowaittillshearrives.判斷下列句子1.Regularphysicalacti英語句子成分和句子類型課件英語句子成分SentenceComponents英語句子成分SentenceComponents一、句子成分?（一）句子成分的定義：?構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。?句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；?主要成分有主語和謂語；?次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語和插入語。一、句子成分?（一）句子成分的定義：?構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做二）主語：?主語(Subject)表示句子說的是什么人或什么事，是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不是疑問詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。二）主語：?主語(Subject)表示句子說的是什么人或什么1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名詞）2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代詞）3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（數(shù)詞）4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（動(dòng)名詞）6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞化的形容詞）1.Duringthe1990s,Americanc7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主語從句）8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）7.Whenwearegoingtohavean（三）謂語?謂語(Predicate)說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：?1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno'clock.（三）謂語?謂語(Predicate)說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或（三）謂語?2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞構(gòu)成。如：DoyouspeakEnglish？Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.（3）由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.注意：謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。（三）謂語?2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如（四）表語?表語(Predicative)?用以說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。?表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。例如：（四）表語?表語(Predicative)?用以說明主語的性1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞）2.Isityours?（代詞）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）4.Thespeechisexciting.（現(xiàn)在分詞）5.Threetimessevenistwentyone.（數(shù)詞）1.OurteacherofEnglishisan6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（動(dòng)名詞）8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.（介詞短語）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞）10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語從句）6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：Heisateacher.2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.3）表像系動(dòng)詞用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：Heseems(tobe)verysad.注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。4）感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）變化系動(dòng)詞表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.6）終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove,turnout,表達(dá)“證明是;結(jié)果是”，之意，例如：Therumor(謠言)provedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，（五）賓語?賓語（Object）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.（名詞）2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.（代詞、動(dòng)名詞）3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名詞、數(shù)詞）（五）賓語?賓語（Object）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者，一般4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）5.Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短語）6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（動(dòng)名詞短語）7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（賓語從句）4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththe?賓語種類：?（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：?Lendmeyourdictionary,please.to:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,bring,throw等，例如：HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.for:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：Sheboughtagiftforhermother.?（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)），例如：?Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.?賓語種類：?（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：?L?下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：Herefusedtolendmehisbike.?下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語ask,agree,care?下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.?下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語admit,avoid,ad?下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語，但意義不同，如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。?forgettodo表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”，forgetdoing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”。如：?Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(還沒來)?Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.?(書已還給他了)??下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語，但意義不同，如m（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語?賓語補(bǔ)足語（ObjectComplement），用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。?需接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“賓補(bǔ)”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如：（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語?賓語補(bǔ)足語（ObjectCompleme1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.（名詞）2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容詞）3.Letthefreshairin.（副詞）4.Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短語）5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.（現(xiàn)在分詞）6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介詞短語）7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（從句）1.HisfathernamedhimXiaomin（七）定語?修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attribute)。?定語可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞）3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.（名詞）4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞）（七）定語?修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attr5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語）6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動(dòng)名詞）7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語）8.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.(定語從句)5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefi（八）狀語?修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語（Adverbial）?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆?.Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介詞短語）3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短語）（八）狀語?修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分詞短語）5.Waitaminute.（名詞）6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（狀語從句）4.Heisintheroommakingam9種狀語種類如下：1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix（時(shí)間狀語）?2.Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因狀語）3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.（條件狀語）4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor（地點(diǎn)狀語）.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式狀語）9種狀語種類如下：1.HowaboutmeetingShecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴隨狀語）6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,I（目的狀語）mustworkharder.7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（結(jié)果狀語）8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.?（讓步狀語）9.Iamtallerthanheis.（比較狀語）Shecameinwithadictionary（九）同位語（Appositive）對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.Thisisgoodnewsthathehasfoundhisson.（十）插入語（Parenthesis）對(duì)一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe…)等，如：Tobefrank,Idon'tquiteagreewithyou.（九）同位語（Appositive）對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一句子成分詳解表句子成分主語意義表示句子說的是什么人或什么事說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象與聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征用來修飾名詞或代詞修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系充當(dāng)詞類名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語或句子動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組同主語同主語形，代，數(shù)，名,副，介詞短語或句子副詞，介詞短語或句子形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等例句WestudyinShenzhenMiddleSchool.Sheisdancingunderthetree.BothofuslikeEnglish.Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.謂語賓語表語定語狀語賓語補(bǔ)足語主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無！句子成分詳解表句子成分主語意義表示句子說的是什么人或什么事說練習(xí)一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：S.?1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.Attribute?2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.O.?3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.AdverbialPredicate?4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!Attribute?5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.AdverbialAdverbial練習(xí)一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：S.?1.ThPredicative?6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.?7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesAttributeinBeijing.O.Adverbial?8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmS.tonight.Predicate?9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.Predicate?10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.S.Predicative?11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.PredicateO.?12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.Adverbial?13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.FO.RO.Predicative?6.HisjobistotrO.?14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Attribute?15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisParenthesisAdverbialnotsogood.?16.WouldyoupleasetellmeyourO.address?AdverbialAdverbial?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.FS.?18.ItisourdutytokeepourclassroomPredicativecleanandtidy.O.C.?19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.O.C.?20.Theapplestasted