2016年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題試卷第2套

2016年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題試卷第2套PartIWriting（30minutes）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayoninnovation.Youressayshouldincludetheimportanceofinnovationandmeasurestobetakentoencourageinnovation.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension（30minutes）SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A）Theywereallgoodatcooking.B）Theywereparticularaboutfood.C）Theywereproudoftheircuisine.D）Theywerefondofbaconandeggs.2.A）Hisparents.B）Hisfriends.C）Hisschoolmates.D）Hisparents’friends.3.A）Noteawasservedwiththemeal.B）ItwastherealEnglishbreakfast.C）Nooneofthegroupateit.D）Itwasalittleovercooked.4.A）Itwasfullofexcitement.B）Itwasreallyextraordinary.C）Itwasariskyexperience.D）Itwasratherdisappointing.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A）Thewoman’srelationshipwithothershops.B）Thebusinesssuccessofthewoman’sshop.C）Thekeytorunningashopatalowcost.D）Thewoman’searningsovertheyears.6.A）Improveitscustomerservice. B）Expanditsbusinessscale. C）Keepdownitsexpenses.D）Upgradethegoodsitsells.7.A）Theyaresoldatlowerpricesthaninothershops.B）Theyareverypopularwiththelocalresidents.C）Theyaredeliveredfreeofcharge.D）Theyareingreatdemand.8.A）Tofollowthecustomofthelocalshoeepers.B）Toattractmorecustomersintheneighborhood.C）Toavoidbeingputoutofbusinessincompetition.D）Tomaintainfriendlyrelationshipswithothershops.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A）Theycanbeusedtodelivermessagesintimesofemergency.B）Theydeliverpollutantsfromtheoceantotheirnestingsites.C）Theycarryplantseedsandspreadthemtofarawayplaces.D）Theyareonthevergeofextinctionbecauseofpollution.10.A）TheymigratetotheArcticCircleduringthesummer.B）TheyoriginatefromDevonIslandintheArcticarea.C）Theytravelasfaras400kilometersinsearchoffood.D）Theyhavetheabilitytosurviveinextremeweathers.11.A）Theywerecarriedbythewind. B）Theyhadbecomemorepoisonous. C）Theywerelessthanonthecontinent.D）Theypoisonedsomeofthefulmars.12.A）ThethreatshumansposetoArcticseabirds,B）ThediminishingcoloniesforArcticseabirds.C）TheharmArcticseabirdsmaycausetohumans.D）TheeffectsofthechangingclimateonArcticseabirds.Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.13.A）Ithasdecreased. B）Ithasbeenexaggerated. C）Ithasbecomebetterunderstood.D）Ithasremainedbasicallythesame.14.A）Itdevelopsmoreeasilyincentenariansnotactivelyengaged.B）Itisnowthesecondleadingcauseofdeathforcentenarians.C）Ithashadnoeffectivecuresofar.D）Itcallsformoreintensiveresearch.15.A）Theycaremoreabouttheirphysicalhealth.B）Theirqualityoflifedeterioratesrapidly.C）Theirmindsfallbeforetheirbodiesdo.D）Theycherishtheirlifemorethanever.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A）Theyarefocusedmoreonattractionthanlove.B）TheyweredonebyhisformercolleagueatYale.C）Theywerecarriedoutoveraperiodofsomethirtyyears.D）Theyformthebasisonwhichhebuildshistheoryoflove.17.A）Therelationshipcannotlastlongifnopassionisinvolved.B）Intimacyisessentialbutnotabsolutelyindispensabletolove.C）Itisnotloveifyoudon’twishtomaintaintherelationship.D）Romanceisjustimpossiblewithoutmutualunderstanding.18.A）Whichofthemisconsideredmostimportant.B）Whetheritistruelovewithoutcommitment.C）Whentheabsenceofanyonedoesn’taffecttherelationship.D）Howtherelationshipistobedefinedifanyoneismissing.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A）Socialworkasaprofession.B）Thehistoryofsocialwork.C）Academicdegreesrequiredofsocialworkapplicants.D）TheaimoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.20.A）Theytrytochangepeople’ssocialbehavior.B）Theyhelpenhancethewell-beingoftheunderprivileged.C）Theyraisepeople’sawarenessoftheenvironment.D）Theycreatealotofopportunitiesfortheunemployed.21.A）Theyhaveallreceivedstrictclinicaltraining.B）Theyallhaveanacademicdegreeinsocialwork.C）TheyareallmembersoftheNationalAssociation.D）Theyhaveallmadeadifferencethroughtheirwork.22.A）Thepromotionofsocialworkers’socialstatus.B）Theimportanceoftrainingforsocialworkers.C）Waysforsocialworkerstomeetpeople’sneeds.D）Socialworkers’joboptionsandresponsibilities.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.23.A）Tofightchildhoodobesity.B）Tohelpdisadvantagedkids.C）Toencouragekidstoplaymoresports.D）Tourgekidstofollowtheirrolemodels.24.A）Theybestboostproductsaleswhenputonline.B）TheyaremosteffectivewhenappearingonTV.C）Theyarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent.D）Theyimpresskidsmorethantheydoadults.25.A）Alwaysplacekids’interestfirst.B）Dowhattheyadvocateinpublic.C）Messagepositivebehaviorsatalltimes.D）Payattentiontotheirimagebeforechildren.PartIIIReadingComprehension（40minutes）SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.ThetreepeopleintheLordoftheRings—theEnts—cangetaroundbywalking.Butforrealtrees,it’shardertouproot.Becausethey’reliterallyrootedintotheground,theyareunabletoleaveandgo26.Whenatreefirststartsgrowinginacertainarea,it’slikelythatthe27envelope-thetemperature,humidity,rainfallpatternsandsoon-suitsit.Otherwise,itwouldbeunabletogrowfromaseedling.Butasit28,theseconditionsmaychangeandtheareaarounditmaynolongerbesuitableforits29.suchasbirds,tomovetheirseedstonewlocalities.Manybirdsliketostorefoodforthewinter,whichAstreesoutgrowtheirideal33inthefaceofclimatechange,theseflyingecosystemengineerscouldbeabighelpin34trees.It’sasolutionforus-gettingbirdstodotheworkischeapandeffective-anditcouldgive35oaksandpinestheoptiontotruly“makelikeatreeandleave”.A）agesB）breathingC）climaticD）elsewhereE）exclusivelyF）foreverG）fruitfulH）habitatsI）legacyJ）notablyK）offspringL）replantingM）subsequentlyN）vulnerableO）withdrawsSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheAmericanWorkplaceIsBroken.Here’sHowWeCanStartFixingIt.[A]Americansareworkinglongerandharderhoursthaneverbefore.83%ofworkerssaythey’restressedabouttheirjobs,nearly50%saywork-relatedstressisinterferingwiththeirsleep,and60%usetheirsmartphonestocheckinwithworkoutsideofnormalworkinghours.Nowonderonly13%ofemployeesworldwidefeelengagedintheiroccupation.[B]arebecomingawareofthetolltheirjobstakeonthem,andemployersareexploringwaystoalleviatetheharmfuleffectsofstressandoverwork.Yetmuchmoreworkremainstobedone.Tocallstressanepidemicisn’texaggeration.The83%ofAmericanemployeeswhoarestressedabouttheirjobs-upfrom73%justayearbefore-saythatpoorcompensationandanunreasonableworkloadaretheirnumber-onesourcesofstress.Andifyoususpectedthattheworkplacehadgottenmorestressfulthanitwasjustafewdecadesago,you’reright.Stresslevelsincreased18%forwomenand24%formenfrom1983to2009.Stressisalsostartingearlierinlife,withsomedatasuggestingthattoday’steensareevenmorestressedthanadults.[C]Stressistakingasignificanttollonourhealth,andthecollectivepublichealthcostmaybeenormous.Occupationalstressincreasestheriskofheartattackanddiabetes,acceleratestheagingprocess,decreaseslongevity,andcontributestodepressionandanxiety,amongnumerousothernegativehealthoutcomes.Overall,stress-relatedhealthproblemsaccountforupto90%ofhospitalvisits,manyofthempreventable.Yourjobis“l(fā)iterallykillingyou”,asTheWashingtonPostputit.It’salsohurtingourrelationships.Workingparentssaytheyfeelstressed,tired,rushedandshortonqualitytimewiththeirchildren,friendsandpartners.[D]Sevenin10workerssaytheystruggletomaintainwork-lifebalance.Astechnologyandwithit,workterm.Addarapidlychangingeconomyandanuncertainfuturetothis24/7connectivity,andyou’vegotarecipeforoverwork,accordingtoPhyllisMoen.“There’srisingworkdemandcoupledwiththeinsecurityofmergers,takeovers,downsizingandotherfactors,”Moensaid.“Partofthework-lifeissuehastotalkaboutuncertaintyaboutthefuture.”Thesefactorshaveconvergedtocreateanincreasinglyimpossiblesituationwithmanyemployeesoverworkingreducedproductivity,disengagementandhighturnover.Toomanyworkplacepolicieseffectivelyprohibitemployeesfromdevelopingahealthywork-lifebalancebybarringthemfromtakingtimeoff,evenwhentheyneeditmost.[F]U.S.U.S.U.S.ilsfarbehindeverywealthynationandmanydevelopingonesthathavefamily-friendlyworkpoliciesincludingpaidparentalleave,paidsickdaysandbreast-feedingsupport.Accordingtoa2007study,theU.S.isalsotheonlyadvancedeconomythatdoesnotguaranteeworkerspaidvacationtime,andit’soneofonlytwocountriesintheworldthatdoesnotofferguaranteedpaidmaternityleave.Butevenwhenemployeesaregivenpaidtimeoff,workplacenormsandexpectationsthatpressurethemtooverworkoftenpreventthemfromtakingit.Fulltimeemployeeswhodohavepaidvacationdaysonlyusehalfofthemonaverage.[G]Ourmodernworkplacesalsooperatebasedonoutdatedtimeconstraints.Thepracticeofclockinginforaneight-hourworkdayisaleftoverfromthedaysoftheIndustrialRevolution,asreflectedinthethen-popularsaying,“Eighthourslabor,eighthoursrecreation,eighthoursrest”.[H]We’veheldontothisworkdaystructure—butthankstoourdigitaldevices,manyemployeesneverreallyclockout.Today,theaverageAmericanspends8.8hoursatworkdaily,andthemajorityofworkingprofessionalsspendadditionalhourscheckinginwithworkduringevenings,weekendsandevenvacations.Theproblemisn’tthetechnologyitself,butthatthetechnologyisbeingusedtocreatemoreflexibilityfortheemployerratherthantheemployee.Inacompetitiveworkenvironment,employersareabletousetechnologytodemandmorefromtheiremployeesratherthanmotivatingworkerswithflexibilitythatbenefitsthem.[I]Inastudypublishedlastyear,psychologistscoinedtheterm“workplacetelepressure”todescribeanemployee’surgetoimmediatelyrespondtoemailsandengageinobsessivethoughtsaboutreturninganemailtoone’sboss,colleaguesorclients.Theresearchersfoundthattelepressureisamajorcauseofstressatwork,whichovertimecontributestophysicalandmentalburnout.Ofthe300employeesparticipatinginthestudy,thosewhoexperiencedhighlevelsoftelepressureweremorelikelytoagreewithstatementsassessingburnout,like“I’venoenergyforgoingtoworkinthemorning”,andtoreportfeelingfatiguedandunfocused.Telepressurewasalsocorrelatedwithsleepingpoorlyandmissingwork.[J]HarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorLesliePerlowexplainsthatwhenpeoplefeelthepressuretobealways“on”,theyfindwaystoaccommodatethatpressure,includingalteringtheirschedules,workhabitsandinteractionswithfamilyandfriends.Perlowcallsthisviciouscyclethe“cycleofresponsiveness”:Oncebossesandcolleaguesexperienceanemployee’sincreasedresponsiveness,theyincreasetheirdemandsontheemployee’stime.Andbecauseafailuretoaccepttheseincreaseddemandsindicatesalackofcommitmenttoone’swork,theemployeecomplies.[K]Toaddressskyrocketingemployeestresslevels,manycompanieshaveimplementedworkplacewellnessprograms,partneringwithhealthcareprovidersthathavecreatedprogramstopromoteemployeehealthandwell-being.Someresearchdoessuggestthattheseprogramsholdpromise.AstudyofemployeesathealthinsuranceproviderAetnarevealedthatroughlyonequarterofthosetakingin-officeyogaandmindfulnessclassesreporteda28%reductionintheirstresslevelsanda20%improvementinsleepquality.Theseless-stressedworkersgainedanaverageof62minutesperweekofproductivity.Whileyogaandmeditation（靜思）arescientificallyproventoreducestresslevels,theseprogramsdolittletotargettherootcausesofburnoutanddisengagement.Theconditionscreatingthestressarelonghours,unrealisticdemandsanddeadlines,andwork-lifeconflict.[L]Moenandhercolleaguesmayhavefoundthesolution.Ina2011study,sheinvestigatedtheeffectsofimplementingaResultsOnlyWorkEnvironment（ROWE）ontheproductivityandwell-beingofemployeesatBestBuy’scorporateheadquarters.[M]Forthestudy,325employeesspentsixmonthstakingpartinROWE,whileacontrolgroupof334employeescontinuedwiththeirnormalworkflow.TheROWEparticipantswereallowedtofreelydeterminewhen,whereandhowtheyworked—theonlythingthatmatteredwasthattheygotthejobdone.Theresultswerestriking.Aftersixmonths,theemployeeswhoparticipatedinROWEreportedreducedwork-familyconflictandabettersenseofcontroloftheirtime,andtheyweregettingafullhourofextrasleepeachnight.Theemployeeswerelesslikelytoleavetheirjobs,resultinginreducedturnover.It’simportanttonotethattheincreasedflexibilitydidn’tencouragethemtoworkaroundtheclock.“Theydidn’tworkanywhereandallthetime—theywerebetterabletomanagetheirwork,”Moensaid.“Flexibilityandcontroliskey,”shecontinued.36.Workplacenormspressureemployeestooverwork,deterringthemfromtakingpaidtimeoff.37.Theoverwhelmingmajorityofemployeesattributetheirstressmainlytolowpayandanexcessiveworkload.38.AccordingtoMoen,flexibilitygivesemployeesbettercontrolovertheirworkandtime.39.Flexibilityresultingfromtheuseofdigitaldevicesbenefitsemployersinsteadofemployees.40.Researchfindsthatifemployeessufferfromhighstress,theywillbelessmotivated,lessproductiveandmorelikelytoquit.41.In-officewellnessprogramsmayhelpreducestresslevels,buttheyarehardlyanultimatesolutiontotheproblem.42.Healthproblemscausedbystressintheworkplaceresultinhugepublichealthexpenses.43.Ifemployeesrespondquicklytotheirjobassignments,theemployerislikelytodemandmorefromthem.44.Withtechnologyeverywhereinourlife,ithasbecomevirtuallyimpossibleformostworkerstokeepabalancebetweenworkandlife.45.InAmericatoday,eventeenagerssufferfromstress,andtheirproblemisevenmoreseriousthangrown-ups’.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Dr.DonaldSadowayatMITstartedhisownbatterycompanywiththehopeofchangingtheworld’senergyfuture.It’sadramaticendorsementforatechnologymostpeoplethinkaboutonlywhentheirsmartphonegoesdark.ButSadowayisn’taloneintrumpetingenergystorageasamissinglinktoacleaner,moreefficient,andmoreequitableenergyfuture.Scientistsandengineershavelongbelievedinthepromiseofbatteriestochangetheworld.Advancedbatteriesaremovingoutofspecializedmarketsandcreepingintothemainstream,signalingatippingpointforforward-lookingtechnologiessuchaselectriccarsandrooftopsolarpanels.batteriesmakepossibleourmobile-firstlifestyles,ourscreenculture,ourincreasinglyglobalizedworld.Still,asimpressiveasallthisis,itmaybetrivialcomparedwithwhatcomesnext.Havingalreadyenabledacommunicationsrevolution,thebatteryisnowpoisedtotransformjustabouteverythingelse.Thewirelessageisexpandingtoincludenotjustourphones,tablets,andlaptops,butalsoourcars,homes,andevenwholecommunities.Inemergingeconomies,ruralcommunitiesarebypassingthewiresandwoodenpolesthatspreadpower.Instead,someinAfricaandAsiaareseeingtheirfirstlightbulbsilluminatedbythepowerofsunlightstoredinbatteries.Today,energystorageisa$33billionglobalindustrythatgeneratesnearly100gigawatt-hoursofelectricityperyear.Bytheendofthedecade,it’sexpectedtobeworthover$50billionandgenerate160gigawatt-hours,enoughtoattracttheattentionofmajorcompaniesthatmightnototherwisebeinterestedinadecidedlypedestriantechnology.Evenutilitycompanies,whichhavelongviewedbatteriesandalternativeformsofenergyasathreat,arelearningtoembracethetechnologiesasenablingratherthandisrupting.Today’sbatterybreakthroughscomeastheworldlookstoexpandmodernenergyaccesstothebillionorsopeoplewithoutit,whilealsocuttingbackonfuelsthatwarmtheplanet.Thosesimultaneouschallengesappearlessoverwhelmingwithincreasinglybetteranswerstoacenturies-oldquestion:howtomakepowerportable.Tobesure,thebatterystillhasalongwaytogobeforethenightlyrechargecompletelyreplacestheweeklytriptothegasstation.Abattery-poweredworldcomeswithitsownrisks,too.Whathappenstothecentralizedelectricgrid,whichtookdecadesandbillionsofdollarstobuild,asmoreandmorepeoplebecome“prosumers”,whoproduceandconsumetheirownenergyonsite?Nooneknowswhich—ifany—batterytechnologywillultimatelydominate,butonethingremainsclear.Thefutureofenergyisinhowwestoreit.46.WhatdoesDr.Sadowaythinkofenergystorage?A）Itinvolvestheapplicationofsophisticatedtechnology.B）Itisthedirectionenergydevelopmentshouldfollow.C）Itwillprovetobeaprofitablebusiness.D）Itisatechnologybenefitingeveryone.47.Whatismostlikelytohappenwhenadvancedbatteriesbecomewidelyused?A）Mobile-firstlifestyleswillbecomepopular.B）Theglobalizationprocesswillbeaccelerated.C）Communicationswilltakemorediverseforms.D）Theworldwillundergorevolutionarychanges.48.Insomeruralcommunitiesofemergingeconomies,peoplehavebegunto__________.A）finddigitaldevicessimplyindispensableB）communicateprimarilybymobilephoneC）lighttheirhomeswithstoredsolarenergyD）distributepowerwithwiresandwoodenpoles49.Utilitycompanieshavebeguntorealizethatbatterytechnologies__________.A）benefittheirbusinessB）transmitpowerfasterC）promoteinnovationD）encouragecompetition50.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthecentralizedelectricgrid?A）Itmightbecomeathingofthepast.B）Itmightturnouttobea“prosumer”.C）Itwillbeeasiertooperateandmaintain.D）Itwillhavetobecompletelytransformed.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Morethan100yearsago,AmericansociologistW.E.B.DuBoiswasconcernedthatracewasbeingusedasabiologicalexplanationforwhatheunderstoodtobesocialandculturaldifferencesbetweendifferentpopulationsofpeople.Hespokeoutagainsttheideaof“white”and“black”asdistinctgroups,claimingthatthesedistinctionsignoredthescopeofhumandiversity.SciencewouldfavorDuBois.Today,themainstreambeliefamongscientistsisthatraceisasocialconstructwithoutbiologicalmeaning.InanarticlepublishedinthejournalScience,fourscholarssayracialcategoriesneedtobephasedout.“Essentially,Icouldnotagreemorewiththeauthors,”saidSvanteP??bo,abiologistanddirectoroftheMaxPlanckInstituteforEvolutionaryAnthropologyinGermany.Inoneexamplethatdemonstratedgeneticdifferenceswerenotfixedalongraciallines,thefullgenomes（基因組）ofJamesWatsonandCraigVenter,twofamousAmericanscientistsofEuropeanancestry,werecomparedtothatofaKoreanscientist,Seong-JinKim.ItturnedoutthatWatsonandVentersharedfewervariationsintheirgeneticsequencesthantheyeachsharedwithKim.MichaelYudell,aprofessorofpublichealthatDrexelUniversityinPhiladelphia,saidthatmoderngeneticsresearchisoperatinginaparadox:ontheonehand,raceisunderstoodtobeausefultooltoilluminatehumangeneticdiversity,butontheotherhand,raceisalsounderstoodtobeapoorlydefinedmarkerofthatdiversity.Assumptionsaboutgeneticdifferencesbetweenpeopleofdifferentracescouldbeparticularlydangerousinamedicalsetting.“Ifyoumakeclinicalpredictionsbasedonsomebody’srace,you’regoingtobewrongagoodchunkofthetime,”YudelltoldLiveScience.Inthepaper,heandhiscolleaguesusedtheexampleofcysticfibrosis,whichisunderdiagnosedinpeopleofAfricanancestrybecauseitisthoughtofasa“white”disease.Sowhatothervariablescouldbeusediftheracialconceptisthrownout?Yudellsaidscientistsneedtogetmorespecificwith