旅游環(huán)境解說-理論與實踐：chapter 6 解說規(guī)劃

Chapter6InterpretivePlanning

解說規(guī)劃Plansarethedreamsofthewise-GermanproverbPlanninginterpretationdefineshowtointerpretacultural,historic,orotherresource.Plannersdescribewaystoproducerich,memorableexperiencesforinterpretiveclients.解說規(guī)劃是如何解說文化、歷史或者其他資源。規(guī)劃者為委托方（客戶）描述能夠產(chǎn)生豐富而值得記憶的體驗的方法。

Plansprovidestrategiestohelpinterpretersconnectthevisitortotheresourceanditscaretakers.Plansguidethesustainable

（可持續(xù)的）useoffacilitiesandfeaturessothatvisitorscanfindmeaninginthecultural,natural,andhistoricalvaluesofaplaceorregionanditssignificancetotheirlives.規(guī)劃提供策略幫助解說者把游客和資源及管理者聯(lián)系起來。規(guī)劃指導(dǎo)持續(xù)性地利用設(shè)施和景物，使游客可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在一個地方或區(qū)域文化、自然和歷史價值的意義，以及對于他們生活的意義。StrategiesInterpreter

VisitorResource

PlanMangers6.1Theessentialelement:Vision

不可或缺的要素：愿景Avisionguidestheplanningprocesstoachieveanend-target.Toooften,plannersstarttheirworkhearingaboutproblemsratherthanavisionortarget.

愿景指導(dǎo)規(guī)劃過程抵達最終目標(biāo)。通常，規(guī)劃者的工作從聽到一些問題開始，而非愿景。Theproblemsincludethingsasmundane(單調(diào)的，平凡的)aswhattodoaboutthewaterleaks,howtochangethetypeface（字體）onthebrochures,gettinganamphitheater（圓形劇場）,andreducingaccidentsattheoverlooks

-allimportantitem,butnotthevision.Iftheproblemsgettopbilling,theplannerbecomesashort-termtroubleshooter（紛爭解決者）.Thiscankilltheplanningprocess.Theleaderoftheteammustkeepbringingthefocusbacktoaccomplishingthevision.是些重要的問題，但不是愿景。如果這些問題放在頭等重要的位置，規(guī)劃者成為短期問題的故障檢修員。這會毀了規(guī)劃過程，項目小組的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一定保持集中完成愿景上。Semi-amphitheaterBLM’s（BureauofLandManagement

）planningstartswiththisgeneralvisionstatement:BLM’sinterpretiveprogramfostersanappreciationfortheresourcesandanunderstandingabouttherelationshipsbetweenpeopleandpubliclands.InterpretationcommunicatehowtheBLMmanagesresourcesandprovidesopportunitiesforpublicuse.解說項目培育對于資源的欣賞和對人與公共土地關(guān)系的理解。解說傳達ＢＬＭ如何管理資源和為公眾使用提供機會。AsaresultofBLM’sinterpretiveprogram,thepublicwillbemoreenvironmentallyresponsiblewhileenjoyingtheirpubliclands.作為解說項目的結(jié)果，公眾將在欣賞公眾土地時更環(huán)保負責(zé)。Fromthisbroadvision,thesitevisionevolves,focusingonwhatandhowtobestinterpretthesignificantsitetothevisitor.從廣義的愿景，發(fā)展出景點的愿景，強調(diào)什么是以及如何最好地為游客解說重要的景點。Todevelopasitevision,theteamcantrytouseazero-basedapproach,atleastatthebeginning.Mentally,wipetheslateclean,formoment,ignoreprogrammingthat“we’vealwaysdone”andavoidfocusingonbarriersandlimitation.Instead,askquestionssuchas發(fā)展景點愿景，團隊可以試圖用零基礎(chǔ)方法，至少在開始的時候。先暫時清除過去，忽略那些我們已經(jīng)做過的，避免強調(diào)障礙和限制，相反，問一些像這樣的問題：Whatdoes/shouldthissitereallymean?這個景點意味著什么？Whatsignificantstoriesdoes/canittell可以講什么樣的故事？Whatofgreatvaluedoes/couldavisitorgainandtakefromhere.游客可以從中得到什么？Thinkbroadly,dreamimaginatively,thinkanalytically,believeinwhattheorganizationanditspartnerscando,anddaretotakeathinkingrisk.VisionGoalsObjectivesStatingwhatitisthatyouexpectinterpretationshouldserveapurposeandsupportthemissionoftheagencyProvidedetailsabouthowgoalswillbeaccomplished.Specific&measurabletermSampleGoals:Tomaintainthesiteandhistoricalstructuresinaccordancewiththesecretaryofinterior’sStandardsandthecountyhistoricallandmarkdesignation.Toencourageindigenouspeopleenterprisescompatiblewith(兼容，共處）sustainablewildlifeconservationpractices.Examplesofgoals:YosemiteNationalPark“BearAware”campaignSampleManagementObjectivesThemajorityofvisitorswilltreattheforestwithrespectandstewardship;developalandusethic.ThemajorityofvisitorswillunderstandhowhistoriceventshelpedshapethepresentenvironmentintheAlleghenyregion.6.2Interpretiveprospectus解說章程Thekeydocumentfordevelopingaprospectusvarywiththeagencyanditsguidelines.Thefollowingfivestepscomprisestheprincipleelementsofaninterpretiveprospectus。發(fā)展解說章程的重要的文件隨著機構(gòu)和指導(dǎo)方針的不同而變化。下列五個步驟的包括了解說章程的原則要素。PlanningapproachesExperienceteachesthatifyougiveaplanninggroupaclearprocesstofollow,thingsgofaster.theinterpretiveplannercanuseoneofseveralapproachestoplanning.Aswrittentheyseemlinear,butthatisforsimplicityofexplanation.經(jīng)驗教導(dǎo)我們?nèi)绻o予規(guī)劃團隊清晰的過程去遵循，工作進展迅速。解說規(guī)劃者可以用幾種方法中的一種去規(guī)劃?？雌饋硎蔷€性的，但易于解釋。Manydifferentlinearplanningprocessesexist.Forexample,onecommongeneralplanningsequencefollowsthesefivesteps:1）definetheproblem/opportunity,soeveryonestartsfromthesamepoint.確認問題/機會，每人都從相同點開始2）gatherandanalyzethebasicfactsandconstraintsoftheopportunity收集和分析基本事實以及機會的約束條件3)suggestalternativesolutionsorrecommendations備選解決方案或建議4)establishcriteriaforanalysisandcomparisonofalternative建立分析的標(biāo)準和備選比較5）selectthesolutionanddescribeitsoitcanbeimplemented.選擇解決方案并描述，以便操作執(zhí)行6.2.1considertheclients考慮使用者6.2.2Definetheresource:interpretiveinventory（清單）確定資源，解說清單6.2.3Developthethemes發(fā)展主題6.2.4Prescribetheinterpretivemethodsandmedia提出解說方法和媒體6.2.5.Describehowtoimplementtheplan描述如何執(zhí)行規(guī)劃6.2.1ConsiderTheCientsMatchingresourcesandcustomersVisitors’needs,perceptionsandexpectationscontributetotheplanningprocess.Visitorsmayarriveinmanycategories,suchasSchoolgroupsseekingstructuredlessonsthatmatchtheircurricula（課程）.Touristbuseswithspecialinterestsamongtheirpassengers.Ininterpretation,demandcomesfromthevisitorsandotherclienteleandsupplycomesfromtheculturalandnaturalresourcesandthepeoplewhointerpretthemthroughpersonalandnonpersonalmethods.解說需求來自游客和其他的委托人，解說供給來自文化和自然資源以及通過人員和非人員解說的人們。Familiesandindividualswhoarrivewithdiverseinterestsrangingfromphotographingawesomescenerytodeepintellectualprobing(探索）ofmeanings,frommountainclimbingtobeachcombing。Theplannerseekstolearnwhotheclientsare,howtheyexperiencetheplace,heexistingfacility,visitorswillsuggesthowtoimprovevisitationexperiencesandhowtobettermanagefacilitiesandactivities.thesimplestwaytodothisinvolveshandingoutbriefquestionnairesordirectlyinterviewingvisitorsatrandomtimes.最簡單的方法是發(fā)放調(diào)查問卷，或直接隨機訪談游客。Thenstatistically（統(tǒng)計）analyzingandsegmentingtheresponses,focusgroupsofcitizensandadvisorycommitteesofexpertscanalsoprovideideas.Publicmeetingsmayberequiredbyagencyrules.然后統(tǒng)計分析和細分回應(yīng)。市民目標(biāo)群體和專家顧問委員會也可以提供一些方法。政府的規(guī)定可能要求公眾會議。

Statisticaldemographics（人口特征統(tǒng)計）,visitorsatisfaction,(游客滿意度）publicinvolvement（公眾參與）,willingnesstopay（愿意付款）,andmarketsegmentation（市場細分）processesmaycomeintoplayinaplanningprocess.Thefollowingthreemarket–focusedprocessesdealwithspecificplanningforhowvisitorwillbeabletointeractwiththeresourceinwaystheywillenjoyandthatwillproducememorableinterpretation.下面的三種關(guān)注市場的過程解決特殊的規(guī)劃，即游客如何與資源互動以一種他們喜愛并且能夠產(chǎn)生值得回憶的解說。1）Learnaboutthecustomers了解顧客Aretheylocaland/oroutside?Whatlanguagesdotheyspeak?Whatculturalcontext（文化背景）

andinterestsdotheybring?Howdotheyarrive?Bytourbus?Schoolbus?Foot?horse?automobile?TrainHowlongandwheredoorcantheystay?AretheyvisitingoutofatouristhotelcomplexacrosstheislandorwilltheycampintheforestHowdotheynowusethefacilityintermofactivities,sizeofgroup,andlengthofstay根據(jù)活動、團隊大小、停留時間他們?nèi)绾卫迷O(shè)施Totakeadvantageoftheresourcemorefully,whatmusttheydo?Stopbyforanhourortwoduringtheday?Togettheessenceortheimmersedexperience-therealvalueoftheplace-whatwouldinterpreteroffer/requireintermsoftime,movement,equipmentandguidedservice?Collecttheavailablevisitordatafromtheinterpretivestaffortheirconsultants.從解說工作人員或他們的顧問那里獲得資料Askfront-linestafffortheirobservationofvisitorneedsanddesires.詢問一線工作人員對于游客的需求和期望Conduct

（進行）interviewswithvisitororrequestresponsetoquestionnairesthatfocusonwhatthisplacedoesforthemandwhatitmightdo.進行訪談或者要求填寫問卷，集中于這個地方對于他們意味著什么，以及他們會做什么6.2.2DefineTheResource:InterpretiveInventory（清單）確定資源：解說清單Plannerslistandidentifythesignificanceofthefeatures,resources,andhistoryavailableforinterpretationatthesite.規(guī)劃者列出和確認可以在景點進行解說的重要的景物、資源和歷史。Separatingculturalandnaturalresourcesatfirsthelpstosimplifythetask.Later,thetwogetwoventogetherbyrelatingthemtothedominantandsubordinatethemes.首先區(qū)分自然和歷史資源可以幫助簡化任務(wù)。這兩者交織在一起可以把它們與主要的主題或副主題聯(lián)系起來。Culturalresourcesanalysisidentifiesthesignificanthumanstoriesofthearea.文化資源分析確認區(qū)域重要的人類故事Insomecasesthiscanbearecordofpeoplespendingthedayatonespot.SuchassomesitesontheLewisandClarkTrailandmanybattlefields.Othercases,thesignificancemaycoverpartofalifetimeorgenerationsoflifetimesspentatalocation,suchasthe“thisisourtraditionalhome”focusofmuchinterpretationbynativepeoplesinAustralia,Canada,andtheunitedstates.其他的案例，重要性可能延續(xù)一生或幾代人。如“這是我們傳統(tǒng)的住屋”，澳大利亞、加拿大和美國的原住民所關(guān)注的解說內(nèi)容。Naturalresourceidentificationandlistingleadstocoordinatingandprioritizing（優(yōu)先發(fā)展）thoseaspectsbytheirsignificance.Statementsofsignificancesuggestwhycertainresourcesare“special”or“representative”andhowtheymightguidethethemeofthearea.自然資源的識別和清單可以根據(jù)它們的重要性協(xié)調(diào)和確定優(yōu)先發(fā)展的方面。對于重要意義的陳述（聲明）建議為什某些資源是特殊的或者有代表性的，以及它們?nèi)绾我I(lǐng)這個區(qū)域的主題。Amongnaturalresources,theinterpretativeplannersgenerallydealwithwaterasglaciers,rivers,lakesorseas;geologyandtopographicfeatures(地質(zhì)地貌）;floraandfauna（動植物）;andsoils,atmosphere,andclimate.Theunifyingecosystemapproachrelatestocontinent.Theirsignificanceoftencomesfromthestoryoftheinterplayofthevariousresource.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)一體化方法與大陸相關(guān)聯(lián)，它們的重要性通常來自各種資源的相互作用。

6.2.3Developthethemes

Identifyingthedominantthemeshelpstofocustheentireinterpretiveprogram.Itgivesawaytotiediversecharacteristicsofthesitetogether.InthecaseofPompeysPillar,themainfocusofinterpretationiscaptainWilliamClark’stripalongtheYellowstone.確認主要的主題可以幫助集中在整體解說項目上。可以把景點多樣化的特點聯(lián)系在一起。在龐貝柱這個例子中，解說的主要焦點是WilliamClark沿著黃石的旅途。ThemesandsubthemesofvariousfeaturesonsiteconnecttheClarktripandthesite,throughacloseinterpretiverelationshipamongindoordisplays,outdoorexhibits,andself-guidingtrailsalongtheriverandtothehilltops(Montanastateoffice1998).景點上的各種景物的主題和副主題連接著Clark旅程和景點，通過室內(nèi)外的展陳近距離的解說關(guān)系，以及沿著河流的和通往山頂自導(dǎo)路徑.AtotalofaboutsevenexhibitthemesrelatedirectlytotheClarktrip.Anothersevenexplainedthesiteasacrossroadsintime,asecondmaintheme.Theexhibitsandinterpretivepresentationsofthismoreexpansivethemeshowtheimportanceofareafromitsgeologicalandtopographicorigins,andhumanuseoftheareaovercenturiesuntiltherailroadandfarmingera.SomeofthesewerekeptbriefsoastoenrichbutnottodistractfromClarkconnection.這個更廣闊的主題的展示和解說陳述從地質(zhì)和地貌的原生性顯示了這個區(qū)域的重要性，以及人類在這個區(qū)域的幾個世紀利用直到鐵路和農(nóng)業(yè)時代。一些這樣的說明保持簡短，這樣可以豐富Clark的聯(lián)系但又不會分散其主題ViewfromPompeysPillar

6.2.4Prescribetheinterpretivemethodsandmedia.Thisstepdefineshowtocommunicatethethemestothepublic.Thebalancebetweennonpersonalandpersonaldeliverymethodsisimportant.Theyconsiderwhenthevisitorcome,howlongtheystay,andwhattheyhopetodo.這個步驟確定如何把主題傳達給公眾，以及平衡非人員解說和人員解說的傳達方式是重要的。他們要考慮游客何時來，停留多長時間，希望做什么？Thedesignrecommendationsforfacilitiesandinterpretivemediastartwithnumbersbasedonvisitationpatterns.Theseincludefigurestoguidedesigncapacityfor“normal”peakdays,suchas:對于設(shè)施和解說媒體的的設(shè)計推薦開始于參觀方式的人數(shù)。這包括指導(dǎo)設(shè)計一般高峰日承載力的數(shù)量，如：Totalannualvisits：年游客總量Peakdayvisitors：高峰日游客Personsatonetimeonsite(normalpeak)景點瞬時人數(shù)（平常的高峰日）Numberofvisitorsintheinterpretivecenteratonetime在解說中心的游客瞬時數(shù)量Vehiclesatonetimeonsite在景點的瞬時車輛Thentheprescription（處方，建議）shoulddefinethetypeoflogisticalvisitorexperienceanditsfacilityimplications（作用）.Forexample,trackingatypicalinterpretivemuseumvisitfromapurelyfunctionalviewmightshowthissequence:規(guī)劃建議應(yīng)該明確合理的游客體驗和設(shè)施的作用。例如，從純功能角度追蹤典型的解說博物館參觀的角度可能顯示如下系列：Arrivebycarparkwalktothemuseum-outdoorandindoororientation(torestrooms,trails,gifts,programs)nearthemuseum-encountermajorthemestatementstosetupthecontextandprincipalmessagesflowthroughthemuseumexhibitsandtotheoutsidemovearoundthesitetomajorfeaturesandsatellitefacilities–returntomuseum-visitgiftshop-exitthebuildingandpremises.到達停車場走到博物館附近的區(qū)域（衛(wèi)生間、小徑、禮品、項目）遇到主要的主題陳述設(shè)立關(guān)聯(lián)和準則訊息；瀏覽博物館的展覽到外邊-在景點到主要的景物和次級的設(shè)施間流連-回到博物館的禮品店-走出這個建筑和建筑所屬范圍。37Ateachoftheselocations,considersignagenecessarytoorientanddirectvisitors,aswellasinterpretivesignageandexhibits,locationofpersonnel,andprovisionsforroomtohandlelines(rmationdesk;cashregisters;restroomentries;key,small,orinteractiveexhibits)groupgatherings,andcrossingpointsforfootandvehicletraffic.在這些地點，考慮標(biāo)識的必要性來引導(dǎo)和指引游客，以及解說標(biāo)識和展示，人員的地點，解決排隊的空間提供（如，信息臺，收銀機，衛(wèi)生間的入口，主要的、小型的或者互動的展示），團隊集合，步行或車輛交通的交叉點。Therecommendationthenproceedstodefinethevisitorcentersizeanddivisionofsquarefootageamongitsvarioususes,includingExhibitareas展示區(qū)域Auditorium（禮堂）(s)andmultipurposeroom(s)（多功能室）Sales,administrative（行政管理）,interpreter,andvolunteeroffices銷售、行政管理、解說和志愿者辦公室Foodanddrinkdispensing（食物和飲料配送）,lunchroom（午餐室）,oroutdooreatingarea（戶外餐飲區(qū)域）Classroomforgroupgatherings（教室）Unloadingcollectionanddisposalfacilities,includingsepticsystem（化糞池）andsolidwastedumpstersaccess.卸載的收藏和儲存的設(shè)備，包括固體廢物垃圾箱通道Asimilarsequentialpathmaybedevelopedforthevisitor’smind.Itwoulddefinethestrategyofarranginginterpretiveincidents(signs,exhibits,introductorytalks,immersionprograms,fieldwalksandexplorations)sotheyallowvisitorstochooseandbuildameaningfulexperience.Twoorthreepackagesofincidentscouldbeconcocted（調(diào)制）foreachmajortheme,oneforashortstayandothersforlongerstays.相似的系列計劃可能為游客心理而開發(fā)?？赡苁前才沤庹f項目確定的策略（標(biāo)識，展示，介紹性講話，浸泡式項目，徒步或探險），它們可以讓游客選擇和建立有意義的體驗。一個主題可以調(diào)制兩或三項整套的解說，一個為短期的逗留，其他的為長期的逗留。

PlanforvisitorexperienceExperientialmarketingplansrecognizethatvisitorsseekexperiences.游客尋求體驗Whentheylookatbrochures,theywantdepictions(描述)ofpowerful,deepexperiences.當(dāng)他們看手冊時，他們要有力而深入的體驗描述。PlanformemoriesDuringtheplanningprocess,thinkmarketing-matchingvisitordesirestotheresourceandprogram.Alsothinkpostexperiencememories.Mapthesiteformakingmemoriesofaninterpretiveexperience.Whileplanning,thinkaheadtomemoriespeoplewilltake,andthememoryenhancersthatwillrecalltheirinterpretiveexperience–sometimebeyondthecaport-shirtwithDisneyemblazoned（紋樣裝飾）onit.迪斯尼小鎮(zhèn)（Disneytown)櫥窗First,lookforandplanthebestanmostpowerfulmemoriesthatavisitcanprovide.Thismayinvolveaspectacularscene,aspecialactionordemonstration,theoldtree,orsomepersonalachievement.這可能涉及到壯觀的景色，特殊的動作和演示，古樹或者是一些個人的成就identifyplacesandfeatureswheretheywilltakepicturesandmakeitpossibletoputthemselvesinthepicture.Second,developmemoryenhancementsrelatedtothesekeyplaces,themostcommonoftheseincludevideos,t-shirtandpostcards.However,interpretershaveinventedmanymoreintriguing,site-specificsouvenirs,simpleartpieces.Someofmosteffective,wherepermitted,includeasmallcollectionofidentifiedrocks;解說者還發(fā)明了很多引人入勝的，具有景點意義的紀念品，簡單的藝術(shù)品。在允許的條件下，最有效的是包括識別石頭的收集。areplicaofanartifactassimpleasarifleball（步槍球）oraselaborateasthelibertybellminiature（自由鐘迷你版）.Themostmeaningfulcomefromvisitorartorcraftsataninterpretiveevent.Thesereinforceandremindthevisitoroftheinterpretivethemesandexperience.6.2.5.DescribehowtoimplementtheplanAbalanceofskillsinthedesignandimplementationprocessrequirescooperativeworkbetweeninterpreters,architects,landscapearchitects,andengineers.Theirrecommendationsappearinamasterplan（總體規(guī)劃）,inconstructionplans,andinlandscapedesigns.Thesemustcommunicateclearlyandsimplywiththeconstructionteam.在設(shè)計和執(zhí)行規(guī)劃過程中的技術(shù)平衡，要求在解說者、建筑師、園林師和工程師之間的合作。他們的建議會出現(xiàn)在總體規(guī)劃、建設(shè)規(guī)劃和景觀規(guī)劃中，這必須與建造團隊有清晰而簡潔的溝通。6.3Developingstatementsofthemes

發(fā)展主題聲明Themesarethoseideassoimportantthateveryvisitorleaveswiththemimbedded（植入）inthemind.Selectingthebest,mostimportant,mostrelevant,mostinterestingandmostappropriatethemesmaybesimpleoritmaybeagonizing（苦苦思索）,itusuallyrequiresanarrowingorfocusingprocess.Thevisionstatementshouldsuggestkeythemes.Likewise,thegeniusloci–theessenceoftheplace,itscharacter,itsspecialqualities,itssignificance-shoulddirecttheselectionofthemes.Selectionofthethemesmaystartwithfoundingpurposeorlegislationfromtheboardofdirectorsorlegislature.Sometimes,however,interpretersmustreadthethemesfromthesiteitself.Anyonewhoworkshardonaninterpretivesitecanfindmanypossibilitiesforinterpretingnaturalandhistoricalphenomenainthearea.任何在解說地點努力工作的人都可以找到為解說自然和歷史現(xiàn)象的許多可能性。為香山公園寫主題聲明：

E.g.BlueRidgeParkwayinterpretivethemes：Culture

TheBlueRidgeParkwayconservesdiverseandimportantexamplesofarchitecture,industryandtransportationassociatedwiththepeopleandcommunitiesofthemountainsinsouthernAppalachia.NatureThefivemountainrangesoftheBlueRidgeParkwayincludetheoldestmountain-buildingprocessesintheworldandcontaineconomicallysignificantminerals.SummaryInterpretiveplanningboilsdowntothesesteps:1）Gatheringbackgroundfactsandquestions-goals,targetaudiences,opportunities,options,andcircumstancesorlimitations.搜集背景資料和問題——目標(biāo)，目標(biāo)受眾，機會和選擇，環(huán)境和限制因素2)makingplanningdecisions-theme(messages)mediaprescriptions,priorities,確定規(guī)劃決策——主題（訊息）媒體的應(yīng)用，優(yōu)先發(fā)展的項目3）implementingtheplan.執(zhí)行規(guī)劃（實施）Aboveall,planningrequirestherightinformation.Theplannerseeksandfindsfactsandoptions.Thebestplannershavetheskillandimaginationtogetandusethebestinformation.Theyknowhowtogather,perceive,andcomprehendtheinformation,andtransmititsoitleadstoeffectivedecisions.Theyhaveaknack（技能，本領(lǐng)）forgettingfeeloftheplace,thesensitivityaboutwhatisimportant.Planningrequiresimagination.Creativethinkingsimplymeanslookingatthingsindifferentwaysfromthenorm.Planningneedsamodernmarketingtwist.Starttheplanbygatherinformationonthepotentialconsumer.Createenjoyableandenrichingexperienceandopportunitiesfortheconsumerthroughtheplan.案例：GlennHighwayNationalScenicBywayInterpretivePlan

GlennHighway國家風(fēng)景小道解說規(guī)劃

56名稱的由來及簡要歷史：GlennHighway國家風(fēng)景小道從阿拉斯加最大的城市Anchorage,蜿蜒了137.5英里，經(jīng)過冰川雕刻的Matanuska河谷。有關(guān)Byway的文化和自然歷史的故事隱藏在沿途的城鎮(zhèn)和景觀之中。人類利用歷史約6000-7000年左右1898年美國軍隊上校EdwinForbesGlenn下令探索這條廊道，從這次探索中獲得的信息以及其他的開拓活動促進了礦工和狩獵者探索Matanuska河谷。2000年3月，被批準為州級風(fēng)景小道并獲得許可進行廊道規(guī)劃準備。2003年被批準為國家風(fēng)景小道。57解說規(guī)劃的主要意圖

改善現(xiàn)有的解說設(shè)施，通過提供更多解說機會和足夠的休息區(qū)域提升旅游者體驗，提供旅游者有關(guān)Byway資源的信息，提供機會來了解Byway的自然、風(fēng)景、文化、游憩以及考古資源鼓勵地方社區(qū)、企業(yè)、和居民的參與，培育擁有感（ownship)有利于Byway的商業(yè)

TheGlennHighway國家風(fēng)景小道解說規(guī)劃是阿拉斯加小道的第一個解說規(guī)劃，對于未來規(guī)劃具有參考意義。58596061解說目標(biāo)以游客理解其意義的方式提供解說主題，各種解說媒體相互配合講述Byway的故事；發(fā)展和整理項目、設(shè)施和媒體譜（spectrum）：62?發(fā)展多樣主要主題講述Byway的故事?通過閱讀相關(guān)的解說展示的故事或通過其他媒體，游客應(yīng)該能夠用一句話概括出主題。?呈現(xiàn)所有的Byway主題?滿足參觀群眾細分市場的所有興趣和教育水平?對所有人來說都是能夠進入并使用的?解說材料應(yīng)該與Byway相關(guān)并包括各種媒體

?人員解說應(yīng)該能夠滿足各種年齡層?各單體解說板和解說展示將與主要的解說主題相關(guān)?主題應(yīng)該使用專業(yè)解說技巧和多種媒體來展示

?應(yīng)該定義解說材料中的科學(xué)詞匯，使大多人能夠理解?規(guī)劃者應(yīng)該考慮旅游者的主要興趣保證解說能夠滿足他們的期望和需求InterpretiveThemes

解說主題

63Glenn快速路國家風(fēng)景小道最最重要的主題：TheGlennHighwaycorridorisanaturalpathwaybetweentheseaandinteriorGlenn快速路廊道是連接海洋和內(nèi)陸的廊道Theme1.Dynamic,naturalforcescontinuetoshapetheBywayjustastheyhaveforthousandsofyears.千百年來動態(tài)的自然力量持續(xù)不斷地形成的風(fēng)景小道次主題：水和風(fēng)不斷地鍛造風(fēng)景沿著風(fēng)景小道沿著冰川的快速廊道是半英里厚的冰原的殘余覆蓋這里有幾千年。當(dāng)它們前進或后退，冰川顆粒落下，累積沉積，形成了典型的景觀6465冰川風(fēng)景Theme6.對于Byway的第一批居民考古和古生物學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)啟發(fā)了研究者和一般大眾。

考古學(xué)家相信在溪流上游（UpperCook）入口對于人類不適居住。約12000年以前動物首先居住在大片的土地上；在LongLake的考古點證明人類居住在這條走廊至少有6000-7000年歷史

動植物化石顯示在百萬年前生物們是什么樣66Interpretivesite解說點

沿途15個解說點AnchorageMuseumofHistoryandArtAlaskaNativeHeritageCenterAlpenglowatArcticValleySkiAreaEagleRiverNatureCenterNativeVillageofEklutnaEklutnaLakeKepler-BradleyStateRecreationArea*SouthPalmerStationandAlaskaStateFairgrounds……AlpineHistoricalParkMatanuskaGlacierStateRecreationSiteChickaloon–Knik–NelchinaTrailSystem6768Eaglerivercenter69提出具體的解說地點:景點名稱解釋主題地點

解說重要性

景點目標(biāo)

項目描述

推薦解說媒體如：解說展板707172解說規(guī)劃案例——Mt.GoliathNaturalAreaInterpretiveMasterPlan

區(qū)域簡介：Bristleconepines狐尾松（地球上最古老的松樹之一）Krummholz高山矮曲林

INTRODUCTIONAvisittoMt.Goliath,asub-peakofMt.Evans,isahighlightformanyofthemorethan1,500dailyvisitorswhotraveltheMt.EvansScenicByway.Mt.Goliath,是埃文斯（Evans）山的次山峰，旺季每日約有1500的游客。Mt.Goliathprovidesanopportunityforvisitorstohaveanup-closeexperiencewithancientbristleconepines（狐尾松）。alpineplantlife,wildlife高山植物，野生動物,andthegeologicalfeaturesoftheMt.Evansmassif.埃文斯山山丘地貌Mt.GoliathNaturalAreaisatatransitionzonebetweensub-alpineandtundra–aplaceofalmostmagicalbeauty.高山湖泊——EchoLakeMt.Goliath自然區(qū)域在亞高山和苔原（Tundra）的轉(zhuǎn)換地帶——具有驚人的美麗。Background背景In1958,DenverBotanicGardensandtheU.S.ForestServiceenteredintoacooperativeagreementtobuildandmaintainanaturetrailatMt.GoliathNaturalArea.Thatyear,ahardscrabble（簡易的）parkinglotwascarvedintothebywaytoaccommodatethegrowingnumberofvisitorsseekingtoenjoythespectacularscenery,plantlife,andwildlifeofthearea.1958年，Denver植物園和美國林業(yè)局進入合作領(lǐng)域建立和維護Mt.Goliath自然區(qū)域的自然路徑。同年，建立了停車場來接納不斷增長的游客。

Since1958,hundredsofvolunteershaveworkedtoprotectandenhancetheremarkableresourcesofMt.GoliathNaturalArea.Theconstructionoftheparkingareaandtrailallowedvisitorstoexplorethewildflowers,bristleconepine,krummholz,willow,wildflowers,andspruce-firalpinecommunitiesthatmaketheareaunique.從1958年開始，成千上萬的自愿者致力于保護和提高Mt.Goliath自然區(qū)域的資源。為游客探索發(fā)現(xiàn)野生花卉、狐尾松、高山矮曲林等的路徑使這個區(qū)域變得獨特。In1996,theGardenClubofDenverjoinedwiththeForestServiceandDenverBotanicGardenstorehabilitateandimprovethesiteandmakeitamoreenjoyablestopalongtheMt.EvansNationalScenicByway.1996年，Denver園林俱樂部加入到林業(yè)局和Denver植物園，恢復(fù)和改善景點，使其更沿著Mt.Evans國家風(fēng)景道路的景色讓人更流連忘返。狐尾松world-renownedrockgardenexpertZdenekZvolanekdesignedandbuiltauniquealpinerockgardenusingplantsnativetothemountain.Plantingofthegardenbeganimmediatelyandcontinuestoday.Itisthoughttobetheworld’shighestconstructedrockgarden.世界著名的巖石園專家ZdenekZvolanek利用山區(qū)鄉(xiāng)土植物，設(shè)計和建立了一個獨特的高山巖石園，被認為是世界上最高的巖石園。In2003,aNationalScenicBywaysgrantwasawardedtoDenverBotanicGardenstocompleteinterpretiveplanning,displaydesign,development,andinstallationfortheDosChappellNatureCenter.ThisInterpretiveMasterPlan(IMP)isthefirststepofthatprocess.2003年，國家風(fēng)景小路撥給Denver植物園資金完成解說規(guī)劃，展示設(shè)計，開發(fā)、建造DosChappell自然中心。這個解說總體規(guī)劃是整個過程的第一步。PurposeandNeed目的和需要PasteffortsrelatedtoScenicBywayCorridorPlanninghavegeneratedsubstantialdemographicandtravelinformationaboutvisitorstotheByway.Naturalandculturalfeatures,andexistinginterpretivemediahavealsobeenextensivelyinventoried.Interpretiveideashavebeengenerated,whichidentifybroadgoalsandsuggesttopicsforthesite.Itsupplementspreviouseffortsbyprovidingspecificinterpretiveobjectives,themes,storylines,anddesignguidelines.Itwillguidedevelopmentofinterpretiveproductstomeetthesegoalsandobjectives。ItintegratesForestServiceandpartnermessagestocreateanincomparableinterpretiveexperience.通過提供特殊的解說目標(biāo)、主題、故事情節(jié)和設(shè)計導(dǎo)游線，將指導(dǎo)解說產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)。并與美國國家林業(yè)局及其伙伴的訊息相整合創(chuàng)造出非凡的解說體驗。NewTargetAudiences目標(biāo)受眾：Heritagetourismgroups遺產(chǎn)旅游團隊-Heritagetouristsareinterestedinlearningabouttheuniquearchaeological,historical,andculturalhistoryofanarea.Familieswithchildren帶小孩的家庭團隊–TheproximityofMt.EvanstoDenverandthediversityofbywayresourcescouldbeusedtomarketthebywaytofamilygroups.Ecotourists生態(tài)旅游者–Thebyway’sabundantandvisiblewildlife,scenicvistas.Basedonvisitorsurveys,theCorridorManagementPlan,andotherinput,therecommendationsforinterpretationatMt.GoliathNaturalAreaarethat:在資源及現(xiàn)狀普查的基礎(chǔ)上給出的建議：InformationshouldincludeasolidorientationthatincludestheoverallinterpretivethemeofMt.GoliathNaturalAreaandtheScenicByway(forfirst-timevisitors).Interpretationcanincludemoresophisticatedand/orcomplexmessagesthanwhatistypicallytargetedtothegeneralpublic.However,itshouldalsoincludeoptionsforchildren,andthosewithlessinterest.解說還應(yīng)包括更復(fù)雜的訊息而不是只針對一般的大眾。應(yīng)該包括對兒童的解說以及不太感興趣的群體。Interpretivedisplaysshouldbeeasilychangedandupdatedtoattracttheinterestofapotentiallygrowingnumberofreturnvisitors.解說陳列應(yīng)該易于變換和更新吸引潛在的重游游客。Interpretivedisplaysshouldbeveryeye-catchingandimmediatelyintriguingtoentice(吸引）visitorstoexpandtheirstaybeyondtheestimated10-20minutes.

解說陳列應(yīng)該非常吸引眼球而且立即引起游客的注意并且增加停留時間。Mt.GoliathNaturalAreacanserveasagoodfitforElderhostelmembers.Anot-for-profitgroup,Elderhostelistheworld’slargesttravelorganizationforpeopleofretirementage.Becausetheirfocusisoneducation,thisgroupfitstheprofileofourtargetaudience.Mt.Goliath自然區(qū)域?qū)τ贓lderhostel成員是很好的旅游目的地。這是一個非營利組織，是世界最大為退休老人的旅游組織。因為他們主要的目標(biāo)是教育，這個群體也適合我們的目標(biāo)受眾。STATEMENTSOFSIGNIFICANCEMt.Goliath自然區(qū)域重要性聲明StatementsofsignificancecapturetheuniquenatureandintrinsicqualitiesoftheMt.GoliathNaturalAreathatareimportanttotheForestService,DenverBotanicGardens,andthevisitor.What’ssospecialaboutMt.Goliath?Whatmakesitdistinctiveonastate,regional,ornationalscale?Whydoesitinspireyou?Whyshouldanybodycareaboutthearea?1.It’saPackageMt.GoliathNaturalAreaisauniqueandaccessible“package,”providingopportunitiesforeverylevelofhikerandexplorer.Inarelativelysmallarea,thevisitorisexposedto:這是一個吸引力集聚地（It’s