高三情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Modalverbs

常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can（could）may（might）shall（should）will（would）must（must）dare（dared）need（need）havetooughttobeabletousedtoEg:Hehastogohomenow.Eg:Hehadtolookafterhissickmother.Thefeature(特點(diǎn))ofthemodalverbs:

1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有詞義,但詞義不完全.2.不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),只能和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ).

3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化(除“haveto”).4.沒(méi)有不定式、V-ing

、V-ed

形式.

在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用中,我們要注意以下考點(diǎn):1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法。2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+P.P的用法。3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的用法。4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的反意疑問(wèn)句的用法。5.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特殊短語(yǔ)的用法。6.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法歸納1.表“能力”Eg:Can

youliftthisheavybox?Eg:I

couldn’tunderstandwhathesaidatall.注意：beableto

表示經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力后,才能做得到的“能力”.且有多種時(shí)態(tài).表示成功完成某一具體工作時(shí)，用was/wereableto,而不用could.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_____getout．A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasabletocan,could的用法2.表“請(qǐng)求,許可”could用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求的時(shí)候比can更委婉CanyouhelpmewithmyEnglish?HesaidIcouldborrowhisbike.CouldIuseyourbike?—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou____．

A.might

B.willC.can

D.should3.表“可能性”can,could

用在肯定句中表示理論上的可能性，“經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談”Asahumanbeing,anyonecanmakeamistake.can,could用在疑問(wèn)句中表推測(cè),表示可能性Whatonearth

can

thismean?can,could用在否定句中表推測(cè)，翻譯成“不可能

”Wethoughtthestory

couldn’t

betrue.

1.Mary____beinParis，forIsawherinthetownonlyafewminutesago．A．mustn'tB．can'tC．shouldn'tD．maynot2.MyMP4playerisn’tinmybag.Where

____Ihaveputit?A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would1.表“詢(xún)問(wèn)”(might比用may更客氣.)MayI…?(=CanI…?)MightI…?(=CouldI…?)MayIborrowyourbook?may與might用法—MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?—________.A.No,youneedn’tB.Not,please.C.No,youmustn’tD.No,youwon’t注意：mayI…?的答語(yǔ).肯定:Yes,youmay.否定:No,youmustn’t

(語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)硬)No,youmaynot.

或No,you’d

better

not.2.表“許可”YoumaytaketheboythereHesaidthatImightusehistelephone.—MightIwatchTVaftersupper?—Yes,you________.A.mayB.mustC.mightD.could3.表推測(cè)，表示主觀上的推測(cè)，“可能，也許”，通常只用于陳述句,不用于疑問(wèn)句,might比may的可能性更小Shemaynotlikethisplace.I’mafraidhemightnotlikethisplace.Peter＿＿＿＿comewithustonight，butheisn’tverysureyet．A．mustB．mayC．canD．will1.must表示主觀上的必須，應(yīng)該，沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)變化。

YoumustdoeverythingasIdo.注意:—MustIfinishmyhomeworktoday?—Yes,youmust.

—No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.must的用法“必須、不得不”must表示的是說(shuō)話人的主觀看法。haveto

表示的是客觀需要。（是由于某種外界（客觀）原因而“必須”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的事“必須”做。）haveto的否定形式表示不必。haveto可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)中。Youwillhavetocleanyourownbootswhenyoujointhearmy.Ihavetobeatmyofficeeveryevening.1.Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations,you___takecareofyourluggage.

A.canB.mayC.mustD.will2.—Musthecometosignthispaperhimself?

—Yes,he

_______.A.need

B.must

C.may

D.will

3.Someaspectsofapilot’sjob_____beboring,andpilotsoften_____workatinconvenienthours.

A.can;haveto

B.may;can

C.haveto;may

D.oughtto;must

2.must表示肯定的推測(cè)。Thelightisstillon,sohemustbeathome.Lookathisnewcar.He______havealotofmoney.A.shouldB.shallC.mayD.must3.must表示“一定要”、“堅(jiān)持”“偏要”、“偏偏”。表示與說(shuō)話人的愿望相反.Ifyoumustgo，atleastwaittillthestormisover．Mustyoumakesomuchnoise？你偏要弄出那么多噪音？—MayIsmokehere?

—Ifyou____,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.

A.should

B.could

C.may

D.must4.mustn’t

表示禁止做某事。

Youmustn’tsmokeintheoffice.WhenIwasyoung,IwastoldthatI______playwithmatches.A.wouldn't

B.needn't

C.mustn't

D.daren't

shall作助動(dòng)詞，用于第一人稱(chēng)，表示將來(lái)，should

是shall

的過(guò)去式

WeshallstartforBeijingtomorrow.shall作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1：用于第一人稱(chēng)和第三人稱(chēng)，表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示

Shallwebeginourlesson?

ShallI/shesithere?

shall與should用法--Sir,____hegoorstay?--Lethimgo.A.willB.shallC.mightD.could2:shall

用于第二、三人稱(chēng)，表示允諾、警告、威脅、命令、決心等。

Youwantedjustice,soyoushallgetjustice,morethanyouwanted.Youshallhaveanicepresentforyourbirthday.

Youshallbesorryforwhatyouhavedone.

Whenhecomesinnobodyshallsayaword.

Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingoutthisplan.(允諾)(允諾)(警告)(命令)(決心)1.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates(候選人)____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall2.—Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.—You___havemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.A.shan’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.shouldn’t3).shall用于條約，規(guī)定，規(guī)章等文件中，表示一種義務(wù)，多用于第三人稱(chēng)中?！癟heinterest___bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall1.should=oughtto

表示勸告，建議，意為“應(yīng)該”，oughtto

語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)些，強(qiáng)調(diào)“有責(zé)任，有義務(wù)做”A:I’llstarttheworktomorrow.B:Ithinkyoushouldstarttoday.C:No,yououghttostartatonce.(語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)）should/oughtto的否定形式表示“不應(yīng)該”Childrenshouldn’tsmoke.—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?—It________be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.willB.wouldC.shouldD.mustWhattimeoughtI_______?A．a(chǎn)rrivedB．a(chǎn)rrivingC．a(chǎn)rriveD．toarriveHe_______speaktohismotherlikethat.A．oughtnottoB．doesn’toughttoC．notoughttoD．oughttonot2.

should

可表示說(shuō)話人的感情如“驚奇”“憤怒”“失望”“不滿(mǎn)”等.翻譯為“竟然，居然”I

don’t

believe

that

the

little

girl

should

speak

two

different

languages!我不相信這個(gè)小女孩竟然能說(shuō)兩種不同的語(yǔ)言！Ican’tbelievemyeyes.Suchwell-educatedgentleman____behavelikethis!wouldB.shouldC.canD.must3.should表推測(cè),意為“可能；該”,相當(dāng)于beexpectedto。往往指具有一定的客觀根據(jù)或根據(jù)推理對(duì)現(xiàn)在某事發(fā)生的“可能性”進(jìn)行描述，語(yǔ)氣上不如must強(qiáng)。Mr.Black

must

behomebynow.Mr.Blackoughtto/should

behomebynow.布萊克先生現(xiàn)在一定到家了。（肯定）布萊克先生估計(jì)是到家了。（不能肯定）2.—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They______bereadyby12：00．

A．canB．shouldC．mightD．need3.It’snearlyseveno’clock．Jack_____behereatanymoment．

A．mustB．needC．shouldD．can1.—WillMr.Wangofferusahand?—He______begladto．Heneverrefusedourrequest．

A．canB．mustC．mayD．should

1.

will

作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)在陳述句中可用各人稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ),表示其“意志”“意愿”“決心”等.

Iwillneverdothatagain.Iwillgiveupsmoking.—Don’tforgettobringmynewbookstomorrowafternoon.—No,I＿＿＿＿＿＿.A.don’tB.can’tC.won’tD.couldn’twill和would的用法2.will

在疑問(wèn)句中用第二人稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ),表示說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)示或詢(xún)問(wèn).不如would委婉Will/Wouldyoupassmethebook?Willhepayforme?Wouldyouliketocomewithus?3.

will

有時(shí)表示一種習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或自然規(guī)律.(表示習(xí)慣,經(jīng)常性,傾向性)慣于,總是(會(huì)),終歸是。Boyswillbeboys.男孩終歸是男孩。Matcheswillnotstrikeiftheyaredamp.火柴潮濕就擦不著。

Thedoor_______open.這門(mén)經(jīng)常打不開(kāi)。won’twould

可用于各人稱(chēng),表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的“意志”“愿望”和‘決心”.2.

would表示說(shuō)話人本身的“意志”或向?qū)Ψ教岢觥罢?qǐng)求’.

3.

would

還可以表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.Heusedtotakeawalkneartheforestintheevening.（現(xiàn)在可能散步也可能不散步了）usedto表示過(guò)去常常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的習(xí)慣，但現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在了。

Hewouldtakeawalkneartheforestintheevening.

（而現(xiàn)在不散步了）Ronald______stayinhissmallgardenforalongtimeeverydayinthepast.A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.would1.作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用，常用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。Dare(need)+S+VS+daren’t(needn’t)+VIdaren’twalkthroughtheforestatnight.Dareyouwalkthroughtheforestatnight?Youneedn’treturnthebooknow.Needhedoitallatonce?可兼做行為動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：need、daredare,need的用法2.作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用，常用在肯定句中,

有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、和數(shù)的變化Heneedstogotherehimself.Hehasgrownup,wedon’tneedtoworryabouthim.3.Sth(sb)need(want,require)+doing/tobedoneThehouseneedscleaning/tobecleanedTheboyneedssendingtothehospitalatonce.句型時(shí)態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dare實(shí)義動(dòng)詞dare肯定句現(xiàn)在時(shí)daredodare/darestodo過(guò)去時(shí)dareddodaredtodo否定句現(xiàn)在時(shí)daren’t/darenotdodo/doesnotdare(to)do過(guò)去時(shí)darednotdodidnotdare(to)do疑問(wèn)句

現(xiàn)在時(shí)Darehedo?Doyou/Doeshedare(to)do?過(guò)去時(shí)Daredhedo?Didhedare(to)do

1.Iwonderhowhe____thattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay2.Iwonderhowshe

thedrunkensailortheotherday.

A.darefightingoff

B.daredfightoff

C.daretofightoff

D.daredfightingoff3.Thedog

hibernate(冬眠)inwinter.

A.don'tneed

B.doesn'tneedto

C.needsnotto

D.needsnot注意對(duì)need問(wèn)句的回答:--NeedIfinishtheworktoday?--Yes,________________.No,________________.No,________________.youmustyouneedn’tyoudon’thavetoneedn’t對(duì)其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答:--ShallItellJohnaboutit?--No,you__________.

--Mustwedoitnow?--No,you__________.

needn’t(don’thaveto)needn’t(don’thaveto)can/may/must/need問(wèn)句的回答方式Can/Couldyoudosth.Yes,I/we/can/couldNo,Iwecan’t/couldn’tMayIdosth.?Yes,No,youMustI/wedosth.?Yes,NoyouNeedIdosth.?Yes,No,you疑問(wèn)句式肯定句式否定答式y(tǒng)oumay.mustn’t/maynot.youmustneedn’t/don’thaveto.youmust.needn’t/don’thaveto.1.must+have+過(guò)去分詞，表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)過(guò)去事物的推測(cè)。

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+P.P.He

must

havetoldmyparentsaboutit.

他一定把這件事情告訴我父母親了。It'ssixo'clockalready,wemusthavebeenlateagain.

已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了，我們一定又遲到了2.can’t/couldn’t+have+P.P表示對(duì)過(guò)去某事的否定猜測(cè)He

couldn’thavebeentothattown.3.may(might)+have+P.P,表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的猜測(cè),認(rèn)為某事“可能”發(fā)生.(might比may更含蓄,或更不肯定.)Hemay(might)haveplayedelectricgameonTVthewholenight.(Forhelooksverysleepy.)could+have+P.Pa.表示本來(lái)能做得到,但事實(shí)上未做到can+have+P.Pb.表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)(只用于疑問(wèn)句)Hecouldhavefinishedthetaskontime,buttheheavysnowcame.Hedidn’tcomebacklastnight.Whatcouldhavehappenedtohim.4.should/oughtto+have+P.P.→過(guò)去本該做，而事實(shí)上卻沒(méi)有做，表“責(zé)備”或“惋惜”

shouldnot/oughtnotto+have+P.P.→過(guò)去本不該做，而事實(shí)上卻做了，表“責(zé)備”或“惋惜”Theplantisdead.Ishouldhavegivenitmorewater.Youshouldnothaveleftyourbabyaloneinthehouse.5.needn’t+have+P.P.表示本來(lái)不必做，但做了.Sheneednothaveattendthemeetingyesterday,butshedid.1.Theriverisrising.It________lastnight.mustberaining

B.mustrainC.mighthaverainedD.musthaverained2.Ididn’thearthephone.I___asleepA.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen3.----Wedidn'tseeTomatthemeetingyesterday.----He

it.

A.mustn'thaveattended

B.cannothaveattended

C.needn'thaveattended

D.wouldhavenotattended4.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.---It____acomfortablejourneyA.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen5.You

yesterdayifyouwerereallyseriousaboutyourwork.

A.oughttocome

B.oughttobecoming

C.oughttohavecomeD.oughthavecome6.You______alltheseparcelsyourself.Theshopwouldhavedeliveredthemifyouhadaskedashopassistant.A.didn’tneedtocarry

B.needn’thavecarriedC.needn’tcarry

D.didn’tneedcarry7.Mr.White___at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving8.—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.—You___herlastweek.A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhavetold情態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的使用:wouldliketodo…wouldratherdo…wouldrather+從句wouldprefertodo...hadbetterdo...情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特殊短語(yǔ)用法can和could的一些固定搭配1.can’t/couldn’thelpdoing

忍不??；不禁…Hecan’thelplaughing.2.can’t/couldn’tbut+動(dòng)詞原形只好…；不得不…Icouldn’tbutadmitthathewasrightandIwaswrong.3.cannot/couldn’t…too+副詞/形容詞;cannot/couldn’t…+副詞/形容詞+enough無(wú)論…也不過(guò)分；越…越好Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhencrossingthestreet.Icannotthankyouenough.may和might的某些固定搭配maywell+動(dòng)詞原形理應(yīng)…;有足夠的理由…Wemaywellsaysheisagoodteacher.2.may/mightaswell+動(dòng)詞原形不妨…;還不如…----Youneverlisten----Imightaswelltalktoabrickwall.3.may…but…

或許會(huì)…但是…Shemaybebeautiful,butsheiscool.英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中dare的幾個(gè)常用結(jié)構(gòu)：○Idaresay...我想，大概，可能，或許……Idaresaythingswillimprove.○Howdareyou...?

你怎么敢……？Howdareyouaskmesuchaquestion?○Idareyou...

我諒你也不敢……Idareyoutotellyourparents!情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的反義疑問(wèn)句haveto用于反意問(wèn)句Youwon’thavetoworryaboutrankorspy,willyou?Hehadtowaitforthenextbus,didn’the?Hermotherisill.Sh