生產(chǎn)與運作管理概述英文版

1生產(chǎn)與運作管理

AnIntroductionDr.JinxingXieDepartmentofMathematicalSciencesTsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,C./~jxieEmail:jxie@Voice:(86-10)62787812Fax:(86-10)62785847Office:Rm.1202,NewScienceBuildingProduction&OperationsManagement2OutlineWhatisProd.&OperationsManagement(POM)?DefinitionofOMOMvs.OR/MSvs.SS/SEvs.IE/EMTheHeritageofOMWhatOperationsManagersdo?ExcitingNewTrendsinOMResearchMethodsAcademicSocietiesOMRelatedJournals3WhatisOperationsManagement?運作管理就是對公司（或組織）的提供主要產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計、運行、評價和改進(jìn)。OMisthesetofactivitiesthatcreatesgoodsandservicesbytransforminginputsintooutputs.OMisthebusinessfunctionthatmanagesthatpartofabusinessthattransformsrawmaterialsandhumaninputsintogoodsandservicesofhighervalue.(narrowview)4本資料來源5

市場企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略運作戰(zhàn)略財務(wù)戰(zhàn)略營銷戰(zhàn)略運作管理人力工廠部件工藝計劃與控制系統(tǒng)輸入原料顧客輸出產(chǎn)品服務(wù)

生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)(5P)OM概要模型其他名稱：運作管理生產(chǎn)管理；運營管理工業(yè)管理；工廠管理6OMvs.OR/MSvs.SS/SEvs.IE/EM運作管理是管理的一個領(lǐng)域（管理職能）OR/MS是各領(lǐng)域在制定決策時都可能遇到的定量方法SS/SE強(qiáng)調(diào)的是系統(tǒng)觀點、系統(tǒng)方法IE/EM主要關(guān)注如何更好地利用企業(yè)的資源，解決工程問題（如工業(yè)自動化等）OMOR/MSSS/SEIE/EM7TheHeritageofOM1776-1880:早期概念專業(yè)化；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化零部件1880-1910：科學(xué)管理時代Gantt圖；動作/時間研究；過程分析；排隊論1910-1980：大批量生產(chǎn)時代流水線；經(jīng)濟(jì)批量；線性規(guī)劃；PERT/CPM；MRP1980-1995：精益生產(chǎn)時代JIT；TQM；EDI；CAD/CAM/CAPP1995-：大批量、顧客化生產(chǎn)時代全球化；信息化（INTERNET；E-Commerce)敏捷制造；BPR；ERP；主動學(xué)習(xí)的組織供應(yīng)鏈管理（SCM）；物流(Logistics)成本質(zhì)量顧客作為學(xué)科，OM誕生于50年代末60年代初8GoodsandservicesdesignWhatproductshouldweoffer?Howshouldwedesigntheseproductsandservices?ManagingqualityWhoisresponsibleforquality?Howdowedefinethequalitywewantinourserviceorproduct?ProcessandcapacitydesignWhatprocesswilltheseproductsrequireandinwhatorder?Whatequipmentandtechnologyisnecessaryfortheseprocesses?WhatOperationsManagersdo?

(Top10ResearchDirections)9LocationstrategiesWhereshouldweputthefacility?Onwhatcriteriashouldwebasthelocationdecision?LayoutdesignHowshouldwearrangethefacility?Howlargemustthefacilitybetomeetourplan?HumanresourcesandjobdesignHowdoweprovideareasonableworkenvironment?Howmuchcanweexpectouremployeestoproduce?SupplychainmanagementShouldwebuyorproducethecomponent?Whoareoursuppliersandwhocanintegrateintooure-commerceprogram?WhatOperationsManagersdo?

(Top10ResearchDirections)10InventorycontrolHowmuchinventoryofeachitemshouldwehave?Whendowereorder?Intermediate,short-term,andprojectschedulingIssubcontractingproductionagoodidea?Arewebetteroffkeepingpeopleonthepayrollduringslowdowns?MaintenanceWhoisresponsibleformaintenance?WhatOperationsManagersdo?

(Top10ResearchDirections)11ExcitingNewTrendsinOMLocalornationalfocusGlobalfocus,internationalOMBatch(large)shipmentsJust-in-timeshipmentsLow-bidpurchasingSupplychainpartners,ERP,e-CommerceLengthyproductdevelopmentRapidproductdevelopment,alliancesStandardizedproductsMasscustomizationJobspecializationEmpoweredemployees,teams,andleanproduction12ImportantResearchField-ServiceOperationsManagementIntangibleProducedandconsumedsimultaneouslyUniqueHighcustomerinteractionInconsistentproductdefinitionKnowledge-basedDispersedDifficulttoautomateDifficulttomeasurequality……….13StrategicTacticOperationalLevelsofDecisionQualitativeQuantitativeResearchMethods14ResearchMethodsEmpiricalCasestudySurveyPanelstudyDatabaseTheoreticmodelsDeterministicmodelsUncertaintymodelsSimulationExpertsystem(knowledgemodel)SimulationMotivationandObjectiveExperimentdesignIndependentvariablesDependentvariablesSimulationrunDataanalysisFindingsInsights15建立立OR/MS理論論模模型型的的一一般般步步驟驟模型型準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)備備模型型假假設(shè)設(shè)模型型構(gòu)構(gòu)成成模型型求求解解模型型分分析析模型型檢檢驗驗?zāi)Ｐ托蛻?yīng)應(yīng)用用Motivation,Formulation,Solution,Validation16DedicatedINFORMS(AmeagerofORSAandTIMS)Inparticular,MSOM(ManufacturingandServiceOM)POM(ProductionandOperationsManagementSociety)EUROMA(EuropeanOperationsManagementAssociation)RelatedAcademyofManagementDSI(DecisionSciencesInstitute)APICS(AmericanProductionandInventoryControlSociety)IIE(InstituteofIndustrialEngineering)EURO(EuropeanOperationalResearchSociety)………AcademicSocieties17EstablishedMarch1999,NewestwithinINFORMSMembership:950,LargestwithinINFORMSSocietyWebpage:.ThemethodswhichMSOMmembersapplyinordertohelptheoperationsfunctionaddvaluetoproductsandservicesarederivedfromawiderangeofscientificfields,includingoperationsresearchandmanagementscience,mathematics,economics,statistics,informationsystemsandartificialintelligence.ManufacturingandServiceOperationsManagementSociety18SourceofReferencesTopjournal:OperationsResearch(OR);ManagementScience(MS)Quasi-Topjournal:ManufacturingandServiceOperationsManagement(MSOM)IIETransactions(IIET)NavalResearchLogistics(NRL)MathematicsofOperationsResearch(MOR)Journalofoperationsmanagement(JOM)OperationsResearchLetters(ORL)Majorjournal:EuropeanJournalofOperationalResearch(EJOR)ProductionandOperationsManagement(POM)InternationalJournalofProductionResearch(IJPR)InternationalJournalofProductionEconomics(IJPE)JournaloftheOperationalResearchSociety(JORS)COR(Computers&OR);CIE(Computers&IE)ProductionPlanandControl(PPC)…19OMRelatedJournalsJOM(J.ofOM)