新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語1-Unit-7課文詳解課課件

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationWehavetwoearsandonemouthsothatwecanlistentwiceasmuchaswespeak.EpictetusAGreekStoic（禁欲主義）philosopherQuestionforU:DoyouagreewithEpictetus?Stateyourreasons..Unit7RelationshipsandComm1

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationDoyouthinkthatinterpersonalskillsareveryimportantatschoolandatwork?Pleaseshareusyouropinions.Interpersonalskillsshouldbeconsideredveryimportantbothatschoolandatwork.Goodinterpersonalskills

enhancerelationshipswithfellowstudentsorcolleaguesandhelpbuildapleasantenvironmentforalltoworkin.Conversely,

poorinterpersonalskillscanoftenleadto

coldnessandevenhostilitybetweenoneanotherandmayleadtoinefficiencyinstudyoratwork..Unit7RelationshipsandComm2

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationUnit7RelationshipsandCommunicationKangMinTextAHowWellCanWeListen?TextBWhatWeCanDotoImproveHumanRelationships.Unit7RelationshipsandComm3

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationPartsMainIdeas12-45-78Theriseoftheissue:people’scomplaintsaboutothers’notlistening;thepossibleconsequencesoftheproblem.Theanalysisofthereasonsforthefailureincommunication:misunderstandingresultingfrompoorlistening.Howwecanbegoodlisteners.Conclusion:restatementoftheimportanceoflistening..Unit7RelationshipsandComm4

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationHowWellCanWeListen?KathleenT.McWhorter1.Itisnotuncommontohearpeoplecomplainingthatnoonelistenstothemandnooneunderstandsthem.Suchcomplaintscomenotonlyfromkidsbutalsofromadults.Howoftenisthisavitalcauseinthefailureofpersonalrelationships?Howoftendoesitcontributetobrokenhomes?Howoftendowehearofamarriedcouplewhofailtohavecommunication,orofchildrenwhofeeldeserted?Itseemssomethingmusthavegonewrong.我們時(shí)常聽到人們抱怨說沒有人聆聽他們，沒有人能理解他們。這樣的抱怨不僅出自孩童之口，也出自成人之口。人際關(guān)系不和諧，這不往往是個(gè)重要原因嗎？家庭破裂，不也往往拜其所賜嗎？我們不也還常常聽說夫妻之間無法交流，孩子感覺被遺棄嗎？看來這其中一定出了什么問題。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm5

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication2.Expertstendtoresorttotheterm“generationgap”toexplaintheconflictsbetweenparentsandchildren.Canthistermbeappliedtothecasesmentionedabove?Thoughtheremightberoomforhesitationintheadoptionofitwhen“generation”istakenintoaccount,itisfarfromwrongtoborrowtherestinmakingananalysis.Thereareboundtobedifferences,orgaps,intheopinionsoftwopeoplethatgiverisetoconflicts,andwaystoreducethemarebynomeanseasytobesought,butitisequallytruetosaythatthereisboundtobeasolutiontoeveryproblem.Partofthesolutiontohumanconflictsistoavoidmisunderstanding.每當(dāng)父母和孩子之間發(fā)生沖突的時(shí)候，專家們往往會(huì)用“代溝”這一術(shù)語來解釋。那么這個(gè)術(shù)語能否用于上面提到的情況呢？當(dāng)然，如果細(xì)究“代”的本義，那么這算不上特別貼切，但是大可借用該術(shù)語的其他涵義來分析問題。兩個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)之所以會(huì)引起紛爭(zhēng)，肯定因?yàn)榇嬖诜制?，而要設(shè)法減少分歧又談何容易！但是我們也同樣可以說，每個(gè)問題肯定都會(huì)有辦法解決。人際沖突的部分解決辦法是避免誤解。

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Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication

3.Misunderstandingoftenarisesfromalackofcommunication.Curiouslyenough,inamodernsocietywherenotafewadvancedtechnologicalmeansofcommunicationsuchasthemobilephoneandpagerhavebeendeveloped,peoplearestillconfrontedwiththisproblem.Investigationsshowthattechnologicalinventionsdohelpfacilitatehumancommunication.Theyalsoshowthatwhiletherearemoreopportunitiesforpersonalcontact,especiallythroughverbalcommunication,manypeoplestillfindtheirlistenersdonotlistentothem.Clearly,somethingiswrongwiththeirlisteningability.誤解常常源于缺乏交流。令人納悶的是，在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，雖然發(fā)明了不少先進(jìn)的通訊工具，如移動(dòng)電話和傳呼機(jī)，但是人們?nèi)匀幻媾R這樣的問題。研究表明，科技發(fā)明確實(shí)有助于人與人之間的交流。研究也同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然人與人之間接觸的機(jī)會(huì)增加了，特別是言語交流的機(jī)會(huì)增加了，許多人仍然發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有人真正聆聽他們說話。很顯然，人們的聆聽能力出了問題。

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Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication4.Peoplemaywonderwhytheirlisteningabilityisundesirablewhentheirhearingabilityisphysicallysound.Thisisabasicmistakeweoftenmake.Veryoftenhearingisconfusedwithlistening,astheyaresocloselyrelated.Believingthathearingisaphysiologicalfunction,whichcomestousnaturally,wetakeitforgrantedthatlisteningdoesnotrequiremucheffort.Expertsinthefieldofcommunicationsarequicktoattackthisbelief.Intheirview,listeningrequireshardworkandenergy.Whenpeoplearelistening,theyhavequickerheartbeatsandfasterbloodcirculation.Goodlistening,theythink,isnotassimpleasitmightseem.人們也許會(huì)問，為什么聽覺沒有問題而他們的聆聽能力卻不如人意呢？這就是我們常犯的錯(cuò)誤：因?yàn)槁犛X能力和聆聽能力的關(guān)系如此緊密，我們經(jīng)常把兩者混淆。我們會(huì)認(rèn)為聽覺能力是一種生理功能，是與生俱來的，所以我們想當(dāng)然地以為聆聽不需要付出特別的努力。對(duì)于這種觀點(diǎn)，交流領(lǐng)域的專家會(huì)毫不猶豫地加于指正。在他們看來，聆聽既費(fèi)神又費(fèi)力。人們聆聽時(shí)心跳加速，血液循環(huán)也會(huì)加快。專家認(rèn)為，認(rèn)真的聆聽并不是我們想象的那么簡(jiǎn)單。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm8

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication5.Tobecomeagoodlistenerbeginswithconcentration.Thatlookseasyonthesurface.Intoomanycases,wehavetolistentootherpeoplewithphysicalandmentaldistractionsaroundus.Theringofthetelephone,theslamofadoororotherhumanvoicesaresomeofthecommonphysicaldistractions.Thementaldistractionsinone’sownmind,ontheotherhand,aremuchmoredifficulttoovercome,formanyreasons.Aspeakermaynotbeabletokeeppacewiththeworkingofthelistener’smind.Theaverageperson’srateofthinkingisfasterthantheaveragerateofspeech.Withmuchfreetimeleftattheirdisposal,thelistenersarelikelytobecarriedawaybytheirownthoughtsandtheysoonlosetheirway.Thatiswheretheproblemlies:listeningtooquickly..Unit7RelationshipsandComm9

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication5.要成為好的聆聽者首先需要集中注意力。這表面上看起來很簡(jiǎn)單。在很多情況下，我們聽別人說話時(shí)，周圍都有外界的和心理的干擾，電話鈴聲、關(guān)門聲、其他人的聲音是一些我們常見的外界干擾。但是心理的干擾更難克服。這里面的原因很多，說話人可能無法跟上聽話人思想的速度。常人的思考速度要比說話的平均速度快得多。當(dāng)聽話人有很多自由時(shí)間支配的時(shí)候，他們就可能會(huì)太專注自己的思緒而很快就不知道說話人說到什么地方了。這就是問題的所在：聽得太快！.Unit7RelationshipsandComm10

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication6.Sometimes,thelistenertendstoskippartofwhatisbeingsaidunconsciously.Sinceeachpersonhashisownrangeofinterests,whenthespeakertalksaboutsomethingthatisofnopersonalinterestorconcerntohim,hewould“switchoffthetalking.”Thoughhemightnodhisheadorrespondwithgestures,hismindiswandering.Thisautomaticcontrolexercisesitsinfluenceespeciallywhenthetopicistooboring.有時(shí)候，聽話人會(huì)下意識(shí)地跳過說話人的一些談話。每個(gè)人都有自己的興趣愛好，如果說話人談?wù)撘恍┞犜捜瞬桓信d趣或與聽話人無關(guān)的事情，聽話人就會(huì)“關(guān)掉談話”。雖然聽話人可能還會(huì)點(diǎn)頭或用其他肢體語言回應(yīng)，他的思緒卻游移到別的事情上去了。這種自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)的作用在談話內(nèi)容太枯燥的時(shí)候尤其明顯。

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Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication7.Otherpsychologicalfactorsalsocomeintoplay.Aperson’sfeelingtowardsthespeakercanaffecthislisteningability.Ifhehasapoor

impression

ofthespeaker,becauseofhisappearanceorwhatever,itisquitenaturalthathewouldnottuneintothewordsofthespeaker.其他心理因素也同樣會(huì)起作用。一個(gè)人對(duì)說話人的印象也會(huì)影響他的理解能力，如果聽者對(duì)說話人的印象不好，比如由于說話人的相貌或某些原因，那他自然就不會(huì)去認(rèn)真聆聽說話人說的內(nèi)容。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm12

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication8.Verbalcommunicationisagoodmeansforpeopletounderstandeachother.Whathastobeborneinmindisthat,toensurethatgoodcommunicationtakesplace,talkingandhearingarejustnotenough.Whenwehearpeoplecomplainthatnoonelistenstothemornooneunderstandsthem,weshouldbeabletoprovideanacceptableexplanation.言語交流是人們相互了解的很好方式。但是值得我們注意的是要確保交流的順利進(jìn)行，光憑說和聽是不夠的，當(dāng)聽到有人抱怨沒人聽他們說話或沒人理解他們的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)該能夠給他們一個(gè)合理的解釋。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm13

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationTheriseoftheissue(people’scomplaints)Furtherreason:lackofgoodlisteningBenefitsofgoodlisteningHowtobeagoodlistenerConclusion↓↓↓↓Thereasons:differencesinopinion;misunderstanding↓.Unit7RelationshipsandComm141.人際關(guān)系personalrelationships2.促成contributeto3.感覺受冷落feeldeserted4.往往tendto5.借助resortto6.考慮在內(nèi)takeintoaccount7.一定會(huì)beboundto8.引起giveriseto9.避免誤解avoidmisunderstanding10.缺乏交流lackofcommunication.1.人際關(guān)系personalrelationships21513.生理功能physiologicalfunction14.血液流通bloodcirculation15.跟上keeppacewith16.任某人處置atone’sdisposal17.心理因素psychologicalfactors18.起作用comeintoplay19.忘乎所以becarriedaway20.牢記bear…inmind11.面臨beconfrontedwith12.言語交流verbalcommunication.13.生理功能physiologicalfunction16

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication2.vital:adj.

extremelyimportantandnecessaryforsomethingtosucceedorexistRegularexerciseisvitalforyourhealth.旅游業(yè)對(duì)于國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)來說是至關(guān)重要的。Thetouristindustryisofvitalimportancetothenationaleconomy.NB:vitality

n.生命力，活力.Unit7RelationshipsandComm17

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationWordsSplain:1.vi.expressfeelingsofpain,dissatisfaction,orresentment2.vt.expressdissatisfactionorresentmentManypatientscomplainofheadachesanddifficultyinsleepingwhentheytakethisdrug.員工們抱怨工資過低而且福利差。Theemployeescomplainedthatthewagesweretoolowandthebenefitswereinadequate.NB:complain→complaintn..Unit7RelationshipsandComm18

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication4.desert:vt.

leaveatadifficulttimeorinacruelway,esp.withtheintentionofnotreturningMrs.Smithwasdesertedbyherhusbandandhadtosupportfourchildrenonherown..Unit7RelationshipsandComm19

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication3.contribute:1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orconditionAnincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.2.vt.givemoney,help,ideas,etc.tosomething1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orconditionAnincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orcondition2.vt.givemoney,help,ideas,etc.tosomethingAnincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orconditionThevolunteerscontributetheirowntimetotheproject.2.vt.givemoney,help,ideas,etc.tosomethingAnincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orcondition.Unit7RelationshipsandComm20

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication5.resort:1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)makeuseof;turnto(oftensomethingbad)forhelpManyhomelessteenagersresorttostealingwhentheirmoneyrunsout.2.n.aplacefrequentedbypeopleforrelaxationorrecreationahealthresortapleasureresortasummerresortatouristresort療養(yǎng)地游樂勝地避暑地旅游勝地3.n.theactofturningtosomethingforaidorrelief;recourse反復(fù)實(shí)踐是取得真知的方法。Repeatedpracticeistheresortofgaininggenuineknowledge..Unit7RelationshipsandComm21

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication6.apply:1.vt.(usuallyfollowedbyfor)requestorseekassistance,employment,oradmissionSheappliedforajobwiththelocalnewspaper.2.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)bepertinentorrelevant勤儉節(jié)約的原則適用于一切事業(yè)。Theprincipleofdiligenceandthriftappliestoallundertakings.3.vt.puttooradaptforaspecialuseWeshouldlearntoapplybookknowledgetosocialpractice.applyv.

applicationn.applicableadj.

appliedadj.

申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用適用的；可申請(qǐng)的應(yīng)用的.Unit7RelationshipsandComm228.analysis:n.

(pl.analyses)examinationofsomethingtogetherwiththoughtsandjudgmentsaboutitUnit7RelationshipsandCommunication7.takeintoaccount:(alsotakeaccountof/takeintoconsideration)considerorincludeparticularfactsordetailswhenmakingadecisionorjudgmentaboutsomethingThesefiguresdonottakeintoaccountthechangesintherateofinflation.NB:analyzevt.

analysisn.

analyticadj.

analystn.分析分析分析的分析家.8.analysis:n.Unit7Relatio23

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication9.bound:1.adj.verylikely;certain建立在金錢基礎(chǔ)上的婚姻肯定要破裂的。Tlingtowardsaparticularplaceorinaparticulardirection這列火車是開往上海的。ThistrainisboundforShanghai.beboundfor(aplace)beboundtodosth.Collocation（搭配）:前往某地必定,一定.Unit7RelationshipsandComm24

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication10.arise:vi.

(arose,arisen)[usuallyfollowedbyfrom,outof]comeintobeingorbegintobenoticed;happen;appear疏忽大意往往會(huì)引起事故的發(fā)生。Accidentsoftenarisefromcarelessness.arise:是不及物動(dòng)詞，意思主要指“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生”（后接from形成詞組，意為“起因于”）。例如：Anewdifficultyhasarisen.出現(xiàn)了新的困難。arouse:是及物動(dòng)詞，意思主要指“喚醒，喚起，引起”。例如:Theoddsightarousedourcuriosity.奇怪的景象激起我們的好奇。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm25

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication11.confront:vt.

comefacetofacewith,especiallywithdefianceorhostilitySheconfrontedthevitalquestionofbeingbankrupt.

她面臨要破產(chǎn)的重大問題。12.facilitate:vt.

makeeasyoreasier;help新建的地鐵將便于人們?nèi)コ鞘懈魈?。Thenewundergroundrailwaywillfacilitatethejourneytoallpartsofthecity.Dividingstudentsintosmallgroupsusuallyhelpsfacilitatediscussion..Unit7RelationshipsandComm2614.keeppacewith:move,increase,change,etc.atthesamespeedassb./sth.Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication13.distraction:n.

somethingorsomeonethatdistracts,esp.anamusement宿舍里使人分心的事物太多，使我難以集中精力學(xué)習(xí)。Therearetoomanydistractionsinthedormformetoconcentrateonmystudy.工資的提高是否與通貨膨脹同步？Arewageskeepingpacewithinflation?Thesupplyofmaterialscannotkeeppacewiththedemand..14.keeppacewith:Unit7Rela27

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication15.disposal:n.

theactofgettingridofsomething;removalHisdisposalofthedifficultypleasedeverybody.atone’sdisposal和at(或in)one’sdisposition

都表示“由某人任意支配”，即想怎么處置就怎么處置。然而前者特別強(qiáng)調(diào)兩點(diǎn)：①任意使用；②任憑某人的指揮。他對(duì)這個(gè)困難的處理使大家都感到滿意。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm28

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication16.ensure:vt.

make(something)certaintohappen我們可以保證把工作做好。Wecanensurethattheworkwillbedoneintherightway.ensure,assure&insureAletterofintroductionwillensureyouaninterview.

Icanassureyouofthereliabilityofthenews.Myhouseisinsuredagainstfire.

我可以向你保證這消息是可靠的。憑一封介紹信準(zhǔn)保你會(huì)受到接待。我的房子保了火險(xiǎn)。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm291.See,listen,andbesilent,andyouwillliveinpeace.多看多聽少多嘴，你會(huì)太平過日子。2.Thewisemanisalwaysagoodlistener.智者善聽人言。3.Tomakeenemies,talk;tomakefriends,listen.要成仇敵，多講；要成朋友，多聽。4.Iliketolisten.Ihavelearnedagreatdealfromlisteningcarefully.Mostpeopleneverlisten.—ErnestHemingway,Americanwriter我喜歡傾聽。從仔細(xì)聆聽中我學(xué)到了很多。大多數(shù)人從不傾聽。

——

美國(guó)作家E.海明威ProverbsandQuotations.1.See,listen,andbesilent,30

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationThanksforYourAttention!.Unit7RelationshipsandComm31

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationWehavetwoearsandonemouthsothatwecanlistentwiceasmuchaswespeak.EpictetusAGreekStoic（禁欲主義）philosopherQuestionforU:DoyouagreewithEpictetus?Stateyourreasons..Unit7RelationshipsandComm32

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationDoyouthinkthatinterpersonalskillsareveryimportantatschoolandatwork?Pleaseshareusyouropinions.Interpersonalskillsshouldbeconsideredveryimportantbothatschoolandatwork.Goodinterpersonalskills

enhancerelationshipswithfellowstudentsorcolleaguesandhelpbuildapleasantenvironmentforalltoworkin.Conversely,

poorinterpersonalskillscanoftenleadto

coldnessandevenhostilitybetweenoneanotherandmayleadtoinefficiencyinstudyoratwork..Unit7RelationshipsandComm33

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationUnit7RelationshipsandCommunicationKangMinTextAHowWellCanWeListen?TextBWhatWeCanDotoImproveHumanRelationships.Unit7RelationshipsandComm34

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationPartsMainIdeas12-45-78Theriseoftheissue:people’scomplaintsaboutothers’notlistening;thepossibleconsequencesoftheproblem.Theanalysisofthereasonsforthefailureincommunication:misunderstandingresultingfrompoorlistening.Howwecanbegoodlisteners.Conclusion:restatementoftheimportanceoflistening..Unit7RelationshipsandComm35

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationHowWellCanWeListen?KathleenT.McWhorter1.Itisnotuncommontohearpeoplecomplainingthatnoonelistenstothemandnooneunderstandsthem.Suchcomplaintscomenotonlyfromkidsbutalsofromadults.Howoftenisthisavitalcauseinthefailureofpersonalrelationships?Howoftendoesitcontributetobrokenhomes?Howoftendowehearofamarriedcouplewhofailtohavecommunication,orofchildrenwhofeeldeserted?Itseemssomethingmusthavegonewrong.我們時(shí)常聽到人們抱怨說沒有人聆聽他們，沒有人能理解他們。這樣的抱怨不僅出自孩童之口，也出自成人之口。人際關(guān)系不和諧，這不往往是個(gè)重要原因嗎？家庭破裂，不也往往拜其所賜嗎？我們不也還常常聽說夫妻之間無法交流，孩子感覺被遺棄嗎？看來這其中一定出了什么問題。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm36

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication2.Expertstendtoresorttotheterm“generationgap”toexplaintheconflictsbetweenparentsandchildren.Canthistermbeappliedtothecasesmentionedabove?Thoughtheremightberoomforhesitationintheadoptionofitwhen“generation”istakenintoaccount,itisfarfromwrongtoborrowtherestinmakingananalysis.Thereareboundtobedifferences,orgaps,intheopinionsoftwopeoplethatgiverisetoconflicts,andwaystoreducethemarebynomeanseasytobesought,butitisequallytruetosaythatthereisboundtobeasolutiontoeveryproblem.Partofthesolutiontohumanconflictsistoavoidmisunderstanding.每當(dāng)父母和孩子之間發(fā)生沖突的時(shí)候，專家們往往會(huì)用“代溝”這一術(shù)語來解釋。那么這個(gè)術(shù)語能否用于上面提到的情況呢？當(dāng)然，如果細(xì)究“代”的本義，那么這算不上特別貼切，但是大可借用該術(shù)語的其他涵義來分析問題。兩個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)之所以會(huì)引起紛爭(zhēng)，肯定因?yàn)榇嬖诜制?，而要設(shè)法減少分歧又談何容易！但是我們也同樣可以說，每個(gè)問題肯定都會(huì)有辦法解決。人際沖突的部分解決辦法是避免誤解。

.Unit7RelationshipsandComm37

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication

3.Misunderstandingoftenarisesfromalackofcommunication.Curiouslyenough,inamodernsocietywherenotafewadvancedtechnologicalmeansofcommunicationsuchasthemobilephoneandpagerhavebeendeveloped,peoplearestillconfrontedwiththisproblem.Investigationsshowthattechnologicalinventionsdohelpfacilitatehumancommunication.Theyalsoshowthatwhiletherearemoreopportunitiesforpersonalcontact,especiallythroughverbalcommunication,manypeoplestillfindtheirlistenersdonotlistentothem.Clearly,somethingiswrongwiththeirlisteningability.誤解常常源于缺乏交流。令人納悶的是，在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，雖然發(fā)明了不少先進(jìn)的通訊工具，如移動(dòng)電話和傳呼機(jī)，但是人們?nèi)匀幻媾R這樣的問題。研究表明，科技發(fā)明確實(shí)有助于人與人之間的交流。研究也同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然人與人之間接觸的機(jī)會(huì)增加了，特別是言語交流的機(jī)會(huì)增加了，許多人仍然發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有人真正聆聽他們說話。很顯然，人們的聆聽能力出了問題。

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Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication4.Peoplemaywonderwhytheirlisteningabilityisundesirablewhentheirhearingabilityisphysicallysound.Thisisabasicmistakeweoftenmake.Veryoftenhearingisconfusedwithlistening,astheyaresocloselyrelated.Believingthathearingisaphysiologicalfunction,whichcomestousnaturally,wetakeitforgrantedthatlisteningdoesnotrequiremucheffort.Expertsinthefieldofcommunicationsarequicktoattackthisbelief.Intheirview,listeningrequireshardworkandenergy.Whenpeoplearelistening,theyhavequickerheartbeatsandfasterbloodcirculation.Goodlistening,theythink,isnotassimpleasitmightseem.人們也許會(huì)問，為什么聽覺沒有問題而他們的聆聽能力卻不如人意呢？這就是我們常犯的錯(cuò)誤：因?yàn)槁犛X能力和聆聽能力的關(guān)系如此緊密，我們經(jīng)常把兩者混淆。我們會(huì)認(rèn)為聽覺能力是一種生理功能，是與生俱來的，所以我們想當(dāng)然地以為聆聽不需要付出特別的努力。對(duì)于這種觀點(diǎn)，交流領(lǐng)域的專家會(huì)毫不猶豫地加于指正。在他們看來，聆聽既費(fèi)神又費(fèi)力。人們聆聽時(shí)心跳加速，血液循環(huán)也會(huì)加快。專家認(rèn)為，認(rèn)真的聆聽并不是我們想象的那么簡(jiǎn)單。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm39

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication5.Tobecomeagoodlistenerbeginswithconcentration.Thatlookseasyonthesurface.Intoomanycases,wehavetolistentootherpeoplewithphysicalandmentaldistractionsaroundus.Theringofthetelephone,theslamofadoororotherhumanvoicesaresomeofthecommonphysicaldistractions.Thementaldistractionsinone’sownmind,ontheotherhand,aremuchmoredifficulttoovercome,formanyreasons.Aspeakermaynotbeabletokeeppacewiththeworkingofthelistener’smind.Theaverageperson’srateofthinkingisfasterthantheaveragerateofspeech.Withmuchfreetimeleftattheirdisposal,thelistenersarelikelytobecarriedawaybytheirownthoughtsandtheysoonlosetheirway.Thatiswheretheproblemlies:listeningtooquickly..Unit7RelationshipsandComm40

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication5.要成為好的聆聽者首先需要集中注意力。這表面上看起來很簡(jiǎn)單。在很多情況下，我們聽別人說話時(shí)，周圍都有外界的和心理的干擾，電話鈴聲、關(guān)門聲、其他人的聲音是一些我們常見的外界干擾。但是心理的干擾更難克服。這里面的原因很多，說話人可能無法跟上聽話人思想的速度。常人的思考速度要比說話的平均速度快得多。當(dāng)聽話人有很多自由時(shí)間支配的時(shí)候，他們就可能會(huì)太專注自己的思緒而很快就不知道說話人說到什么地方了。這就是問題的所在：聽得太快！.Unit7RelationshipsandComm41

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication6.Sometimes,thelistenertendstoskippartofwhatisbeingsaidunconsciously.Sinceeachpersonhashisownrangeofinterests,whenthespeakertalksaboutsomethingthatisofnopersonalinterestorconcerntohim,hewould“switchoffthetalking.”Thoughhemightnodhisheadorrespondwithgestures,hismindiswandering.Thisautomaticcontrolexercisesitsinfluenceespeciallywhenthetopicistooboring.有時(shí)候，聽話人會(huì)下意識(shí)地跳過說話人的一些談話。每個(gè)人都有自己的興趣愛好，如果說話人談?wù)撘恍┞犜捜瞬桓信d趣或與聽話人無關(guān)的事情，聽話人就會(huì)“關(guān)掉談話”。雖然聽話人可能還會(huì)點(diǎn)頭或用其他肢體語言回應(yīng)，他的思緒卻游移到別的事情上去了。這種自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)的作用在談話內(nèi)容太枯燥的時(shí)候尤其明顯。

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Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication7.Otherpsychologicalfactorsalsocomeintoplay.Aperson’sfeelingtowardsthespeakercanaffecthislisteningability.Ifhehasapoor

impression

ofthespeaker,becauseofhisappearanceorwhatever,itisquitenaturalthathewouldnottuneintothewordsofthespeaker.其他心理因素也同樣會(huì)起作用。一個(gè)人對(duì)說話人的印象也會(huì)影響他的理解能力，如果聽者對(duì)說話人的印象不好，比如由于說話人的相貌或某些原因，那他自然就不會(huì)去認(rèn)真聆聽說話人說的內(nèi)容。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm43

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication8.Verbalcommunicationisagoodmeansforpeopletounderstandeachother.Whathastobeborneinmindisthat,toensurethatgoodcommunicationtakesplace,talkingandhearingarejustnotenough.Whenwehearpeoplecomplainthatnoonelistenstothemornooneunderstandsthem,weshouldbeabletoprovideanacceptableexplanation.言語交流是人們相互了解的很好方式。但是值得我們注意的是要確保交流的順利進(jìn)行，光憑說和聽是不夠的，當(dāng)聽到有人抱怨沒人聽他們說話或沒人理解他們的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)該能夠給他們一個(gè)合理的解釋。.Unit7RelationshipsandComm44

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationTheriseoftheissue(people’scomplaints)Furtherreason:lackofgoodlisteningBenefitsofgoodlisteningHowtobeagoodlistenerConclusion↓↓↓↓Thereasons:differencesinopinion;misunderstanding↓.Unit7RelationshipsandComm451.人際關(guān)系personalrelationships2.促成contributeto3.感覺受冷落feeldeserted4.往往tendto5.借助resortto6.考慮在內(nèi)takeintoaccount7.一定會(huì)beboundto8.引起giveriseto9.避免誤解avoidmisunderstanding10.缺乏交流lackofcommunication.1.人際關(guān)系personalrelationships24613.生理功能physiologicalfunction14.血液流通bloodcirculation15.跟上keeppacewith16.任某人處置atone’sdisposal17.心理因素psychologicalfactors18.起作用comeintoplay19.忘乎所以becarriedaway20.牢記bear…inmind11.面臨beconfrontedwith12.言語交流verbalcommunication.13.生理功能physiologicalfunction47

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication2.vital:adj.

extremelyimportantandnecessaryforsomethingtosucceedorexistRegularexerciseisvitalforyourhealth.旅游業(yè)對(duì)于國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)來說是至關(guān)重要的。Thetouristindustryisofvitalimportancetothenationaleconomy.NB:vitality

n.生命力，活力.Unit7RelationshipsandComm48

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunicationWordsSplain:1.vi.expressfeelingsofpain,dissatisfaction,orresentment2.vt.expressdissatisfactionorresentmentManypatientscomplainofheadachesanddifficultyinsleepingwhentheytakethisdrug.員工們抱怨工資過低而且福利差。Theemployeescomplainedthatthewagesweretoolowandthebenefitswereinadequate.NB:complain→complaintn..Unit7RelationshipsandComm49

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication4.desert:vt.

leaveatadifficulttimeorinacruelway,esp.withtheintentionofnotreturningMrs.Smithwasdesertedbyherhusbandandhadtosupportfourchildrenonherown..Unit7RelationshipsandComm50

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication3.contribute:1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orconditionAnincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.2.vt.givemoney,help,ideas,etc.tosomething1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orconditionAnincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orcondition2.vt.givemoney,help,ideas,etc.tosomethingAnincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orconditionThevolunteerscontributetheirowntimetotheproject.2.vt.givemoney,help,ideas,etc.tosomethingAnincreaseinthepriceofdrugshascontributedtotherisingcostofmedicalcare.1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)helpincausingasituation,event,orcondition.Unit7RelationshipsandComm51

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication5.resort:1.vi.(usuallyfollowedbyto)makeuseof;turnto(oftensomethingbad)forhelpManyhomelessteenagersresorttostealingwhentheirmoneyrunsout.2.n.aplacefrequentedbypeopleforrelaxationorrecreationahealthresortapleasureresortasummerresortatouristresort療養(yǎng)地游樂勝地避暑地旅游勝地3.n.theactofturningtosomethingforaidorrelief;recourse反復(fù)實(shí)踐是取得真知的方法。Repeatedpracticeistheresortofgaininggenuineknowledge..Unit7RelationshipsandComm52

Unit7RelationshipsandCommunication6.apply:1.vt.(usuallyfollowedbyfor)requestorseekassistance,employm