高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題六 史地常識(shí)型閱讀理解精品 新課標(biāo)

專題六史地常識(shí)型閱讀理解專題六史地常識(shí)型閱讀理解.專題導(dǎo)讀專題六

│專題導(dǎo)讀史地常識(shí)型文章通常介紹異域風(fēng)光，歷史事件，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大我們的視野和對(duì)其他國家，尤其是對(duì)英語國家的了解。因此史地常識(shí)型文章經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在高考閱讀理解中，其趨勢(shì)是：1．選材：英語國家的主要名勝或歷史事件，歷史年代。2．命題：以細(xì)節(jié)題為主，有部分推斷題。3．知識(shí)：涉及一定的地理常識(shí)或歷史知識(shí)。史地常識(shí)型文章多以細(xì)節(jié)題為主，著重考查考生理解文中具體信息的能力。細(xì)節(jié)題一般分為以下幾類：.專題六│專題導(dǎo)讀1．排序題：根據(jù)事件發(fā)生的先后順序和句子間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事件的正確順序。一般采用“首尾定位法”來做題。即先確定出第一個(gè)和最后一個(gè)事件，縮小范圍，得出答案。2．圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題：根據(jù)短文描寫找出相應(yīng)圖形或根據(jù)圖形找出答案。一般采用“文史鎖定法”，(找出文字，按“文”定“圖”)或“圖形標(biāo)示法”(在圖中標(biāo)出內(nèi)容，以便理解)。3．?dāng)?shù)字換算題：根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)，找出換算關(guān)系，計(jì)算并得出答案。.專題六│專題導(dǎo)讀4．表格理解題：看懂行和列分別代表的意義，正確理解，做出選擇。5．同義轉(zhuǎn)換題。6．代詞指代題：理清人物、事件間的邏輯關(guān)系，使人物、事件更加條理化，簡(jiǎn)明化。.專題六

│真題典例真題典例[2011·安徽卷]Thinkaboutthedifferentwaysthatpeopleusethewind.Youcanuseittoflyakiteortosailaboat.Windisoneofourcleanestandrichestpowersources(來源),aswellasoneoftheoldest.Evidenceshowsthatwindmills(風(fēng)車)begantobeusedinancientIranbackintheseventhcenturyBC.TheywerefirstintroducedtoEuropeduringthe1100s，whenarmiesreturnedfromtheMiddleEastwithknowledgeofusingwindpower.

.專題六│真題典例Formanycenturies,peopleusedwindmillstogrind(磨碎)wheatintoflourorpumpwaterfromdeepunderground.Whenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate1800s，peoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity.Thisallowedthemtohaveelectriclightsandradio.However,bythe1940swhenelectricitywasavailabletopeopleinalmostallareasoftheUnitedStates,windmillswererarelyused.

.專題六│真題典例Duringthe1970s，peoplestartedbecomingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatiscreatedwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity.Peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoalandgaswouldnotlastforever.Then,windwasrediscovered,thoughitmeanshighercosts.Today,thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind.【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹人們使用風(fēng)的幾種不同方式?？梢苑棚L(fēng)箏，可以揚(yáng)帆航行，還是最清潔最豐富的能源，很早以前人們就開始用風(fēng)能發(fā)電了。.專題六

│真題典例()1.Fromthetextweknowthatwindmills________.A．wereinventedbyEuropeanarmiesB．haveahistoryofmorethan2,800yearsC．usedtosupplypowertoradioinremoteareasD．haverarelybeenusedsinceelectricitywasdiscovered【解析】

C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段Whenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate1800s,peoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity.Thisallowedthemtohaveelectriclightsandradio.可知風(fēng)車在偏遠(yuǎn)的地區(qū)曾用來發(fā)電，人們可以照明和聽廣播。.專題六

│真題典例()2.Whatwasanewuseforwindpowerinthelate19thcentury?A．Sailingaboat.B．Producingelectricity.C．Grindingwheatintoflour.D．Pumpingwaterfromunderground.【解析】

B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段第二句Whenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate1800s,peoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity.可知在19世紀(jì)末期，人們開始用風(fēng)車來發(fā)電。.專題六

│真題典例()3.Oneofthereasonswindwasrediscoveredinthe1970sisthat________.A．windpoweriscleanerB．itisoneoftheoldestpowersourcesC．itwascheapertocreateenergyfromwindD．thesupplyofcoalandgasfailedtomeetneeds【解析】

A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章最后一段前兩句可知“人們從20世紀(jì)70年代開始關(guān)注燒煤和氣來發(fā)電產(chǎn)生的空氣污染，而且煤和氣不會(huì)持久。”盡管風(fēng)能發(fā)電成本高，但是人們還是開始重新考慮用風(fēng)能發(fā)電。.專題六

│真題典例()4.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A．Theadvantagesofwindpower.B．Thedesignofwindpowerplants.C．Theworldwidemovementtosaveenergy.D．Theglobaltrendtowardsproducingpowerfromwind.【解析】

D推理判斷題。從文章最后一句可知作者下段可能會(huì)討論全球用風(fēng)能發(fā)電的趨勢(shì)。新題預(yù)測(cè).專題六

│新題預(yù)測(cè)

(一)PetsarenostrangerstotheWhiteHouse.ManyofAmerica’sPresidentshavebeenanimallovers.Inrecenttimes,WhiteHousepetshavebeentamedogsandcats.Longago,however,presidentialpets,likeournationitself,werewilder!

新題預(yù)測(cè).專題六

│新題預(yù)測(cè)In1806,PresidentThomasJeffersonlivedintheWhiteHouse.Passers-byoftencaughtsightofhispetbears.Explorershaddiscoveredthesefiercebears,caughtapairofsmallones,andsentthemtoJefferson.WhilethePresidentwasexcitedabouthisbears,hisenemiesinCongressconstantlylaughedathispets,callingtheWhiteHouse“ThePresident’sBearGarden”．.專題六

│新題預(yù)測(cè)By1825,thebearswerelonggonefromtheWhiteHousescene.NowthebuildingwashometoPresidentJohnQuincyAdamsandhiscrocodile.ThegreenbeastactuallybelongedtoGeneralLafayette,aFrenchherowhohadhelpedtheUnitedStateswintheRevolutionaryWar.WhenLafayetteaskedAdamstokeepthecrocodileforhim,thePresidentcouldn’trefuse.WhilePresidentAdamsbabysatthehugecrocodile,FirstLadyLouisaAdamswasbusyraisingthousandsofsilkworms.Sheusedthesilkfromthesilkwormstomakeclothforherdresses..專題六│新題預(yù)測(cè)WhenPresidentMartinVanBurenmovedintotheWhiteHousein1837,hebroughthistigerswithhim.Atleast,VanBurensaidthetigerswerehis.TheSultanofOmanhadsentthetigerswhenVanBurenwaselected,soCongressarguedthatthecatsbelongedtotheAmericanpeople.Afightoverthetigerscontinuedformonths.Intheend,Congresssentsomeonetoseizethetigersandputtheminazoo.

.專題六

│新題預(yù)測(cè)Twentyyearslater,PresidentJamesBuchananreceivedanothervaluablegiftwhenhewasinhisfirstyearintheWhiteHouse.Thistime,theKingofSiamsentseveralelephants!Buchananhadnodesiretosharehisbuildingwiththebigcreatures,sohesentthemtothezoo.Buchanandid,however,keepanothergift—apairofbirds.Theywereafittingsymbolofpresidentialpower.【解析】飼養(yǎng)寵物一直是西方人的喜好，然而在白宮內(nèi)總統(tǒng)飼養(yǎng)寵物還是一件新鮮事。本文以時(shí)間為順序詳細(xì)講述了美國總統(tǒng)飼養(yǎng)寵物的趣事。.專題六

│新題預(yù)測(cè)()1.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninferthat________.A．thepetsthePresidentsraisedwereallhugeonesB．thepetsthePresidentsownedwerealltheirfavoriteonesC．thePresidentskeptthepetsnotonlyathomebutinthezooD．thePresidents’petswerenotonlycaredaboutbytheirfamilies【解析】D推理判斷題?？捎门懦?。.專題六

│新題預(yù)測(cè)()2.HowdidthePresidentsmentionedgettheirunusualpets?A．Theygotthemintheforest.B．Theyboughtthematthemarket.C．Thepetsweregiventothembyothers.D．Theirfamilymembersofferedthemthepets.【解析】

C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章中一共提到ThomasJefferson,JohnQuincyAdams,MartinVanBuren,JamesBuchanan等美國總統(tǒng)，他們的寵物都是別人贈(zèng)送的。.專題六│新題預(yù)測(cè)()3.WhatsimilarpoliticaleffectdidJefferson’sbearsandVanBuren’stigershave?A．Thepetsmadethemhappyandgay.B．Ittookthemtoomuchtimetolookafterthem.C．Itmadepeoplebelievethattheywereanimallovers.D．ItbroughtaboutdissatisfactionwiththeminCongress..專題六│新題預(yù)測(cè)【解析】

D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段的…h(huán)isenemiesinCongressconstantlylaughedathispets,callingtheWhiteHouse“ThePresident’sBearGarden”和第四段的…soCongressarguedthatthecatsbelongedtotheAmericanpeople.Afightoverthetigerscontinuedformonths.可知這兩位總統(tǒng)在白宮養(yǎng)寵物引起了國會(huì)的反對(duì)。

.專題六

│新題預(yù)測(cè)()4.PresidentJamesBuchanangotelephants,whilePresidentBillClinton,whocametopowerabout________yearslater,keptdogsaspets.A．nearlytwohundredB．overonehundredandthirtyC．a(chǎn)boutonehundredD．a(chǎn)roundforty-five

【解析】

B由文章最后一段可知PresidentJamesBuchanan得到大象時(shí)是在1857年，而BillClinton是在1992年競(jìng)選當(dāng)總統(tǒng)的，相距135余年了，因此選項(xiàng)B為答案。.專題六│新題預(yù)測(cè)(二)ISLANDSintheworldarefamousfordifferentthings.ButHawaiiisspecialforitsvarietyoffeatures.Beautifulsandybeaches,activevolcanoes(火山),agreatcanyon(溪谷)andspecialhistoryandcultureadduptocreateitsfamouslyromanticatmosphere.Formedbyvolcanoesatthebottomofthesea,theHawaiiislandsarelikeanecklace(項(xiàng)鏈)inthemiddleofthePacificOcean,6,000kilometresoffthewestcoastofMexico.Thereareeightmainislandsinthegroup：Hawaii(orBigIsland),Maui,Kahoolawe,Lanai,Molokai,Oahu,Kauai,andNiihau..專題六

│新題預(yù)測(cè)Theyoungestandbiggestisland,alsocalledHawaiiwasformed430,000yearsagoandisstillgrowing.Kauai,theoldestwasformed5.1millionyearsago.Fortourists,thesightofthelava(熔巖)thatstillflowsfromsomeofthevolcanoesdowntothesea,isamajorattraction.HawaiiisthenewestandsmalleststateintheUS.In1900theislandsjoinedtheUS.InmodernhistoryitwillalwaysberememberedfortheattackonPearlHarborbytheJapaneseairforce1941..專題六│新題預(yù)測(cè)About1,000yearsagotheislandsweresettledbyPolynesians(波利尼西亞人)．CaptainJamesCookledthefirstgroupofWesternerstherein1778.NativeHawaiianshaveaspecialcultureandlanguages.AlthoughnowadaysEnglishistheofficiallanguageofHawaii,folkmusicanddancingarestillwidelypracticed.Thetraditionaldanceoftheislandsisthehula,aHawaiianwordthatmeansdance..專題六│新題預(yù)測(cè)Hawaii’sreputationforromancewasspreadwhenHollywoodstartedtouseitstypicalmusicinmoviesinthe1960s.Today,Hawaiiisfamousforitsmixofcultures.Chinese,JapaneseandFilipinosalllivethere.Chinesearrivedintheislandsasearlyasthelate18thcentury.DrSunYat-sen,thefamousChineserevolutionary,grewupthere..專題六│新題預(yù)測(cè)EveryoneinHawaiiisamemberofanethnicminority(少數(shù)民族)andgenerallytheyexistinapleasantharmony(和諧)ofracesandcultures.【解析】本文是說明文。全文說明了夏威夷的形成以及自然與人文風(fēng)情。.專題六│新題預(yù)測(cè)()1.WhichofthefollowingdirectlyledtotheformationoftheHawaiiislands?A．Thesea.B．Thevolcanoes.C．Theviolentmeetingoftheearth’sdifferentplates.D．Thenonstopturningoftheearth.【解析】

B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段Formedbyvolcanoesatthebottomofthesea我們可以得出答案。.專題六│新題預(yù)測(cè)()2.Whichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectorderofthelistedevents?a．JapanattackedHawaii.b．TheHawaiiislandsbecamepartoftheUS.c．Hawaiibegantobeknownforromance.d．FirstgroupofChinesesettledthere.A．d,b,c,aB．b,d,a,cC．d,b,a,cD．b,a,d,c.專題六│新題預(yù)測(cè)【解析】

C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文中Chinesearrivedintheislandsasearlyasthelate18thcentury我們知道d排在第一位，因此排除B，D。從文章知日本空軍在1941年襲擊珍珠港，從短文倒數(shù)第四段知Hawaiibegantobeknownforromance是在二十世紀(jì)六十年代。.專題六│新題預(yù)測(cè)()3.NativeHawaiianscomefrom________.A．AsiaB．theWestC．SouthAmericaD．Polynesia【解析】

D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從About1,000yearsagotheislandsweresettledbyPolynesians我們可以得出答案。.專題六│新題預(yù)測(cè)()4.ThemainideaofthestoryisaboutHawaii’s________.A．historyB．geographyC．cultureD．features

【解析】D主旨大意題。全文既講了夏威夷的地理概況，又講了它的歷史，因此D為最佳答案。..9、靜夜四無鄰，荒居舊業(yè)貧。。2023/1/112023/1/11Wednesday,January11,202310、雨中黃葉樹，燈下白頭人。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/20239:43:58AM11、以我獨(dú)沈久，愧君相見頻。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/11Jan-2311-Jan-2312、故人江海別，幾度隔山川。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/11Wednesday,January11,202313、乍見翻疑夢(mèng)，相悲各問年。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/202314、他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國見青山。。11一月20232023/1/112023/1/112023/1/1115、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。。。一月232023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/202316、行動(dòng)出成果，工作出財(cái)富。。2023/1/112023/1/1111January202317、做前，能夠環(huán)視四周；做時(shí)，你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點(diǎn)的射線向前。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/112023/1/119、沒有失敗，只有暫時(shí)停止成功！。2023/1/112023/1/11Wednesday,January11,202310、很多事情努力了未必有結(jié)果，但是不努力卻什么改變也沒有。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/20239:43:58