2018年高考英語(yǔ)試題北京卷+答案

2018年高考英語(yǔ)(北京卷)絕密★啟用前2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)(北京卷)第一部分:知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),45分)第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題;每小題1分,共15分)從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上:將該項(xiàng)涂黑。1.Hi,I’mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven’tseenyouaround？ Hello,Peter.I’mBob.Ijust＿＿onMonday.A.start B.havestarted C.started D.hadstarted2.__________wedon’tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.A.Although B.While C.If D.Until3.__________alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperienceA.Travel B.Traveling C.Havingtraveled D.Traveled4.Susanhadquitherwell-paidjoband________asavolunteerintheneighborhood.whenIvisitedherlastyearA.isworking B.wasworking C.hasworked D.hadworked5.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,__________helpsthemkeepfitA.which B.who C.as D.that6.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether__________ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.A.share B.toshare C.havingshared D.shared7.China’shigh-speedrailways__________from9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.A.aregrowing B.havegrown C.willgrow D.hadgrown8.Inanyunsafesituation,simply________thebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.A.press B.topress C.pressing D.pressed9.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho__________inthemountainsfortwodays.A.aretrapping B.havebeentrapped C.weretrapping D.hadbeentrapped10.Ordinarysoap,__________correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.A.used B.touse C.using D.use11.Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbe__________wearenow.A.how B.when C.where D.why12.Intoday’sinformationage,thelossofdata__________causeseriousproblemsforacompany.A.need B.should C.can D.must13.Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey＿＿afewmorekilometers.A.drove B.woulddrive C.weretodrive D.haddriven14.Goodmorning,Mr.lee’soffice. Goodmorning.I’dliketomakeanappointment__________nextWednesdayafternoon.A.for B.on C.in D.at15.Thisis__________myfatherhastaughtme-toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A.how B.which C.the D.what第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。TheHomelessHeroFormany，findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith￡400incashwouldbeasource（來(lái)源）oftemptation（誘惑）.Butthe16wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith17moreremarkable.Afterspottinga18onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown，hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe19toreturn.Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he20insideandpulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact（聯(lián)系）thedriver，onlyto21itcontained￡400innotes，withanother￡50insparechangebesideit.Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter22anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar’sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar-whichwasitselfworth￡35，000—inGlasgowcitycentre，theywere23tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthewalletwas24.ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis25.Mr.Andersonsaid：“Icouldn’tbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonight26hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforaplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand27hedidn’ttakethewalletforhimself；hethoughtaboutothers28it’sunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare29guysoutthere.”Mr.smith’sact30muchofthepublic’sattention.HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson31abouttheactofkindnessonFacebook. NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto32moneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived￡8,000.“Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshown33himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;he’shaIjob34andallsorts,”Mr.Andersoncommented. ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing35.Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.16.A.hope B.aim C.urge D.effort17.A.still B.even C.ever D.once18.A.wallet B.bag C.box D.parcel19.A.partner B.colleague C.owner D.policeman20.A.turned B.hid C.stepped D.reached21.A.discover B.collect C.check D.believe22.A.taking B.leaving C.reading D.writing23.A.satisfied B.excited C.amused D.shocked24.A.safe B.missing C.found D.seen25.A.service B.support C.kindness D.encouragement26.A.when B.if C.where D.because27.A.rather B.yet C.already D.just28.A.too B.though C.again D.instead29.A.honest B.polite C.rich D.generous30.A.gave B.paid C.cast D.drew31.A.learned B.posted C.cared D.heard32.A.borrow B.raise C.save D.earn33.A.of B.at C.for D.in34.A.details B.changes C.offers D.applications35.A.lesson B.adventure C.chance D.challenge第二部分:閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2分,共30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最仁選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AMyFirstMarathon(馬拉松) Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead. Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas“notathletic”. TheideathatIwas"notathletic"stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s，Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills! Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn’tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself. Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋帶)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted！ Atmile3,Ipassedasign:“GOFORIT,RUNNERS!” Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain. Bymile21,Iwasstarving！ AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning. Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad. Determinedtobemyself,,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗標(biāo)簽)，Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner”.36.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor____________.A.waswelltrained B.feltscaredC.madeuphismindtorun D.Losthope37.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher. B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports. D.Toshareapreciousmemory.38.Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit. B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize. D.Hewalkedtotheend.39.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport. B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess. D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.BFindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation(航空)Center Ifyou’relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun. Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey’restudyingintheclassroom. Forthetrainees，theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges(榮譽(yù)徽章).AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated(模擬)flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearntheirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit(駕駛艙)ofavarietyofflightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-andland-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueof“downed"pilot. Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask. Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamilieswithchildrenasyoungas7. Stayanhourorstayaweek--thereissomethinghereforeveryone! Formoredetails，pleasevisitusonlineat.40.WhydopeoplecometoSAC?A.Toexperienceadventures. B.Tolookforjobsinaviation.C.Togetadegreeinengineering. D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.41.ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedsto______________.A.flytospace. B.getanAviationbadgefirst.C.studytheprinciplesofflight. D.buildandfiremodelrockets.42.Whatisthemostimportantfortrainees?A.Leadership. B.Teamspirit.C.Taskplanning. D.Survivalskills.CPlastic-EatingWorms Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng))，andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms. ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊狀物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass--apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017. FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood-beeswax--alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic“Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,”sheexplains.“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.” JenniferDebruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(腸道微生物)? Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess-notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood. B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics. D.Theywindupinlandfills.44.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto_________.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdown B.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindings D.increasethebreakdownspeed45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight_________.A.helptoraiseworms B.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceans D.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms. B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics. D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.DPreparingCitiesforRobotCars Thepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist’sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn’tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It’shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated. Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared. Dowewanttocopy-orevenworsen-thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransportanunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing(叫車)services. AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(責(zé)任與維護(hù)問(wèn)題).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.47.Accordingtotheauthor，attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan__________.A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblems B.providebetterservicestocustomersC.causedamagetoourenvironment D.makesomepeoplelosejobs48.Asfordriverlesscars，whatistheauthor’smajorconcern？A.Safety. B.Sideeffects. C.Affordability. D.Management.49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fielded”inParagraph4probablymean？A.Employed. B.Replaced. C.Shared. D.Reduced.50.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars？A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhyDoWeGetAngry？Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit，butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior，andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering（觸發(fā)）events，personalitytraits（特征），andourassessmentofsituations.51 Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore.52Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone’spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits. Eachperson.nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry.53Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred. 54Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.Sometimesignoranceandnegative(消極的)outlooksonsituationscancreateanger. 55However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings.A.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.B.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.C.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.D.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry.E.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.F.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselveswithacriticaleye.G.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.第三部分:書(shū)面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié),35分)第一節(jié)(15分)假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華,你的英國(guó)朋友Jim在給你的郵件中提到他對(duì)中國(guó)文化感興趣,計(jì)劃明年來(lái)北京上大學(xué)。他向你咨詢相關(guān)信息。請(qǐng)給他回郵件,內(nèi)容包括:1.表示歡迎； 2.推薦他上哪所大學(xué); 3.建議他做哪些準(zhǔn)備工作。注意:1.詞數(shù)不少于50； 2.開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim，___________________________________________________________________________________________YoursLiHua第二節(jié)(20分)假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華,請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序,寫一篇英文周記,記述你們上周接待外國(guó)學(xué)生,帶領(lǐng)他們體驗(yàn)中國(guó)茶文化的全過(guò)程。注意:詞數(shù)不少于60。2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（北京卷）英語(yǔ)參考答案第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空1.C 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.A9.D 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.D第二節(jié)完形填空16.C 17.B 18.A 19.C 20.D 21.A 22.B 23.D 24.A 25.C 26.A 27.B 28.D 29.A 30. D 31.B 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.C第二部分閱讀理解36.C 37.C 38.A 39.B 40.A 41.D 42.B 43.C 44.B 45.D 46.C 47.A 48.D 49.A 50.B 51.F 52.G 53.E 54.A 55.D第三部分書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，35分）第一節(jié)（15分）DearJim,I’m