白蓮崖水電站水能規(guī)劃及調(diào)度圖繪制

水利水電工程專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)PAGEII目錄第一章水能規(guī)劃 11.1水文資料分析 11.1.1年徑流頻率分析 11.1.2年徑流及其年內(nèi)分配 31.1.3水庫調(diào)節(jié)性能的判斷 41.2死水位選擇 41.2.1徑流調(diào)節(jié) 41.3裝機(jī)容量選擇 51.3.1最大工作容量的確定 51.3.2必需容量的確定 71.3.3重復(fù)容量的確定 81.3.4裝機(jī)容量的確定 81.3.5電力系統(tǒng)平衡圖 81.4防洪設(shè)計(jì) 91.4.1設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 91.4.2調(diào)洪演算 -1-1.4.3泄流量的計(jì)算 -1-1.4.4百年一遇調(diào)洪計(jì)算 -14-1.5水庫調(diào)度圖的繪制 -21-第二章樞紐布置及擋水、泄水建筑物設(shè)計(jì) -26-2.1樞紐布置 -26-2.2擋水建筑物 -26-2.2.1壩高確定 -26-2.2.2基本剖面設(shè)計(jì) -27-2.2.3實(shí)用剖面 -28-2.2.4廊道設(shè)置 -28-2.2.5壩體排水 -29-2.2.6非溢流壩穩(wěn)定與強(qiáng)度校核 -29-2.3泄水建筑物—砼溢流壩 -34-2.3.1溢流壩剖面設(shè)計(jì) -34-2.3.2壩體廊道及排水設(shè)置 -37-2.3.3溢流壩強(qiáng)度與穩(wěn)定校核 -37-第三章水電站廠房設(shè)計(jì) -42-3.1水頭Hmax、Hmin、Hr選擇 -42-3.1.1最大水頭的確定 -42-3.1.2最小水頭的確定 -42-3.2水輪機(jī)選型設(shè)計(jì) -42-3.3水輪機(jī)外形尺寸計(jì)算 -44-3.3.1蝸殼尺寸 -44-3.3.2尾水管尺寸 -45-3.4有壓式進(jìn)水口布置 -46-3.4.1進(jìn)水口輪廓尺寸計(jì)算 -46-3.4.2進(jìn)水口高程計(jì)算 -46-3.4.3攔污柵布置 -47-3.5水輪機(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)外形尺寸計(jì)算 -47-3.5.1基本尺寸的計(jì)算 -47-3.5.2外形尺寸估算 -48-3.5.3水輪發(fā)電機(jī)總重估算 -49-3.6油壓裝置與調(diào)速器計(jì)算 -50-3.6.1調(diào)速功的計(jì)算 -50-3.6.2導(dǎo)葉接力器容積 -50-3.6.3油壓裝置選擇 -51-3.7廠房布置 -51-3.7.1廠房各層高程確定 -51-3.7.2廠房寬度的確定 -53-3.7.3主廠房長度 -54-3.8副廠房以及其他的相關(guān)的尺寸見水輪機(jī)層發(fā)電機(jī)層的剖面圖。 -55-3.9油系統(tǒng)的布置 -55-3.10供水系統(tǒng) -55-3.11排水系統(tǒng) -55-3.12廠區(qū)布置 -55-PAGE11第一章水能規(guī)劃1.1水文資料分析1.1.1年徑流頻率分析白蓮崖水電站水庫1951年1月至2002年12月期間歷年逐月平均流量見表1-1由于要按水文年度進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)年徑流分析,根據(jù)資料,從大多數(shù)年份的徑流變化特性考慮,確定水文年自每年3月起至次年2月止,得到52個(gè)水文年的逐月徑流系列。通過頻率分析,選配得到較滿意的緊水灘水電站斷面年平均流量頻率曲線,其參數(shù)為=19.5m3/s,cV=0.39,cS=0.78。表1-1各水文年頻率計(jì)算表年份年均流量序號經(jīng)驗(yàn)頻率P=M/(N+1)模比系數(shù)KiKi-1（Ki-1）21991-199241.51.00.022.13291.13291.28351954-195541.52.00.042.12871.12871.27391969-197031.83.00.061.63280.63280.40041983-198431.04.00.081.58950.58950.34761980-198129.85.00.091.53010.53010.28101963-196427.66.00.111.41750.41750.17431975-197627.57.00.131.41370.41370.17111996-199726.28.00.151.34350.34350.11801977-197824.99.00.171.27630.27630.07641956-195724.310.00.191.24640.24640.06071952-195323.511.00.211.20870.20870.04361987-198823.212.00.231.19030.19030.03621953-195423.113.00.251.18730.18730.03511962-196323.114.00.261.18520.18520.03431993-199423.115.00.281.18390.18390.03381989-199023.016.00.301.17960.17960.03231999-200022.717.00.321.16470.16470.02711958-195921.718.00.341.11630.11630.01351964-196521.719.00.361.11590.11590.01341970-197120.820.00.381.06670.06670.00441982-198320.721.00.401.06110.06110.00371981-198220.622.00.421.05940.05940.00351971-197220.323.00.431.04270.04270.00181955-195620.224.00.451.03670.03670.00131960-196120.125.00.471.03370.03370.00111972-197319.626.00.491.00810.00810.00011984-198519.327.00.510.9914-0.00860.00011950-195119.028.00.530.9734-0.02660.00071973-197418.829.00.550.9640-0.03600.00131985-198617.930.00.570.9212-0.07880.00621957-195817.831.00.580.9148-0.08520.00731959-196017.632.00.600.9045-0.09550.00911986-198717.433.00.620.8947-0.10530.01111951-195217.234.00.640.8831-0.11690.01371995-199616.535.00.660.8468-0.15320.02351961-196215.636.00.680.7988-0.20120.04051988-198915.337.00.700.7834-0.21660.04691998-199915.038.00.720.7685-0.23150.05361974-197514.939.00.740.7642-0.23580.05561994-199514.540.00.750.7449-0.25510.06511979-198012.841.00.770.6568-0.34320.11781968-196912.842.00.790.6551-0.34490.11901967-196811.343.00.810.5806-0.41940.17591990-199111.244.00.830.5759-0.42410.17981966-196710.945.00.850.5575-0.44250.19582000-200110.646.00.870.5421-0.45790.20971997-199810.547.00.890.5387-0.46130.21281976-197710.248.00.910.5250-0.47500.22561965-19669.649.00.920.4929-0.50710.25712001-20028.350.00.940.4283-0.57170.32691992-19938.151.00.960.4138-0.58620.34371978-19796.452.00.980.3277-0.67230.4519表1-2頻率曲線選配計(jì)算表頻率P（%）第一次配線第二次配線第三次配線X=19.5Cv=0.39X=19.5Cv=0.39X=19.5Cv=0.39Cs=1.5Cv=0.585Cs=2Cv=0.78Cs=2.5Cv=0.975KpXpKpXpKpXp12.033639.65522.086840.69262.136241.655921.885436.76531.923437.50631.957638.173251.680232.76391.695433.06031.710633.3567101.505429.35531.509229.42941.509229.4294201.30425.4281.296425.27981.292625.2057500.965818.83310.950618.53670.939218.3144750.726414.16480.722614.09070.722614.0907900.540210.53390.555410.83030.566811.0526950.44148.60730.4689.1260.49089.5706990.27045.27280.20964.08720.38067.4217最終取Cs=2Cv,頻率曲線與經(jīng)驗(yàn)點(diǎn)據(jù)配合較好，采用頻率曲線參數(shù)為X=19.5m3/s,Cv=0.39,Cs=Cv=0.78,在頻率曲線上確定設(shè)計(jì)枯水年，設(shè)計(jì)中水年和設(shè)計(jì)豐水年。1.1.2年徑流及其年內(nèi)分配由年平均流量頻率表1-1查得:設(shè)計(jì)枯水年平均流量為Q(P=90%)=10.83m3/s,設(shè)計(jì)平水年平均流量為Q(P=50%)=18.54m3/s,設(shè)計(jì)豐水年平均流量Q(P=10%)=29.43m3/s。按照年徑流量接近及年內(nèi)分配對工程不利的選擇典型年的原則,選擇典型枯水年為1966年3月至1967年2月,典型平水年為1959年3月至1960年2月,典型豐水年為1975年3月至1976年2月，求出設(shè)計(jì)枯水年，設(shè)計(jì)平水年和設(shè)計(jì)豐水年的年徑流過程見表1-3。表1-3設(shè)計(jì)枯、平、豐水年年徑流分配表單位:m3/秒水文年三四五六七八九十十一十二一二年均P=90%13.126.523.116.631.21.31.41.52.72.33.86.510.83P=50%29.343.054.022.119.42.813.82.613.69.67.15.318.54P=10%5.715.625.550.844.4115.418.334.012.210.25.016.129.43現(xiàn)在根據(jù)以上資料，采用歷時(shí)法按等流量調(diào)節(jié)方式，對全部徑流系列進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)計(jì)算，求得逐時(shí)段調(diào)節(jié)流量。當(dāng)不考慮水庫水量損失時(shí)，調(diào)節(jié)流量的計(jì)算公式如下：供水期調(diào)節(jié)流量：Qd=(蓄水期調(diào)節(jié)流量：Qw=(期調(diào)節(jié)流量：Qm=Wt表示第t月入庫水量（m3/s·月表示水庫興利庫容（m3/s·月）；、、分別表示供水期、蓄水期及不蓄不供期的時(shí)間長度（月）；Qd、Qw、Qm分別表示供水期、蓄水期及不蓄不供期的調(diào)節(jié)流量（m3/s）。H=Zu-Zd，為水電站的平均水頭（m），其中，Zu為水庫月平均水位，Zd為水電站月平均下游水位。T=730h；A為水電站出力系數(shù)取為8.5。1.1.3水庫調(diào)節(jié)性能的判斷通常用庫容系數(shù)β（）反映水庫興利調(diào)節(jié)能力。當(dāng)β<2%時(shí)，水庫為日調(diào)節(jié)水庫；當(dāng)2%<β<30%時(shí)，水庫為年調(diào)節(jié)水庫；當(dāng)β>30%事，水庫為多年調(diào)節(jié)水庫。白蓮崖水電站壩址處多年平均流量為19.5m3/s，則多年平均年水量為。該水庫設(shè)計(jì)蓄水位為211m,其相對應(yīng)的庫容為2.2268億m3。擬定以下三個(gè)死水位方案:179m、181m、183m,死水位對應(yīng)的死庫容分別為：、、，所以相對應(yīng)的興利庫容分別為、、,相應(yīng)的庫容系數(shù)β分別為0.272、0.257、0.243,所以該水庫為年調(diào)節(jié)。1.2死水位選擇1.2.1該水庫設(shè)計(jì)蓄水位為211m,經(jīng)徑流調(diào)節(jié)試算，由于該流域天然來水量較少，蓄水不足，故將正常蓄水位定為208m，其相對應(yīng)的庫容為2.0052億m3，對應(yīng)三個(gè)死水位方案:179m、181m、183m的興利庫容分別為、、。分別對3個(gè)典型年在各死水位方案下做徑流調(diào)節(jié)及保證出力計(jì)算成果如下:表1-4死水位179m方案保證出力計(jì)算表月份天然來水Z初Z末上游平均水位Q調(diào)(m3/s)下游水位水頭H出力N(kW)N保(kW)313.1179.0180.5179.7511.03602133.446.354347.91426.5180.5189.2184.8511.03602133.451.454826.33523.1189.2196.5192.8511.03602133.459.455576.77616.6196.5199.9198.2011.03602133.464.86078.64731.2199.9208.0203.9511.03602133.470.556618.0281.3208.0204.3206.1510.68285133.572.656596.925409.3391.4204.3200.5202.4010.68285133.568.906256.415409.33101.5200.5195.3197.9010.68285133.564.405847.795409.33112.7195.3190.6192.9510.68285133.559.455398.315409.33122.3190.6185.7188.1510.68285133.554.654962.455409.3313.8185.7181.6183.6510.68285133.550.154553.835409.3326.5181.6179.0180.3010.68285133.546.804249.645409.33表1-5死水位181m方案保證出力計(jì)算表月份天然來水Z初Z末上游平均水位Q調(diào)(m3/s)下游水位水頭H出力N(kW)N保(kW)313.1181.0182.0181.5011.76133.448.104807.44426.5182.0190.7186.3511.76133.452.955292.18523.1190.7197.4194.0511.76133.460.656061.78616.6197.4200.2198.8011.76133.465.406536.52731.2200.2208.0204.1011.76133.470.707066.2481.3208.0203.8205.9010.17133.472.506265.305234.4691.4203.8200.9202.3510.17133.468.955958.525234.46101.5200.9196.2198.5510.17133.465.155630.135234.46112.7196.2191.8194.0010.17133.460.605236.935234.46122.3191.8187.2189.5010.17133.456.104848.055234.4613.8187.2183.4185.3010.17133.451.904485.095234.4626.5183.4181.0182.2010.17133.448.804217.205234.46表1-6死水位183m方案保證出力計(jì)算表月份天然來水Z初Z末上游平均水位Q調(diào)(m3/s)下游水位水頭H出力N(kW)N保(kW)313.1183.0183.6183.3012.40133.449.905261.51426.5183.6191.9187.7512.40133.454.355730.73523.1191.9198.2195.0512.40133.461.656500.45616.6198.2200.4199.3012.40133.465.906948.57731.2200.4208.0204.2012.40133.470.807465.2381.3208.0203.9205.959.71133.472.555984.905103.9991.4203.9203.9203.909.71133.470.505815.795103.99101.5203.9197.0200.459.71133.467.055531.195103.99112.7197.0192.9194.959.71133.461.555077.475103.99122.3192.9188.6190.759.71133.457.354731.005103.9913.8188.6185.1186.859.71133.453.454409.285103.9926.5185.1183.0184.059.71133.450.654178.295103.99以保證出力最大為原則,選擇死水位為179m的方案,其設(shè)計(jì)死水位較低,水庫調(diào)度靈活,調(diào)節(jié)庫容大,相應(yīng)的調(diào)節(jié)流量也較大,便于滿足用水要求.1.3裝機(jī)容量選擇1.3.1最大工作容量的確定按比例得到各個(gè)月的24小時(shí)的負(fù)荷變化情況，再繪制各月的日電能累積曲線。設(shè)計(jì)負(fù)荷水平年的最大負(fù)荷為62萬kW。表1-7各月典型日最大負(fù)荷變化列表時(shí)序1月2月3月4月5月6月7月8月9月10月11月12月144.9644.0443.4042.4841.5540.6241.5442.4643.4044.3245.2545.88243.7542.8542.1641.2640.3739.4040.3041.2042.1643.0643.9544.64342.5341.6640.9240.0539.1838.1939.0639.9340.9241.7942.6643.40441.3240.4739.6838.8437.9936.9837.8238.6639.6840.5241.3742.16543.7542.8540.9240.0539.1838.1939.0639.9340.9241.7942.6644.64644.9644.0443.4042.4841.5540.6241.5442.4643.4044.3245.2545.88748.6147.6245.8844.9043.9343.0444.0245.0045.8846.8647.8349.60853.4752.3848.3647.3346.3045.4746.5047.5348.3649.3950.4254.56958.3357.1453.3252.1951.0549.7150.8451.9753.3254.4555.5959.521055.9054.7652.0850.9749.8648.5049.6050.7052.0853.1954.3057.041153.4752.3849.6048.5447.4946.6847.7448.8049.6050.6651.7154.561251.0450.0048.3647.3346.3045.4746.5047.5348.3649.3950.4252.081348.6147.6247.1246.1245.1144.2545.2646.2747.1248.1249.1349.601449.8248.8149.6048.5447.4946.6847.7448.8049.6050.6651.7150.841551.0450.0050.8449.7648.6847.8948.9850.0750.8451.9253.0052.081652.2551.1952.0850.9749.8648.5049.6050.7052.0853.1954.3053.321754.6853.5753.3252.1951.0549.7150.8451.9753.3254.4555.5955.801857.1155.9555.8054.6153.4352.1453.3254.5055.8056.9958.1758.281960.7659.5258.2857.0455.8054.5655.8057.0458.2859.5260.7662.002059.5458.3357.0455.8354.6153.3554.5655.7757.0458.2559.4760.762157.1155.9554.5653.4052.2450.9252.0853.2454.5655.7256.8858.282254.6853.5753.3252.1951.0549.7150.8451.9753.3254.4555.5955.802349.8248.8149.6048.5447.4946.6847.7448.8049.6050.6651.7150.842447.3946.4345.8844.9043.9342.4443.4044.3645.8846.8647.8348.36電能累積曲線的繪制方法假定三個(gè)最大工作容量方案N"水工、1=6萬kW、N"水工、2=7萬kW、N"水工、3=8萬kW、在各月的典型日電能累積曲線上分別定出相應(yīng)的日電能量Ei，以及相應(yīng)的日平均電能（Ni=Ei/24）、供水期保證出力（E保、供=），繪制各月負(fù)荷柱形圖及其電能累積圖。三個(gè)方案的各月最大工作容量列表如下，由于電站屬于年調(diào)節(jié)的電站，其工作位置是供水期位于系統(tǒng)的峰荷或腰荷位置工作，并以之前所取代表枯水年計(jì)算上述三個(gè)方案的各月的供水期峰荷容量以及各月典型日平均出力。6萬kW方案供水期各月的典型日電量月份8910111212N〞水工1.042.283.524.766.004.763.52Ea1.403.326.7611.2919.9012.876.99Ni0.0580.1380.2820.4700.8290.5360.2910.372萬kWE保1901.954萬kWh7萬kW方案供水期各月的典型日電量月份8910111212N〞水工2.043.284.525.767.005.764.52Ea2.816.1210.4617.0827.4818.7411.89Ni0.1170.2550.4360.7121.1450.7810.4950.563萬kWE保2876.808萬kWh8萬kW方案供水期各月的典型日電量月份8910111212N〞水工3.044.285.526.768.006.765.52Ea5.339.6815.8624.5936.6026.1417.66Ni0.2220.4030.6611.0251.5251.0890.7360.809萬kWE保4132.408萬kWh由以上五個(gè)方案做E保，供～N〞水工曲線，再由年保證電能E保供=N保年T供=0.540933×7×730=2764.17萬kWh查E保，供～N〞水工曲線可得符合保證出力要求的最大工作容量：N"水工=6.8萬kW。圖1-1E保，供～N〞水工曲線1.3.2必需容量的確定系統(tǒng)負(fù)荷備用容量采用系統(tǒng)最大負(fù)荷的5％，及N負(fù)備=5％×N系"＝5％×62＝3.1萬kW。其中水電站擔(dān)任一部分負(fù)荷備用，取N水負(fù)＝1.0萬kW。系統(tǒng)事故備用容量采用系統(tǒng)最大負(fù)荷的10％，及N系事＝62×10％＝6.2萬kW，系統(tǒng)事故備用容量在各電站間可按各類電站最大工作容量的比例分配，N水事＝6.2×6.8/55.2＝0.8萬kW。由此可得水電站必需容量N水必＝N"水工＋N水負(fù)＋N水事＝6.8+1.0+0.8＝8.6萬kW。1.3.3重復(fù)容量的確定h經(jīng)濟(jì)=其中：——水電站補(bǔ)充千瓦造價(jià)，=4300元/kW；——額定資金年收益率，=0.08；n——重復(fù)容量設(shè)備的經(jīng)濟(jì)壽命，n=25年；——水電站補(bǔ)充千瓦容量的年運(yùn)行費(fèi)用率，=3%；——水、火電站發(fā)電比例系數(shù)，=1.05——火電站單位發(fā)電燃料費(fèi)——單位重量燃料到場價(jià)格，=0.38元/kg——火電廠單位電能消耗燃料重量，=0.4kg/kWh即：h經(jīng)濟(jì)=經(jīng)由對全部徑流系列進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)計(jì)算和水能計(jì)算，發(fā)現(xiàn)只有1991-1992、1954-1955、1969-1970年三年每年的7月會(huì)產(chǎn)生棄水，其余月份均小于水電站工作容量，棄水出力多年平均年持續(xù)時(shí)間小于h經(jīng)濟(jì)，故不另設(shè)重復(fù)容量。1.3.4裝機(jī)容量的確定由N裝＝N水必＋N重＝N"水工＋N水負(fù)＋N水事＋N重所以N裝＝6.8+1.0+0.8+0=8.6萬kW該水電站的裝機(jī)容量為8.6萬kW，取單機(jī)容量4.3萬kW。1.3.5電力系統(tǒng)平衡圖詳細(xì)說明見說明書圖1-2電力系統(tǒng)容量平衡圖1.4防洪設(shè)計(jì)1.4.1設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)白蓮崖水電站擬建于東淠（pi）河以上西支的漫水河中游，東支黃尾河已建有磨子潭水庫，下游東淠河建有佛子嶺大型水庫。白蓮崖水電站以發(fā)電為主，兼顧航運(yùn)，放木以及防洪等綜合效益。經(jīng)分析下游保護(hù)對象有六安市霍山縣等，為重要城市，洪水重現(xiàn)期為百年一遇。此外該水電站庫容在1至10億m3之間，裝機(jī)容量為7.4萬kW，主體建筑物高度小于130m，根據(jù)《水利水電樞紐工程等級劃分及設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》，確定該工程屬于大（2）型工程，永久建筑物等級為2級，據(jù)此，永久性水工建筑物的設(shè)計(jì)洪水的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)取為五百年一遇（P=0.2%）,校核洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)取為千年一遇（P=0.1%）。本設(shè)計(jì)以給定水電站水庫壩址斷面頻率分別為1%，0.2%，0.1%的洪水過程線如表1-11

表1-11白蓮崖設(shè)計(jì)洪水過程線流量：m3/s時(shí)段/頻率0.1%0.2%1%12502311842264245195335532926248718076435118110948716207518241244718581633111481641144298491472129488210130311457811111349976801296584857913796700477147436534451569260841516640563384177166294291810018796001912871131771201360119581521144012658632214881308892231536135092124154513579262515301345917261472129488227151413309072815571369933291599140595830164114429843118981668113832215618951292332220195113313420081765120335179615781076361583139194937137112058223812491097748391128991676401006884603時(shí)段/頻率0.1%0.2%1%41885778530421186104271143214018801282442880253117264531372757188046366032172194473800350023004839004000270049400045863150505000490034005165007331386852145991286945005357675000892154530042004312554600380034005643003300300057330030562300583100280020005928002400150060270722001450612490205013506225002000130063245019001300642370200012506524472050120066260021001300673100230018006837903372220069446036002777704981443231837137333280223772338729762030733041267218227426792354160575231720361389762124186612737719311697115778112010378267910119367468090283566555-1.4.2調(diào)洪演算考慮本流域的暴雨特性及相應(yīng)的洪水特性等因素，取水庫防洪限制水位為207m，并作為起調(diào)水位。根據(jù)擬定的溢洪道的尺寸進(jìn)行調(diào)洪計(jì)算溢洪道的形式及堰頂高程的選擇：由于本設(shè)計(jì)下游有防洪的要求，其防洪標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為百年一遇。本水庫屬于大型樞紐，汛期洪水次數(shù)發(fā)生較多，故采用有閘門控制的溢洪道。取溢洪道前緣總凈寬為60m，故取6孔，每孔徑寬10m，根據(jù)規(guī)范取閘門高6m。根據(jù)擬定的溢洪道的尺寸進(jìn)行調(diào)洪計(jì)算。根據(jù)以上計(jì)算條件，采用瞬態(tài)法分別對下游防護(hù)對象及白蓮崖水電站設(shè)計(jì)洪水、校核洪水過程進(jìn)行調(diào)洪計(jì)算，即可確定相應(yīng)的水庫設(shè)計(jì)洪水位和校核洪水位?；居?jì)算公式：(1-4)q=f（V）(1-5)式中：Q、q分別為水庫如庫流量和下泄流量（m3/s），下標(biāo)1、2分別表示時(shí)段初和時(shí)段末的值；V為水庫蓄水量（106m3），下標(biāo)1、2分別表示時(shí)段初和時(shí)段末的值；Δt為時(shí)段長（s）；ΔV為時(shí)段內(nèi)水庫蓄水量的變化量（106m3）。聯(lián)立求解上述二個(gè)方程式，即可求出V2、q2兩個(gè)未知數(shù)。具體計(jì)算步驟如下：（1）根據(jù)水庫容積水位關(guān)系曲線和泄洪建筑物方案，求出水庫下泄流量和庫容之間的關(guān)系。同時(shí)，考慮水電站滿負(fù)荷發(fā)電方式運(yùn)行，求水庫水位與水電站發(fā)電流量之間的關(guān)系。進(jìn)而求得水庫水位與水庫總泄量之間的關(guān)系Z~q。（2）選取適當(dāng)?shù)挠?jì)算時(shí)段，通常以秒為計(jì)算單位。（3）對第一個(gè)時(shí)段進(jìn)行試算。該時(shí)段水位Z1，和相應(yīng)的蓄水量V1，據(jù)此，由Z~q查得相應(yīng)的水庫總泄流量q1。在此基礎(chǔ)上，即可按以下步驟進(jìn)行試算：先假設(shè)一個(gè)Z2值由Z-q查得相應(yīng)的水庫總泄流量q2，代入式（1-4）中求得時(shí)段末蓄水量V2值。然后按此V2值在庫容曲線上查出一個(gè)新的Z’2,再從Z-q上查得新的q’2將Z’2與所設(shè)的Z2值比較。若兩者相等或近似相等，則該Z2為所求的時(shí)段末水位，其所對應(yīng)的總泄量q2值為時(shí)段末泄流量；否則重新假定Z2值，并重復(fù)這一試算過程，直至兩者相等或近似相等為止。（4）將第一時(shí)段的Z2、V2、q2值作為第二時(shí)段末的Z1、V1、q1值，并按（3）的方法進(jìn)行試算，依次類推，直到求出整個(gè)調(diào)洪過程。1.4.3泄流量的計(jì)算根據(jù)需要，泄洪孔取四孔，每孔面積等于6×6m2，洞心高程為180m，溢洪道堰頂高程為202m，排沙孔直徑取3m。（實(shí)際布置時(shí)，壩身泄洪孔布置空間不足，并入排沙孔，并因此多設(shè)置排沙孔。）各流量計(jì)算公式為：排沙孔泄洪孔溢洪道水輪機(jī)以下計(jì)算，流量單位為m3/s，水位為m，水頭為m，溢洪道寬度B=60m時(shí)的調(diào)洪演算成果:表1-12上游水位-總下泄流量關(guān)系曲線(B=60m)Z上Z下h1q1h2q2h3q3h4q4q219150.6368.37194.3392988.2177450.968.4148.010781.39218149.6868.32194.2382949.7166803.268.3148.110095.20217148.7568.25194.1372910.6156175.568.2148.29428.46216147.8568.15194.0362871.0145568.368.1148.58781.80215146.9868.02193.8352830.8134982.568.0148.88155.92214146.1467.86193.6342790.1124418.867.9149.17551.60213145.3467.66193.3332748.8113878.167.7149.56969.74212144.5667.44193.0322706.8103361.567.4150.06411.32211143.8267.18192.6312664.292870.167.2150.65877.49210143.1166.89192.2302620.982405.366.9151.35369.61209142.4266.58191.7292576.871968.766.6152.04889.22208141.7066.30191.3282532.061562.366.3152.64438.22207141.0365.97190.9272486.451188.566.0153.44019.07206140.4965.51190.2262439.94850.465.5154.43634.93205140.0164.99189.5252392.53552.465.0155.73289.98204139.5964.41188.6242344.22300.661864.4157.12990.51203139.3063.70187.6232294.81106.363.7158.82747.49202139.1162.89186.4222244.40062.9160.92591.601.4.4百年一遇調(diào)洪計(jì)算對百年一遇洪水進(jìn)行調(diào)洪計(jì)算時(shí)，起調(diào)水位為防洪限制水位207m，相應(yīng)庫容為193.44×106m3，相應(yīng)下泄能力為4019.07m3/s。當(dāng)入流量小于4019.07m3/s時(shí)，可通過閘門控制下泄流量，使下泄流量等于來水量，維持防洪限制水位。當(dāng)來水量大于4019.07m3/s時(shí)，不能再維持防洪限制水位，水位被迫上升，水庫按下泄能力下泄，所能達(dá)到的最高水位即為防洪高水位，對應(yīng)的流量為下游安全泄量，實(shí)際選用的安全泄量要比計(jì)算值稍小一些，試算得到的下游安全泄量為6056.86m3/s,取用安全泄量為5800m3/s.1.4.4.1防洪高水位的計(jì)算表1-13防洪高水位計(jì)算表1%洪水過程線，設(shè)計(jì)洪水位計(jì)算時(shí)間來水量QQ平均泄水量qq平均△v(萬m3)v(萬m3)z上v查1184184.0019344207.002195189.5195.00189.500.019344207.003262228.5262.00228.500.019344207.004643452.5643.00452.500.019344207.005871757.0871.00757.000.019344207.00612441057.51244.001057.500.019344207.00711141179.01114.001179.000.019344207.0089841049.0984.001049.000.019344207.009882933.0882.00933.000.019344207.0010781831.5781.00831.500.019344207.0011680730.5680.00730.500.019344207.0012579629.5579.00629.500.019344207.0013477528.0477.00528.000.019344207.0014445461.0445.00461.000.019344207.0015415430.0415.00430.000.019344207.0016384399.5384.00399.500.019344207.0017429406.5429.00406.500.019344207.0018600514.5600.00514.500.019344207.0019771685.5771.00685.500.019344207.0020815793.0815.00793.000.019344207.0021863839.0863.00839.000.019344207.0022892877.5892.00877.500.019344207.0023921906.5921.00906.500.019344207.0024926923.5926.00923.500.019344207.0025917921.5917.00921.500.019344207.0026882899.5882.00899.500.019344207.0027907894.5907.00894.500.019344207.0028933920.0933.00920.000.019344207.0029958945.5958.00945.500.019344207.0030984971.0984.00971.000.019344207.003111381061.01138.001061.000.019344207.003212921215.01292.001215.000.019344207.003313311311.51331.001311.500.019344207.003412031267.01203.001267.000.019344207.003510761139.51076.001139.500.019344207.00369491012.5949.001012.500.019344207.0037822885.5822.00885.500.019344207.0038748785.0748.00785.000.019344207.0039676712.0676.00712.000.019344207.0040603639.5603.00639.500.019344207.0041530566.5530.00566.500.019344207.0042711620.5711.00620.500.019344207.00431282996.51282.00996.500.019344207.004417261504.01726.001504.000.019344207.00193444518801803.01880.001803.000.019344207.00193444621942037.02194.002037.000.019344207.00193444723002247.02300.002247.000.019344207.00193444827002500.02700.002500.000.019344207.00193444931502925.03150.002925.000.019344207.00193445034003275.03400.003275.000.019344207.00193445138683634.03868.003634.000.019344207.00193445245004184.04500.004184.000.019344207.00193445389216710.55250.104875.05660.820004.76207.9320004.5653.72245591.4587256.25591.575420.83477.320482.08208.6120482.365443124951.75547.255569.41-61.720420.35208.5220420.685534003856.05165.285356.27-540.119880.26207.7619879.965630003200.04213.954689.61-536.319344207.00193445723002650.02300.002650.000.019344207.00193445820002150.02000.002150.000.019344207.00193445915001750.01500.001750.000.019344207.00193446014501475.01450.001475.000.019344207.00193446113501400.01350.001400.000.019344207.00193446213001325.01300.001325.000.019344207.00193446313001300.01300.001300.000.019344207.00193446412501275.01250.001275.000.019344207.00193446512001225.01200.001225.000.019344207.00193446613001250.01300.001250.000.019344207.00193446718001550.01800.001550.000.019344207.00193446822002000.02200.002000.000.019344207.00193446927772488.52777.002488.500.019344207.00193447031832980.03183.002980.000.019344207.00193447122372710.02237.002710.000.019344207.00193447220302133.52030.002133.500.019344207.00193447318221926.01822.001926.000.019344207.00193447416051713.51605.001713.500.019344207.00193447513891497.01389.001497.000.019344207.00193447612731331.01273.001331.000.019344207.00193447711571215.01157.001215.000.019344207.001934478826991.5826.00991.500.019344207.001934479746786.0746.00786.000.019344207.001934480665705.5665.00705.500.019344207.00193441.4.4.2設(shè)計(jì)洪水位的計(jì)算表1-14設(shè)計(jì)洪水位計(jì)算表0.2%洪水過程線，設(shè)計(jì)洪水位計(jì)算時(shí)間來水量QQ平均泄水量qq平均△v(萬m3)v(萬m3)z上v查1231231.0019344207.002245238.0245.00238.000.019344207.003329287.0329.00287.000.019344207.004807568.0807.00568.000.019344207.0051094950.51094.00950.500.019344207.00618241459.01824.001459.000.019344207.00716331728.51633.001728.500.019344207.00814421537.51442.001537.500.019344207.00912941368.01294.001368.000.019344207.001011451219.51145.001219.500.019344207.00119971071.0997.001071.000.019344207.0012848922.5848.00922.500.019344207.0013700774.0700.00774.000.019344207.0014653676.5653.00676.500.019344207.0015608630.5608.00630.500.019344207.0016563585.5563.00585.500.019344207.0017629596.0629.00596.000.019344207.0018879754.0879.00754.000.019344207.001911311005.01131.001005.000.019344207.002011951163.01195.001163.000.019344207.002112651230.01265.001230.000.019344207.002213081286.51308.001286.500.019344207.002313501329.01350.001329.000.019344207.002413571353.51357.001353.500.019344207.002513451351.01345.001351.000.019344207.002612941319.51294.001319.500.019344207.002713301312.01330.001312.000.019344207.002813691349.51369.001349.500.019344207.002914051387.01405.001387.000.019344207.003014421423.51442.001423.500.019344207.003116681555.01668.001555.000.019344207.003218951781.51895.001781.500.019344207.003319511923.01951.001923.000.019344207.003417651858.01765.001858.000.019344207.003515781671.51578.001671.500.019344207.003613911484.51391.001484.500.019344207.003712051298.01205.001298.000.019344207.003810971151.01097.001151.000.019344207.00399911044.0991.001044.000.019344207.0040884937.5884.00937.500.019344207.0041778831.0778.00831.000.019344207.00421042910.01042.00910.000.019344207.004318801461.01880.001461.000.019344207.004425312205.52531.002205.500.019344207.00193444527572644.02757.002644.000.019344207.00193444632172987.03217.002987.000.019344207.00193444735003358.53500.003358.500.019344207.00193444840003750.04000.003750.000.019344207.00193444945864293.04586.004293.000.019344207.00193445049004743.04811.534698.7715.919359.92207.0219360.285173316115.55095.884953.71418.219778.17207.611977851.54610354.758842.95400.005247.94706.620484.79208.6120484.49521286911611.95400.005400.001015.321500.06210.0421500.3252.94925399.7459134.45400.005400.001276.122776.14211.6422776.335350005199.95400.005400.00-3.722772.48211.6322772.345442004600.05400.005400.00-288.022484.48211.2722484.265538004000.05400.005400.00-504.021980.48210.6421980.725633003550.05400.005400.00-666.021314.48209.7821314.735730563178.05400.005400.00-799.920514.56208.6520514.275828002928.05036.125218.06-824.419690.14207.4919690.215924002600.02086.903561.51-346.119344207.00193446022002300.02200.002300.000.019344207.00193446120502125.02050.002125.000.019344207.00193446220002025.02000.002025.000.019344207.00193446319001950.01900.001950.000.019344207.00193446420001950.02000.001950.000.019344207.00193446520502025.02050.002025.000.019344207.00193446621002075.02100.002075.000.019344207.00193446723002200.02300.002200.000.019344207.00193446833722836.03372.002836.000.019344207.00193446936003486.03600.003486.000.019344207.00193447044324016.04432.004016.000.019344207.00193447132803856.03280.003856.000.019344207.00193447229763128.02976.003128.000.019344207.00193447326722824.02672.002824.000.019344207.00193447423542513.02354.002513.000.019344207.00193447520362195.02036.002195.000.019344207.00193447618661951.01866.001951.000.019344207.00193447716971781.51697.001781.500.019344207.00193447810371367.01037.001367.000.019344207.001934479936986.5936.00986.500.019344207.001934480835885.5835.00885.500.019344207.00193441.4.4.3校核洪水位的計(jì)算表1-15校核洪水位計(jì)算表0.1%洪水過程線，設(shè)計(jì)洪水位計(jì)算時(shí)間來水量QQ平均泄水量qq平均△v(萬m3)v(萬m3)z上v查1250250.0019344207.002264257.0264.00257.000.019344207.003355309.5355.00309.500.019344207.004871613.0871.00613.000.019344207.00511811026.01181.001026.000.019344207.00620751628.02075.001628.000.019344207.00718581966.51858.001966.500.019344207.00816411749.51641.001749.500.019344207.00914721556.51472.001556.500.019344207.001013031387.51303.001387.500.019344207.001111341218.51134.001218.500.019344207.00129651049.5965.001049.500.019344207.0013796880.5796.00880.500.019344207.0014743769.5743.00769.500.019344207.0015692717.5692.00717.500.019344207.0016640666.0640.00666.000.019344207.0017716678.0716.00678.000.019344207.00181001858.51001.00858.500.019344207.001912871144.01287.001144.000.019344207.002013601323.51360.001323.500.019344207.002114401400.01440.001400.000.019344207.002214881464.01488.001464.000.019344207.002315361512.01536.001512.000.019344207.002415451540.51545.001540.500.019344207.002515301537.51530.001537.500.019344207.002614721501.01472.001501.000.019344207.002715141493.01514.00149