中考一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法必考點(diǎn)精講精練-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

中考一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法必考點(diǎn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞精講一．動(dòng)詞不定式1.動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成形式為：to+動(dòng)詞原形，to為不定式符號(hào)，本身無實(shí)義，有時(shí)可省略，動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能做謂語(yǔ)，但可做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)和狀語(yǔ)（初中階段要求掌握動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)和目的狀語(yǔ)）。2.動(dòng)詞不定式的用法1）做主語(yǔ)：2）做表語(yǔ)：Toprotectnatureistohelpourselves,orwewillbepunished.保護(hù)自然就是幫助我們自己，否則我們將受到懲罰。3）做定語(yǔ)：Wastesortingisawonderfulwaytomakegooduseofenergyandprotecttheenvironment.垃圾分類是種很好的利用能源和保護(hù)環(huán)境的方法。4）做賓語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞＋to+動(dòng)詞原形IwantedtoseetheBeijingOpera,soLinglingofferedtotakemetowatchanopera.我想看京劇，所以玲玲主動(dòng)提出帶我去看一場(chǎng)京劇。5）做賓補(bǔ)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞＋sb.+(not)to+動(dòng)詞原形OurEnglishteacherwantsustoreadEnglishstoriesoutofclass.我們英語(yǔ)老師想讓我們課后讀英語(yǔ)故事。6）做狀語(yǔ)：Manypeoplearegladtogivetheiropinions.許多人樂于發(fā)表自己的意見?！颈碓颉縏hegovenmentissettingupnatureparkstohelpprotectpandas.政府正在建立自然公園以幫助保護(hù)大熊貓?！颈砟康摹客卣梗汉罂山觿?dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)的?？紕?dòng)詞：兩個(gè)要求（demand/ask)兩答應(yīng)（agree/promise),三個(gè)希望（hope/wish/expect)莫拒絕（refuse),不要假裝（pretend)在安排（arrange),做出選擇（choose)和決定（decide),學(xué)會(huì)（learn)計(jì)劃（plan)沒負(fù)擔(dān)（afford),想要（want)設(shè)法（manage)都供應(yīng)（offer),千萬(wàn)不要怕失?。╢ail)后可接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)的常考動(dòng)詞：建議（advise)鼓勵(lì)（encourage)命令（order)允許（allow)警告（warn)教（teach)要求（ask)告訴（tell)邀請(qǐng)（invite)后接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)時(shí)可省略to的動(dòng)詞:一感（feel)、二聽（hear/listento)、三讓（let/have/make)、四看（sce/look/watch/observe)、半幫助（help）英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）做主語(yǔ)／賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it做形式主語(yǔ)／賓語(yǔ)，而將動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）后置，做真正的主語(yǔ)／賓語(yǔ)。如：①It'sourdutytokeepourcitycleanandbeautiful.保持城市清潔和美麗是我們的責(zé)任?！綢t做形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)做真正的主語(yǔ)】②Forexample,makeitahabittoreadduringbreakfastandlunch.例如，養(yǎng)成在早餐和午餐時(shí)間閱讀的習(xí)慣?！緄t做形式賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式做真正的賓語(yǔ)】and、or、except、but或than等連接兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，第二個(gè)不定式常省略to.如：Shewantedtobeanurseandhelppeople.她想成為一名護(hù)士，幫助人們。二．動(dòng)名詞1.動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成：動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成形式為：動(dòng)詞原形＋ing,其否定式是在動(dòng)名詞之前加否定詞not.動(dòng)名詞除具有動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)外，還具有名詞性質(zhì)。動(dòng)名詞的用法:(1)做主語(yǔ):LearningEnglishwellisveryimportant.學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是非常重要的。(2)做表語(yǔ)：Helpingothersishelpingyourself.幫助別人就是幫助你自己。(3)做賓語(yǔ)：Ienjoytalkingwithmyclassmatesonmywaytoschool.我喜歡在上學(xué)的路上和同學(xué)交談。(4)做定語(yǔ)：Abeautifulswimmingpoolliesbehindthegrassland.草地后面有一個(gè)美麗的游泳池。拓展：后可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的?？紕?dòng)詞：喜歡（enjoy)想象（imagine),堅(jiān)持（keep)完成（finish)練習(xí)（practice),考慮（consider)建議（advise/suggest)和介意（mind),避免（avoid)冒險(xiǎn)（risk)英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞不能做主語(yǔ)，但動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）和動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）可以，其區(qū)別在于：動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）做主語(yǔ)多用于廣泛意義的行為，而動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）多用于具體的行為，通常，動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）或動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；而并列的動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）或動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式分詞1分詞的構(gòu)成：分詞主要包括兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成形式為：動(dòng)詞原形＋ing,有“主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行”之意：過去分詞的構(gòu)成形式為：動(dòng)詞原形＋ed,有“被動(dòng)、完成”之意。2.分詞的用法：（1)做定語(yǔ)：Who'stheboyinwhiteT-shirtstandingunderthetree?站在樹下的那個(gè)穿白色T恤的男孩是誰(shuí)？Toprotectelephants,wemustsavethetreesandnotbuythingsmadeofivory.為保護(hù)大象，我們必須拯救樹木，而且絕不買象牙制品。(2)做狀語(yǔ):“Greenhouse”gaskeepsheat,causingourplanettowarmup.“溫室”氣體會(huì)保存熱量，使我們的地球變暖。Comparedwithhishouse,mineislargerandcheaper.與他的房子相比，我的房子更大而且更便宜。(3)做表語(yǔ):Footballissoexcitingthatmillionsofpeopleintheworldplayit.足球如此令人興奮，以至于世界上有數(shù)百萬(wàn)人踢足球。Everyonewasexcitedwhentheyheardtheexcitingnews.當(dāng)聽到這個(gè)激動(dòng)人心的消息時(shí)，每個(gè)人都很興奮。(4)做賓補(bǔ):IfoundaletterlyingonthefloorwhenIcameintotheclassroom.當(dāng)我走進(jìn)教室時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)地板上有一封信。HewantstohavehisTVrepaired.他想找人把電視修好。3.動(dòng)詞不定式與分詞做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別不定式賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的整個(gè)過程或即將開始seesb.dosth.看見某人做了某事asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行have/keepsb./sth.doingsth.讓某人／物一直做某事過去分詞賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成havesth.done讓某事被別人做4.動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別用法動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)表示被修飾詞的用途、目的，置于所修飾詞之前，不存在邏輯上的主謂／動(dòng)賓關(guān)系表示正在進(jìn)行或主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，被修飾詞是其邏輯主語(yǔ)，可轉(zhuǎn)化為定語(yǔ)從句Takemorethanenoughwater,food,andsleepingbags.帶上充足的水，食物和睡袋?！緞?dòng)名詞】AliceLeeisahighschoolstudentstudyingataprivateschool.=AliceLeeisahighschoolstudentwhoisstudyingataprivateschool愛麗絲·李是一名高中生，她在一所私立學(xué)校上學(xué)。【現(xiàn)在分詞】做表語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于名詞，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)可互換位置相當(dāng)于形容詞，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)不可互換位置Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsismyhobby.我的愛好是集郵?！緞?dòng)名詞】Ithinkthecoursesareveryinteresting.我認(rèn)為這些課程很有趣?！粳F(xiàn)在分詞】提問方式用what提問用how提問，答語(yǔ)可用so/very/too等副詞修飾-Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?兩位說話者在談?wù)撌裁?？－Visitingamuseum.參觀博物館?！緞?dòng)名詞】-HowwasSam'sschooltrip?山姆的學(xué)校之旅如何？－Interesting.有趣的?！粳F(xiàn)在分詞】拓展：有冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、’s/s’所有格、some/much/alot等修飾的“動(dòng)詞原形＋ing”必是動(dòng)名詞。如：Theliuleboyfinishedhispaintingallbyhimself.這個(gè)小男孩獨(dú)自完成了他的繪畫。（2）祈使句中的“動(dòng)詞原形＋ing”必是動(dòng)名詞。如：Nosmoking.禁止吸煙。（3）介詞（短語(yǔ)）后的“動(dòng)詞原形＋ing”必是動(dòng)名詞。如：Insteadoflettingpeopleguess,tellthemthetruth.告訴人們真相，而不是讓他們猜測(cè)。（4）可構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞的“動(dòng)詞原形＋ing”必是現(xiàn)在分詞。如：Luisahard-workinggirlandalwayscomestopatschool.陸是一個(gè)勤奮的女孩，在學(xué)校總是名列前茅。四．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的?？脊潭ù钆?.動(dòng)詞不定式的?？脊潭ù钆?)疑問詞＋todo2)tryone'sbesttodosth.盡某人最大努力做某事3)besupposedtodosth.應(yīng)該做某事4)too+形容詞／副詞＋todosth.太·······而不能做某事5)形容詞／副詞＋enoughtodosth.足夠....做某事6)wouldliketodosth.想要做某事（簡(jiǎn)略形式為’dlike)7)Wouldyouliketodosth.?你想做某事嗎？8)hadbetter(not)dosth.最好（不）做某事（簡(jiǎn)略形式為’dbetter)9)letsb.(not)dosth.讓某人（不要）做某事10)Whynotdosth.?為什么不做某事呢？11)wouldratherdosth.(thandosth.)寧愿做某事（而不做某事）拓展：“疑問詞＋todo”做賓語(yǔ)?？赊D(zhuǎn)化為賓語(yǔ)從句，如：Suzydidn'tknowwhentotakeaboattriponthelake.=Suzydidn'tknowwhenshewouldtakeaboattriponthelake.蘇西不知道什么時(shí)候去乘船游湖。（2）省略to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)8)~11)為省略to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，而7)~10)為提建議的句型，除考查動(dòng)詞不定式外，還會(huì)涉及答語(yǔ)的考查。常用的肯定回答：OK!/Allright!/Goodidea/Soundsgreat./I'dliketo...常用的否定回答：Sorry,I../I'mafraidnot./I'dliketo,but...2.動(dòng)名詞的?？脊潭ù钆鋐eellikedoingsth.想要做某事succeedindoingsth.成功做成某事beworthdoingsth.值得做某事bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望做某事giveupdoingsth.放棄做某事putoffdoingsth.推遲做某事can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事have(no)fun/trouble/difficulty+(in)doingsth.做某事（沒）有樂趣／麻煩／困難How/Whatabout+doingsth.?做某事怎么樣？stop/keep/preventsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事keepondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事makeacontribution/contributionstodoingsth.為做某事做出貢獻(xiàn)payattentiontodoingsth.注意做某事thanksb.fordoingsth.為·····感謝某人3.分詞的常考固定搭配現(xiàn)在分詞：see/watchsb.doingsth.看見某人正在做某事noticesb.doingsth.注意到某人正在做某事hearsb.doingsth.聽到某人正在做某事keep/getsb.doingsth.使某人一直做某事過去分詞：see/watchsth.done看到某事被（某人）做noticesth.done注意到某事被（某人）做have/keep/getsth.done.讓某事被（某人）做4.動(dòng)詞后接不定式與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別forgettodosth.忘記去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事remembertodosth.記得去做某事rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事regrettodosth.對(duì)將來要做的事感到遺憾regretdoingsth.對(duì)已發(fā)生的事感到后悔stoptodosth.停止現(xiàn)在做的事，去做別的事stopdoingsth.停止現(xiàn)在正在做的事continuetodosth.做完一件事后，繼續(xù)做別的事continuedoingsth.做一件事中斷后，再繼續(xù)做這件事trytodosth.設(shè)法做某事trydoingsth.嘗試做某事meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味著做某事needtodosth.需要去做某事needdoingsth.某事需要做拓展：既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞的常考動(dòng)詞：愛（like/love/prefer)憎（hate)分明再開始（begin/start),停止（stop)后悔（regret)莫忘記（forget),繼續(xù)（continue)努力（try)有打算（mean),需要（need)謹(jǐn)記（remember)這些詞精練一．完成句子1.我想邀請(qǐng)他參加我們的俱樂部。Iwant______________tojoinourclub.2.Myparentsoftentellmenot_______________（eat)toomuchjunkfoodbecauseit'sbadformyhealth.3.TheboxissoheavythatIcan'tcarryit.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）Theboxis________heavyforme________carry.4.我們應(yīng)該思考怎么把中國(guó)文化介紹給全世界。Weshouldthinkabout__________introduceChineseculturetotheworld.5.Don'tpourthe_________（pollute)watereverywhereoryou'llbepunished.二．單項(xiàng)選擇1.It'snecessaryforyou_______theclassroomclean,class.A.keepB.keepingC.tokeep2.Whenyoumovesomewherenew,thefirstthingforyouistofindaplace_______A.toliveB.livinginC.tolivein3.Ican'ttellyouwhatshesaid.I'vepromised________itasecret.A.keepB.tokeepC.keepingD.kept4.LeonardoDiCaprio,afamousAmericanactor,wasalwaysexpecting______anOscarandfinallyhemadeit.A.towinB.winningC.nottowinD.notwinning5.Shesaidshehoped______herdaughter.A.toseeB.youtoseeC.seeing6.-Whatareyougoingtodowhenyougrowup?－Asinger,butmyparentswishme_______ateacher.amB.tobeC.willbeD.be7.Weonlyplanned_______theplayforanhour,butintheend,westayedforthreehours.A.watchB.watchesC.towatchD.watched8.-Somechildrencan'tafford_______necessarystationery.－Let'sdonateourpocketmoneytothem.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.bebought9.Thelittleboypretended______whenhismothercamein.A.sleepingB.asleepC.toasleepD.tobeasleep10.-Doyouhaveanyplansforthecomingvacations?－Sure.Wedecide_______SanshainJuly.A.visitB.visitingC.visitedD.tovisit11.Vivianrefuses______herchildrentotheweekendtrainingcentreforextraclasses.A.tosendB.sendingC.sentD.sends12.Attimes,parentsfinditdifficult_____withtheirteenagechildren.A.talkB.talkedC.talkingD.totalk13.-You'dbetteradvisehim______anythingoutofthewindowwhiledriving.－Iwill.Hehastoknowit'sdangerous.A.notthrowingB.nothrowingC.nottothrowD.don'tthrow14.Ourcountryencouragesmorestudents______football.Nowmanyfootballclubshavebeensetupinschools.A.playB.playingC.toplayD.willplay15.Theheadmasterwarnsus_______theschoolrules,orwe'llbepunished.A.tobreakB.nottobreakC.breakingD.don'tbreak16.Formorethanonce,ourheadteacherasksus______thehabitofkeepingadiary.A.developB.developsC.developingD.todevelop17.Ourteacheroftentellsus_______time.A.notwasteB.don'twasteC.nottowasteD.doesn'twaste18.ThebossaskedTimtogoand______outiftherewasanyoneelseabsent.A.findB.findingC.tofindD.found19.Myfriendinvitedme______theartclub,andIaccepteditwithpleasure.A.joinB.tojoinC.joinedD.joining20.IsawTom______hiskeyinthelock,turnitandopenthedoor.A.putB.puttingC.putsD.toput21.Paulmadeanicecage______thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep22.MomdoesallthehouseworksothatSarahcantakethetime_____herwordsonpaper.A.putB.puttingC.toputD.puts23.-We'regoingtoseeamovie.Wouldyouliketojoinus?－Sorry,Ihavetoomuchhomework_______.willdoB.needdoC.doD.todo24.Sleepingisapopularway________amongstudents.A.relaxB.relaxedC.relaxingD.torelax25.-IwillgotoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?－Ihaven'tdecidedwhere_______.goB.wentC.goingD.togoStudentsshouldlearnhow______problems.solveB.solvingC.cansolveD.tosolve-______gooutforapicnicnextSaturday.－Goodidea.WhynotB.HowaboutC.WouldyoulikeD.Let's28.-Wouldyoulike______campingwithme?－I'dliketo.ButI'mbusy_______myhomework.togo;todoB.togo;doingC.going;todoD.going;doing29.Youlooktootired.Whynot_______arest?A.stoptohaveB.tostophavingC.stophaving30.-Bob,I'mnotgoodatEnglish.WhatshouldIdo?－Whynot______anEnglishclubtopractice_______English?tojoining;speakingB.join;tospeakC.tojoin;tospeakD.join;speaking31.-Areyougoingswimmingthisafternoon?－I'drather______withyou.A.togoshoppingB.goshopingC.togoshopingD.goshopping32.Theresearchhedevoteshimself______thefarmershaveabetterharvestisveryimportant.A.helpingB.tohelpC.helpD.helped33.-Wouldyoumind______inthedininghall?--Ofcoursenot.nottosmokeB.notsmokingC.smokeD.notsmoke34.-It'stoohot.Wouldyoumindmy_______thewindow?--__________.Doitasyoulike,please.A.toopen;OKB.opening;CertainlynotC.opening;OfcourseD.open;Goodidea35.Theretiredcoupleenjoy______photos.Theyalwaysgooutwiththeircameras.A.takeB.tookC.totakeD.taking36.-Ilikethedress,butI'm______Ihaven'tgotenoughmoney.－Don'tworry.Idon'tmind_＿yousomeifyoulike.afraid;lendingB.glad;lendingC.afraid;tolendD.glad;tolend37._______honestisthefirstthingpeopleshouldlearn.A.BeingB.LookC.BeD.Become38.Wefeellike______somefoodanddrinkbecausewe'llinvitesomefriends______inaparty.A.buying;tojoinB.tobuy;joiningC.buying;join39.-I'mlookingforwardto_______myparentssoon.Whataboutyou?－Metoo.SeeingB.seeC.saw40.Lastweekend,theGreenshadgreatfun______atWaterWorld.A.swimmingB.cookingC.hiking41.Tinaisbusy______atschool,butsheneverforgets______hermothereveryday.A.work;tocallB.working;tocallC.working;calling42.-WhatcouldIgetmyfatherforFather'sDay?--_________gettinghimatie?A.Whynot