LEARNING英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中意群的構(gòu)建

STRUCTUREOFGROUPMEANINGINENGLISHLEARNING(英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中意群的構(gòu)建)（一）意群的構(gòu)建在單項(xiàng)選擇題中制作：張利青意群指的是在英語(yǔ)交際中表達(dá)一個(gè)詞組、一個(gè)句子或一個(gè)段落的完整的意義。意群對(duì)于學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的過(guò)程中理解句子和段落大意以及文章中心思想都有很重要的作用。在意群構(gòu)建學(xué)習(xí)中，如下幾點(diǎn)是關(guān)鍵：a.構(gòu)建意群的整體性(completion)各個(gè)意群是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體，在意義上不能把它們分割開(kāi)來(lái)。如：Jennyispleasantto_____.A.sayB.speakC.talkD.talkto答案D，強(qiáng)調(diào)了整體性，因?yàn)橐馊簍alktosb.與前面的Jenny有關(guān)。又如D------Whomwouldyourather_____withyou,MaryorJune?------________.A.go,NeitherB.havego,EitherC.havegone,EitherD.havetogo,Both答案B，強(qiáng)調(diào)了意群是havesb.dosth.,與前面的whom有構(gòu)成整體的關(guān)系。B

b.重視意群的分裂性(separation)。即把一個(gè)意群的整體分裂開(kāi)來(lái)。如：Johnplaysthepiano______,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas答案B，說(shuō)明意群的整體是，JohnplaysthepianoaswellasDavid,只是中間插了一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)notbetterthan(=ifhedoesn’tplayitbetterthanDavid.)把意群的整體分裂開(kāi)來(lái)。B又如：Thefellowinrags,_____nobodyseemedtosayanything,triedtoexplainthathewasnotabeggar.towhomB.aboutwhomC.whoD.whom答案A，說(shuō)明Thefellowinragstriedtoexplain…，是意群的整體,只是中間夾了一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如果不注意意群的構(gòu)建的話，就會(huì)很容易誤選B答案。AC.關(guān)注意群的位移(displacement)這種現(xiàn)象經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在倒裝句.感嘆句和疑問(wèn)句中，如：

Notuntilallthefishintheriverdied____howseriousthepollutionwas.

A.didthepeoplerealize

B.thepeoplerealized

C.thevillagersdidrealized

D.didn’tthevillagersrealized

A答案A。這是個(gè)否定詞位移的倒裝句，原本的意群是

not…until…,即Peopledidn’trealizehowseriousthepollutionwasuntilallthefishintheriverdied.又如：Howhappythechildrenare____eachotheragain.A.

seeB.toseeC.sawD.seen答案B，表明原本的意群是BThechildrenarehappytoseeeachother.只是在感嘆句中把happy作為被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分調(diào)到前面去了。d.把握意群的省略(omission)。即把意群中的某個(gè)部分省去，意義還是完整的如：Ididn’tnoticedituntil_____.A.

itistooB.beingtoolateC.toolateD.betoolate答案C，表明完整的意群是Cuntilitwastoolate.又如：Youcanhaveanothertwodays’leave,if/whennecessary.很明顯if/whennecessary的完整意群是if/whenitisnecessary.e.留意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)(punctuationmarks)如逗號(hào)，分號(hào)；等:1.Johnwentuptotheboy,pattinghimon

theshoulder,and___

himaway.BA.takingB.tookC.totakeD.take2.LastSunday,ImetMarry,______wasmyfriend.3.LastSunday,ImetMarry;_____wasmyfriend.4.LastSunday,ImetMarry,and____wasmyfriend.A.whoB.sheC.herD.whomABBExercises1.Thoseplasticflowerslookso____thatmanypeoplethinktheyarereal.2.---Tom,youaresolazy.Thisjoboughttohavebeenfinishedhoursago.---Sorry,Iknowit_____.A.ShouldhavedoneB.musthavebeenC.oughttobeD.shouldhavebeencD3.Whenthecountrycallsyouforhelp,you____.A.can’tgoB.shouldnotbutgoC.can’’thelpbutgoD.can’tbutgo4.---Isthehouseattheendofthestreetstillforsale?---No,it___.DD5.Marytriedhardtofindajobbutshehadno___.A.troubleB.luckC.timeD.chance6.---Doyouenjoythesetwonovels?---Ishouldif____ofthemwerewrittenlively.A.eitherB.eachC.everyD.allAB7.They____100,000dollarsfortheoldhouse.Andnowthey‘veboughtanewone.8.Theold