化學品船主機 齒輪箱軸系 拉線安裝工藝

軸、舵系找線工藝TheAlignmentofShaftandRudder乳山造船有限責任公司17000T化學品船總則Generation概述outline軸系理論中心線的確定Thedeterminationofshafttheoreticalmiddleline尾軸管套管的鏜孔Theboringofsterntubesleeve舵系的找線、安裝Theinstallationandalignmentofrudder總則:General工藝的制定，符合ABS船舶入級建造規(guī)范（2001）標準.TheprocedureisfulfillthestandardofABSrule(2001)依據中國造船質量標準CSQS（1998）檢驗手冊、檢驗標準.AccordingtheChinaShipbuildingQualityStandardCSQS(1998)TestManualtoinspect.依據CB3625-94、CB/Z350-87.BasedonCB3625-94,CB/Z350-87工藝的制定滿足ABS船檢審批后的圖紙資料要求.FulfilltherequirementsofthedrawingsthatABShadapproved.本船工藝的制定，適應本廠的生產工裝要求.Thisprocedureisbasedontheconstructionabilityofthisshipyard.概述：Outline:本船為雙軸系、調距槳，CUNIAL螺旋槳，4葉，后側斜葉型，符合ISO484標準，主機地腳墊塊為環(huán)氧樹脂澆注（樹脂由高爾登廠家提供，樹脂墊塊的布置、螺栓的擰緊力矩由高爾登廠家送審，并通過ABS船檢認可），艉軸承為油潤滑，并帶前、后溫度傳感器。尾軸管、主機、齒輪箱、軸帶發(fā)電機、尾軸及調距槳整體由羅爾斯-羅伊斯打包。Thevesselistwo-shaftingsystem,controllable-pitchpropeller,CUNIALpropeller,4blades,thebacksideisskewedtype,inaccordancewithISO484standard,M/Epadblockcastingepoxyresin(resinisprovidedbyGolton,resinpadslayoutandbolttighteningtorquewillbesendforapprovingbythemanufacturerGolton,andapprovedbyABSsurvivor),sternbearingswilluseoillubrication,andputthetemperaturesensorsontwosides.Thesterntube,M/E,gearbox,shaftgenerator,sternshaftandcontrollable-pitchpropellerwillbeprovidebyRolls–Royce.軸系與動力裝置:船用主機為B32/40L8PRollsRoyce羅爾斯-羅伊斯,4沖程，增壓，重油粘度為380CST，最大持續(xù)功率為4000KW，主機轉速為750轉每分鐘。Shaftandpowerplant:M/EisB32/40L8PRollsRoyceRolls-Royce,4-stroke,supercharged,heavyoilviscosityis380CST,withmaximumsustainedpoweris4000KW,M/Espeedis750r/m.船用齒輪箱直立式，齒輪箱為單輸入雙輸出，齒輪箱在主機和槳軸之間，主機發(fā)出的功率經過高彈性聯(lián)軸器傳遞給齒輪箱，齒輪箱分別帶動尾軸和軸發(fā)工作，PTO軸帶發(fā)電機為500KW1200轉，軸發(fā)為水冷，帶有滾動軸承和內置片狀離合器。Marinegearboxisupright,gearboxissingle-inputanddual-output,gearboxisbetweentheM/Eandthepropellershaft,M/Esentpowerthenpassthroughthehigh-elasticcouplingtothegearbox,gearboxdrivethesternshaftandshaftgeneratorworking,PTOShaftGeneratoris500KW1200revolutions,shaftgeneratoriswater-cooled,withaclutchbearing,andbuilt-insheetclutch.本船軸系對中找正擬采用鋼絲拉線法，精確定位為激光。軸系中心線平行于船體基線（數據為2475mm），與船體中心線的夾角為0.616°。舵系中心線垂直于船體基線，據船體中心線的數據為3750mm（在-1#肋位處）。Thevesselshaftingalignmentintendtousewirepullmethod,accuratepositioningwilluselaser.ShaftcenterlineparalleltotheBL(data2475mm),andtheanglebetweenhullcenterlineis0.616°.RuddercenterlineperpendiculartothehullBL,tothehullcenterline3750mm(#ribislocatedinthe-1).附:軸系拉線工藝布置圖.三.軸系理論中心線的確定:Determinationofthetheoryshaftcenterline1、拉線前的準備：Thepreparationbeforepullthewire:1.19600平臺甲板及以下區(qū)域合攏縫焊接完畢.Alltheweldingseambelow9600platformshouldbefinishedwelding.1.2不得隨便移動或調整船墩.Notmoveoradjustthetimberpier

.1.3拉線時軸系區(qū)域及相鄰銜接區(qū)域應停止震動性或焊接性作業(yè).Theshaftregionandadjacentareasofconvergenceshouldstopshakingorweldingoperationsduringpulling.1.4應盡量避免在強陽光下進行，可在陰天或早晚時間進行。Shouldbeavoidedinstrongsunshinecanbedoingincloudytimeormorningandeveningtime.1.5船體找線:船體中心線、船體基線及縱橫傾由船體部門確定并報驗合格.Confirmtheline:thehullcenterline,thehullbaseline,andverticalandhorizontaltiltshouldbeconfirmedbythehulldepartmentandpasstheinspection.1.6軸系拉線時所需要的工量卡具等準備好（游標卡尺、卡鉗、線錘、手錘、劃針、眼沖、50米卷尺，等Preparealltheinvolvedtools(suchasverniercaliper,calipers,lineshammer,handhammer,drawneedle,eyesred,50-metertapemeasure,etc.)1.7軸系拉線應準備以下圖紙：Preparethefollowingdrawings:軸系布置圖；(SRC511-420-01)Shaftarrangement：(SRC511-420-01)主機、減速齒輪箱、軸帶發(fā)電機安裝圖SRC511-424-03InstallationdiagramforM/E,gearbox&shaftgeneratorSRC511-424-031.8主機、齒輪箱吊運核算：整機重量、鋼絲繩規(guī)格、主機外形尺寸、按主機出廠時的吊裝點，準備好吊裝工具。主機、齒輪箱底座用廠家配套好的底座直接吊裝上船，并保證主機、齒輪箱在軸線的上方。不至于影響以后的工作。主機、齒輪箱、軸帶發(fā)電機吊裝到位后要對其采取有效的固定和保護措施。（特別是在出水塢時更要對主機、齒輪箱、軸發(fā)進行固定，以免發(fā)生側翻事故）M/EandgearboxliftingAccounting:machineweight,wireropespecifications,theM/EDimensions.Preparealltools,accordingtotheliftingpointfromtheM/Efactory.M/EandgearboxfoundationwhichwassuppliedbythemanufacturerwillbeliftingonboarddirectlyandensurethatM/Eandgearboxonthetopoftheshaft,sonotaffectthefuturework.AftertheM/E,gearboxandshaftgeneratorareintheirfinalplace,takesomeeffectivefixedandprotectivemeasurestothem.2.粗拉線基點和基準靶的確定：Thedeterminationofbasicpointandbasictargetforcrudepulling.因該船的船體基線在船皮的里面（船皮厚度為13mm），根據輪機安裝需要，高度方向以船體報驗合格的基線為準，用激光經緯儀定點至船塢標桿及各找線架上，作為找高度基準；左、右方向以船體合攏時，放在水塢中間的中心線為準（也可以尾分段上的中心線校核），在尾部（從-4#到14#肋位）支起找線支架，以軸線高度拉起鋼絲，向兩側量出軸線距中數據（4#肋位距船舯4900mm、33#肋位距船舯5121mm、-3#肋位距船舯4855mm），Duetothehullbaselineisinsideoftheshellplate(shellplate’sthicknessis13mm),accordingtorequirementsofthemachineryinstallation,wewillchoosethequalifiedBLandusealasertheodolitefixedtothedockpoleandtheshelftodeterminetheheight;theleftandrightdirection,accordingtothecenterlineinthedockwhichwasdecidedduringthehullerected,(canalsoaccordingtothecenterlineintheaftblock),startingbranchstentintheaft(fromafterFr4#andbeforeFr14#),withahighdegreeofshaftlinetopullwiretobothsides,andrecordthedata(4900mmfromFr4#tothemid-ship,5121mmfromFr33#tothemid-ship,4855mmfromFr-3#tothemidship),thefrontandbackpositionwillbasedonframepositionwhichwasdeterminedonthebottomofthedockduringtheerection.說明：-3#肋位點用作激光找線，定位激光器用。Instruction:Fr3#canbetakenasthepointwithalaser,usepositioninglaser.2.2軸線艉基準點確定FR-4，距基線高度為2475mm；艏基準點定在FR33，距基線高度為2475mm基準點與軸系理論中心線重合.其上、下偏移值應≤7mm，左右對中偏移值≤3mm，兩舷相同SternreferencepointofShaftlineisFR-4,2475mmheightfromthebaseline;bowreferencepointsetatFR33,thereferencepointwhichis2475mmheightfromthebaselinecoincideswiththetheoryshaftcenterline.Itsupperandloweroffsetshouldbe≤7mm,aboutrighttheoffsetvalue≤3mm,boththeportandstarboardaresame.2.3根據確定好的艏、艉基準點的位置，安裝艏、尾拉線架，拉線架應焊接牢固。Accordingtotheconfirmedlocationofbowreferencepointandsternreferencepointtoinstallthepullframe,pullframeshouldbeweldedfirmly3.粗拉線（拉鋼絲線）：CrudePull(pullwireline):3.1 在找線架間穿入鋼絲，采用吊重物的方法進行拉線。鋼絲要求為0.8mm彈簧鋼材料，無銹無痕、無扭曲；在尾拉線架掛60kg重物。Pullthesteelwirethroughthepullframes,andusingthemethodofhangingheavypull.Thematerialrequirementsofsteelwireis0.8mmspringsteel,norustandnoscar,nodistortion;hanging60kgweightattheend.3.2具體數值參考下面的計算。Thedetaileddataseethefollowingcalculation 鋼絲撓度按如下公式計算：Thedeflectionofthesteelwirecalculatedaccordingtothefollowingformula: Y=QX(L-X)/2T Y: 欲計算點的下垂度（撓度）（m）Y:deflection(m) Q: 均布負荷（g/m）Q:equispaced

loading（g/m） X: 計算撓度處距基點的距離(m)X:thedistancefromthedeflectiontothereferencepoint T: 拉力(g)T: pullg) L: 測量段兩基點的距離(m)L:thedistancebetweenthetworeferencepoints3.3取拉線鋼絲直徑d=0.8mmTakingPullwirediameterd=0.8mm,accordingtotheaboveformula： 均布負荷Q=3.95（g/m）UniformLoadingQ=3.95（g/m） 拉力T=60000 (g)PullT=60000 (g)艏、尾基準靶的距離L=25.35(m)（FR-4#-FR12#的肋位數據為600mm、FR12#-FR33#的肋位數據為750mm）Bow,tailbasedistanceofthetargetL=25.35(m)(FR-4#-FR12#rib-bitdataforthe600mm,FR12#-FR33#rib-bitdatato750mm)。Bow,tailbasedistanceofthetargetL=25.35(m)(FR-4#-FR12#rib-bitdataforthe600mm,FR12#-FR33#rib-bitdatato750mm)計算撓度處距基準靶的距離：Thedistancefromcalculatedeflectionplacetothetargetbenchmark：尾軸管套管的后端面：X1=5.283m（FR4+483Sterntubesleeverearendsurface:X1=5.283m(FR4+483)尾軸管套管的前端面：X2=10.5m（FR13+150）Sterntubesleevefrontendsurface:X2=10.5m（FR13+150）齒輪箱基座處：X3=15.6m（FR20#肋位）Gearboxfoundation:X3=15.6m（FR20#）主機基座處：X4=20.1m(FR26#肋位)M/Efoundation:X4=20.1m(FR26#)根據公式計算撓度值如下：Accordingtoformula,thedeflectionisasfollows: Y1=3.49mm；Y2=Y3=5.01mm；Y4=詳見“軸系拉線布置圖”See“shaftlinearrangement”3.4根據拉線結果，確定主機、齒輪箱位置，測量主機座面板到軸系理論中心線的垂直距離并記錄。主機基座面板的上平面高于軸線315mm，齒輪箱基座面板的上平面低于軸線160mm，（以上兩組數據來源于主機、齒輪箱認可圖），以保證主機、齒輪箱墊片厚度在30mm~AccordingtothealignmentresultstodeterminethelocationofM/Eandgearbox,measureandrecordedtheverticaldistancebetweenM/Efoundationpaneltothetheoryshaftcenterline.TheM/Efoundationpaneluppersurfaceabovetheshaft315mm,gearboxfoundationpaneluppersurfacebelowtheshaft160mm,(theabovetwodatafromM/Eandgearboxesapproveddrawings)toensurethegasketthicknessofM/Eandgearboxis30mm~50mm.3.5所有檢驗合格后，在船體結構上做出兩基準點和兩基準靶點的位置標記，作為精拉線時參考。并向船東、船檢交驗。Afteralltheinspectionpass,markthelocationoftwobasepointsandtwobasetargetpointsinthehullstructure,asthereferenceforexactlyalignment.andsubmitinspectiontoownerandSurveyor..四、艉軸管套管的鏜孔Theboreholeofsterntubesleeve1.去掉鋼絲線，根據拉線時-3#肋位留下的標記，于前端33#肋位找線架中心，將激光器定位好，需提前做好激光器支架及測量人員平臺，激光器支架與人員平臺應獨立，以防止人員在平臺上行走動搖了激光器。Removesthesteelwire,accordingtomarkwhichwasleftduringpullFr-3#,locatesthelaserinfrontofFr33#alignmentcenter,preparelasersupportandthesurveycrewsplatformindependently,toavoidtheshakingoflaserwhenpersonnelwalkingintheplatform.另外，為便于激光器挪動后，重新快速定位。在軸系方向上，尾管套管前端面向前2m左右（在18#肋位左右），再安裝一個找線架，激光器調整該找線架的中心與激光點重合后固定牢靠。Moreover,inordertolocatelasereasilyafterthelasermove,installanalignmentshelfintheshaftingdirection,about2m(aboutFr18#position)beforethefrontsideofsterntubesleeve,fixtheshelffirmlywhenthecenterofshelfcoincidethelaserpoint.2．分別將鏜桿的四個滑動軸承安裝在X1=4.8m（FR4#肋位），X2=7.2m（FR8#肋位），X3=9.45m（FR12-150），X4=10.5m（FR14）。軸承上安裝有較為緊配的帶中心小孔的找線光靶，用激光器調整檢查四個滑動軸承內孔中心線，在確定好的軸系中心線上，固定滑動軸承座。因支架2、支架3安裝在尾管套管內，所以需人員從套管前端進入，先將支架2定位、固定好，在定位支架3。InstallsseparatelytheboringrodfourslidingbearinginX1=4.8m(FR4#position),X2=7.2m(FR8#position),X3=9.45m(FR12-150),X4=10.5m(FR14).Onthebearingtheinstalllighttargetwhichmatchescentereyelettightly.Withthelasertune-upinspectionfourslidingbearingsintheholemiddleline,Fixthebearingseatintheshaftingmiddleline.Becausethesupport2and3installintheinsideofsterntubesleeve,thereforethepersonnelshouldenterfromthesterntubesleeve,firstlyfixsupport2well,andthenlocatethesupport3.3．將四個滑動軸承內孔用棉紗擦拭干凈，涂上潤滑油，將鏜孔機的鏜桿運到船體尾部并擦拭干凈，然后自尾向首將鏜桿穿入四個軸承內（注意不得碰撞），鏜桿應能轉動自如。Cleanthefourslidingbearingswithcottonyarnandthenapplythelubricatingoil,transportsborer'sboringrodtothehullaftpartandclean,then,fromthetailpenetratestotheheadtheboringrodinfourbearings(nocollision),theboringrodbeabletorotatefreely.4．將鏜孔機安放在2~3#肋位處，并用100×100×10的角鋼及180#槽鋼加以支撐，支撐應牢固，調整鏜孔與鏜桿中心線一致，其偏移值≤1.5mm，然后將鏜桿與絲桿用萬向節(jié)連接好，鏜孔機對中后應固定在支架上，量具有內卡鉗、鋼板尺、扳手等。PutBorerinFr2~3#position,andsupportwith100×100×10theanglesteelandthe180#channelsteel,thesupportshouldbereliable,theadjustmentboreswiththeboringrodmiddlelineisconsistent,itsdriftrate≤1.5mm,thenconnectstheboringrodandtheleadscrewwiththeuniversaljoint,borershouldfixonthesupportaftercentering,themeasuringinstrumentincludesinsidecalipergauge,thesteelrule,thespannerandsoon5．用一合適的帶劃針的V型塊，安放于鏜桿外圓上，調整劃針半徑，用手工繞鏜桿外圓分別在尾軸管套管的后端面，劃∮530mm的加工圓和劃∮620mm的檢驗圓，尾軸管套管的前端面劃∮510mm的加工圓和劃∮590ChooseasuitableVblockthatwithamarkingawl,placeitintheouterannulusofboringrod,adjusttheradiusofmarkingawl,delimits∮530mmtheprocessingcircleanddelimits∮620mmtheexaminationcirclewithcirclestheboringrodouterannulusmanuallyseparatelyintheendofthesterntubesleeve,delimits∮510mmtheprocessingcircleanddelimits∮590mmexaminationcircleinthefront6．四個滑動軸承內孔與鏜桿外圓的配合間隙在0.08mm左右，檢查鏜孔機設備及各部位情況合格后，通電開動鏜孔機低速運轉5min，停機后將鏜孔刀具安裝在鏜桿上，調整刀具并固定好，開機試鏜削加工。刀具應多準備備用刀具。toleranceclearancebetweentheholeoffourslidingbearingsandtheboringrodouterannulusisabout0.08mm,afterinspectingtheborerequipmentandvariousspotssituationqualified,connectthepowerandstartborerslowlyrevolute5min,aftertheenginestop,thedrillingtoolwillbeinstalledontheboringrod,adjuststhecuttingtoolandfixedwell,startingtriestoprocessboring.Thesparecuttingtoolsshouldbeprepared.7．根據尾柱內孔加工尺寸分粗、精加工。粗鏜加工后，要檢驗已經加工的尺寸線與檢驗圓情況，偏差控制在≤0.5mm，以確保鏜孔中心符合要求，然后進行精加工。精加工后檢驗已加工內孔尺寸線與檢驗圓周線應相符，偏差控制在≤0.5mm。鏜孔后加工內孔的圓度和圓柱度≤0.Accordingtotheholesizeofsternframeseparateitintounfinishedprocessingandrefinedprocessing.Afterboringprocessing,mustexaminethesizelinewhichalreadyprocessedwithtoexaminethecirclesituation,thedeviationshould≤0.5mmtoguaranteethatboresthecentertomeettherequirement,andthencarryouttherefinedprocessing.Aftertherefinedprocessing,theholesizeshouldincorrespondwithexaminecircle,deviationshould≤0.5mm.Intheboringholeafterprocessingroundnessandthecylindricity≤0.5mm,meettherequirementofdrawing.8、加工完成后，由檢查人員驗收合格，可以拆下鏜排。此時，艉軸管套管的中心線就是軸系的實際中心線。Aftertheprocessingcompletes,afterapprovedbytheinspectors,boringbarcanberemove.Themiddlelineofsterntubesleevedrivepipe'sistheshaftingactualmiddleline.注意：1、在鏜孔過程中，可進行舵系找線及舵筒定位、焊接。Intheprocessofboring,rudderalignment,trunklocationandweldingcanbecarriedout.9、清潔艉軸管套管，可用清潔的煤油清洗尾軸管套管內部的防銹油、機油，也可用壓縮空氣將尾管吹干凈,油漆施工人員應對尾管套管內被破壞的油漆進行重新修補，并將內部清潔干凈。Cleansterntubesleeve,cleancoaloilisavailabletocleanpicklingoil,machineoilinsideofsterntubesleeve;alsocanusecompressedairtoblowcleanly,thepaintdamageareainsidethesterntubesleeveshouldberepairedandcleaned.10、尾軸管吊裝,將尾軸管上澆注樹脂用的密封圈（澆注環(huán)氧樹脂用的）與尾軸管用鐵絲擰緊，防止在安裝尾軸管時，將其移位或損壞，根據圖紙尺寸要求安裝尾管。為防止密封圈損壞，尾管安裝過程中，需在尾管內穿一根∮114*7mm長8m的無縫鋼管，前端裝一吊鼻，在機艙內用手拉葫蘆將尾管抬起，穿進機艙。Abouttheliftingofsterntube,inordertoavoidthedamageandmovementofthesterntubeduringtheinstallation,screwupthesealring(epoxyresin),thesterntubewillbeinstalledaccordingtothedrawingsize.Inordertopreventthesealringdamage,intheinstallationprocess,passthrougha∮114*7mmlong8mseamlesspipeinsidethesterntube,installaliftingringinthefrontside,liftsthesterntubewiththechainblockintheengineroomandpassthroughtheengineroom.注意：1、鋼管表面應清潔無銹，以防鐵銹掉落在尾管內；Note:1.Inordertoavoidtherustfallintothesterntube,thesteelpipesurfaceshouldfreeofrust.2、在鋼管與白合金軸承接觸處用膠皮包好，以防壓壞合金軸承。Inordertoavoidthedamageofalloy,wrapssecurelyinthesteelpipeandthewhitealloybearingcontactplacewiththerubber尾管穿到位后，尾管前端將壓蓋安裝完成后，再將尾管前、后兩端分別用四只M20的內六角螺栓將尾軸管頂起，將激光器定位在-3#肋位，根據18#及33#找線架重新快速確定激光器。再在尾管前、后端面安裝找線光靶（光靶與尾管應適當緊配），采用激光找線的方法對尾軸管進行精確的定位，并向船東、船檢交驗合格。AfterthesuccessfulinstallationofthesterntubejackupthesterntubewithfourM20inhexagonboltsintwoends.ThelaserwillbelocatedinFr-3#position,accordingto18#and33#shelffastdefinitelaser.lighttarget(lighttargetandsterntubeshouldmatchtightly)willbeinstalledatthetwoendsofsterntube,usesthelasertoadjustthelinethegetthepreciselocalizationtothesterntube,andsubmittheinspectiontoshipownerandABSSurveyorandbeaccepted.施工人員應提前準備好鉆頭、加長絲錐、磁力鉆，對前、后尾柱進行配鉆、鉸12-M20X40的孔，將安裝螺栓外部涂上環(huán)氧廠家提供的脫氧劑，再擰到螺孔內。并將前、后各4只頂絲與尾柱的外圓平齊割掉,并打上樹脂廠家自備的密封膠。Theconstructorsshouldpreparethedrillbit,thelengthenscrewtap,themagneticforcetodrillinadvance,carriesontothebeforeandaftermatchesdrills,hinge12-M20X40holesinthefrontmizzenmastandaftmizzenmast,theboltswillbecoveredwithdeoxidizerwhichtheepoxyfactoryprovidesandthentwistsitintothespiralhole.Andcuteach4jackscrewsandmizzenmastouterannulustogether,atlastgetsthesealantwhichtheresinfactorysuppliesforoneself.測深尺SoundingRuler后不銹鋼襯套偏心量測量表格Frontstainlesssteelsleeveoffsetmeasureblank前不銹鋼襯套偏心量測量表格Afterstainlesssteelsleeveoffsetmeasureblank環(huán)氧澆注前，一定要確認后密封裝置上的測深孔調整在12點鐘的位置，以利于準確的測量尾軸的下沉量。Beforetheepoxycasting,mustconfirmthesoundingholeofthesealplantbeadjustedin12o’clockposition,infavortomeasuretheexactdeflectionofsterntube.通知樹脂廠家工作人員對尾軸管進行澆注。（具體的操作步驟按樹脂廠家的要求）。施工人員應提前準備好碘鎢燈或電熱毯及棉被，對環(huán)氧澆注部分進行保溫。Informtheresinfactorystafftocarryoutthecastingtothesterntube.(sequenceofoperationaccordingtoresinfactoryrequest).Theconstructorsshouldpreparetheiodine-tungstenlamp,theelectricblanketandthecotton-waddedquiltaheadoftime,carriesouttheheatpreservationtotheepoxycastingpart.對尾軸管內的冷卻水管路；前、后密封裝置滑油管路；前、后溫度傳感器等要注意安裝，并對相應的管路做氣密試驗。（增加壓力實驗的數據）Payattentiontotheinstallationofcoolingwaterpipeinsidethesterntubefrontandaftersealplantlubricatedoilpipeandsensors,andtesttheairtighttesttotheconcernedpipes.11、將螺旋槳軸調運到船體尾部提前做好的支架上，協(xié)助廠家提前將槳葉及液壓油管安裝好，用棉紗將螺旋槳軸擦拭干凈，先將后密封裝置裝入尾軸上，借助手拉葫蘆將尾軸慢慢地穿入尾軸管內，（注意：穿的過程不能碰傷白合金軸套）。尾軸分左、右舷。Transportsthepropellershafttothehullrearpartandputthemonthesupportwhichcompletesaheadoftime,assiststhefactorytoinstallthebladeandthehydraulicpressuredrilltube,cleantheshaftscrewwiththecottoninadvance,andtheninstallthesealplantintothesterntube.Withthehelpofthechainblockpenetratesthesternshaftslowlyintothesterntube.(Note:duringtheprocessingdon’tinjurethewhitealloyshaftsleeve).Sternshaftmakeoutportandstarboard.12、安裝到位后，要檢查白合金軸套與尾軸的上、下、左、右間隙，要求上部間隙等于尾軸與合金軸承的總間隙，下部間隙為零，左右兩側間隙約為總間隙的一半（40%～60%）。將前、后密封裝置安裝就緒，按照圖紙及產品說明書要求調整好、把緊。（根據圖紙尺寸將后密封裝置安裝好后，要將尾軸穿裝到位，檢查一下不銹鋼襯套不能頂在尾軸管上或后軸承上）Afterinstallmentsuccessful,mustinspectthegapsbetweenwhitealloyshaftsleeveandsterntube’s,upside:therequestthegapwasequaltothatthescrewshaftandthealloybearing'stotalbacklash,lowerpartnogap,aboutbothsidesgapapproximatelyhalfoftotalbacklash(40%~60%).Thebeforeandafterpackingassemblyinstallmentready,adjuststightlyaccordingtothedrawingandtheproductinstructionbookletrequirements.(Accordingtothesizeindrawingafterinstalltherearsealplant,inspectsstainlesssteelbushingnottobeabletogoagainstonsterntubeorrearbearing)注意：前、后密封裝置的不銹鋼襯套要用百分表測量同軸度數據，記錄、存檔、備查。Note:Thestainlesssteelbushinginfrontandrearsealplantmustusethedialgaugetomeasuretheproperalignmentdataandrecord.后密封護罩的觀察孔要安裝在尾軸管的正上方。通過重力油柜將尾軸管加滿潤滑油，檢查密封裝置是否漏油。Theobservatoryholeofrearsealguardshouldbeinstalledoverheadthesterntube.thesterntubeshouldbefulfilledwithlubricationoilthroughheavyoiltank,andcheckwhetherhaveleakageornot.前密封裝置油柜安裝簡圖五、舵系的找線、安裝Theinstallationandalignmentofrudder1．安裝舵筒時，注意區(qū)分左側舵筒（Portsidetrunk）和右側舵筒（Starboardtrunk），而且舵筒還有前面（FORWARD）、后面(AFTEREND)區(qū)分。Whenyouinstalltheruddertube，notonlypayattentiontodistinguishbetweenthePortsidetrunkandStarboardtrunk，butalsodistinguishbetweenforwardtrunkandafterendtrunk.2、根據圖紙定位尺寸，先在塢內-1#肋位，高度與軸線平齊處，從左到右拉上鋼絲，并在地面放上粉線。從船舯鋼絲分別向左、右量出3750mm，用線錘錘至地面并做好標記，做為舵桿中心基準點A。用激光經緯儀根據該基準點A確定舵機艙頂部舵桿中心基準點B。根據A、B點拉出鋼絲，底部掛上重物，此鋼絲應為舵桿理論中心線。該線與船體基線垂直偏移≤4mm。Accordingtothelocationsizeofdrawing,firstintheFr-1#ofthedock,takewirefromlefttoright,heightandshaftlineinconcert,andputchalklineontheground.Measuring3750mmfrommid-shiptoleftandrightandwithplumbdowntothegroundandmakingamarkasdatummarkAofrudderstockcentre.WithlasertheodoliteaccordingtothedatummarkAtodeterminedatummarkBofrudderstockcentreatthetopofcabin.AccordingtoA,Bpoints,pullingwire,hangingweightathebottom,thiswireshouldbethetheorycenterlineoftherubberstock.Offsetofthelinetothehullbaseline≤4mm.舵臺距基線高度數為5225，須實測確認，誤差±5mm。Rudderplatformfrombaselineisaheightof5225,mustbemeasuredtoconfirm,thetolerancewithintherangeof±5mm.3．根據鋼絲調整舵筒居中，誤差≤±1.5mm，并用抹板抹好。并向船東、船檢交驗。交驗合格后對舵桿套筒施焊，焊接應采取對稱焊，并時刻測量舵筒數據。舵筒焊接完成后重新測量舵筒距中數據，并向船東、船檢交驗。AdjustthetrunkintheMiddleaccordingthewire,thetolerancewithintherangeof±1.5mm,andsubmittotheshipownersandsurveyforexamination.Afterbeingacceptedbyownerweldtherudderstock,takentobuttwelding,andmeasuredataofrudderstockshouldbemeasuredererytime.注意：焊接套筒之前，應準確對中，套筒法蘭上有標記，注意：小舵葉和主舵葉要保持度。舵套筒底部要嚴格對中，這樣小舵葉連桿才能與之對齊。Note:Beforeweldingsleeve,Shouldbeaccurateinthecenter,makeamarkonthesleeveflange,note:smallrudderbladeandthemainrudderbladeshouldbemaintainedtheOdegrees.Thebottomoftheruddershouldbestrictlyinthecenter,sothesmallrudderbladeramcanbealignedwithit.4、舵承（合成纖維）已經裝到套筒中，施工溫度不應該超過60攝氏度，否則將損壞舵承。Rudderbearing(syntheticfiber)hasbeenfittedintothesleeve,Thetemperatureshouldbenomorethan60degreesduringtheconstruction,otherwiseitwilldamagerudderbearing.5、安裝舵桿、舵葉、高壓液壓泵等附件時要遵照舵機廠家現(xiàn)場服務工程師的指導。Installationofarudderstock,rudderblade,high-pressurehydraulicpumpandotheraccessoriesshouldbeinaccordancewiththeguidanceofsiteserviceengineersfromthesteeringgearmanufacturer.6、舵葉全部安裝完后，進行轉舵實驗（左、右各45度），記錄下舵承與舵桿前、后、左、右的間隙，并做零位標記。Afterallrudderbladeareinstalled,steeringexperiment(leftandrightsideturn45°),recordtheclearanceofrudderbearingwithrudderstockfront,back,leftandrightsides,anddozeromark.六、船舶下水后的軸系校中與主機固定ThefixofM/Eandalignmentofshaftafterlaunching1.軸系校中的條件：Theconditionofshaftalignment:1.1螺旋槳及軸系安裝完畢并符合要求.Theinstallationofpropellerandshaftlinewerefinishedandfulfilltherequirements.1.2撤出主機和齒輪箱廠家配帶的底座，使主機、齒輪箱初步定位完畢并基本符合要求，軸系與齒輪箱脫開.Moveoutthefoundationsofmainengineandgearboxthatcomefrommanufacturer,theinitialpositionofmainengineandgearboxhasbefinishedthatmeetthebasicrequirement,trippingoffshaftingwithgearingbox.1.3船舶的排水量應不小于空載排水量的85%。Thewaterdischargeofvesselshouldbenolessthan85％ofno-loaddischarge.1.4軸系區(qū)域及與相鄰銜接區(qū)域應停止振動性作業(yè)及焊接作業(yè)。VibrationandweldingoperationsshouldbestoppedinShaftandadjacentareas.1.5應盡量避免在強陽光下進行，可在陰天或早晚時間進行.Shouldbeavoidedinstrongsunshinecanbedoneincloudytimeormorningandeveningtime.1.6船舶下水后3~4天穩(wěn)定時間后進行.Canbedoneinthestabilizedtime3~4daysafterlaunching.2、齒輪箱與尾軸的對中Thealignmentofgearboxandsternshaft2.1、將尾軸的液壓法蘭根據圖紙尺寸壓裝到位，不用對尾軸及法蘭采取任何的支撐措施，（但要在尾軸的上方采取有效的支架保護，以免工作人員踩踏，影響對中的效果），根據尾軸及液壓法蘭的自重來精確的定位齒輪箱。Mountthehydraulicflangeofthesternshaftwithoutanysupporttotheshaftandtheflange,usedrawingforreference.(buttakeprotectiveaction,forexample,putastagingabovetheshaftifnecessarytoavoidofstandingdirectlyontheshaft,whichmayreducethealignmenteffect),locatethegearboxbytheweightofhydraulicflangeandthesternshaft.2.2.找正齒輪箱位置:用尾軸法蘭與齒輪箱輸出法蘭對中，齒輪箱輸出法蘭比尾軸法蘭高7.48mm，曲折為1.95mm，此數據如果不能滿足頂升實驗數據可以隨時的進行調整。（見附圖）齒輪箱定位后將前、后、左、右的調整螺栓擰緊，并對齒輪箱進行臨時的固定。以為做頂升試驗做準備。將齒輪箱法蘭與尾軸法蘭進行連接（可以借助千斤頂將尾軸法蘭頂起）可以用4只備用螺栓對兩法蘭進行緊固，待頂升試驗報檢合格后再將廠家配帶的螺栓安裝到位。Positionthegearbox:Alignthesternshaftflangeandthegearboxoutputflange,thegearboxoutputflangeshouldbehigher7.48mmthanthesternshaftflange,inflectionis1.95mm,(seetheattacheddrawing).afterthegearboxpositioned,fasten4piecesofadjustingboltsandsecurethegearboxtemporarilyforpreparationofshaftjackingtest.Fastenboth2flangestogetherwith4piecesofsparebolts,toliftupthetailshaftslightly,ahydraulicjacktoolcanbeused.Afterthejackingtestisapproved,fittheoriginalboltstotheflange.(boltssuppliedbymaker).2.3、根據圖紙示意的尺寸進行頂升試驗，由專門的廠家來完成軸系的校中計算。Pleaseuserelateddrawingforreferencetodothejackingtest,theshaftlinealignmentworkshouldbecalculatedbythespecialmaker.2.4頂升試驗報檢合格后對齒輪箱進行研配鑄鋼墊塊并與齒輪箱機座進行配鉆孔工作。WhentheJackietestisapproved,makeprepairationofselectingcastchocks,anddrillingthebedplatefoundationforthegearbox.測量齒輪箱底座面與基座的間隙，確定墊片厚度。活動墊片厚度通常留有0.2～0.3mm刮配加工余量。齒輪箱鋼質墊片厚度應≥15mm，墊片組成數不超過2塊。固定墊片安裝后應具有1：100（極限1：50）的外傾斜面（方便研磨墊片）。Measuretheclearancebetweenthegearboxfoundationandthebase,sothattheproperheightchockcanbemade.thecastchockforgearboxshouldbehigherthan15mmwhichshouldnotbemorethan2pieces,thefixedchockhasaratioof1:100declinesurfaceandthesurfacetowardsoutward,sothatgrindingthesurfacewillbeeasilyreached.墊片與基座及機座間的接觸應良好，經刮磨到位后，接觸比≥70%，用色油檢查時每25mm×25mm范圍內著色點不少于3個，0.05mm塞尺插入的深度不大于10mm。Thereshouldbeagoodcontactbetweenthechocksandthebedplateafterthechocksscratched,thecontactratiotobelargerthan70%,bluecheckshouldbecarriedoutandthecolorpointsshouldbenotlessthan3ineach25mm2,thelengthofinsertionoffeelergaugeshouldbelessthan10mm.活動墊片用點焊固定后，使用風鉆通過機座上的螺孔直接在墊片及基座上鉆孔。Aftermovablechocksareinstalledandwelded,holesshouldbedrilledtothefoundationthroughthethreadholeonthebedplate.根據鉆好的孔來配適當的螺栓，（齒輪箱螺栓孔根據圖紙要求不需要進行鉸配）Selectproperboltsaccordingtothedrillholediameter.將連接螺栓安裝好后，按規(guī)定力矩(力矩為3600N/m)將螺栓擰緊，并報檢合格。Fastentheboltswithatorquewrenchusingaforceof3600N/m,andthensubmitinspectionforapproval.在齒輪箱的徑向位置上研配四組止退墊塊，來滿足圖紙要求。installanother4setsofthrustchockonthegearboxtransverseposition,seedrawing.3、主機與齒輪箱的對中M/Eandgearboxalignment3.1、主機和齒輪箱采用高彈聯(lián)軸器連接，連接軸校中采用百分表指針法。根據高彈聯(lián)軸器連接尺寸（475,1+0.5mm見附圖）將主機初步定位，以保證高彈聯(lián)軸器的縱向安裝空間。主機在定位前要對曲拐值、曲軸的軸向串量進行測量，作為對中的原始依據。M/Eisconnectedtothegearboxbyaflexiblecoupling,thatshaftalignmentischeckedbydialgaugereading,pre-positiontheM/Ebasedonthedimensionsofflexiblecoupling,ensuretherehasenoughspaceforcouplerinstallation.BeforeM/Eispositioned,takemeasurementofM/Ecrankshaftdeflectionandshaftlongitudinaltoleranceasrecord.3.2、以齒輪箱輸入法蘭為基準來精確定位主機，將兩個百分表座分別安放在齒輪箱輸入法蘭端面和外圓上，再分別將兩個百分表指針適當觸到主機飛輪端面和外圓上(見齒輪箱主機百分表對中示意圖)，采用百分表指針法對中.轉動齒輪箱法蘭帶動表針，通過百分表讀數來調整主機頂絲和彎板頂絲，使主機上下左右及前后的精確定位.齒輪箱輸入法蘭與主機飛輪端其徑向偏移值≤0.50mm，曲折值≤0.40mm，要精確調整好主機飛輪后端面至齒輪箱輸入法蘭端面距離=高彈聯(lián)軸器的長度，并考慮主機曲軸的軸向間隙值在中間(百分表校中)，主機定位后，將上下頂絲和彎板頂絲固定好，并檢查測量與船體基座的環(huán)氧樹脂墊片厚度在40mm左右.PositionM/Ebasedontheoutputflangeofgearboxandinstall2dialgaugessupport,onesetontheflangesurfaceandanotherontheencircle,thenmakethedialgaugeendsslightlycontactmentionedposition.(refertothedrawings),turnthegearboxflangeandcheckdialgaugereading,adjustthevariousM/Ejackingboltsgentlyandgraduallytopositiontheshaftprecisely,checkthegearboxflangeandM/Eflywheelend,makesurethefinalresultofSAGislessthan0.4mm,andGAPislessthan0.5mm.CheckthedistancebetweenM/Eflywheelaftendstogearboxoutputshaftend,whichsho