2016年12月六級第二套真題

2016年12月大六級考試（第2套）PartI (30Directions：Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayoncreation?Youressayshouldincludetheimportanceofcreationandmeasurestobetakentoencouragecreation?YouarerequiredtowriteatLeast150wordsbutnomorethan200words?PartIIListening (30SectionDirections:Inthissection，you-willheartwolongconversations?Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespond—ingLetteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)TheywereproudoftheirTheywereparticularaboutA)HisHisA)NooneofthegroupateItwasalittleA)ItwasfullofItwasrather

TheywereallgoodatTheywerefondofbaconandHisparents’HisNoteawasservedwiththeItwastherealEnglishItwasariskyItwasreallyQuestions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Thewoman'searningsovertheThekeytorunningashopatalowThebusinesssuccessofthewoman’sThewoman’srelationshipwithotherA)Keepdownits C)ImproveitscustomerExpanditsbusiness D)UpgradethegoodsitA)TheyareingreatTheyaredeliveredfreeofTheyareverypopularwiththelocalTheyaresoldatlowerpricesthaninotherA)TomaintainfriendlyrelationshipswithotherToavoidbeingputoutofbusinessinToattractmorecustomersintheTofollowthecustomofthelocalSectionDirections:hithissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingLetteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheyareonthevergeofextinctionbecauseofTheycarryplantseedsandspreadthemtofarawayTheydeliverpollutantsfromtheoceantotheirnestingTheycanbeusedtodelivermessagesintimesofA)TheyoriginatefromDevonIslandintheArcticTheymigratetotheArcticCircleduringtheTheyhavetheabilitytosurviveinextremeTheytravelasfaras400kilometersinsearchofA)They emore Theypoisonedsomeof Thewerecarriedbythe TheywerelessthanontheA)TheeffectsofthechangingclimateonArcticTheharmArcticseabirdsmaycausetoThediminishingcoloniesforArcticThethreatshumansposetoArcticQuestions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Ithasremainedbasicallythe IthasbeenIt ebetter IthasA)ItisnowthesecondleadingcauseofdeathforItdevelopsmoreeasilyincentenariansnotactivelyItcallsformoreintensiveIthashadnoeffectivecuresoA)TheycherishtheirlifemorethanTheirmindsfailbeforetheirbodiesTheirqualityoflifedeterioratesTheycaremoreabouttheirphysicalSectionDirections：Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasingleLinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA)TheyformthebasisonwhichhebuildshistheoryofTheywerecarriedoutoveraperiodofsomethirtyTheyweredonebyhisformercolleagueatTheyarefocusedmoreonattractionthanA)TherelationshipcannotlastlongifnopassionisItisnotloveifyoudon’twishtomaintaintheRomanceisjustimpossiblewithoutmutualIntimacyisessentialbutnotabsoluyindispensabletoA)WhetheritisturelovewithoutWhichofthemisconsideredmostHowtherelationshipistobedefinedifanyoneisWhentheabsenceofanyonedoesn’taffecttheQuestions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA)ThehistoryofsocialSocialworkasaAcademicdegreesrequiredofsocialworkTheaimoftheNationalAssociationofSocialA)Theytrytochangepeople’ssocialTheyraisepeople’sawarenessoftheTheycreatealotofopportunitiesfortheTheyhelpenhancethewell-beingoftheA)TheyhaveallmadeadifferencethroughtheirTheyareallmembersoftheNationalTheyallhaveanacademicdegreeinsocialTheyhaveallreceivedstrictclinicalA)Socialworkers’joboptionsandresponsibilities.Waysforsocialworkerstomeetpeople's2016—12六級試題(第2套)第3頁(共22頁)TheimportanceoftrainingforsocialThepromotionofsocialworkers’socialQuestions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA)Tofightchildhoodobesity.B)Tohelpdisadvantaged

TourgekidstofollowtheirroleToencouragekidstoplaymoreA)TheyaremosteffectivewhenappearingonTheybestboostproductsaleswhenputThey ingmoreandmoreTheyimpresskidsmorethantheydoA)DowhattheyadvocateinAlwaysplacekids'interestPayattentiontotheirimagebeforeMessagepositivebehaviorsatallSectionPart Reading (40Directions：thissection，thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselect■wordforeachblankfromaListofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.ReadthePleasemarkthecorrespondingLetterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasingleLinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Smallcommunities,withtheirdistinctivecharacter—wherelifeisstableandintenselyhuman—aredisappearing.Somehave26fromthefaceoftheearth,othersaredyingslowly,butallhave27changesastheyhavecomeintocontactwithan28machinecivilization.Themergingofdiversepeoplesintoacommonmasshasproducedtensionamongmembersoftheminoritiesandthemajorityalike.TheOldOrderAmish,whoarrivedonAmericanshoresincolonialtimes,have29inthemodernworldindistinctive,smallcommunities.Theyhaveresistedthehomogenization30moresuccessfullythanothers.Inplantingandharvesttimeonecanseetheirbeardedmenworkingthefieldswithhorsesandtheirwomenhangingoutthelaundryinneatrowstodry.ManyAmericanpeoplehaveseenAmishfamilies,withthemenwearingbroad-brimmedblackhatsandthewomeninlongdresses.Inrailwayorbus31AlthoughtheAmishhavelivedwith32Americaforovertwoandahalfcenturies,theyhavemoderateditsinfluenceontheir allives,theirfamilies?communities,andtheirvalues.TheAmishareoften33byotherAmericanstoberelicsofthepastwholiveainflexiblelifededicatedtoinconvenientout-datedcustoms.Theyareseenasabandoningbothmodern34andtheAmericandreamofsuccessandprogress.ButmostpeoplehavenoquarrelwiththeAmishforngthingstheold-fashionedway.Theirconscientiousobjectionwastoleratedinwartime,forafterall,theyaregoodfarmerswho35thevirtuesofworkandthrift.A)B)C)D)E)F)G)H)I)M)J)N)K)O)L)SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoEachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.EachparagraphismarkedwithaLetter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CountriesRushforUpperHandinOnaglacier-filledislandwithfjords(峽灣)andelephantseals,RussiahasbuiltAntarctica’sfirstOrthodoxchurchonahilloverlookingitsresearchbase.Lessthananhourawaybysnowmobile,ChineselaborershaveupdatedtheGreatWallStation,avitalpartofChina’splantooperatefivebasesonAntarctica,completewithanindoorbadmintoncourtandsleequartersfor150people.Nottobeoutdone,’sfuturisticnewBharathibase,builtonstilts(柱子)using134interlockingshipcontainers,resemblesaspaceship.TurkeyandIranhaveannouncedplanstobuildbases?Morethanacenturyhaspassedsinceexplorersracedtoplanttheirflagsatthebottomoftheworld,andfordecadestocomethiscontinentissupposedtobeprotectedasascientificpreserve,shieldedfromintrusionslikemilitaryactivitiesandmining.Butanarrayofcountriesarerushingtoassertgreaterinfluencehere,withaneyenotjusttowardsthedaythoseprotectivetreatiesexpire,butalsoforthestrategicandcommercialopportunitiesthatalreadyexist.Thenewerplayersarestepintowhattheyviewasatreasurehouseofresources.SomeoftheventuresfocusontheAntarcticresourcesthatarealreadyupforgrabs,likeabundantsealife.SouthKorea,whichoperatesstate-of-the-artbaseshere,isincreasingitsfishingofkrill(磷)，foundinabundanceintheSouthernOcean,whileRussiarecentlyfrustratedeffortstocreateoneoftheworld’slargestoceansanctuarieshere.SomescientistsareexaminingthepotentialforharvestingicebergsfromAntarctica,whichisestimatedtohavethebiggestreservesoffreshwaterontheplanet.NationsarealsopressingaheadwithspaceresearchandsaliteprojectstoexpandtheirglobalnavigationBuildingonaSoviet-erafoothold,RussiaisexpandingitsmonitoringstationsforGlonass,itsversionoftheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS).AtleastthreeRussianstationsarealreadyoperatinginAntarctica，partofitsefforttochallengethedominanceoftheAmericanGPS,andnewstationsareplannedforsitesliketheRussianbase,intheshadowoftheOrthodoxChurchoftheHolyTrinity.ElsewhereinAntarctica,RussianresearchersboastoftheirrecentdiscoveryofafreshwaterreservethesizeofLakeOntarioafterdrillingthroughofsolidice.“Youcanseethatwe’reheretostay，”saidVladimirCheberdak,57，chiefoftheBellingshausenStation,ashesippedteaunderaportraitofFabianGottliebvonBellingshausen,ahigh-rankingofficerintheImperialRussianNavywhoexploredtheAntarcticcoastin1820.Antarctica’smineral，oilandgaswealtharealonger-termprize.Thetreatybanningmininghere，shieldingcoveted(令人垂誕的)reservesofironore，coalandchromium,comesupforreviewin2048.Researchersrecentlyfoundkimberlite(金伯利巖)depositshintingattheexistenceofdiamonds.Andwhileassessmentsvarywidely,geologistsestimatethatAntarcticaholdsatleast36billionbarrelsofoilandnaturalgas.BeyondtheAntarctictreaties，hugeobstaclespersisttotaptheseresources,likedriftingicebergsthatcouldjeopardizeoffshoreplatforms.ThenthereisAntarctic’sremoteness.withsomemineraldepositsfoundinwindsweptlocationsonacontinentthatislargerthanEuropeandwherewintertemperatureshoveraroundminus55degreesCelsius.ButadvancesintechnologymightmakeAntarcticaalotmoreaccessiblethreedecadesfromnow.Andevenbeforethen,scholarswarn,thedemandforresourcesinanenergy-hungryworldcouldraisepressuretorenegotiateAntarctica’streaties,possiblyallowingmorecommercialendeavoursherewellbeforetheprohibitionsagainstthemexpire.TheresearchstationsonKingGeorgeIslandofferaglimpse intothe longgame onthisice-blanketedcontinentasnationsassertthemselves,eroding theswaylongheld bycountries liketheUnitedStates,Britain,AustraliaandNewT)BeingstationedinAntarcticainvolvesadaptingtolifeontheplanet’sdriest,windiestandcoldestcontinent,yeteachnationmanagestomakeitselfathome.BeardedRussianpriestsofferregularservicesattheOrthodoxchurchforthe16orsoRussianspeakerswhospendthewinteratthebase,largelypolarscientistsinfieldslikeglaciologyandmeteorology.Theirnumberclimbstoabout40inthewarmersummermonths.Chinahasarguablythefastest-growingoperationsinAntarctica.Itopeneditsfourthstationlastyearandispressingaheadwithplanstobuildafifth.Itisbuildingitssecondice-breakingshipandsettingupresearchdrillingoperationsonanicedome13,422feetabovesealevelthatisoneplanet'scoldestplaces.Chineseofficialssaythe expansioninAntarcticaprioritisesscientificresearch,buttheyalsoacknowledgethatconcernsabout“resourcesecurity”influencetheirChina'snewlyrenovatedGreatWallStationonKingGeorgeIslandmakestheRussianandbaseshereseemoutdated.“Wedoweathermonitoringhereandother(,NingXu,53，thechiefoftheChinesebase，saidoverteaduringafierceblizzard(暴風雪inlateNovember.Thelargebaseheleadsresemblesasnowed-incollegecampusonholidaybreak，withthecapacitytosleepmorethan10timesthe13peoplewhowerestayingonthroughtheAntarcticwinter.YongYu,aChinesemicrobiologist,showedoffthespaciousbuilding,withemptydesksunderanillustratedtimelinedetailingtherapidgrowthofChina'sAntarcticoperationssincethe1980s.“Wenowfeelequippedtogrow,”hesaid.AssomecountriesexpandoperationsinAntarctica,theUnitedStatesmaintainsthree,year.roundstationsonthecontinentwithmorethan1，000peopleduringthe.,hemisphere’ssummer,includingthoseattheAmundsen-Scottstation,builtin1956atanelevationof9,301feetonaplateauattheSouthPole.ButUSresearchersquietlycomplainaboutbudgetrestraintsandhavingfarfewericebreakerstheRussia,limitingthereachoftheUnitedStatesinScholarswarnthatAntarctica’spoliticaldriftcouldblurthedistinctionbetweenmilitaryandcivilianactivitieslongbeforethecontinent'streatiescomeupforrenegotiation,especiallyinpartsofAntarcticathatareidealforintercepting()signalsfromsalitesorretaskingsalitesystems,potentiallyenhancingglobalelectronicinligenceoperations.Somecountrieshavehadahardtimehere,Brazilopenedaresearchstationin1984，butitwaslargelydestroyedbyafirethatkilledtwomembersofthenavyin2012，thesameyearthatadiesel-ladenBrazilianbargesanknearthebase.Asifthatwerenotenough,aBrazilian0130HerculesmilitarytransportplanehasremainedstrandedneartherunwayofChile’sairbaseheresinceitcrash-landedin2014.However,Brazil’sstretchofmisfortunehascreatedopportunitiesforChina,withaChinesecompanywinningthe$100millioncontractin2015torebuildtheBrazilianstation.Amidallthechanges,Antarcticamaintainsitsallure.SouthKoreaopeneditssecondAntarcticresearchbasein2014，describingitasawaytotestrobotsdevelopedbyKoreanresearchersforuseinextremeconditions.WithRussia'shelp,BelarusispreparingtobuilditsfirstAntarcticbase.ColombiasaidthisyearthatitplannedtojoinotherSouthAmericannationswithbasesin“TheolddaysoftheAntarcticbeingdominatedbytheinterestsandwishesofwhitemenfromEuropean,AustralasianandNorthAmericanstatesareover，”SaidKlausDodds,apoliticsscholarattheUniversityofLondonwhospecialisesinAntarctica.“TherealityisthatAntarcticaisgeopoliticallycontested.”AccordingtoChineseofficials,theiractivitiesinAntarcticalaygreateremphasisonscientificEffortstocreateoneoftheworld’slargestoceansanctuariesfailedbecauseofRussia’sobWithseveralmonitoringstationsoperatinginAntarctica,RussiaistryinghardtocounterAmerica’sdominanceinthefieldofworldwidenavigationalfacilities.Accordingtogeologists’estimates,AntarcticahasenormousreservesofoilandnaturalItisestimatedthatAntarcticaboastsoftherichestreservesoffreshwateronThedemandforenergyresourcesmaycompelrenegotiationofAntarctica’streatiesbeforetheirManycountriesareracingagainsteachothertoincreasetheirbusinessandstrategicinfluenceonAntarctica’sharshnaturalconditionsconstitutehugeobstaclestotheexploitationofitsreWithcompetitionfrommanycountries,AntarcticaisnolongerdominatedbythetraditionalwhiteAmericanscientistscomplainaboutlackofsufficientmoneyandequipmentfortheirexpansioninSectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）?YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingAnyveterannicotineaddictwilltestifythatfancypackagingplaysnoroleinthedecisiontokeepsmoking.So*itisargued,stripcartonsoftheirbrandingwilltriggernomassmovementtoquit.Butthatisn’twhytheernment—underpressurefromcancercharities,healthworkersandtheLabourparty—hasagreedtolegislateforstandardisedpackaging.Thetheoryisthatsmokingshouldbestrippedofanyappealtodiscouragenewgenerationsfromstartinginthefirstplace.Plainpackagingwouldbeanotherstepinthereclassificationofcigarettesfrominvitingconsumerproductstonarcotics（麻醉劑Naturally,thetobaccoindustryisviolentlyopposed.Nobusinesslikestoadmitthatitsellsaddictivepoisonasalifestylechoice.Thatiswhyernmenthashistoricallyintervened,banningadvertising,imposinghealthwarningsandpunitive（懲罰性的）duties.Thisapproachhasledovertimetoafallinsmokingwithnumbershavingroughlyhalvedsincethe1970s.EvidencefromAustraliasuggestsplainpackagingpushessocietyfurtheralongthatroad.SincetobaccoisoneofthebiggestcausesofprematuredeathintheUK,ameasurethattamesthehabitevenbyafractionisworthtrying.Sowhyhasittakensolong?TheDepartmentofHealthdeclareditsintentiontoconsiderthemoveinNovember2010andconsultedthrough2012.ButtheplanwassuspendedinJuly2013.ItdidnotescapenoticethatalobbyingfirmsetupbyLyntonCrosby,DavidCameron’selectionndirector,hadpreviouslyactedforPhilipMorrisInternational.(Theprimeministerdeniedtherewasaconnectionbetweenhisnewadviser’soutsideinterestsandthechangeinlegislativeprogramme.)InNovember2013，afteranunnecessaryroundofadditionalconsultation,healthministerJaneEllisonsaidthe wasmindedtoproceedafterall.NowwearetoldMembersofParliament(MPs)willhaveafreevotebeforeparliamentisdissolvedinMarch.Parliamenthasinfactalreadyauthorisedtheernmenttotamethetobaccotrade.MPsvotedoverwhelminglyinfavourofLabouramendmentstothechildrenandfamiliesbilllastFebruarythatincludedthepowertoregulateforplainpackaging.WithsufficientwillinDowningStreetthiswouldhavebeendonealready.ButstrengthofwillisthemissingingredientwhereMr.Cameronandpublichealthareconcerned.Hisattitudetostateinterventionhaslookedconfusedeversincehisbizarre2006lament(嘆惜)thatchocolateorangesplacedseductivelyatsupermarketcheck-outsfueledobesity.Theernmenthasmovedreluctantlyintoasensiblepublichealthpolicy,butwithsuchover-cautiousnessthatanypoliticalcreditduebelongstotheopposition.WithoutsustainedexternalpressureitseemscertainMr.Cameronwouldstillbehookedontheinterestsofbigtobaccocompanies.WhatdochainsmokersthinkofcigaretteFancypackagingcanhelptoengagenewIthaslittletodowiththequalityortasteofPlainpackagingdiscouragesnon-smokersfromtakingupIthaslittleimpactontheirdecisionwhetherornottoquitWhathasthe ernmentagreedtodoconcerningtobaccoPassalawtostandardisecigaretteRidcigarettecartonsofallSubsidisecompaniestoadoptplainReclassifycigarettesaccordingtoWhathashappenedinAustraliawhereplainpackagingisPrematuredeathratesresultingfromsmokinghaveThenumberofsmokershasdroppedmoresharplythanintheThesalesoftobaccosubstituteshaveincreasedCigarettesaleshavebeenfallingfarmorequicklythanintheWhyhasittakensolongforthe ernmenttoconsiderplainPrimeMinisterCameronhasbeenreluctanttotakeThereisstrongoppositionfromveterannicotine -ManyMembersofParliamentareaddictedtoPressurefromtobaccomanufacturersremainsWhatdidCameronsayaboutchocolateorangesatsupermarketTheyfueledalotof C)TheymademoreBritishpeopleTheyattractedalotof D)TheyhadcertainingredientsPassageQuestions51to55arcbasedonthefollowingWhatawasteofmoney!Inreturnforanaverageof￡44,000ofdebt,studentsgetahaverageofonly14hoursoflectureandtutorialtimeaweekinBritain.Annualfeeshaverisenfrom￡l,000to￡9,000inthelastdecade,butcontacttimeatuniversityhasbarelyrisenatall.Andgraduatingdoesn’tevenprovideanyguaranteeofadecentjob；sixintengraduatestodayareinnon-graduatejobs.Nowonderit efashionabletodenouncemanyuniversitiesaslittlemorethancon-tricks(3商術).There'salotforstudentstocomplainabout；therepaymentthresholdforpayingbackloanswillbefrozenforfiveyears,meaningthatlower-paidgraduateshavetostartrepayingtheirloans；andmaintenancegrantshavebeenreplacedbyloans,meaningthatstudentsfrompoorerbackgroundsfacehigherdebtthanthosewithwealthierparents.Yetitstillpaystogotouniversity.Ifgoingtouniversitydoesn’tworkout,studentspayvery—ifany-oftheirtuitionfeesback；youonlystartrepayingwhenyouareearning￡21,000ayear.Almosthalfofgraduates—thosewhogoontoearnless—willhaveaportionoftheirdebtwrittenoff.It’snotjustthelecturesandtutorialsthatareimportant.Educationisthesumofwhatstudentsteacheachotherinbetweenlecturesandseminars.Studentsdonotmerelybenefitwhileatuniversity；studiesshowtheygoontobehealthierandhappierthannon-graduates,andalsofarmorelikelytovote.Whateveryourtalents,itisextraordinarilydifficulttogetaleadingjobinmostfieldswithouthavingbeentouniversity.Recruiterscircleeliteuniv