四級(jí)長(zhǎng)對(duì)話聽(tīng)力技巧及練習(xí)

聽(tīng)力長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的聽(tīng)前技巧分析

聽(tīng)力長(zhǎng)對(duì)話是四級(jí)考試中的一大難點(diǎn),它篇幅長(zhǎng)、信息量大,因此做這部分題時(shí),技巧的運(yùn)用就顯得很有必要。本期我們分析聽(tīng)力長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的應(yīng)試技巧,希望對(duì)考生有所幫助,盡可能多抓分。一、分析選項(xiàng),把握方向。

命題人設(shè)置選項(xiàng)的依據(jù)是自己所出的問(wèn)題,因此每個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是有意義的。如果我們?nèi)サ暨x項(xiàng)的枝葉,提取它們的共同點(diǎn),就會(huì)得到題目的大意,聽(tīng)時(shí)便會(huì)省力省時(shí)。例如:Q:WheredidshegettheideafortheHarryPotterbooks?A)Shedoesn’treallyknowwheretheyoriginated.B)Shemainlydrewonstoriesofancientsaints.C)Theypoppedoutofherchildhooddreams.D)Theygrewoutofherlonghoursofthinking.分析這四個(gè)選項(xiàng),勾出每一項(xiàng)的主干:S(主語(yǔ))、V(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)和O(賓語(yǔ)),可以得到:選項(xiàng)A)she,(doesn’t)know,wheretheyoriginated；選項(xiàng)B)she,drewon,stories；選項(xiàng)C)they,poppedoutof,child-hooddreams；選項(xiàng)D)they,grewoutof,thinking。根據(jù)"they""stories"和"dreams"或者"thinking"等可以感覺(jué)選項(xiàng)是關(guān)于"stories"的靈感來(lái)源。在聽(tīng)了對(duì)話內(nèi)容和題目后,考生會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題與我們的猜測(cè)大體一致。二、聽(tīng)重點(diǎn),抓關(guān)鍵,悟語(yǔ)氣。1.topicsentence是關(guān)鍵。英文對(duì)話有個(gè)特點(diǎn)——總分結(jié)構(gòu):回答者總是先說(shuō)generalidea,然后再講detail,或者exactexplanation,因此注意首句,抓topic,將會(huì)減輕很多聽(tīng)力負(fù)擔(dān)。例如:W:That’smoreexpensivethangold.Isitreallyworththatmuch?M:I’msureitis.Industriesdependonourgovernmentagencytomonitortheaccuracyofscalessothatwhentheybuyandselltheirproductsthereisonestandard.Thinkofthedrugindustry...Q:Whatdoesthemanprobablythinkaboutthecostofthenewweight?A)Itisasmallamounttopayforsomuchpreciousmetal.B)Itisdifficulttojudgethevalueofsuchanobject.C)Itisreasonableforanobjectwithsuchanimportantfunction.D)Itistoohighforsuchalightweight.此題選C)。此段系節(jié)選,對(duì)話講述記者電話采訪官員,談?wù)撡?gòu)買(mǎi)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)秤的意義:新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)秤由于選用材料質(zhì)量更高,故購(gòu)價(jià)不菲。但是截取的這段話中,有效信息就是一句很明白的話"I’msureitis"(我認(rèn)為它值得)。聯(lián)系上下文,這句話很明顯地表明了此段話的generalidea,緊接著進(jìn)一步解釋。抓住這句topicsentence就會(huì)很輕松地選出正確答案C)。.keywords是重點(diǎn)。keywords主要指S(主語(yǔ))、O(賓語(yǔ))和V(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞),抓住它們,是對(duì)付長(zhǎng)句和結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜句的有效方法,有助于我們了解細(xì)節(jié)。例如:W:Butiftheastronomersdidn’tseetheplanetsthroughatelescope,howdidtheyfindthem?M:Byaveryindirectmethod.Umm,theastronomersmeasuredsubtledistortionsinthefrequencyofthelightfromtheparentstarsandobservedthatsomeofthestarsseemtorockbackandforth.Theydeterminedthatthisiscausedbythegravitationalpullfromorbitingplanets.Q:Howdidscientistsestablishtheexistenceoftheplanets?A)Theystudiedvariationsintheappearanceoftheparentstars.B)Theywereabletoseetheplanetswithatelescope.C)TheycomparedtheparentstarstotheSun.D)Theysentastronautsonamissionintospace.此題選A)。此段為節(jié)選,講述天文學(xué)家確定太陽(yáng)系外行星的方法。分析"...theastronomersmeasuredsubtledistortionsinthefrequencyofthelightfromtheparentstarsandobservedthatsomeofthestarsseemtorockbackandforth."這個(gè)句子發(fā)現(xiàn),keywords為"theastronomers"、"measured"、"subtledistortions"、"observed"和"someofthestars"。考生便可猜測(cè)出與選項(xiàng)A)中"variations"有關(guān)的選項(xiàng)。故選A)。3.speaker的語(yǔ)氣是提示。speaker的升降調(diào)可謂弦外之音,表達(dá)了某種情感,或"surprised","excited"或"sad"。通過(guò)這些,我們可以更好地把握一些關(guān)于"imply"和"infer"的問(wèn)題。例如:M:Thatwasprettyrealistic,butthentherestofthemoviejustwentfrombadtoworse.Andthephotographywassoterrible!W:Howdoyouknow?Youwereasleepmostofthetime.SoIdon’tthinkyouareinapositiontojudgethephotography!Itwasn’tthatbad.Q:Whichwordmaydescribethewoman’sattitudetowardthephotography?A)Absurd.B)Fantastic.C)Exciting.D)Boring.此題應(yīng)選B)。woman在說(shuō)這段話時(shí),語(yǔ)氣較重,升調(diào)很多,暗含了她對(duì)man的評(píng)價(jià)很不滿,甚至有種責(zé)備的意味。因此woman對(duì)影片拍攝的評(píng)價(jià)態(tài)度與man相反。故選B)。聽(tīng)力技巧重在捕捉信息、進(jìn)行邏輯推理以及常識(shí)判斷。不過(guò)技巧終歸是技巧,無(wú)法等效替代平時(shí)的練習(xí)。畢竟,Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves(天助自助者)。最后祝大家四級(jí)考試順利過(guò)關(guān)！聽(tīng)時(shí)技巧技巧一：話題與場(chǎng)景的判斷－－第一句話的核心詞匯揭示答案。長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的第一題很可能就會(huì)針對(duì)對(duì)話的第一句話提問(wèn)，涉及整個(gè)對(duì)話的主題。技巧二：?jiǎn)柎鹬械募?xì)節(jié)－－聽(tīng)到什么選什么。長(zhǎng)對(duì)話中正確選項(xiàng)一般都是對(duì)話中原詞再現(xiàn)，較少用同音，音近詞作干擾項(xiàng)。簡(jiǎn)而言之，在長(zhǎng)對(duì)話中，包含實(shí)際意義的問(wèn)答內(nèi)容（尤其是特殊疑問(wèn)句）往往是細(xì)節(jié)題的考查點(diǎn)。答題的基本原則就是聽(tīng)到什么選什么。技巧三：根據(jù)結(jié)尾處的核心詞鎖定答案。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，對(duì)話結(jié)尾處的建議句型是考查要點(diǎn)。對(duì)于這種建議題，解題的關(guān)鍵在于抓住建議句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)長(zhǎng)對(duì)話聽(tīng)力的線索把握(如08/12)一個(gè)訪談?lì)惖墓?jié)目，聽(tīng)力的線索在于womanspeaker的提問(wèn).把握訪談?lì)悓?duì)話聽(tīng)力的線索以及長(zhǎng)對(duì)話開(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾和中間出題的規(guī)律長(zhǎng)對(duì)話話題轉(zhuǎn)折處必出考題，準(zhǔn)確把握“轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)”才不會(huì)在考場(chǎng)上loseyourself問(wèn)題形式長(zhǎng)對(duì)話還有以下的問(wèn)題形式：

Whataretheytalkingabout?

Whatthemaintopic/ideaoftheconversation?此類(lèi)題目在問(wèn)長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的主旨?？忌枰⒁?，長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的主旨一般在對(duì)話的前六句基本明朗，所以此時(shí)即可出手開(kāi)始選擇答案。注意對(duì)話人對(duì)于話題的態(tài)度當(dāng)否定句，疑問(wèn)句出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，往往是對(duì)話人態(tài)度趨于明朗的時(shí)候。另外語(yǔ)調(diào)的變化對(duì)于解題也很重要。尤其是升調(diào)的句子。關(guān)注社會(huì)上發(fā)生的各種話題建議09年6月的考生可以適當(dāng)關(guān)注社會(huì)上發(fā)生的各種話題，擴(kuò)大自己的知識(shí)面，掌握一部分社會(huì)術(shù)語(yǔ)(socialjargon),如“過(guò)渡性退休”（phasedretirement），一次性塑料袋（disposableplasticbags,0812四級(jí)作文考題）等。同時(shí)再次強(qiáng)調(diào)詞匯量對(duì)于廣大四級(jí)考生的重要性。單詞的音形義要全面掌握，派生單詞及詞組力求一網(wǎng)打盡,才能更好得備戰(zhàn)聽(tīng)力考試。

模擬篇這里共有6篇長(zhǎng)對(duì)話模擬試題。大家點(diǎn)擊右下角的小喇叭就有對(duì)應(yīng)的音頻，第二個(gè)conversation1,2分別對(duì)應(yīng)mp3文件3，4。Conversation3,4對(duì)應(yīng)mp3文件5，6。每個(gè)conversation的內(nèi)容依次是：?jiǎn)栴}選項(xiàng)，對(duì)話文本，答題詳解。Conversation11.A.gotosummerschool.B.takeavacation.C.stayathome.D.earnsomemoney.2.A.theyhiredsomeonetostayintheirhouse.B.theylefttheirpetswiththeirneighbors.C.theyrentedtheirhousetoastudent.D.theyaskedtheirgardenertowatchtheirhome.3.A.walkingthedog.B.cuttingthegrass.C.watchingthechildren.D.feedingthefish.1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodothissummer?D.推斷題。男士說(shuō)不能只是閑著(sitaround)，但有沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的工作(jobavailable)，說(shuō)明他想干些工作。Note:文章開(kāi)頭往往是出題之處。2.WhatdidtheDoddsdowhentheywentawaylastsummer?A.細(xì)節(jié)題。A是原文hiredMargarettostayintheirhouse的另一種表述方法。C是強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)。3.Whatisoneresponsibilitythehouse-sitterprobablywon’thave?C.細(xì)節(jié)題。Note:注意except,insteadof這類(lèi)詞出現(xiàn)的地方，往往是出題之處。M:Ireallydon’tknowwhattodothissummer.Ican’taffordtojustsitaround,andtheredon’tseemtobeanyjobavailable.W:Whydon’tyoutryhouse-sitting?LastsummermyfriendMargarethouse-satfortheDoddswhentheywentawayonvacation.Mr.DoddhiredMargarettostayintheirhousebecausehedidn’twantitleftempty.M:YoumeantheDoddspaidMargaretjusttoliveintheirhouse?W:Itwasn’teasy.Shehadtomowandwaterthehouseplants.AndwhenErichouse-satforMr.Dodds,hehadtotakecareofhispets.M:House-sittingsoundslikeagoodjob.Iguessit’salittlelikebaby-sitting–exceptyou’retakingcareofahouseinsteadofchildren.W:Thestudentemploymentofficestillhasafewjobsposted.M:DoIjusthavetofilloutanapplication?W:MargaretandErichadtointerviewwiththehouseownersandprovidethreereferenceseach.M:Thatseemslikealotoftroubleforasummerjob.W:Thehouseownerswantsomeguaranteethattheycantrustthehouse-sitters.Youknow,theywanttomakesureyou’renotthetypewhowillthrowwildpartiesintheirhouse,ormoveagroupoffriendsinwithyou.M:House-sitterswhodothatsortofthingprobablyaren’tpaidthen.W:Usuallytheyarepaidanywayjustbecausethehomeownersdon’twanttomakeafuss.Butifthehouseownerreportedit,thenthehouse-sitterwouldn’tgetanotherjob.So,whydon’tyouapply?1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodothissummer?2.WhatdidtheDoddsdowhentheywentawaylastsummer?3.whatisoneresponsibilitythehouse-sitterprobablywon’thave?Conversation24.A.toapplyforastudentloan.B.todiscussadecisionhehasmade.C.toaskforaletterofrecommendation.D.tofindoutwhichcollegesacceptedhim.5.A.thelaboratoriesarenotwellequipped.B.theclassesaretoolarge.C.it’stooexpensive.D.it’stoofarawayfromhome.6.A.ithasabeautifulcampus.B.professorsregularlypublishtheirresults.C.itisinanurbansetting.D.facultymembersinteractwithstudents.7.A.toinvestigateborrowingmoneyforcollege.B.tochooseanewmajor.C.toacceptaninternshipatthesateuniversity.D.tolookforajobasabiologist.4.whydoesJohngotoseethewoman?B.女士在開(kāi)頭就說(shuō)：“畢竟又有多少學(xué)生會(huì)那么幸運(yùn)，填報(bào)的第一，二志愿都得到錄取呢？”But之后的內(nèi)容是考點(diǎn)，要特別聽(tīng)清楚。5.WhatconcerndoesJohnhaveaboutthestateuniversity?B.選項(xiàng)中的too和notwell預(yù)示著會(huì)就大學(xué)不太令人滿意的地方提問(wèn)。女士說(shuō)周立大學(xué)生物系享有聲譽(yù)，但John說(shuō)該系是大班教學(xué)。6.WhatdoesJohnconsidertobeanadvantageoftheWhiteStoneCollege?D.要聽(tīng)清楚問(wèn)題問(wèn)的是哪間大學(xué)。7.Inthefuture,whatisJohnlikelytodo?A.談話主要內(nèi)容快結(jié)束的時(shí)候，如果出現(xiàn)建議型句子，往往是考點(diǎn)。W:HelloJohn.Youmustbepleased.Afterallhowmanystudentsareluckyenoughtohavebeenacceptedattheirfirstandtheirsecondchoices?M:NotmanyIknow.ButI’mnotsureyetwhichonetochoose.I

…W:Well,youseemtohavedoubtsaboutthestateuniversity.Butitsbiologydepartmenthasafinereputation.Whatmorecouldabiologymajorwant?M:Yeah.Andtheyalsohaveinternshipsforseniors.Butafriendtoldmethatforthefirsttwoyearssomelectureshaveahundredandfiftystudents.Youprobablywouldn’tgettoknowanyofyourteachers.W:Well,youmightactually.Becausethoseclassesalsohavesmalldiscussionsections.Theymeettwiceaweekandhavenotmorethantwentystudents.M.Iknow.ButI’veheardthattheyareactuallytaughtbygraduatestudents.AtWhiteStoneCollegeallclassesaretaughtbyprofessors.W:Whataboutsetting?SoyoupreferasmalltownlikeWhiteStone?Orabiggerplacelikethestatecapital?M:Thatdoesn’tmattertome.WhatIdocareaboutisgettingindividualattentionfromthefacultyandmakingfriends.W:Look,I’veknownyouforfouryearsnowandyouseemtobeaprettyout-goingperson.Idon’tthinkyouwillhaveanytroublemakingfriendsatthesateuniversity.ItsoundstomethatyouareleaningtowardsWhitStonethough?M:Iam.TheonlyproblemisthattheWhiteStone’stuitionisreallyhighandI’mnotsureIcanaffordit.W:Youcouldstillapplyforastudentloanorsignupforawork-studyprogram.M:Yeah.IthinkI’lllookintothat.4.whydoesJohngotoseethewoman?5.WhatconcerndoesJohnhaveaboutthestateuniversity?6.WhatdoesJohnconsidertobeanadvantageoftheWhiteStoneCollege?7.Inthefuture,whatisJohnlikelytodo?Conversation11.A.thedifficultyinfindingsomebooks.B.howfatitistothelibrary.C.theamountofreadingtheymustdo.D.howmuchtheydon’tlikethebooks.2.A.aspeedreadingclass.B.anAmericannovelsclass.C.alibraryskillclass.D.aclassinliterarycriticism.3.A.somenovels.B.someshortstories.C.atextbook.D.somejournalarticles.4.A.gotothelibrary.B.headforclass.C.returntothedorms.D.startreading.three1.whatproblemarethemanandwomandiscussing?C.男士第一句話。反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)開(kāi)頭之處是考點(diǎn)。2.whichclassarethemanandwomandiscussing?B.3.whatdothemanandwomannothavetoreadfortheclass?B.注意提問(wèn)部分的“not”。細(xì)節(jié)題，做好筆記。4.whatarethemanandwomanbothgoingtodonext?D.對(duì)話結(jié)尾也是考點(diǎn)出處。M:CanyoubelievehowmuchreadingwehaveforourAmericanliteratureclass?W:WhenIsignedupforaliteratureclass,Iknewthattherewouldbelotsofreading,butIneverexpectedthismuch.M:Yes,andIthoughtthatsinceitwasaclassonAmericannovels,wewouldjustbereadingsomenovels.W:Whatasurprise.Notonlydowehavetoreadabunchofnovels,wealsohavetoreadthetextbooks,whichgivesinformationabouttheauthorsandtheirnovels.Andwealsohavetofindjournalarticlesinthelibrarywhichhavecommentaryaboutthenovels.M:Sowehavethreethingstoread:thenovelsthemselves,thetextbook,andjournalarticles.W:That’sright.Andthere’salottoreadfromeachofthethree.M:Well,I’mheadingforthelibraryrightnowtogetstartedonallthatreading.Whataboutyou?W:I’monmywaybacktothedorm,butI’llbedoingthesamethingthatyouare,spendingtherestoftheafternoonwithmybooks.1.whatproblemarethemanandwomandiscussing?2.whichclassarethemanandwomandiscussing?3.whatdothemanandwomannothavetoreadfortheclass?4.whatarethemanandwomanbothgoingtodonext?Conversation25.A.theyarefromthesametown.B.theybothworkontheschoolmagazine.C.theyareinthesameclass.D.theyarebothteachingassistants.6.A.shewouldliketoworkonit.B.shehasneverheardofit.C.shedislikesreadingit.D.shefirstreaditlastmonth.7.A.trytocontacttheteachingassistantagain.B.gotoswimmingpractice.C.studyforabiologyexam.D.gotoameeting.four5.Howdothespeakersknoweachother?C.推斷題，男士一開(kāi)始自我介紹“It’sBillParkerfromyourcalculusclass.”開(kāi)頭處是考點(diǎn)，聽(tīng)音一開(kāi)始就要全神貫注。6.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthecampusliterarymagazine?B.推斷題，Sue反問(wèn)“Thewhat?”表明她對(duì)雜志不熟。7.WhatisBillgoingtodoafterdinner?D.細(xì)節(jié)題。Bill回答是“Uh,thatisbadforme–

IhaveameetingforTheSignal.”長(zhǎng)對(duì)話往往既要考你聽(tīng)懂沒(méi)有，還要考你的記憶力，所以要適當(dāng)做筆記。W:Hello?M:Hi,Sue.It’sBillParkerfromyourcalculusclass.W:Ohsure.Howareyou?M:Fine,thanks.Listen,I’mworkingonourassignmentandIcan’tseemtofigureoutthelastproblemand,uh…theteachingassistant’soutoftown,soIwaswonderingifyoucouldhelpme.W:Well,Ididthelastone,butI’mnotsureit’sright.M:Atleastyoufinallyfigureditout–

Ididn’tgetpastthefirstthreesteps.Wouldyouliketohavecoffeewithme?Wecouldgooveralloftheproblems.W:That’sagoodidea–

Ineedhelpwithnumberfive.I’mcompletelylostonthatone.M:Areyoufreenow?W:IhaveswimmingpracticeinafewminutesandthenIhavetostudyforabiologyexam–butIcouldmeetyourightafterdinner.M:Uh,that’sbadforme–

IhaveameetingforTheSignal.W:Thewhat?M:TheSignal

–youknow,thecampusliterarymagazine.Itcomesoutonceamonth.W:Oh,sorry–

Ijusttransferredherethisyear.M:I’llgiveyouacopy.Infact,I’llbringitwhenwemeet…So,anyway,whatabouttomorrow…Afterlunch,maybe?W:Great.Seeyouaroundone.5.Howdothespeakersknoweachother?6.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthecampusliterarymagazine?7.WhatisBillgoingtodoafterdinner?Conversation38.A.aftermidnight.B.aftershegoesswimming.C.whenshe’sbored.D.whenthereisagoodprogramon.9.A.helosthismealtickets.B.thecafeteriafoodwasawful.C.hemissedhisfavoriteTVprogram.D.hisTVwasbroken.10.A.becausehewastedhistime.B.becausehedoesn’tunderstandthewoman’sexplanation.C.becausehewatchedonlyoneprogram.D.becausehewassobored.11.A.partofthebrainrequiresmorenutrients.B.partofbrainisnotusedatall.C.ittakeslongertoprocessvisualinformation.D.itprocesscomplexinformationlessactively.five8.WhendoesthewomannormallywatchTV?C.C中的bebored即是原文的havenothingtodo。Note:聽(tīng)到錄音中的“onlyif”要特別留神。9.whywasthemanupset?A.原文出現(xiàn)了重復(fù)反問(wèn)“Bored?”表示與對(duì)方不同的看法。10.Whydidthemanfeeldisgustedwithhimself?A.細(xì)節(jié)題。在關(guān)鍵詞but出現(xiàn)的地方，要適當(dāng)做些筆記。11.Accordingtothewoman,whathappenstothebrainwhilewatchingTV?D.W:Whatagreatday,don’tyouthink?M:Iguessso.Ihadn’tnoticed.IfeelawfulbecauseIwatchedtelevisionuntilaftermidnightlastnight.W:Aftermidnight!Didyouwatchsolatebecauseyouwerebored?IusuallywatchTVonlyifIhavenothingbettertodo.M:Bored?No,IwasupsetbecauseIleftmymealticketsinthecafeteria.That’smorethanfiftydollarsworthofmealticketsdownthedrain.W:So,didwatchingTVmakeyoufeelbetter?M:Well,IfeltabitbetterwhileIwaswatching.Youknow,itkindoftookmymindoffmytroubles.ButafterIturnedtheTVoff,Ijustfeltdisgustedwithmyselfforwastingsomuchtime.W:I’vehadthatfeelingbefore.M:Ihadintendedtowatchjustoneprogram,butsomehowIcouldn’tmakemyselfswitchofftheTV.W:Actually,I’vereadthatthere’sascientificexplanationforthat.Itseemsthatthere’sapartofthebrainthatprocesscomplexinformation,butthatpartbecomeslessactivewhilewatchingTV.M:That’scertainlyhowIfeltlastnight–likemybrainwasn’tveryactive.W:That’snottheworstofit.IfyouwatchTValot,orforalongtime,thatpartofbrain–thepartthatprocesscomplexinformation–showsloweredactivityandyoubecomemoreandmorepassive.M:That’sincredible.W:Nexttimeyoufeelupset,youshouldgoswimming.That’swhatIdo,anditalwaysmakesmefeelbetter.M:Isuppose,rightnow,I’vegottogotothecafeteriaandgetsomemoremealtickets.8.WhendoesthewomannormallywatchTV?9.whywasthemanupset?10.Whydidthemanfeeldisgustedwithhimself?11.Accordingtothewoman,whathappenstothebrainwhilewatchingTV?Conversation412.A.tomakeabusinessreporttothewoman.B.tobeinterviewsforajobinthewoman’scompany.C.toresignfromhispositioninthewoman’scompany.D.toexchangestockmarketinformationwiththewoman.13.A.heisheadofasmalltradingcompany.B.heworksinaninternationalinsurancecompany.C.heleadsateamofbrokersinabigcompany.D.heisapublicrelationsofficerinasmallcompany.14.A.thewomanthinksMr.Saundersisaskingformorethantheycanoffer.B.Mr.Saunderswillshareonethirdofthewoman’sresponsibilities.C.Mr.Saundersbelievesthathedeservesmorepaidvacations.D.thewomanseemstobesatisfiedwithMr.Saunders’pastexperience.six12.What’sthepurposeofMr.Saunders’visit?B.13.WhatisMr.Saund