美國高品質(zhì)公豬精液生產(chǎn)

ProductionofHighQualityBoarSemen高品質(zhì)的公豬精液的生產(chǎn)DonaldG.Levis,PhDExtensionEducatorUniversityofNebraska–LincolnAgriculturalResearch&DevelopmentCenter

March20,20051Subjectmattertobediscussed

討論的主要問題Managementofboars公豬管理Proceduresforcollecting,processingandstoringsemen精液的采集、處理和貯存程序Designandmanagementofacommercialoff-siteboarstud場外商品公豬站的設(shè)計和管理March20,20052ManagementofBoars

公豬的管理Topicstodiscuss討論的主題ReasonsforcullingAIboars淘汰人工授精站公豬的原因Heat-stresseffects熱應(yīng)激作用Photoperiodeffects光照周期的作用Frequencyofcollection采精頻率Feedingprogram飼養(yǎng)程序March20,20053ReasonsforcullingAIboars

淘汰人工授精站公豬的原因Reason原因%Age年齡28Semenquality精液品質(zhì)28Soundness健壯10Libido性欲10Temperament性情3Ulcers潰湯3Other其它18March20,20054Rectaltemperature:直腸溫度38.24°C(Boar1)37.75°C(Boar2)Testisis2to3°Ccooler睪丸的溫度要低2-3攝氏度附睪的根部陰囊附睪的首部腹部后腿Preventheat-stressontestis防止睪丸的熱應(yīng)激反應(yīng)March20,20055Vascularsupplytotestishelpscooltestis睪丸供血系統(tǒng)有助降低睪丸溫度Pampiniformplexus蔓狀靜脈叢-heatexchangebetweenarteryandvein動脈與靜脈之間熱交換Veins靜脈Artery動脈Testicularartery睪丸動脈March20,20056Temperatureoftestis,epididymis,scrotumandbodyatanambienttemperatureof23°Cor34°C環(huán)境溫度23-34℃時,睪丸、附睪、陰囊及身體的溫度Ifscrotumisnotcooled,thetemperatureofthetestiswillcontinuetorisewhenambienttemperaturerises!當(dāng)環(huán)境溫度升高,如果陰囊不能降溫,睪丸溫度將不斷升高Temperatureofscrotumincreased4.0C陰囊溫度增加4℃Temperatureoftestisincreased0.7C睪丸溫度增加0.7℃Temperatureofepididymisincreased0.8C附睪溫度增加0.8℃March20,20057Totaltimetoproducespermcell:45to50days產(chǎn)生精子細(xì)胞的總時間：45-50天35daysintestis在睪丸中35天10to15daysinepididymis在附睪中10-15天附睪的首部附睪的根部附睪的體部輸精管精小管March20,20058HeatStressandSpermAbnormalities

熱應(yīng)激和精子畸形WeeksafterHeatStress熱應(yīng)激后的周數(shù)

AbnormalSperm,%Peaksat6weeks6周達(dá)最大Stillhighat8weeks8周仍較高畸形精子March20,20059HeatStressofboarsandconceptionrate

公豬熱應(yīng)激與受胎率WeeksafterHeatStress熱應(yīng)激后的周數(shù)

Femaleconception,%5-to6-weekdelayuntilworst5-6周的延遲后達(dá)最壞ExtendedRecovery延遲恢復(fù)母豬受胎率March20,200510Effectofseasononspermoutput季節(jié)對精子子產(chǎn)量的影影響冬季夏夏季種公豬舍精子/射出十十億March20,200511Effectofseasononpercentageofejaculatesdiscarded季節(jié)對不合合格精液射射精百分率率的影響%motilityor%normalspermwaslessthan70%%活率或%正常精子少少于70%冬季夏夏季種公豬舍不合格精液液射精比例例%March20,200512Someboarsareheat-stressedat27.9C有些種公豬豬在27.9℃產(chǎn)生熱應(yīng)激激Coolscrotumwithwaterandairmovement用水和流動動空氣來冷冷卻陰囊Wetanddrycycle濕和干的循循環(huán)Startcoolingprocessat25.5C在25.5℃時開始冷卻卻過程Respirationrateisnotagoodindicatorofheat-stress呼吸率不是是熱應(yīng)激的的好指示指指標(biāo)March20,200513Effectofincreasingairtemperature(1C/day)onrespirationrateof160kgboars氣溫升高(1℃/天)對160kg公豬呼吸頻頻率的影響響*******Differentfrompre-treatment,P<.05每個處理之之間顯著不不同*91.4°F(33C)Respirationsaresignificantlygreater天氣溫(華氏)每分鐘的呼呼吸次數(shù)氣溫呼吸頻率呼吸明顯加加快14Effectofincreasingairtemperatureonscrotalsurfacetemperatureofboars氣溫對公豬豬陰囊表面面溫度的影影響*******Differentfrompre-treatment,P<.05每個處理之之間顯著不不同****86°F(30C)Scrotaltemperatureis3.5Chigherthanwk1陰囊溫度比比一周前高高3.5℃氣溫(華氏)氣溫陰囊溫度陰囊溫度(華氏)天15Caution注意Keepingthefloortoowetcauses:保持地板太太濕將導(dǎo)致致:Bacterialcontaminationofsemen細(xì)菌污染精精液Softpadsonthefeetofboars過軟的墊子子對公豬蹄蹄了的影響響March20,200516Doesthedurationofphotoperiodinfluencespermproduction?光照時間影影響精子的的產(chǎn)量嗎?March20,200517Influenceofphotoperiodandtemperatureonspermproduction光照時間和和溫度對精精子產(chǎn)量的的影響**P<.05*每次射精的的精子數(shù)(十億)光照時間(小時)March20,200518Frequencyofejaculation射精頻率Balancebetweensemenvolumeandspermcellconcentration精液的體積積和精子的的密度之間間平衡volumeofseminalfluidsimportantforextension精清的體積積對稀釋是是非常重要要的numberofviablespermimportantforfertility活精子的數(shù)數(shù)量對受精精是非常重重要的March20,200519Frequencyofejaculation射精頻率Twocollectionsperweekisnearoptimumforboarstuds對公豬站公公豬,每周2次采精較理理想MondayandThursday周一和周四四TuesdayandFriday周二二和和周周五五Somestudsonlycollectonetimeperweek一些些公公豬豬站站每每周周只只進(jìn)進(jìn)行行一一次次采采精精March20,200520Theeffectofintervalbetweencollectiononspermoutput采精精間間隔隔對對精精子子產(chǎn)產(chǎn)量量的的影影響響IntervalBetweenCollection,Days2次采采精精間間的的間間隔隔(天)SpermCells/collection(billion)每一一次次采采精精的的精精子子總總數(shù)數(shù)(十億億)March20,200521Keepboarsonaregularcollectionschedule!保證證公公豬豬有有規(guī)規(guī)律律的的采采精精日日程程!40boarscollected1x/wkfor3months40頭公公豬豬每每周周采采精精1次保保持持3個月月Afterthe3months3個月月后后One-halfcontinuedon1timeperweek一半半繼繼續(xù)續(xù)保保持持每每周周采采精精1次One-halfcollectedrandomly另一一半半隨隨機(jī)機(jī)采采精精Nomorethan3timesperweek每周周不不超超過過3次Notlessthan1timein3weeks在3周內(nèi)內(nèi)不不少少于于1次March20,200522Results結(jié)果果1timeperweekcollectionschedule每次次1次的的采采精精程程序序組組18of20boars:Semenquantityremainedconstant20頭公公豬豬中中有有18頭精精液液品品質(zhì)質(zhì)保保持持穩(wěn)穩(wěn)定定Randomcollectionschedule隨機(jī)機(jī)采采精精的的程程序序組組8of20boars:Semenquantityremainedconstant20頭公公豬豬中中8頭精精液液品品質(zhì)質(zhì)保保持持穩(wěn)穩(wěn)定定3of20boars:Semenquantityimproved20頭公公豬豬中中3頭精精液液品品質(zhì)質(zhì)有有提提高高9or20boars:Semenquantitydecreased20頭公公豬豬中中9頭精精液液品品質(zhì)質(zhì)有有下下降降March20,200523FeedingProgram飼養(yǎng)養(yǎng)模模式式March20,200524Estimationofthedailyenergyrequirementsofbreedingboars使役役公公豬豬每每天天所所需需能能量量評評估估BW,kg體重,kg100150200250300Growth,kg/d日增重,kg0.10.0Energyrequirements(MJDE/day)能量需要(消化能,MJ/天)Maint.維持17.222.527.331.635.6BGain體增重2.2--Mating配種1.21.4Semen精液0.50.5Total合計31.033.534.837.339.4March20,200525Estimationofthedailyfeedrequirementsofbreedingboars使役役公公豬豬飼飼量量評評估估BW,kg體重,kg100150200250300Growthkg/d日增重,kg0.10.0Feedrequirements(kg/day)飼喂量(kg/天)Diet:13.0MJDE/kg飼料:消化能13.0MJ/kg2.93.0Diet:13.5MJDE/kg飼料:消化能13.5MJ/kg2.82.9March20,200526Generalizedrelationshipbetweenheartgirthandboarliveweight公豬豬心心臟臟大大小小與與活活重重之之間間總總體體相相關(guān)關(guān)關(guān)關(guān)系系Heartgirth,cm心臟大小,cmBodyweight,kg體重,kg114.3136.1127.0181.4139.7226.8152.4272.2March20,200527Semencollection,processingandstoring精液液采采集集、、處處理理和和保保存存March20,200528Adoseofsemenshouldhave:一份份精精液液應(yīng)應(yīng)當(dāng)當(dāng)有有:Spermcellswithgreaterthan70%motility精子子活活力力（（率率））大大于于70%March20,200529精子子活活率率生育育力力指指數(shù)數(shù)March20,200530Motilityofspermcellsmaynotbeagoodindicatoroffertilizingabilityofspermcellsstoredforgreaterthan3days!精子活活率可可能不不是評評定保保存超超過3天的精精子受受精能能力的的理想想指標(biāo)標(biāo)!March20,200531Changesinmotility,acrosinactivity,andnumberofspermcellsbindingovaacrosstimeforboarsemen(7-dayextender)精子活活率、、頂體體素活活性、、精子子結(jié)合合和穿穿過卵卵子時時間變變化情情況(7天稀釋釋粉)NumberofspermperovaMessage:Usesemenwithin72hoursofcollection!所用精精液為為72小時內(nèi)內(nèi)采集集!精子采采集的的天數(shù)數(shù)百分率率活率頂頂體率率活性性精精卵結(jié)結(jié)合率率每個卵卵子精精子數(shù)數(shù)March20,200532Motilityofspermcellswithorwithoutcaffeineaddedtoslide(BTSextender)有或沒沒有咖咖啡因因加入入玻片片對精精子活活率的的影響響(BTS稀釋粉粉)Donotusecaffeinetoestimatemotilityofspermcells.不要用用咖啡啡因去去評估估精子子的活活率.March20,200533Adoseofsemenshouldhave:一份精精液應(yīng)應(yīng)當(dāng)有有:Coiledtail卷曲的的尾巴巴Proximaldroplet近端的的原生生質(zhì)滴滴Distaldroplet遠(yuǎn)端的的原生生質(zhì)滴滴Loosenedacrosome疏松的的頂體體Lessthan15to20%abnormalcells低于15-20%畸形精精子Hair-pinshapedtail發(fā)夾形形尾巴巴March20,200534Amonitorisusedtomakea““subjective”evaluationastotherateofabnormalspermcellsintheejaculate.監(jiān)視器器用于于采精精后評評估畸畸形精精子的的比率率.March20,200535Effectofabnormalcellsonfertilizationrateofova畸形精精子對對卵子子受精精率的的影響響Abnormalsperm,%畸形精子,%64.522.09.3Fertilizationrateofova,%卵子受精率,%15.084.794.9March20,200536Effectofabnormalcellsonfecundityindex畸形精精子對對生育育力指指數(shù)的的影響響生育力力指數(shù)數(shù)每份中中的畸畸形精精子比比率March20,200537Adoseofsemenshouldhave:一份精精液應(yīng)應(yīng)當(dāng)有有:Rod-shapedbacteria桿狀細(xì)細(xì)菌Round-shapedbacteria圓形細(xì)細(xì)菌Anaerobicbacteria厭氧細(xì)細(xì)菌Aerobicbacteria好氧細(xì)細(xì)菌Lownumberofbacteria少量的的細(xì)菌菌細(xì)胞胞March20,200538Monitorthetemperatureinasemencooler!監(jiān)測精精液保保存箱箱的溫溫度!Coolertemperature:16to17C冷藏箱箱的溫溫度：：16-17℃Slowsmotilityofsperm減少精精子的的死亡亡率Slowsbacterialgrowth減緩細(xì)細(xì)菌的的生長長Temperaturedataloggerplacedinsidecooler放置在在冷藏藏箱中中的溫溫度記記錄儀儀March20,200539Howmanyviablespermcellsshouldadoseofsemencontain?一頭份份精液液中應(yīng)應(yīng)含有有多少少活精精子數(shù)數(shù)?1billion?10億?2billion?20億?3billion?30億?4billion?40億?5billion?50億?March20,200540Effectofnumberofspermcellsinseminatedonnumberofpigsbornalive授精精精子細(xì)細(xì)胞數(shù)數(shù)目對對母豬豬產(chǎn)活活仔數(shù)數(shù)的影影響輸入的的活精精子數(shù)數(shù)（十億億）母豬產(chǎn)產(chǎn)活仔仔數(shù)種公豬豬12種公豬豬97種公豬豬29March20,200541Effectofnumberofspermcellsinseminatedonnumberofpigsbornalive授精精精子細(xì)細(xì)胞數(shù)數(shù)目對對母豬豬產(chǎn)活活仔數(shù)數(shù)的影影響輸入的的活精精子數(shù)數(shù)（十億））母豬產(chǎn)活活仔數(shù)種公豬14種公豬38種公豬78March20,200542Recommendation推薦Ifgeneticidentificationofpigletsisnotimportant,pooledsemenshouldbeused.如果不是是純繁,混合精液液應(yīng)被采采用.March20,200543Becarefulwhenplacingmorethan3billionspermcellsinadoseofsemen!當(dāng)一頭份份精液含含有30億精子時時,應(yīng)非常小小心!March20,200544Effectofageofsemenandnumberofspermperinseminationdoseonlittersize(BTSextender)精液的保保存時間間、每個個輸精劑劑量含的的精子數(shù)數(shù)對窩產(chǎn)產(chǎn)仔數(shù)的的影響(BTS稀釋粉)Ageofsemen,hrs精液保存時間3billionsperm30億精子5billionsperm50億精子0&2410.9aX

11.0aX48&7211.0aX

10.6aX96&12010.2bX9.8bYabDifferentwithincolumn,P<.05XYDifferentwithinrow,P<.05同一列中中ab不同表示示差異顯顯著,同一行中中XY不同表示示差異顯顯著,P<0.05March20,200545Long-termextendersshouldbeusedbecausetheyhaveabetterbufferingsystem;plus,theyslowmotilityofspermcells.長效稀釋釋粉應(yīng)當(dāng)當(dāng)使用,因為它們們有較好好的緩沖沖系統(tǒng),并使精子子運(yùn)動較較緩慢.March20,200546Whichtypeofextendershouldaboarstuduse?公豬站應(yīng)應(yīng)當(dāng)使用用哪一類類型的稀稀釋粉?March20,200547Basicroleofextenderhasnotchangedsincetheirinception稀釋粉的的基本功功能沒有有改變Increasetotalvolumeofextendedsemen增加稀釋釋精液的的體積Provideadequatesupplyofnutrients提供適當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)臓I養(yǎng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)ProvidebuffertoprotectcellsagainstextremepH提供緩沖沖環(huán)境保保護(hù)精子子免受極極端pH影響March20,200548Provideelectrolytesforproperosmoticpressure提供電解解質(zhì),維持滲透透壓Protectcellsagainstrapidcooling保持精子子免受快快速冷凍凍的影響響Provideantibioticstocontrolbacteria含抗生素素控制細(xì)細(xì)菌的生生長Basicroleofextenderhasnotchangedsincetheirinception稀釋粉的的基本功功能沒有有改變March20,200549Theexactchemicalcompositionofmostoftheextendersmarketedtodayisnotavailabletothepublic.現(xiàn)在大多多數(shù)市場場出售的的稀釋粉粉的準(zhǔn)確確的化學(xué)學(xué)成份是是不公開開的.

Proprietary(tradesecret)所有權(quán)(商業(yè)秘密密)March20,200550ClassificationofExtenders稀釋液的的分類Maintainsviabilityofspermcellsfor:維持精子子活力的的時間:Upto3days3天Upto4days4天Upto5days5天Upto6days6天Upto7days7天Upto10days10天Upto14days14天Usedbycommercialboarstuds商品公豬豬站使用用March20,200551Factorstoconsiderwhenpurchasingaboarsemenextender購買公豬豬精液稀稀釋粉時時考慮的的因素Numberofspermcellsperdose每一頭份份的精子子數(shù)量Ageofspermcellsattimeofuse精液的保保存時間間Controlofbacteriagrowth細(xì)菌生長長的控制制March20,200552Factorstoconsiderwhenpurchasingaboarsemenextender購買公豬豬精液稀稀釋粉時時考慮的的因素Cost成本PRRStestingPRRS的檢測Characteristicsofcompany公司的特特點Reliability,HonestyandIntegrity可靠、誠誠實和正正直Manufacturingandhandlingpractices生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)經(jīng)營的經(jīng)經(jīng)驗March20,200553Factorstoconsiderwhenpurchasingaboarsemenextender購買公豬豬精液稀稀釋粉時時考慮的的因素Performanceofextender稀釋粉的的效能Maintainingviabilityofspermcells(becareful)維持精子子的活率率（一定小小心）Farrowingrate&littersize分娩率和和窩產(chǎn)仔仔數(shù)Scientificallysounddatatosubstantiateclaims科學(xué)可靠靠的數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)證實他他們宣稱稱一樣March20,200554Resultsofresearchtrialscanchangeovertime試驗研究究結(jié)果可可隨時間間而改變變Jun––Dec19981998,6-12Jan––Jun19991999,1-6Jan––Jun19981998,1-6xyxxxyxxxAbout1,000matingsforeachextenderduringeachtimeperiod每個稀釋釋粉每個個試驗期期大約配配1000頭母豬xywithintimeperiod(P<.05)March20,200555Resultsofresearchtrialscanchangeovertime試驗研究究結(jié)果可可隨時間間而改變變Jun––Dec1998Jan––Jun1999Jan––Jun1998xxxxxyxxxAbout1,000matingsforeachextenderduringeachtimeperiod每個稀釋釋粉每個個試驗期期大約配配1000頭母豬xywithintimeperiod(P<.05)March20,200556Allsowsinseminatedshouldreceiveviablesemenateachinsemination!每頭母豬豬每次輸輸精都保保證輸入入的精液液活率!Averageageofspermcellswhenmajorityofsowsareinseminated?多數(shù)母豬豬輸精時時精液保保存的天天數(shù)?Ageofoldestspermcellsattimeofuse?所用精液液保存最最長的天天數(shù)?Shouldtypeofextenderbeselectedon:選擇稀釋釋粉根據(jù)據(jù):March20,200557Someboar’’ssemensurvivesbetterwithExtenderXwhereassemenfromotherboarssurvivesbetterwithExtenderY.一些公豬豬的精液液以X稀釋液稀稀釋后效效果好,而另一些些公豬的的精液以以Y稀釋液稀稀釋后效效果好.March20,200558Androhepwasthe“best”forBoar43214.Androhep對43214公豬最“好好”的Best最好March20,200559Androhepwasthe““worst”forBoar71236.Androhep對71236公豬是最““差”的Worst最差March20,200560Recommendations推薦Theboarstudshouldkeepasampleofeachbatchofsemenuntilthe““expiration”dateonthedoseshaspassed.公豬站應(yīng)保保留每一批批的精液樣樣品，直至至這批精液液過期為止止。Spermmotilityofstoredsemensamplesshouldberandomlymonitoreddailyuntiltheexpirationdateonthesamplehaspassed.保存精液的的活率應(yīng)每每天隨時監(jiān)監(jiān)測，直至至這批精液液過期為止止March20,200561Recommendations推薦Ifviabilityofspermcellsisnotadequateacrosstime,adifferenttypeofsemenextendershouldbetried.如果保存后后精子活率率不理想，，不同類型型的稀釋粉粉應(yīng)試試。。March20,200562Ifitisnotbroke,whyfixit?如果沒有壞壞的話，為為什么去維維修它？Ifyouandyourcustomersaresatisfiedwiththeperformanceofyourcurrentextender,isthereanyvalidreasonwhyyouwouldwanttochangeextenders?如果你或者者你的客戶戶對你目前前所用的稀稀釋粉滿意意的話，還還有任何充充分理由更更換稀釋粉粉嗎？March20,200563Designingacommercialboarstud設(shè)計一個商商品公豬站站March20,200564A60-dayisolationperiodisnormallyused.Whileinisolation,eachanimalisbled3timestomakesuretheypassstricthealthprotocol.60天的隔離期期通常是需需要的。在在隔離期間間，每頭公公豬要求抽抽3次血以保證證它們通過過嚴(yán)格的健健康檢查。。Incomingboarisolationfacility引進(jìn)公豬的的隔離舍Boarsaretrainedtomountdummysow.公豬調(diào)教爬爬跨臺豬SleezerFertilityCenter,Aurelia,IowaMarch20,200565Buildingdesignandmanagementproceduresinfluence:豬舍設(shè)計及及管理的影影響Sexualbehaviorofboars種公豬的性性行為Efficiencyofmovingboars驅(qū)趕種公豬豬的效率Efficiencyofcollectingsemen收集精液的的效率Productionandoutputofsemen精液的生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)和輸出Safetyofworkers工作人員的的安全March20,200566Collections/person/hourisdependentondurationof:收集/人力/時間依賴于于：Timetomoveboarstowarm-uparea將種公豬驅(qū)驅(qū)趕到預(yù)熱熱（準(zhǔn)備））區(qū)的時間間Timeboarsareinwarm-uparea種公豬在預(yù)預(yù)熱（準(zhǔn)備備）區(qū)的時時間Timetomoveboarsfromwarm-upareatocollectionpen將種公豬從從預(yù)熱（準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)備）區(qū)移移動到采精精欄的時間間March20,200567Timeboarsareincollectionpenuntiltheyremainmountedandbeginejaculation種公豬待在在采精欄直直到它們保保持爬跨并并開始射精精的時間Timeforejaculation射精的時間間Timeuntilboarsexitcollectionpen種公豬離開開采精欄的的時間Timetomoveboarsbacktostallorpen將種公豬趕趕回飼養(yǎng)欄欄的時間Collections/person/hourisdependentondurationof:收集集/人力力/時間間依依賴賴于于March20,200568TraditionalCollectionPenDesign傳統(tǒng)統(tǒng)的的采采精精欄欄設(shè)設(shè)計計March20,200569種公公豬豬準(zhǔn)備備欄欄或或廄廄61cm伸縮縮門門技工工區(qū)區(qū)實驗驗室室，，材材料料和和運(yùn)運(yùn)輸輸區(qū)區(qū)。。實體體推拉拉門,114cm114cm228cm柱子子的的高高度度,81cm種公公豬豬種公公豬豬種公公豬豬種公公豬豬種公公豬豬種公公豬豬種公公豬豬假豬豬過道道Reicks種公公豬豬飼飼養(yǎng)養(yǎng)場場平平面面圖圖March20,200570BoarFlow––toWarmupStall種公公豬豬移移動動過過程程??去去預(yù)預(yù)熱熱（（準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)備備））欄欄March20,200571BoarFlow––EnteringWarm-upStall種公公豬豬移移動動過過程程??進(jìn)進(jìn)入入預(yù)預(yù)熱熱（（準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)備備））欄欄March20,200572BoarFlow––inWarm-upStall種公公豬豬移移動動過過程程??在在預(yù)預(yù)熱熱（（準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)備備））欄欄中中Boarsurinateanddefecateinwarm-upstall種公公豬豬在在預(yù)預(yù)熱熱（（準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)備備））欄欄中中排排糞糞排排尿尿March20,200573BoarFlow––ExitingWarm-upstall種公公豬豬移移動動過過程程??離離開開預(yù)預(yù)熱熱（（準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)備備））欄欄March20,200574BoarFlow––EnteringReicksCollectionPen種公公豬豬移移動動過過程程??進(jìn)進(jìn)入入Reicks采精精欄欄March20,200575BoarFlow––CollectionofSemen種公公豬豬移移動動過過程程??收收集集精精液液March20,200576BoarFlow––LeavingCollectionPen種公公豬豬移移動動過過程程??離離開開收收集集欄欄March20,200577BoarFlow––ReturningtoStall種公豬移動過過程?回到飼飼養(yǎng)欄March20,200578Reargateisopenedfromfrontalleywithapush-rod后門可以從前前面的過道用用一個推桿打打開Hingeononeside安裝在一側(cè)的的鉸鏈March20,200579Fulllengthviewofpushrod推桿的全圖Pushrod推桿March20,200580AroundpipeisweldedtobottomofU-shapedsteelslideandfunctionsaslatch一個圓形的管管子被焊接到到U形鋼滑片的底底部，其功能能類似門閂Makesuregatelatchisdesignedsoitcannotbeopenedbyaboar!門閂經(jīng)過仔細(xì)細(xì)設(shè)計，保證證門不會被種種豬拱開Roundpipe圓管March20,200581PushrodisliftedoutofU-shapedslide推桿可以抬高高并離開U形滑片Pushrod推桿Solidrod實體桿U-shapedslideU形滑片March20,200582Pushrodhasopenedreargate;thus,handleofrodisnexttoUclamp(seeredarrow)推桿已經(jīng)打開開了后門；因因此，推桿的的把手正在U形夾的旁邊（（請看紅色箭箭頭）March20,200583Reargatehasbeenopenedfromfrontalley.后門已經(jīng)被人人從前面的過過道打開了March20,200584Floor地板3.25“Feedingcylinder飼料筒6.75"6.75"6.75"6.75"6.75"6.75"4.75"4"4.75"4.75"4.75"4.75"4.75"4.75"4.75"Stainlesssteelleg不銹鋼支撐腿腿Stainlesssteelplate不銹鋼盤Designedby:D.G.Levis設(shè)計者：李維維斯April11,1996四月11日，19968".5".75"1"96"44"SideView側(cè)面圖Sidepartitionofaboarstall一個種豬飼養(yǎng)養(yǎng)欄的側(cè)隔欄欄March20,200585Warmingcabinetforcollectionequipment放置收集設(shè)備備的加熱（保保溫）箱March20,200586Semencollectiondevice精液收集裝置置Plasticsurroundscup塑料環(huán)繞杯子子Filterisattachedtocollectionbag過濾器連在收收集袋中March20,200587Collectsemeninahighlysanitarymanner.采精要求較高高的清潔衛(wèi)生生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Vinylgloves,non-powdered聚乙烯手套，，沒有滑石粉March20,200588SemenProcessingLaboratory精液處理實驗驗室Maintainahighstandardofhygiene保持高的衛(wèi)生生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Laboratoryseparatefromboarhousingarea實驗室室與種種公豬豬飼養(yǎng)養(yǎng)區(qū)分分開Semenhandcarriedtolaboratory精液被被人工工送至至實驗驗室Pneumaticsystemdeliverssementolaboratory使用壓壓縮空空氣推推動傳傳送系系統(tǒng)將將精液液送至至實驗驗室March20,200589Boarhousing/collectionfacility公豬飼飼養(yǎng)和和采精精設(shè)施施Semenprocessingfacility精液處處理設(shè)設(shè)施Semenisdeliveredfromthestudtothelaboratorythroughtheuseofanundergroundpneumatictube.精液從從公豬豬站輸輸送到到實驗驗室是是通過過地下下的氣氣動導(dǎo)導(dǎo)管。。SleezerFertilityCenter,Aurelia,IowaMarch20,200590SemenProcessingLaboratory精液處處理實實驗室室Laboratoryconnectedtoboarhousingarea實驗室室與種種公豬豬飼養(yǎng)養(yǎng)區(qū)相相連Pass-throughheatedcabinetbetweenthelaboratoryandboararea在實驗驗室和和種公公豬飼飼養(yǎng)區(qū)區(qū)之間間有可可加熱熱的傳傳遞箱箱Pass-throughcabinethasslidingwindowsordoorsoneachside;onlyonesideisopenatsametime在傳遞遞箱的的每一一側(cè)都都有滑滑動的的窗戶戶或門門；在在同一一時間間只有有一側(cè)側(cè)打開開March20,200591SemenProcessingLaboratory精液處處理實實驗室室Physicalstructure物理結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)Washablefloor可沖洗洗的地地板Wipe-cleanwalls可擦洗洗的墻墻壁Floor-mountedcupboards落地柜柜Wall-mountedcupboards墻壁柜柜March20,200592SemenProcessingLaboratory精液處處理實實驗室室Physicalstructure物理結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)Washableworksurface可沖洗洗的工工作表表面Doublesink兩個洗洗滌槽槽Sourceofhotandcoldwater冷熱水水源Electricalpowersupplyoneachwall在每一一面墻墻上都都有電電源插插座March20,200593SemenProcessingLaboratory精液處處理實實驗室室Laborefficiency工作效效率Providealogicalflowofworkandminimizedistancebetweenworkstations提供合合理的的工作作程序序，減減少工工作點點之間間的距距離Station1:Semenentry(determinevolume&spermconcentration)步驟1：精液液登記記（測測量體體積和和精子子濃度度）Station2:Semenevaluation(morphologyevaluation)步驟2：精液