名詞要點(diǎn)精講

名詞要點(diǎn)精講

名詞是高考的熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。從語法和詞匯兩個(gè)方面來考察其用法，在單項(xiàng)選擇、完形、改錯(cuò)中都可感知高考中名詞的考查點(diǎn)。名詞的分類（重點(diǎn)在于分清可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞及詞類）

二.名詞的數(shù)：I.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1.規(guī)則變化說明詞尾的加法例詞一般情況加-sboots,houses以s,x,ch結(jié)尾加-eswatches,brushes（N：stomachs）多數(shù)情況下加es(以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾)tomatoes,potatoes,heroes以o結(jié)尾外來詞或縮略詞或以oo結(jié)尾的詞，加sphotos,pianos,zoos以y結(jié)尾以輔音字母加結(jié)尾，變y為i，加esstories,factories元音字母加y結(jié)尾，直接加stoys,boys變f或fe

為v,加esknives,wives,leaves以f或fe結(jié)尾直接加sroofs,beliefs,proofs兩種方法均可handkerchiefs,handkerchieves2.不規(guī)則變化A．改變元音字母：tooth-teeth,goose-geeseB．變詞尾:child-children,ox-oxenC．單復(fù)數(shù)相同：sheep,deer,fish,ChineseD.合成詞：①sister-in-law復(fù)數(shù)為sister-in-laws②mandoctor復(fù)數(shù)為mendoctors③passer-by復(fù)數(shù)為passers-by④Englishman復(fù)數(shù)為EnglishmenE.只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞。clothes,trousers,shoes,shorts,goods,glassesF.形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義卻是單數(shù)的詞：news,politics,

mathsG.形式上為單數(shù)，意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)的詞：people,cattle,policeII．不可數(shù)名詞：一般沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，包括抽象名詞，物質(zhì)名詞和專有名詞。一定要認(rèn)清不可數(shù)名詞,以免誤用。三.名詞詞類的轉(zhuǎn)化。這是高考的命題熱點(diǎn)。1．物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞。Hepreferscoffeetotea.(泛指的咖啡，不可數(shù))---Whatwouldyouliketodrink?---Acoffee,please.（一杯咖啡）LongjingisafamousteainChina.(茶的種類,可數(shù))2.抽象名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞。Failureisthemotherofsuccess.(失敗與成功在此為抽象概念）Asateacher,sheisasuccess,butasamother,sheis

afailurebecauseshedevoteslittletimetolookingafterherchild(成功者，失敗者，可數(shù))Manypeopleagreethat____knowledgeofEnglishisamustin___internationaltradetoday.a;不填B.the;anC.the,the

D.不填;the(A)四.名詞的格屬格形式應(yīng)用場合舉例用在表示有生命的名詞后TomandMike'sroom(兩人共有)Tom'sandMike'srooms(兩人分別所有)用在時(shí)間名詞后threeweek'sleave,today'spaper's屬格用在距離,長度名詞后twentymiles'journey用在地點(diǎn)名詞后China'sindustry用在天體名詞后theearth'ssurface用在價(jià)格名詞后adollar'sworthof屬格用在表無生命事物名詞后thedoorofourclassroom雙重屬格名詞前有a,some,any,few,no,several等詞修飾時(shí)afriendofmybrother'sseveralclassmatesofhis五.名詞功用中定語的用法。1．有些名詞沒有相同意義的形容詞形式,因此常直接以該名詞作為定語，來修飾另一名詞。letterbox信箱,mathematicsstudents數(shù)學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生2．名詞修飾名詞用單數(shù)形式。

streetlights街燈phonebooks電話簿高考題選1.Myparentsalwaysletmehavemyown____ofliving.(1999.上海25)

A.wayB.method

C.manner

D.fashion

2.Thenewlawwillcomeinto___onthedayitispassed.(1999上海)

A.effect

B.useC.serviceD.existence

3.Wehaveworkedouttheplanandnowwemustputitinto___.(NMET199738)

A.fact

B.reality

C.practice

D.deed4.We'vemissedthelastbus.I'mafraidwehaveno____buttotakeataxi.(MET1993,33)

A.wayB.choiceC.possibilityD.selection

5.Hedroppedthe___andbrokeit.(Met1993,38)

A.cupofcoffee

B.coffee‘scup

C.cupforcoffee

D.coffeecup

6.Here‘smycard.Let’skeepin____.(NMET1994,33)

A.touch

B.relation

C.connection

D.friendship

7.Hegainedhis___byprinting___offamouswriters.(NMET1995,40)

A.wealth;work

B.wealths;works

C.wealths;workD.wealth;works

8.I'lllookintothematterassoonaspossible,justhavealittle___.(MET1996,10)

A.waitB.timeC.patienceD.rest

9.Ifbyanychancesomeonecomestoseeme,askthemtoleavea____.(NMET1997,18)

A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice

10.Thesefootballplayershadnostrict___untiltheyjoinedourclub.(1997.上海20)

A.practiceB.educationC.exerciseD.training

11.Manycountriesareincreasingtheiruseofnaturalgas,windandotherformsof___.(1996.上海.15)

A.energy

B.source

C.power

D.material

12.You'llfindthismapofgreat__inhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.(NMET199821)

A.p